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课时05.谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致-中考英语四轮总复习(仁爱版)
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第五讲 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
动词时态历来是中考考查的重点。动词时态考查虽多,但考向非常集中, 最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时,其次是现在完成时, 其他时态考查相对较少。因此备考重点是:
①动词时态的基本用法 ②动词语态的基本用法 ③主谓一致
考点1
动词的时态
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
现在时
过去时
将来时
一般时
do/does
did
shall/will do、be going to do
进行时
am/is/are doing
was/were doing
完成时
have/has done
had done
1.一般时态
(1)一般现在时
①表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时
①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
(3)一般将来时
①“will/shall+动词原形”表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,即单纯的将来事实。
I shall call you as soon as I arrive.我一到就给你打电话。
They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.他们可能去上海度假。
②一般将来时的常用结构
·用于“I expect, I’m sure, I think, I wonder+宾语从句”中
·用于“祈使句+and+陈述句”中
·与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用
Don’t worry about the exam.I’m sure you’ll pass.不要担心这次考试,我确信你会通过的。
If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮助你的。
③表示一般将来时的特殊结构
·be going to do sth表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。
He is going to speak on TV this evening.他今晚要在电视上讲话。
Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.看这些乌云,要下雨了。
When are you to leave/leaving for home?你什么时候回家?
1.Before the sun , we need to get to the top of the mountain.
A.set B.sets C.is setting D.will set
【答案】 B 本题考查动词的时态。此处讲的是将来的情况,但是在before引导的时间状语从句中需要用一般现在时表示将来。the sun是第三人称单数,故选B项。
2.—I don't know when he the airport tomorrow. If I get his flight number, I will let you know.
—OK. Thank you.
A.reached B.will reach
C.was reaching D.reaches
【答案】 B 本题考查动词的时态。设空处主句是一般现在时,宾语从句中时间状语tomorrow要求谓语动词用一般将来时,故选B。
3.—What did our geography teacher say?
—She told us that the earth around the sun.
A.moves B.moved
C.has moved D.was moving
【答案】 A 本题考查动词的时态。当谈到客观真理时,动词用一般现在时态。故选A。
2.进行时态
(1)现在进行时(am/is/are+现在分词)
①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He is working on a paper.他在写一篇论文。
②表示位置转移的动词可用进行时代替将来时。这样的动词有go,come,start,leave,arrive,begin,return等。
I’m leaving for Beijing next month.我下个月要去北京。
(2)过去进行时(was/were+现在分词)
过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他在读一本有趣的书。
3现在完成时态
(1)现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)
①表示一个动作开始于过去,一直持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有:lately,recently,in the last(past) few days/years,since then,up to now,so far等。
In the past few years,great changes have taken place in my hometown.在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
②表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有:already,ever,just(刚刚),yet等。
He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)他已经关掉灯了。
③在“最高级+名词”或“It/This is+the+序数词+time”之后的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成时。
This is the first time(that)I have come here.这是我第一次来这里。
【易混辨析】
have gone to
意为“去某地了”,表示此人现在还在那里没有回来。
have been to
意为“去过某地”,表示此人已经回来了。
1.—Our computer is working again!
—Yes. Our IT teacher it. It took him about an hour.
A.has fixed B.will fix
C.is fixing D.was fixing
【答案】 A 本题考查动词的时态。根据is working again可知,电脑已经修好了。故此处用现在完成时,选A。
2.—The air here is much fresher than before.
—Exactly!We a lot of trees in the past few years.
A.planted B.were planting
C.have planted D.will plant
【答案】 C 本题考查动词的时态。由时间状语in the past few years可知,本句中的谓语动词用现在完成时,故选C。
3.—It's ten years since we came here.
—How time flies! We in China for so long.
A.work B.worked
C.will work D.have worked
【答案】 D 本题考查动词的时态。因为时间状语是for so long,表示一段时间,故用现在完成时。
考点1 动词的时态
1.(2021福建,28)Hurry up! Mr. Brown for us in the meeting room at the moment.
A.is waiting B.will wait C.waited
【答案】 A 句意:快点! 现在布朗先生此刻正在会议室等我们。本题考查现在进行时。由“Hurry up!”及“at the moment”可知,本题应该用现在进行时,故答案为A。
2.(2020福建,25)Han Mei, a good friend of mine, me a lot with my English in the past three years.
