课时01.名词、冠词-中考英语四轮总复习（仁爱版）

第一课时名词、冠词1.名词名词是历年中考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空题型中。名词部分主要考查：①名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)　　②名词和冠词的搭配③抽象名词的具体化 ④名词的词性变化⑤名词的词义辨析1.可数名词的复数(1)规则变化【名师指津】①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es：“黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿”，即Negroes，heroes, potatoes，tomatoes。②以－f或－fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves：“为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半”，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。(2)不规则变化Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.每一种可能的方式都已经被尝试了，但是没有起作用的。1.－’s所有格：①and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。 ②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。Tom’s and Jim’s rooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间Tom and Jim’s room汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间at the barber’s在理发店2．of所有格：无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。the content of the novel小说的内容the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字3．双重所有格：“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。a play of Shakespeare’s 莎士比亚的一个戏剧a photo of mine我的一张照片随堂练习考点1　名词的辨析1.(2021福建,23)—Could you tell me the 　　　of the sweater? —Yes. It’s ￥125. A.color　　　B.price　　　C.shape【答案】　B　本题考查名词词义辨析。 color颜色;price价格;shape形状。由答语“It’s ￥125.”可知,对方问的是价格。故答案为B。2.(2020福建,23)—I like 　　　best. —So do I. I take singing classes every weekend.A.music　　　B.physics　　　C.math【答案】　A　句意:——我最喜欢音乐。——我也是。我每周末都上音乐课。本题考查名词词义辨析。根据答语中的“So do I.”可知,对话的两个人的喜好一致。再根据答句中的“take singing classes”可知该喜好为音乐,故选A。3.(2019福建,24)—What should we do for the camping trip?—We’d better make a 　　　of things like food, drinks, medicine and so on. A.list　　　B.card　　　C.report【答案】　A　句意:——我们应该为野营旅行做什么?——我们最好列一张物品清单,如食物、饮料、药品等。本题考查名词词义辨析。list清单;card卡片;report报道。根据答句中的“things like food, drinks, medicine and so on”可知,此处是把需要准备的物品列成清单。故选A。4.(2018福建,31)—I don’t know how to use the App Fun Dubbing.—Ask Jimmy for help. He has lots of 　　　in doing it. A.experience　　　B.trouble　　　C.courage【答案】　A　本题考查名词词义辨析。根据答句中的“Ask Jimmy for help.”可知,Jimmy可以帮忙指导如何使用应用软件。答句的第二句话是进一步解释说明他可以帮忙的原因是他有很多经验。experience经历,经验;trouble困难,麻烦;courage勇气。故选A。5.(2017福建,29)—Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera.—That’s true. It’s an important part of Chinese 　　　. A.culture　　　B.invention　　　C.custom【答案】　A　本题考查名词词义辨析。根据答句中的“It’s an important part of”可知,本句描述的是京剧所属的类别。京剧是文化的一种表现形式。culture文化;invention发明;custom习惯;风俗。根据句意可知本题选A。6.(2021福州一模,21)Be careful of the 　　　. You may cut yourself. A.knife　　　B.fire　　　C.traffic【答案】　A　考查名词词义辨析。knife刀;fire火;traffic交通。由后一句中的cut可知,这里指“刀”,故选A。7.(2021南平一模,24)—Kate, what about going to the 　　　? —Sounds fantastic! Listening to music can make merelaxed.A.cinema　　　B.concert　　　C.museum【答案】　B　考查名词词义辨析。cinema电影院;concert音乐会;museum博物馆。根据Listening to music可知选B。8.(2021龙岩一模,24)—What club would you like to join?—The 　　　club. My favorite poet is Du Fu. A.poem　　　B.chess　　　C.science【答案】　A　考查名词词义辨析。poem诗歌;chess国际象棋;science科学。