专题7.定语从句 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（仁爱版）

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定语从句一．知识解析　　在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。关系词作用先行词例句that,who,whom主语、宾语、表语人Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗?that,which主语、宾语、表语物She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。whose定语人、物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。when状语时间I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。where状语地点This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。why状语原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 1.关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.      先行词　主语　　谓语　　宾语 分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如:Is there anything(that)you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如:This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如:I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:Which is the hotel that you like best?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?(2)关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?2.关系副词的用法(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:I still remember the year when you graduated from No. 8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如:We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。题组训练一、选择适当的词填空1.The boy 　who　(who;whom;which)is playing ping-pong is my classmate. 2.The only e-mail 　that　(who;that;which)I received yesterday was from my sister. 3.I hate people 　that　(that;which;whom)talk much but do little. 4.The hotel 　where　(which;that;where)we stayed last summer is a good one. 5.Can you help me find some information about Einstein 　which　(which;who;whom)I can use for my report? 6.This is the most amazing photo 　that　(which;that;who)I have ever seen.  随堂练习1. You Raise Me Up is a song ________ brings me much courage in the face of challenges.A. who B. when C. which D. where【答案】C【解析】句意：《你鼓舞了我》是一首歌，它带给我面对挑战的勇气。A. who定语从句关系词，先行词是人； B. when定语从句关系词；做时间状语；C. which定语从句关系词，先行词是物；D. where定语从句关系词，做地点状语。a song 是物，关系词用which。根据题意，故选C。2. —Do you know the boy over there?—The one           is holding a ball? Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil.A. what B. which C. who D. 不填【答案】C【解析】句意：— —你认识那边那个男孩吗？ — —那个拿着球的人？哦，他是我的邻居菲尔。本题考查定语从句。A. what什么；B. which哪一个；C. who谁。what引导的是主语，表语和宾语从句。what不能引导定语从句。因为定语从句是形容词性质的。而what所引导的是名词性从句。两者结构不同。所以排除A；分析句子The one           is holding a ball? 的结构可知，本题缺少的是主语，且关系词在定语从句中做主语，不能省略。故选项D不对；我们知道：who 的先行词是人，which的先行词是物。本题的The one是指上文的the boy over there，指人的先行词，因此应该用who来引导。故选C。3. Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict with all is students.A. which B. who C. where【答案】B【解析】句意＂布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师＂。本题考查定语从句。A.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，故选B。4. Du Fuguo is a hero       is known to millions of Chinese people.A. who B. which C. what【答案】A【解析】句意“杜富国是一个许多中国人都知道的英雄”。本题考查定语从句。A.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.定语从句中关系词没有what。先行词为a hero，指人，在从句中作主语，故选A。5. The book __________ I read last night was fantastic.A. that B. what C. whose D. who【答案】A【解析】句意：我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。此句考查定语从句的关系词。A. that先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B. what不能引导定语从句；C. whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语；D. who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。本句的先行词book指物，用that来引导，故答案为A。6. She was so angry at __________ he was doing __________ she walked out without a word.      A. what; that           B. that; what            C. what; what                 D. that; that 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她对他所做的事很生气，以至于她一言不发地走了出去。第一空考查what引导的宾语从句；第二空考查so…that…如此……以至于……。故选A。二1.—What are they talking about?—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.A. which B. who C. that【答案】C【解析】句意：——他们在谈论什么？——他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。考查定语从句关系词。which先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物，且在从句中作主语，排除B；先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰，关系词不能用which只能用that，排除A。故选C。2.—Do you know Li Ziqi?—Of course. She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.A. whose B. where C. which D. who【答案】D【解析】句意：——你知道李子柒吗？——当然知道，她是一个美丽的女孩，她制作了许多视频来展示中国传统的生活方式。考查定语从句。whose谁的；where哪里；which哪一个；who谁。句中girl是先行词，表示“人”，所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句，who has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life作girl的定语。故选D。3.The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.A. which B. whose C. that【答案】B【解析】句意：封面上有漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的。本题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语；whose引导定语从句，作定语；that引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语。此处修饰名词cover用whose。故选B。4.The nurse _____________ is looking after the old man is Tom’s sister.A. which B. who C. what【答案】B【解析】句意：正在照顾那位老人的护士是汤姆的妹妹。考查定语从句关系词。which关系代词，先行词是物，且在从句中作主语、宾语；who关系代词，先行词是人，且在从句中作主语；what什么，不能引导定语从句。根据题干可知从句的先行词“The nurse”，指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选B。5. In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope.A. whom B. which C. who【答案】C【解析】句意：在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。