课时04.形容词、副词-中考英语四轮总复习（仁爱版）

第四课时　形容词和副词形容词和副词是中考的必考点，主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生。考查重点主要分布在： ①形容词和副词的转换　　②常见形容词固定搭配 ③形容词和副词的比较等级  ④同源副词的词义辨析 考点1形容词、副词的句法功能及相互转换1.形容词、副词的句法功能2．名词、动词转化为形容词的后缀后缀例词－ablecomfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的forget→forgettable易被忘记的－almusic→musical音乐的person→personal个人的nature→natural自然的 －fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful 和平的care→careful仔细的－edfrighten→frightened害怕的－ingsurprise→surprising令人吃惊的－ibleterror→terrible可怕的－iveact→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的－oushumour→humorous幽默的danger→dangerous危险的－yhealth→healthy健康的wind→windy多风的rain→rainy多雨的－erneast→eastern东方的； 向东的west→western西方的－ishfool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的【名师指津】　以－ed 结尾的形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人； 以－ing结尾的形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令……的”，通常修饰物或事。3．形容词转化为副词He made a very interesting speech last week.他上周做了一次非常有趣的演讲。Listen to me carefully, please.请认真听我说。1.My grandparents live 　　　　　　(peace) in the countryside and they like the life there. 2.At present, smart mobile phones are 　　　　　　(wide) used in our daily lives. 3.Douyin, which is 　　　　　　(sudden) everywhere on the Internet, is making its way into our lives. 4.It’s 　　　　　　(high) possible that humans have to move to Mars in the future. 5.Once a week my business suit is 　　　　　　(smooth) ironed.  考点2形容词、副词的比较等级一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的词形变化1．规则变化 词形分类及变化方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加－er或－esttalltallertallest以e结尾的，只加－r或－stnicenicernicest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加－er或－estbighotfatbiggerhotterfatterbiggesthottestfattest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加－er或－esthappyeasyhappiereasierhappiesteasiest 其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultmoredifficultmostdifficult2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad (badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest二、形容词和副词的比较等级的用法1．平级比较(1)“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”与“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”表示同级比较。The book is not so/as difficult as you imagine.这本书不是你想象的那么难。 (2)as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as表同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。I watched him become as tender and caring a father as he was a son.我看着他从一个温柔、体贴的儿子成长为一个同样温柔、体贴的父亲。2．比较级(1)比较级的常见结构①比较级＋than：表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。She doesn’t work harder than you.她工作不如你努力。②more/fewer/less＋名词＋than：比……多/少I have more new books than my cousin.我的新书比我表弟的新书多。【名师指津】　比较级的修饰语有：rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。(2)比较级的特殊结构①The＋比较级．..，the ＋比较级．..表示“越……，就越……”The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，你犯的错误就会越少。②“比较级＋比较级”和“more and more＋多音节词原级”表示“越来越……”Our city becomes more and more beautiful.我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。3．最高级(1)表达最高级意义的常见结构主语＋谓语＋the ＋最高级＋表示范围的状语(of the students, in the class等)。 This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个苹果中最大的一个。(2)表达最高级意义的特殊结构(比较级形式表示最高级意义)①never...a(n)＋比较级＋可数名词单数I have never read a better book than this.这是我读过的最好的一本书。②否定词＋比较级＝最高级—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗？—No.It couldn’t have been worse.不。再糟糕不过了。③Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.＝Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.＝Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.＝Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.＝Julia is the tallest girl in her class.Julia是她班上最高的女生。Ⅰ.单项选择1Jogging is 　　　than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes.  A.cheap　　   B.cheaperC.cheapest　　  D.the cheapest2.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me.—That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year. A.much heavier　　   B.heavy enoughC.much lighter　　   D.light enough3.—What is the world’s 　　　mountain? —Mount Qomolangma.A.lower　　   B.lowestC.higher　　  D.highest4.—Is Larry as 　　　as Oliver? —No, he isn’t. Larry is shorter.A.taller　　   B.tall　　   C.the tallest5.—I don’t really like big cities.—Neither do I. I feel much 　　　in the countryside. A.free　　   B.freerC.freest　　  D.the freest考点3倍数表达法 表示倍数的句型：(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B(2)A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B题组训练　根据汉语提示完成句子①There is nothing           in today’s newspaper. 今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。②His idea sounds          .他的主意听起来很棒。 ③He is as           as his father.他和他的父亲一样高。 ④The film is too          .这部电影太无聊了。 ⑤It is even           today.