A.helps B.helped
C.has helped
【答案】 C 句意:韩梅是我的一个好朋友,她在过去的三年里在英语方面帮了我很多。本题考查动词的时态。由该句的时间状语in the past three years可知,此处应用现在完成时。故选C。
3.(2019福建,32)—Look! My mother a new dress for me.
—Wow, it looks very nice on you.
A.is making B.has made C.will make
【答案】 B 句意:——看!我妈妈为我做了一条新连衣裙。——哇,它穿在你身上看起来很漂亮。本题考查动词的时态。由语境可知,本句强调妈妈为我做新连衣裙的行为对当下的影响,故选B。
4.(2018福建,30)China great achievements in science and technology since 1978.
A.makes B.made C.has made
【答案】 C 句意:自从1978年以来,中国已经在科学与技术上取得了伟大的成就。本题考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“since 1978”可知应用现在完成时,故选C。
5.(2017福建,26)—Do you know the Color Run, a five-kilometer race?
—Yes. So far it into quite a few cities in our country.
B.came C.has come
【答案】 C 本题考查动词的时态。so far意为“迄今为止,至今”,是现在完成时的标志,故选C。
6.(2021南平二模,32)—When did your uncle leave his hometown?
—He for nearly twenty years.
A.left B.has left C.has been away
【答案】 C 本题考查动词的时态。由题干中的时间状语for nearly twenty years可知此处强调离开的状态持续20年,应用现在完成时;leave是非延续性动词,不可与时间段搭配,故排除B;be away表示状态,可以与时间段搭配,故选C。
7.(2021莆田二模,33)Recently,China great victories in its fight against poverty(贫困).
A.win B.has won C.had won
【答案】 B 本题考查动词的时态。由题干中的时间状语Recently可知,应用现在完成时,故选B。
8.(2021福州二模,34)Even though the snowstorm is on its way, it a day or two to reach our city.
A.takes B.will take C.has taken
【答案】 B 本题考查动词的基本时态。由上文中的“暴风雪还在路上”可知,此处应用一般将来时,故选B。
9.(2020福建,88)Rice (be) always the main food for the Chinese.
【答案】 is 句意:米饭一直是中国人的主食。本题考查动词的时态。此句陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语Rice为不可数名词,故填is。
10.(2021宁德二模,85)The ox /pleɪz/ an important part in Chinese culture.
【答案】 plays 本题考查动词的时态。该句陈述事实,故应用一般现在时;The ox为第三人称单数,结合音标可知填plays。
考点2 动词过去式和过去分词变化
1.(2020福建,83)However, it was the King of Frogs (青蛙) that she /kɔːt/.
【答案】 caught 句意:然而,她抓到的是青蛙王。由语境及音标可知填caught。
2.(2019福建,87)With Cai Lun’s papermaking method, Chinese culture /ɡruː/ more rapidly over the next several centuries.
【答案】 grew 句意:有了蔡伦的造纸术,中国文化在接下来的几个世纪中迅速发展。结合音标及语境可知填grew。
3.(2021福州二模,83)They /θɔːt/ it wouldn’t be found for another 30—50 years.
【答案】 thought 由语境可知本空表示“认为”,结合音标可知填thought。
4.(2021宁德二模,82)But why was the ox /ˈtʃəʊzn/ to be one of the 12 Chinese zodiac signs (生肖)?
【答案】 chosen 句意:但是为什么牛被选为十二生肖之一呢?结合音标可知填chosen。
53综合练
1.(2021江苏苏州,6改编)The documentary A Plastic Ocean is so impressive that I it several times so far.
A.watched B.watch C.have watched
【答案】 C 本题考查现在完成时。根据时间状语so far及several times可知,应用现在完成时。故选C。
2.(2021湖北武汉,29改编)—We very simply and do not spend much money on food.
—That’s why you’re called the Greens.
A.eat B.ate C.will eat
【答案】 A 本题考查动词时态。and连接的并列成分时态一致,故根据do not spend可以判断设空处也用一般现在时。故选A。
3.(2021安徽,27改编)—Our computer is working again!