根据My favorite poet is Du Fu可知,此处表示“诗歌俱乐部”,故选A。9.(2021莆田一模,23)—The food safety is still a serious 　　　in the world. —Luckily, our government is taking measures to solve it.A.problem　　　B.program　　　C.project【答案】　A　考查名词词义辨析。problem问题;program节目;project工程,项目。根据food safety和答句中的solve可知,此处表示“问题”,故选A。10.(2021三明一模,86)To make beautiful diaries, many would buy lots of materials like stickers (贴纸) for decoration, but Sun had a different 　　　　　　/aɪˈdɪə/. 【答案】　idea　根据a可知本空填写可数名词单数,再根据音标可知应填名词idea。11.(2021泉州一模,87)A crane is a large 　　　　　　/bɜːd/ with long legs and a long neck. 【答案】　bird　根据a large可知,本空填写可数名词单数,再根据音标可知应填名词bird。12.(2019福建,81)Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo, 　　　　　　/sɪlk/, animal hide, and wooden blocks. 【答案】　silk　根据前文单词“materials”可知,本空填写的应该是某种材料,再根据音标可知答案为silk。13.(2018福建,87)Lonnie got the idea for this 　　　　　　/tɔɪ/ while working on another invention. 【答案】　toy　根据音标可知应填名词toy。14.(2017福建,86)They hold many kinds of activities in honor of old people, wishing them good 　　　　　　/helth/ and a long life. 【答案】　health　根据形容词good和音标可知本空应填名词health。wish sb. good health祝某人身体健康。考点2　名词的数和格1.(2021福建,83)It’s practiced by over 100 million people in more than 150 　　　　　　(country). 【答案】　countries　由设空处前的150可知,本空的名词应该用复数形式。故填countries。2.(2020福建,89)For centuries, much land has been devoted(奉献) to rice-planting and many Chinese people are 　　　　　　(farmer), who work very hard for each grain. 【答案】　farmers　本题考查名词的数。由设空处前的are及后面的work可知,此处应用复数形式,故填farmers。3.(2019福建,85)Cai Lun began experimenting(试验) with many different materials and different 　　　　　　(method) to turn those materials into paper. 【答案】　methods　本题考查名词的数。method是可数名词,由different可知,此处应用名词的复数形式,故填methods。4.(2018福建,82)Other times he made new things from different 　　　　　　(part). 【答案】　parts　本题考查名词的数。part表示“零件;部件”时是可数名词,根据different可知,此处用复数形式parts。5.(2017福建,85)They hold many 　　　　　　(kind) of activities in honor of old people, wishing them good health and a long life. 【答案】　kinds　本题考查名词的数。kind作名词,表示“种类”,是可数名词,由many可知,此处应用复数形式kinds。6.(2021厦门一模,86)Most ancient Chinese paintings are about 　　　　　　(flower), birds, humans and nature, but Han’s painting of Five Oxen is an exception(例外). 【答案】　flowers　本题考查名词的数。flower是可数名词,且和birds,humans并列,应用复数形式,故填flowers。7.(2021龙岩一模,85)In the 70-sq-km Wuyi Mountain, tourists can enjoy many special and unique natural features, like fantastic mountains, winding rivers, deep caves, strange 　　　　　　(stone) and so on. 【答案】　stones　本题考查名词的数。stone是可数名词,且和mountains, rivers, caves并列,应用复数形式。故填stones。8.(2021南平一模,89)Since the work started, Fujian has sent 183 　　　　　　(official) and around 2,000 experts in science and technology, education, and medical care to Ningxia. 【答案】　officials　本题考查名词的数。official在此处表示“官员”,是可数名词,空前有基数词183,此处应用复数形式,故填officials。9.(2021漳州一模,87)Latisha Hodge often brings two of her kids to read to the horses. Their 　　　　　　(name) are Abel and Sevyn. 【答案】　names　本题考查名词的数。name是可数名词。由空后的are可知,此处应用复数形式,故填names。10.(2021三明一模,83)Before buying, Wang decided to research all of the possible 　　　　　　(choice). 