今天甚至更冷了。 ⑥Suzhou is becoming 　         　 　         　 　         　 　         　.苏州变得越来越美丽。⑦This picture is the 　          of all.这幅画是所有的画中最好的。⑧She is the second 　         　 girl in our class.她是我们班第二高的女生。随堂练习考点1　形容词词义辨析1.(2021福建,27)Photos are 　　　, but they say a lot about our lives.  A.special　　　B.strange　　　C.silent2.(2021南平二模,26)Miss Liu always spends much time explaining things to us. She is so 　　　. A.silent　　　B.patient　　　C.rude3.(2021莆田二模,25)We can’t depend on our parents too much. It’s 　　　for them to do everything for us. A.impolite　　　B.important　　　C.impossible4.(2021福州二模,26)The paint on the wall is not as 　　　as it was ten years ago. It has changed from white to grey. A.wet　　　B.heavy　　　C.bright5.(2021宁德二模,23)—Have you heard of the China-US high-level strategic dialogue on March 18th, 2021?—Certainly, I 　　　what Chinese officials said. They are really Chinese idols(偶像). A.am angry with  B.am proud of   C.am strict with6.(2020福建,24)—I hear your uncle and aunt have moved to the countryside.—Yes. They think the life in the countryside is more 　　　. A.similar　　　  B.boring　　　  C.peaceful7.(2020福建,30)My grandma 　　　the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team and watches almost all their matches on TV. A.is crazy about　　　B.is good for   C.is strict with8.(2019福建,26)More and more people have realized that clear waters and green mountains are as 　　　as mountains of gold and silver. A.central　　　  B.special　　　  C.valuable9.(2018福建,28)—How 　　　!There are no workers in the bank. —It’s the first self-service bank in China.A.strange　　　  B.scary　　　  C.boring10.(2017福建,27)TFBOYS has a lot of fans. It 　　　thousands of young people. A.is popular with  B.is satisfied with  C.is strict with11.(2021福建,84)Tai chi is a mix of breathing, meditation(冥想)and 　　　　　　/sləʊ/ movements. 12.(2021福建,89)You can also take an 　　　　　　/ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ class and try tai chi at home. 13.(2020福建,82)There was a famine (饥荒) and everybody was very 　　　　　　/ˈhʌŋɡri/. 14.(2017福建,82)The festival started as 　　　　　　/ˈɜːli/ as the Warring States Period(475—221 BC). 15.(2021漳州二模,89)Reading to horses is 　　　　　　/fʌn/ for the kids. 16.(2021龙岩二模,84)In the 70-sq-km Wuyi Mountain, tourists can enjoy many 　　　　　/ˈspeʃl/ and unique natural features. 考点2　副词词义辨析1.(2020福建,27)The kid is doing his lessons 　　　in order to pass the test. A.wildly　　　B.carefully　　　C.lazily2.(2019福建,30)—You are singing to the plants!—That’s true. I believe it helps them grow 　　　. A.slower　　　B.better　　　C.harder3.(2017福建,24)—Joan has made great progress in speaking Chinese.—She 　　　works hard at it, you know. A.never　　　B.seldom　　　C.always4.(2021漳州二模,30)—Nowadays some people are always busy checking their mobile phones while getting together.—So it is. They should put down phones and have more talks 　　　. A.already　　　B.instead　　　C.aloud5.(2021龙岩二模,27)—The boys are talking about Chang’e-5 　　　. —Yes. They are interested in space.A.happily　　　B.sadly　　　C.angrily6.(2021莆田二模,27)—What do you think of the film Hi, Mom?—Wonderful! I’m 　　　moved by the great mother’s love. A.deeply　　　B.nearly　　　C.widely7.(2021宁德二模,18)—Mom, why do we 　　　order food on apps? —My baby, I’m afraid take-away food is not good for our bodies.A.seldom　　　B.sometimes　　　C.always8.(2020三明质检,26)—Mum, why do we 　　　eat out? —Honey, home cooking is healthier.A.seldom　　　B.always　　　C.often9.(2020泉州质检,28)—Listen! It is raining 　　　outside. —Wow, look! The yard is full of rainwater now!A.heavily　　　B.strongly　　　C.slowly考点3　形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1.(2021福建,24)Children usually play this kind of word game 　　　than grown-ups. A.well　　　B.better　　　C.best2.(2018福建,24)Tony is the best student in the class because he works 　　　than the others. A.hard　　　B.harder　　　C.hardest3.(2021漳州二模,25)A mobile phone with 5G can send videos 　　　than the one with 4G. A.fast  B.faster  C.the fastest4.(2020宁德质检,21)The 2020’s Spring Festival is 　　　Chinese New Year I’ve ever had. A.quiet  B.quieter  C.the quietest5.(2020南平质检,34)—Which do you prefer, Chinese food or Western food?—Chinese food. Because I think Western food is 　　　Chinese food. A.as delicious as   B.not as delicious as   C.more delicious than6.(2020惠安质检,33)—Tom is 6 and he is 　　　his sister, Jane. How old is Jane? —Three.A.twice as old as   B.two years older than   C.three years younger than7.(2019福建,86)His paper was 　　　　　　(strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before. 8.(2017福建,83)Among the numbers from zero to nine, nine is the 　　　　　　(high) odd number(奇数). 9.(2021宁德二模,87)In The Book of Songs(《诗经》), the 　　　　　　(old) existing(存在的) collection of Chinese poetry, the animal was mentioned in nine out of the 305 pieces. 