—Yes. Our IT teacher it. It took him about an hour.
A.has fixed B.will fix C.was fixing
【答案】 A 句意:——我们的电脑又工作了!——是的。我们的信息技术老师已经把它修好了。他花了大约一小时。本题考查动词时态。根据is working again可知,电脑已经修好了,故此处用现在完成时。故选A。
4.(2021北京,7改编)—Peter, what are you doing?
—Oh, I a report about national heroes.
A.will write B.am writing C.have written
【答案】 B 本题考查动词的时态。由问句可知,设空处要用现在进行时,故选B。
5.(2021海南,34)—Jerry, can you give me a hand?
—Just a minute. I an e-mail.
A.have sent B.am sending C.was sending
【答案】 B 本题考查动词的时态。由语境可判断,此处表示“我”正在发一封电子邮件,用现在进行时。故选B。
6.(2021河北,35改编)I saw Bob in the garden. He flowers there.
A.has watered B.is watering C.was watering
【答案】 C 本题考查过去进行时。根据语境可知,“我”看见Bob的时候,他正在浇花,应用进行时;由前句谓语动词saw可知,此事发生在过去,应用过去进行时,故答案为C。
7.(2021黑龙江齐齐哈尔,5)I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call because I online.
A.was studying B.studied C.am studying
【答案】 A 本题考查动词的时态。根据语境分析和didn’t可知,(当时)没接到电话,是因为(那时)正在线上学习,应用过去进行时。故选A。
8.(2021云南,34改编)The documentary Aerial China(《航拍中国》) is wonderful. So far, I it three times.
A.watched B.will watch C.have watched
【答案】 C 本题考查动词的时态。 本句中的时间状语So far是现在完成时的标志词,故选C。
9.(2021吉林,31)Mr. Green a new bike for his daughter tomorrow.
A.buys B.bought C.will buy
【答案】 C 本题考查动词的时态。根据时间状语tomorrow可知用一般将来时,故选C。
10.(2021江西,26改编)—How do we turn on the oven?
—I you;weren’t you listening?
A.tell B.am telling C.have told
【答案】 C 本题考查动词的时态。根据设空处后面的“难道你之前没在听吗?”可知此处表示“我”已经告诉过你了,应用现在完成时,故选C。
11.(2021四川成都,34)The spirit of the ox(牛) an important role for China’s development this year.
A.is playing B.was playing C.played
【答案】 A 本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的时间状语this year,结合语境可知用现在进行时,故选A。
12.(2021辽宁本溪,13改编)—The classroom is so quiet.
—Yes, all the students for the final exam.
A.prepared B.will prepare C.are preparing
【答案】 C 本题考查现在进行时。由“The classroom is so quiet.”可知,此处描述的是此时此刻正在发生的事情,应用现在进行时。故答案为C。
13.(2021江苏南京,6改编)I saw Julia in April and I her since then.
A.don’t see B.didn’t see C.haven’t seen
【答案】 C 本题考查现在完成时。根据时间状语since then可知,此句用现在完成时。故选C。
14.(2021内蒙古包头,31改编)—Did you see Dorothy? She just came back from abroad.
—Yes. But she someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
A.phones B.is phoning C.was phoning
【答案】 C 本题考查过去进行时。由“so I nodded to her and went away”可知,那时候Dorothy正在打电话,应用进行时。由谓语动词“nodded”可知,这件事发生在过去,应用过去进行时。故答案为C。
15.(2021天津,31改编)—Where is Mum?
—In the living room. She a book at the moment.
A.was reading B.is reading C.has read
【答案】 B 本题考查现在进行时。at the moment是现在进行时态的时间状语。故选B。
考点2
动词的语态
1.被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数和句子时态的不同而变化。
现在
过去
将来
一般
is/am/are done
was/were done
will/shall be done
进行
is/am/are being done
was/were being done
完成
have/has been done
had been done
2.主动形式表被动意义
(1)“系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste 等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构。
The steel feels cold.钢摸起来很凉。
(2)动词need, require, want, be worth后加动词-ing形式的主动结构表被动意义。
My watch can’t work; it needs repairing.我的手表不能用了,需要修了。
1.(2021福建,31)Many research labs in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.