【答案】　choices　本题考查名词的数。choice是可数名词。空前有all of修饰,故此处应用复数形式。故填choices。考点3　名词构词法1.(2021 宁德一模,86)Ancient Chinese poets and 　　　(write) often described the ox in literature. 【答案】　writers　本题考查名词构词法。此处与poets并列,应用所给词的名词形式writer表示“作家”,且表泛指,用复数形式,故填writers。2.(2021 泉州一模,86)It is a good phrase to use when any friend is going to make a big 　　　　　　(decide). 【答案】　decision　本题考查名词构词法。根据空前的a可知,此处应填名词单数形式。make a decision做决定,故填decision。3.(2020泉州石狮二模,88改编)Zhong Nanshan led his team to Wuhan to fight the 　　　　　　(ill). 【答案】　illness　本题考查名词构词法。由空格前的定冠词the可知,此处应填名词,故答案为illness。4.(2020厦门海沧二模,86)As a 　　　　　　(music), most of my inspiration comes from other people’s music. 【答案】　musician　本题考查名词构词法。根据“As a”可知,本空所填词表示人的身份或职业。再根据提示词和后文的“most of my inspiration comes from other people’s music(我大部分的灵感来源于其他人的音乐)”推断,本空指音乐家,故答案为musician。综合练1.(2021江苏扬州,47)The wallpaper with cartoon patterns is ideal for my　　　　　　 room. (son) 【答案】　son’s　设空处与后面名词是所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故答案为son’s。2. (2021云南,67)As a TV 　　　　　　, it’s my duty to tell the truth to the public. (report) 【答案】　reporter　本题考查名词。根据语境可知,此空需要填一个表示职业的名词。根据提示的单词可知,应填reporter。3. (2021广东,73改编)Lao Pan’s new book includes his forty-seven 　　　　　　(letter) to his family back in America. The letters show China’s development in different periods. 【答案】　letters　本题考查名词复数。由空前的数词forty-seven可知,老潘的新书里包含47封他写给美国家人的信,故填 letters。4. (2021河北,77)I’m in the school basketball team. We usually play 　　　　　　(match) on Saturdaymornings. 【答案】　matches　match为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。故答案为matches。5. (2021河南,59改编)The local people used to live a hard 　　　　　　because of the shortage of water. 【答案】　life　考查名词。live a hard life过着艰苦的生活。6. (2021湖南长沙,61改编)There two rich 　　　　　　(brother), Oliver and Roderick, gave him a letter and told him not to open it until two o’clock of the day. 【答案】　brothers　本题考查名词复数。根据空前的基数词two可知,brother应该用复数形式,故填 brothers。7.(2021新疆,86改编)He works every day late into the 　　　　　　, sometimes even forgetting to eat dinner, and gets up early as well. 【答案】　night　late into the night直到深夜。此处表示他每天工作到深夜。所以填night。8.(2020湖北孝感,81)As a senior high school student, he is going to read as many 　　　　　　(book) as possible to open his mind. 【答案】　books　本题考查名词的复数。book为可数名词,由修饰语“as many”可知,book应用复数形式。9.(2020浙江湖州,67)“People sometimes make 　　　(mistake), but the important thing is that they own up to(承认) what they’ve done,” she said. 【答案】　mistakes　本题考查名词的复数。根据固定搭配“make mistakes”可知,mistake应用复数形式。10.(2020山东临沂,56)Growing up is hard for everyone. Laura has to face lots of stress as a 　　　　　　(teenage). 【答案】　teenager　本题考查名词构词法。根据介词搭配“as a...”可知,空格处应填写表示人的身份或职业的名词,故将teenage变成名词teenager(青少年)。11.(2020江苏连云港,52改编)Have you read the report? Those 　　　　　　(hero) stories really touched me deeply. 【答案】　heroes’　本题考查名词复数和名词所有格。分析句子结构可知“Those 　　　stories”在句中作主语,故空格处应修饰“stories”,意为“英雄的”,应用所有格形式。同时,此处泛指英雄这一类人,需将hero变成复数heroes。故答案为heroes’。 12.(2020南平质检,84)According to folk　　　　　　(story), the dish became well-known when Su went to Hangzhou, Zhejiang to take office. 【答案】　stories　本题考查名词的数。