考点4　形容词、副词的构词法1.(2021福建,85)As you make your movements, you breathe 　　　　　　(deep) and naturally with meditation. 2.(2020福建,85)She was 　　　　　　(great)surprised to see the rays of sunshine falling through the net. 3.(2019福建,82)Writing materials were 　　　　　　(real) expensive and few people learned to read. 4.(2018福建,89)Today, Dr. Lonnie Johnson has more than 100 　　　　　　(use)inventions. 5.(2021漳州二模,88)This way, they can see themselves in the stories 　　　　　　(happy). 6.(2021福州二模,89)At least one study suggests that the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean could melt 　　　　　　(complete) during the summer by the year 2035. 7.(2021宁德二模,89)When someone does something 　　　　　　(success) through hard work, people often use “niu” to describe him or her. 8.(2020厦门质检,89)Fireworks can also be a useful expression. It means a great show of 　　　　　　(noise) anger. 9.(2020福州毕业班适应性训练,88)It’s also a tradition to eat Double Ninth cakes during the festival to wish for a peaceful and 　　　　　　(comfort) life. 综合练1.(2021江苏扬州,24改编)I can’t believe you made the lifelike cat out of paper. How　　　 you are! A.loyal　　　B.creative　　　C.helpful2.(2021湖北武汉,38改编)—Does the store have good fame?—Yes, the prices here are always very fair. The owner just wants to make a(n) 　　　living.  A.honest　　　  B.healthy　　　 C.relaxing3.(2021云南,30改编)—Hello, Jenny. I can’t find my math book 　　　. Did you see it? —Sorry, I didn’t.A.everywhere　　　 B.anywhere　　　 C.somewhere4.(2021安徽,22改编)The dancing teacher gives us instructions 　　　until we are perfect in every move. A.patiently　　　  B.quickly　　　 C.bravely5.(2021甘肃武威,Ⅰ,8改编)I can’t keep up with him—he runs 　　　than me.  A.much faster　　　 B.even worse  C.more carefully6.(2021河北,38改编)—What is the world’s 　　　mountain? —Mount Qomolangma.A.lower　　　  B.lowest　　　 C.highest7.(2021吉林,29)Kelly, don’t go out, please. It’s raining 　　　. A.slowly　　　  B.heavily　　　 C.luckily8.(2021江西,27改编)—Are you going to the airport by bus?—I’d rather take a taxi. It’s 　　　. A.quicker　　　  B.cheaper　　　 C.higher9.(2021辽宁本溪,8改编)Learn 　　　, and you will be a successful learner. A.wisely　　　  B.lazily　　　 C.quickly10.(2021内蒙古包头,25改编)It is very 　　　for passengers to use e-tickets when they are taking high-speed trains. A.peaceful　　　  B.basic　　　  C.convenient11.(2021江苏南京,5改编)Jogging is 　　　than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes. A.cheap　　　  B.cheaper　　　 C.the cheapest12.(2021天津,23改编)It is 　　　to say “thank you” very often, even to family members. A.polite　　　  B.rude　　　  C.dangerous13.(2021重庆,29改编)Protecting ourselves is one of 　　　things we must do. A.important　　　  B.more important C.the most important14.(2021新疆,30改编)—Do you know that Tom is one of　　　 students in his class? —Yes, I do. He’s as　　　 as my brother. A.the tallest;taller　　　B.tallest;taller  C.the tallest;tall15.(2021湖南邵阳,23)—Our final examination is coming and we are so busy.—I agree. We have more exercises to do and 　　　time to rest now. A.more　　　  B.fewer　　　 C.less16.(2020河北,36改编)Helen is the 　　　person in her family. Her two elder sisters are both married. A.young　　　  B.younger　　　 C.youngest17.(2020贵州贵阳,45)If we are interested in something, our brain is 　　　and it is also easier for us to pay attention to it for a long time. A.active　　　  B.more active  C.the most active18.(2020广东深圳,2)—Your English teacher is very 　　　. —Exactly. She always tells us jokes and she is very popular with us.A.friendly　　　  B.outgoing　　　 C.funny19.(2020浙江温州,4改编)—It’s 　　　today. Let’s go to the beach. —Sounds great!Don’t forget your sunglasses.A.rainy　　　  B.windy　　　 C.sunny20.(2020海南,30)Although it is raining 　　　, the policemen are still on duty in the street. A.clearly　　　  B.directly　　　  C.heavily21.(2020天津,27改编)Because people can find information on the Internet, knowledge spreads 　　　. A.quickly　　　  B.loudly　　　  C.nearly22.(2020山西,25)You can bravely tell others what you think if you have different ideas. But 　　　remember to choose the proper way. A.never　　　  B.seldom　　　  C.always23.(2020北京, 6改编)Zhaozhou Bridge is one of the 　　　stone bridges in the world. A.old　　　   B.older　　　   C.oldest24.(2020重庆, 24改编)What a 　　　boy! He worked out such a difficult math problem. A.strong　　　  B.kind　　　   C.clever25.(2020安徽, 24改编)—China has formed a deep friendship with countries around the world.—That’s true. We are working 　　　together in many fields. A.closely　　　  B.nervously   C.humorously26.(2020江西, 31改编)I’m pretty good at tennis. Actually, I’m probably 　　　in the club. A.good　　　   B.better　　　  C.the best27.(2020海南, 28)Uncle Liang has a great collection of 　　　watches. A.enjoyable　　　  B.valuable