A.are building B.will be built C.were built
【答案】 B 本题考查时态和语态。句子的主语 Many research labs 是谓语动词build动作的承受者,所以用被动语态;由时间状语 in the next 5 years可知,时态为一般将来时。故答案为B。
2.(2020福建,32)—Your hometown is famous for tea, right?
—Yes. Now tea plants on most mountains here.
A.will grow B.are grown C.were grown
【答案】 B 句意:——你的家乡因茶叶而出名,是吗?——是的。现在这里茶树被种在大多数山上。本题考查时态和语态。主语tea plants与grow为被动关系,又因为时间状语是now,所以谓语动词应当用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
3.(2019福建,34)As one of the most exciting sports, volleyball in the Olympic Games in 1964.
A.included B.is included C.was included
【答案】 C 句意:作为最激动人心的运动之一,排球在1964年被纳入奥运会中。本题考查动词的时态和语态。volleyball与include之间是被动关系,结合题干中的“in 1964”可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选C。
4.(2018福建,32)Paper-making by the Chinese in the Western Han Dynasty(朝代).
A.is invented B.invented C.was invented
【答案】 C 句意:造纸术是由中国人在西汉时发明的。本题考查动词的时态和语态。因句子主语“Paper-making”是动作的承受者,故使用被动语态,先排除B。因时间状语是“in the Western Han Dynasty”,故应使用一般过去时的被动语态,故选C。
5.(2017福建,31)Eleven Chinese films during the 7th Chinese Film Festival in France last month.
A.showed B.are shown C.were shown
【答案】 C 本题考查动词的时态和语态。由时间状语last month可知时态为一般过去时,故排除B。再根据films与show之间是被动关系可知,本题选C。
6.(2021福州二模,31)The Lunar New Year not only by the Chinese but also by the Japanese.
A.is celebrated B.was celebrated C.will be celebrated
【答案】 A 本题考查被动语态的结构。主语The Lunar New Year与谓语动词celebrate为被动关系,又因为句子陈述事实,应当用一般现在时的被动语态,故选A。
7.(2021宁德二模,27)The 2022 Winter Olympics in China. I hope the Chinese athletes will win more medals for our country.
A.held B.are held C.will be held
【答案】 C 本题考查被动语态的用法。主语The 2022 Winter Olympics与谓语动词hold为被动关系,由2022可知应当用一般将来时的被动语态,故选C。
8.(2021厦门二模,30)Ang Lee for a lifetime achievement(成就) award by Oscar.
A.praises B.is praised C.has praised
【答案】 B 本题考查被动语态的用法。主语Ang Lee与praise为被动关系。故选B。
9.(2021龙岩二模,33)—Perfect photos!
—Thank you. They by my HUAWEI mobile phone.
A.took B.were taken C.will be taken
【答案】 B 本题考查被动语态的用法。主语They与take为被动关系,根据语境可知,要用一般过去时的被动语态,故选B。
10.(2021福建,81)Tai chi is a symbol of Chinese culture. It was first (develop)in China as wushu, but it’s becoming one of the most popular sports around the world.
【答案】 developed 根据题干可知,句子的主语It和谓语动词develop为被动关系,所以用被动语态;设空处前已有was,所以本空只填过去分词。故填 developed。
11.(2017福建,91)It is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. It’s also (call)the Double Ninth Festival.
【答案】 called 本题考查被动语态。主语It指代这个节日,与谓语动词call为被动关系。sth. be called+n.某物被称为……。
综合练
1.(2021江苏扬州,13改编)—Do we have to read anything next week, Mr. Wu?
—Sure. You to read Black Beauty from page 58 to 85.
A.were expected B.will expect C.are expected
【答案】 C 本题考查时态和语态。根据题干可知,句子的主语You与expect之间构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由问句可知,设空处所在句子也应该用一般现在时,故答案为C。
2.(2021湖北武汉,31改编)—Did you notice the students a few why questions in Mr. Zhang’s class?
—Yes, I think he wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.
A.are asked B.have been asked C.were asked
【答案】 C 本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据Did you notice判断设空处所在的宾语从句用一般过去时;students与ask之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
3.(2021北京,11改编)Today, many winter Olympic sports even by children.