story是可数名词,此处表泛指,故用它的复数形式stories。13.(2020宁德质检,83)Later on, ancient Greeks used their knowledge of　　　　　　/mæ?/ and science to make maps. 【答案】　math　根据science及音标可知填math。14.(2020莆田质检,82)Though it’s made up of two 　　　(word), climate emergency is treated as a single word, in the same way as heart attack. 【答案】　words　本题考查名词的数。word是可数名词,前面有数词two,故用word的复数形式。冠词冠词是中考考必考热点，以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，把冠词结合名词一起考查。①冠词的泛指、特指②在形容词和副词比较级前的用法③固定搭配冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不用冠词)。冠词的泛指和特指泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。注意:①判断一个词前用a还是an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。我们可以这样记忆:不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音。②在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。③要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/ʌ/音时前用an,如:an umbrella,an unusual story,an unhappy boy;当“u”发/juː/音时前用a,如:a university,a useful book。一．用冠词a或an填空①　an　hour ②　a　European country ③　a　“b” ④　an　“s” ⑤　an　orange ⑥　an　unusual story ⑦　an　island ⑧　a　new bike ⑨　an　e-mail  ⑩　an　important invention 11.　a　useful book 12.　an　NBA player  13.　an　eight-year-old girl  14.　an　honest person  1.下列情况用零冠词2.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中用零冠词。如:day after day一天天地;face to face面对面地;side by side肩并肩地;hand in hand手拉手;from beginning to end自始至终;day and night日日夜夜;sooner or later迟早;husband and wife夫妻;at home 在家;by mistake 错误地;at first起初;at last最后;at once 立刻;at noon 在中午;at work在工作;on time准时;in surprise 惊奇地;at night 在晚上;on foot 步行;on business因公出差;on holiday 在度假;in class 在课上;go home回家;for example 例如;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing 去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼二．知识拓展有定冠词和无定冠词的区别(1)gotoschool去上学(是学生)gototheschool到学校去(不一定是学生)(2)attable在吃饭atthetable在桌子旁(3)atschool在上学attheschool在学校里(4)inclass在上课intheclass在班级里(5)infrontof在(……外部的)前面inthefrontof在(……内部的)前面(6)bysea乘船bythesea在海边(7)inprison在坐牢intheprison在监狱(不一定是犯人)(8)byday在白天bytheday按天计算考点1　不定冠词的用法1.(2021福建,21)—Yuan Longping was 　　　great scientist.  —So he was. He made great contributions to human beings.A.a　　　B.an　　　C.the【答案】　A　本题考查不定冠词。scientist为可数名词,此处表泛指,且great以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故答案为A。2.(2017福建,21)Jack is such 　　　friendly boy. He gets along well with his classmates. A.a　　　B.an　　　C.the【答案】　A　本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处为“such+a/an+adj.+名词单数”结构,又因为friendly是以辅音音素开头,故选A。3.(2021厦门质检,21)Kindle is 　　　app to read e-books on the phone. A.a　　　B.an　　　C.the【答案】　B　句意:Kindle是手机上的一款阅读电子书的应用软件。本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处泛指“一款”,app是以元音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词an。故选B。4.(2020漳州质检,21)—My grandpa often takes a walk after supper.—I think it is 　　　good habit. A.the　　　B.a　　　C.an【答案】　B　句意:——我的祖父经常晚饭后去散步。——我认为这是一种好的习惯。本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处泛指“一个好习惯”,且good是以辅音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词a。故选B。5.