考查定语从句的关系词。whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语；which先行词为物；who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，是人，所以排除B；根据先行词在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导，故选C。6. Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.A. who B. which C. what D. when【答案】A【解析】句意：李文亮是一位勇敢的医生，被许多中国人所熟知。考查定语从句。A. who谁；B. which哪一个；C. what什么；D. when什么时候。根据句子结构，这是一个定语从句，先行词为doctor，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。7.We’ ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country.A. who B. which C. whom【答案】A【解析】句意：我们将永不忘记那些为我们的国家牺牲生命的人。考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句做主语或宾语；which指代物，在定语从句做主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句做宾语。此处先行词是those指的是“那些人”，定语从句用关系代词who做主语。故选A。8.Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.A．which B．whom C．who【答案】C【解析】句意：杜甫是一位伟大的中国诗人，他受到世界各地许多人的欢迎。考查定语从句。which哪一个；whom宾格，谁；who主格，谁。句中poet是先行词，表示“人”，所以此处使用who或whom引导定语从句，由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以此处使用who引导定语从句。故选C。9.We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed.A. who B. that C. whom【答案】B【解析】句意：我们都喜欢喜剧，喜剧让我们放松。考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；that指代人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语。先行词是comedies，是物，用关系代词that，that在定语从句做主语。故选B。10.This is the CD_____________ I bought last year.A. who B. that C. whom【答案】B【解析】句意：这是我去年买的CD。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人；that关系代词，指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据句意和语境可知，本句的先行词the CD属于物，而且在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导，故选B。一A lady once wrote a long story. She sent it to a famous editor. After __1__ weeks the editor __2__ the story to her. The lady was __3__. She worte back to the editor:“Dear Sir,Yesterday you sent back a story of mine. __4__ do you know that the story is not good? You did not read it. __5__ I sent you the story, I pasted together pages 18, 19 and 20. This was a __6__ to see whether you would read the story. When the story came back yesterday, the pages were __7__ pasted together. Is this the __8__ you read all the stories that are sent to you?”The editor wrote back:“Dear Madam,__9__ breakfast when I have an egg, I __10__ eat the whole egg in order to discover that it is bad.”1. A. few    B. a few   C. little   D. a little2. A. gave   B. came back  C. handed  D. returned3. A. angry   B. happy   C. satisfied  D. glad4. A. How   B. Why   C. What   D. Where5. A. After   B. Until   C. Before   D. Since6. A. lesson   B. test   C. question  D. thing7. A. already   B. still   C. even   D. yet8. A. work   B. check   C. road   D. way9. A. On    B. On the   C. At   D. At the10.A. must not   B. have not to  C. need not to  D. don’t have to1.【答案】Ｂ。【解析】根据文意，这里应选择一个词或词组，修饰可数名词，表示“一些”，比较四个选项，只有a few合符条件，为正确选项。  【答案】Ｄ。【解析】把某物还给某人，可用give sth back to sb或return sth to sb来表达，细看句子，只有Ｄ项正确。  【答案】Ａ。【解析】根据上下文可知，这个女士在稿件被退还时，看到那三页依然粘在一起，应当感到非常恼火，故选angry。  【答案】A。【解析】分析句子，这里应选择一个疑问副词，在句中作方式状语，表达“你怎么知道这篇故事不好？”之意，比较四个选项，应选How。  【答案】C。【解析】比较主从句中两个动作的先后关系，可知从句应用before引导。  【答案】B。【解析】比较四个词，lesson意为“功课，教训”；test意为“检测，测试”；question意为“问题”；thing意为“事情，东西”。根据句意，应选B。  【答案】B。【解析】句意为“当稿件被退回时，那几页依然粘在一起”，只有still合乎句意，为正确选项。  【答案】D。【解析】比较四个选项，只有way可用来表示“方式，方法”。  【答案】C。【解析】at breakfast为固定结构，意为“在吃早饭”。10【答案】D。【解析】don’t have to do sth = needn’t do sth 意为“不必干某事”。二Greenland is the largest island in the world. It is in the   1  of Europe. Near Greenland is another island. It is small. Its   2   is Iceland. Do you think that Greenland is green and warm? Do you think that Iceland is white with ice? If you do, you are   3  . Not many people live on the big island of Greenland. There   4   more people in your hometown than in all of Greenland. That is because Greenland is not green. Greenland is   5  . Most of the island is covered with lots of ice. The ice covering Greenland is   6   than the world's tallest building. What   __7   Iceland? Is it colder than Greenland? No, it is not. Iceland has ice, but not so much ice   8   Greenland. It has a lot of hot springs(泉).They give out hot water and steam(水蒸汽).The climate(气候) is not as   9     as Greenland. And there are a lot   10   people who live in Iceland.1. A. east    B. west    C. north   D. south2. A. village   B. name    C. farm   D. town3 .A. wrong   B. clever    C. right   D. bright4. A. must be   B. are    C. is    D. be5. A. yellow   B. brown   C. blue   D. white6. A. more higher  B. high   C. highest  D. higher7. A. of    B. in    C. about   D. on8. A. as    B. like   C. than   D. then9. A. warm   B. cold   C. not   D. cool10. A. many   B. much   C. more   D. most1．【答案】C。【解析】格陵兰岛位于欧洲北部。这需要有一定的地理常识，下文并无提示。2．【答案】B。3．【答案】A。【解析】如果你只从字面上看，认为Greenland是绿色的，而 Iceland被许多冰所覆盖，那么你就想错了。根据下文可知它们的地理特征并不像它们的名字所描述的那样。4．【答案】B。【解析】There must be more people…表示肯定猜测，而如果直接用There are more people则太绝对化了。5．【答案】D。【解析】根据下文得知格陵兰岛大部分地区被冰所覆盖，所以是白色的。6．【答案】D。【解析】格陵兰岛的冰比世界最高的楼高。故选high的比较级 higher。7．【答案】C。【解析】What about Iceland? 意为“冰岛(的地理环境和气候)又怎样呢?”。8．【答案】A。【解析】not so…as…表示“不如……”。9．【答案】B。【解析】因为冰岛拥有很多的温泉，冰也没有格陵兰岛的多，所以气温就没有格陵兰岛低。10．【答案】C。【解析】a lot more people相当于much more people。意思是“冰岛的人口比格陵兰岛的多得多”。