A.enjoy B.were enjoyed C.are enjoyed
【答案】 C 本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据时间状语Today可知应用一般现在时;sports与enjoy之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。故选C。
4.(2021海南,37)The play Teahouse by the famous Chinese writer Lao She.
A.wrote B.was writing C.was written
【答案】 C 考查被动语态。主语The play Teahouse与动词write之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,故选C。
5.(2021河北,39改编)These gifts by children in their last summer holiday.
A.made B.were made C.are made
【答案】 B 本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处是谓语,由后面的by可知此处应该用被动语态。由时间状语 in their last summer holiday可知,此处应用一般过去时。故答案为B。
6.(2021吉林,33)—Let’s eat some snacks.
—Better not. Eating in the library.
A.are not allowed B.doesn’t allow C.is not allowed
【答案】 C 考查被动语态。“吃东西”和“允许”之间是被动关系,故用被动语态;主语为Eating,因此be动词用is。故选C。
7.(2021江西,28改编)The man did a great job in fighting against COVID-19. He on TV and becomes widely known.
A.has interviewed B.was interviewed C.will be interviewed
【答案】 B 本题考查被动语态和时态。He与interview之间是被动关系,根据他变得很出名可知采访发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态,故选B。
8.(2021辽宁本溪,9改编)The videos about cooking tell us how food .
A.makes B.is made C.was made
【答案】 B 本题考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,从句的主语food与动词make构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由主句的时态是一般现在时和从句意思可知,从句时态也应是一般现在时,故答案为B。
9.(2021内蒙古包头,34改编)Tea from China began to be sent abroad more than a thousand years ago and since then it to the world.
A.was known B.is known C.has been known
【答案】 C 本题考查时态和语态。由时间状语“since then”可知,本句应用现在完成时。根据题意可知,it与know构成被动关系,应用被动语态,所以本句为现在完成时的被动语态。it为第三人称单数,助动词应用has。故答案为C。
10.(2021江苏南京,9改编)Our school library with plants, lovely desks and chairs, so I feel relaxed while studying or reading there.
A.decorates B.decorated C.is decorated
【答案】 C 本题考查被动语态。主语Our school library和谓语动词decorate之间是被动关系,所以此处应用被动语态,故选C。
考点3
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,一般遵循三个原则,即:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
1.当and连接两个或多个名词或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends.Tom和Mike是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.Lucy和Lily都是学生。
2.either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,
everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都为运动会做好了准备。
3.each,each...and each...,every...and every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书。
4.在下列结构中,谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。
A+togetherwithalongwith(或with)besides(或but/except)aswellasincludingratherthanlike +B+谓语动词+...
1.The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.那个男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次博物馆。
2.The captain,as well as the other players,was tired.队长还有其他运动员都感到累了。
3.The wallet,with the ID card and money,was lost.钱包,连同身份证和钱,都丢了。
5.“one,every one,each one,any one,each,either,neither等+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every one of the students is studying hard.每个学生都在用功学习。
Neither of the girls is pretty.这两个女孩儿都不漂亮。
6.“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多/大量……”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of trees are cut down.许多树被砍倒了。
The number of the students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。
7.“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of+名词”和“分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots of people have been there before.以前很多人去过那儿。
Most of the computers are bought from Beijing.大部分电脑都是从北京买来的。
Two-thirds of the water has been polluted.三分之二的水已经被污染了。
8.由“a pair/a kind...+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs/kinds...+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.桌子上有一副太阳镜。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天制作15双鞋。
9.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
My pants are worn out.我的裤子穿坏了。
10.不定式或v.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Everyone except Tom and John (be)there when the meeting began.
②Neither of the two brothers (live)with their parents.
③Playing baseball (be)Dale’s favourite sport.