(2020泉州泉港质检,21)China plays 　　　important role in global IP (知识产权) protection. A.a　　　B.an　　　C.the【答案】　B　句意:中国在全球知识产权保护方面起着重要的作用。本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处表泛指,且important是以元音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词an。故选B。6.(2018福建,83)He dreamed of being 　　　inventor. 【答案】　an　本题考查不定冠词的用法。由句意可知,他梦想成为一名发明家,所以此处应用不定冠词,由于inventor是以元音音素开头的单词,所以填an。7.(2020福建,84)The frog told her to hold out her fishing net to the sun’s rays and he would sing 　　　magic song. 【答案】　a　本题考查不定冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此空表示“一首神奇的歌”,表泛指,且magic是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以空格处填不定冠词a。故答案为a。8.(2021宁德质检,88)The ox is considered as 　　　symbol of earnestness(认真) in Chinese culture. 【答案】　a　本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处泛指“一种”,a symbol of 一种……的象征,故用不定冠词a。9.(2021三明质检,82)During her vacation, she decided to buy 　　　Casio watch. 【答案】　a　本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处指“一块卡西欧手表”,“Casio”是以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。10.(2021泉州质检,90)You may use them to describe 　　　talented artist, an excellent job candidate, and so on. 【答案】　a　本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处和an excellent job candidate为并列关系,泛指“一个有才华的艺术家”,应填不定冠词,“talented”是读音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。考点2　定冠词的用法1.(2020南平质检,21)—How was 　　　dinner at Mike’s house? —It was great. Mike’s mum made it wonderfully.A.a　　　B.an　　　C.the【答案】　C　句意:——迈克家的晚餐怎么样?——太棒了。迈克的妈妈做得很好。本题考查定冠词用法。这里特指“迈克家的晚饭”,用定冠词the。故选C。2.(2020三明质检,21)—Can I have a look at 　　　iPhone you bought yesterday? —Sure! Here you are.A.a　　　B.an　　　C.the【答案】　C　本题考查定冠词用法。根据句意可知,此处特指“昨天买的那部苹果手机”,应该用定冠词the。故选C。3. (2021福建,82)But it’s becoming one of 　　　most popular sports around the world. 【答案】　the　设空处后面的most popular为形容词的最高级,形容词的最高级前应加定冠词the。故填the。4.(2019福建,90)But 　　　whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever. 【答案】　the　本题考查定冠词用法。the whole+n.=all the+n.意为“整个……”,为固定短语,故填the。5.(2017福建,89)People in ancient times believed that 　　　plant could drive away evil (邪恶的)spirits and prevent them from catching an illness in winter. 【答案】　the　本题考查定冠词用法。句意:古时候人们认为这种植物能驱邪,而且能防止他们冬天染上疾病。分析句子成分可知,空格处修饰名词plant,且这里特指某种植物,应用定冠词,故填the。6.(2021福州质检,90)They hope that 　　　story will encourage others to “do their bit with the environment even if it’s one small change”. 【答案】　the　本题考查定冠词用法。由语境可知,此处表示“这个故事”,为特指,故用定冠词the。7.(2021莆田质检,88)Be sure we treat everyone with dignity(尊严),for they’re worthy to be treated 　　　way you want to be treated. 【答案】　the　本题考查定冠词用法。此处特指“你希望被对待的方式”,故用定冠词the。8.(2021南平质检, 84)It tells the story of people who moved from mountains in Ningxia to the plains(平原)to build new homes in 　　　1990s. 【答案】　the　本题考查定冠词用法。in the 1990s在20世纪90年代,故填the。综合练1.(2021江苏扬州,1改编)As　　　teacher, it’s important to be　　　 good role model for their students. A.the;a　　　B.a;the　　　C.a;a【答案】　C　本题考查冠词。根据语境可知这两处都表泛指,用不定冠词。故答案为C。2.(2021云南,21改编)Paper is 　　　useful invention. It was invented around 2,000 years ago by Cai Lun. A.a　　　B.an　　　C.the【答案】　A　本题考查冠词。空后的invention(发明)为可数名词单数,在本句中表泛指,前面用不定冠词。useful是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以冠词用a, 故选A。3.(2021甘肃武威,Ⅰ,1改编)Jim started to play 　　　violin when he was five.  A.a　　　B.the　　　C./【答案】　B　本题考查冠词。在play后表示乐器的词前面要加定冠词the,故选B。4.(2021江苏连云港,1改编)—Shall we play　　　basketball this afternoon? —Good idea! Do you have　　　basketball? A.a;a　　　B./;/　　　C./;a【答案】　C　本题考查冠词的用法。第一空处是指“打篮球”这项运动,球类运动前面一般不加冠词,所以排除A项。第二空处是指有“篮球”这个事物,填不定冠词a,表示数量“一”。故选C。5.(2021黑龙江齐齐哈尔,1)—Jenny, what did you buy for your father on Father’s Day?—I bought 　　　unusual gift for him. And he was quite happy when he received it. A.a　　　B.an　　　C.the【答案】　B　考查冠词。此处泛指“一件不寻常的礼物”,且设空处后单词以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。故选B。6.(2021四川成都,35)Everyone needs to know 　　　importance of rubbish sorting(分类). A.an　　　B./　　　C.the【答案】　C　本题考查冠词。the importance of...表示“……的重要性”,故选C。7.(2021天津,21改编)This is 　　　story of friendship. Let’s read 　　　story together. A.a;an　　　B.an;the　　　C.a;the【答案】　C　本题考查冠词。第一个空填a,用于第一次提到的事物前,且story以辅音音素开头。第二个空填the,特指上文已经提过的人或事物,故选C。8.(2021新疆,26改编)—Who is　　　 man in front of the post office? —The one with　　　 umbrella?He is our English teacher. A.the;a　　　B.the;an　　　C.a;an【答案】　B　本题考查冠词。句意:——邮局前面的那个人是谁?——拿雨伞的那个吗?他是我们的英语老师。第一空指邮局前面的那个人,表特指,故用定冠词the。第二空泛指一把雨伞,且umbrella以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an,故选B。9.(2021重庆,21改编)Taking the train is 　　　good way to see the world. A.a　　　B.an　　　C./【答案】　A　本题考查冠词的用法。good是以辅音音素开头的单词,way是可数名词单数,本题强调“一个好的方式”,表泛指,用不定冠词a,故选A。10.(2021湖南怀化,21)—Did you see　　　 movie Hi, Mom yesterday? —Yes, I did. It’s great.A.a　　　B.an　　　C.the【答案】　C　本题考查冠词。设空处后说出了电影的具体名字,是特指,应用定冠词the。故答案为C。考点1名词的数情况方法例词一般情况加－sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加－esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为i再加－esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母＋y结尾加－sboys，toys以f或fe结尾多变f或fe为v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加－sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加－sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加－esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes自身变化的名词child孩子→children，man男人→men，tooth牙→teeth, foot脚；英尺→ feet，mouse老鼠→mice，phenomenon现象→phenomena，medium传播媒介→media单复数同形名词Chinese中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits合成名词son－in－law→sons－in－law，passer－by→passers－by, story－teller→story－tellers考点2名词所有格考点1冠词的分类和基本用法考点2冠词的常见搭配不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时Animals can’t live without water.Horses are helpful animals.某些专有名词(如人名、地名、国家名等)、物质名词和抽象名词表示泛指时China is a great country.Mary lives in New York.Paper is made from wood.名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时Every student likes English in our class.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前This is Professor Li.在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前I went to school without breakfast this morning.He often plays football after school.由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前Nanjing RoadHainan Island与by连用的交通工具名称前by car,by train在节假日名称前New Year’s Day,Women’s Day