【答案】1.was2.lives3.is
二、意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词是单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
1.集体名词如family,crew,crowd,company,audience,committee,government,group等作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词需用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Class Twelve was first in the sports meeting.(指整体)在运动会中,12班是第一名。
Class Twelve are doing morning exercises in the playground.(指构成整体的成员)12班正在操场上做早操。
2.集体名词如people,police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,但clothing,traffic,furniture等无生命的集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩儿找妈妈。
There isn’t any traffic on the road at the moment.这会儿路上没有车辆往来。
3.表示度量、价格、时间、长度等的名词复数或词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。
Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。
Fifty yuan was paid to Mr Green.付给格林先生50元钱。
4.有些专有名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The United States is on the south of Canada.美国在加拿大南边。
5.主语形式为复数而意义却为单数,如news,works(工厂)等或一些学科名称,如physics,politics,maths等,谓语动词需用单数形式。
Physics is my favourite subject.物理是我最喜欢的科目。
用所给词的适当形式填空
1The whole class (be)greatly moved by his words.
2The Chinese badminton team (be)playing magnificently.
3The police (be)looking for the murderer.
4His Selected Poems (be)first published in 1965.
5I think physics (be)much more useful than maths.
【答案】1.were2.is3.are4.was5.is
三、就近原则
1.由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。
Neither Tom nor I like this film.Tom和我都不喜欢这个电影。
2.在there be 或here be 句型中,如果有并列的名词作主语,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。
There is a girl and four boys in the room.房间里有一个女孩儿和四个男孩儿。
There are four boys and a girl in the room房间里有四个男孩儿和一个女孩儿。
题组训练 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Not only students but also their teacher (object)to the plan.
2.There (be)some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.
3.Here (be)a letter and two books for you.
【答案】1.objects2.are3.is
随堂练习
一、语法选择
After nearly five years of construction (建设), the Beijing Daxing International Airport 1 on Sept. 25, 2019. Five years 2 really not a long time for building such a big airport. Seated in the south of Beijing, it is the world's largest transportation hub (枢纽). The Guardian listed it as one of the “seven wonders of the modern world”.
Gardens
There 3 five gardens at the end of five boarding (登机) gates. At the end of the northern boarding gate 4 the Chinese garden. There are Chinese-style buildings in it. People can hang out in the garden while waiting for their flights.
Flight terminal
The airport is very large. It has the world's largest flight terminal (航站楼) in a single building. The building 5 an area of 700,000 square meters—the size of 98 soccer fields. The number of passengers here each year 6 more than 100 million. The terminal looks like a starfish. The distance between the central area and the farthest boarding gate 7 600 meters. It only 8 eight minutes to walk between the two.
Parking lot
The parking lot is in the southern part of the airport. It's close to the flight terminal. A robot-operated parking system 9 used. After drivers 10 their cars, robots will lift the cars and carry them to an open parking space. When collecting (领取) their cars, drivers can use their parking tickets to get information on where to find their cars.
1.A.is open B.are open C.was open D.were open
2.A.is B.are C.was D.were
3.A.is B.are C.was D.were
4.A.is B.are C.was D.were
5.A.have B.has C.will have D.had
6.A.is B.are C.was D.were
7.A.is B.are C.was D.were
8.A.take B.takes C.spend D.spends
9.A.is B.are C.was D.were
10.A.park B.parks C.will park D.parked
【答案】文章介绍了北京大兴国际机场。
1.C 本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由本句的时间状语on Sept. 25, 2019可知,此处应用一般过去时;再根据句子的主语the Beijing Daxing International Airport可知谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
2.A 本题考查主谓一致。Five years为一段时间,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。
3.B 本题考查主谓一致和动词时态。此处是介绍大兴机场的一些客观事实,故用一般现在时;在there be结构中,be动词的单复数由其后所跟的名词的单复数决定。故根据空后的five gardens可知选B。
4.A 本题考查主谓一致和动词时态。本句为倒装句,主语为the Chinese garden,所以谓语动词应用单数形式,时态为一般现在时,故选A。
5.B 本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语The building是单数概念且根据上下文可知时态为一般现在时。故选B。
6.A 本题考查主谓一致。本句的主语是The number of...,表示“……的数量”,且时态为一般现在时,故选A。
7.A 本题考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是The distance,为单数形式,且时态为一般现在时,故选A。
8.B 本题考查动词辨析和主谓一致。It takes some time to do sth.做某事花费多长时间。故选B。
9.A 本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是A robot-operated parking system,且时态为一般现在时。故选A。
10.A 本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处时态为一般现在时,且主语drivers是名词复数。故选A。