课时06.非谓语动词-中考英语四轮总复习（仁爱版）

第六讲　非谓语动词非谓语动词作定语和状语的用法是选择题，语法填空的常考点，从形式上看，主要考查动词不定式的一般式，现在分词的一般式和过去分词；非谓语动词作状语的考查频率相对更高。非谓语动词分类：①动词不定式　②动名词　③现在分词　④过去分词非谓语动词备考：非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语、宾补、主语和表语常见搭配：动词不定式to dowant, would like, decide, plan, hope, wish, need, agree, learn, manage, pretend,offer, choose, promise, warn, ask, allow, order, encourage, invite, remind, advise..动名词doingenjoy, finish, imagine, keep, practice, mind, avoid, admit, consider, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t help, look forward to, be used to, pay attention to…动词原形do情态动词 + do make/ let/ help/ why not/ why don’t you/ had better/ would rather + do 常见考点：1.动名词做主语（谓语动词用单数) Skating is very interesting.     Skating做主语。  2. 动名词做宾语/介宾 /定语/表语。  3. 动词不定式做主语/ 表语/ 宾语/ 宾补/状语(目的状语).   4. 特殊疑问词+动词不定式.  Eg: what to do/ how to do sth.        重难点：(培优选讲)1.分词：动词过去分词 done：表被动关系动词现在分词 doing: 表主动关系 考点1动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以省略to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。　　2.动词不定式的基本用法用法说明例句作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,避免句子头重脚轻To learn English well is useful.=It is useful to learn English well.如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前加一个for短语。其结构为It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.It is good for you to go out for a walk.在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表语时,不定式之前可以加一个of短语,用来说明动作的执行者。其结构为It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式通常省略toTo go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit.作宾语不定式用在及物动词后作宾语,常见的这类及物动词有begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等I can’t afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面I find it easy to read English every day.在某些句型中,不定式中的to常被省略,如Why not do...?Why don’t you do...?...had better do...,...would rather do...,Could/Would/Will you please do...?I would rather stay in the room.作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,allow,get,would like,advise,encourage等My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变成被动语态时必须加上toI often hear Li Ming sing in the next room.动词help后面的不定式,可以带to,也可以不带toYou must help me(to)do my homework this afternoon.作定语作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后I have some clothes to wash.如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系,则作定语的不定式要加上相应的介词;但是,当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词He is looking for a room to live in.We have a lot of things to talk about.My grandma had no place to live(in)in the old days.不定式修饰 something,anything,nothing时,放在它们的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容词修饰,词序是:something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式I had something cold to drink.作状语不定式经常作目的状语,可位于句首或句末To be a good student,one must study hard.和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”结构,作原因状语We are sorry to trouble you.作程度或结果状语时,常与enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)连用He is old enough to go to school.He is too young to go to school.作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行解释说明His wish is to become a doctor.和疑问词连用不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等He didn’t know where to go.=He didn’t know where he should go.考点1　动词不定式1.During the 16th century, Europe saw rich developments in science, medicine and the arts. People had to “invent” words 　　　new ideas. A.to express　　  B.expresses　　   C.express2.Mr. White invited me 　　　the hill with him last weekend. A.to climb　　  B.climb　　   C.climbing3.Our school has held many activities 　　　the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China.  A.celebrate　　  B.celebrated　　  C.to celebrate 考点2动名词一、动名词1.动名词的构成动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,它具有名词的性质,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语,同时又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。2.动名词的基本用法用法说明例句作主语动名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。有时可用it作形式主语,将用作真正主语的动名词放在句末Swimming is good for our health.It’s interesting playing with children.作宾语动词enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,suggest,imagine,consider等后面接动名词作宾语Her sister practices speaking English every day.某些由介词构成的短语动词,如be interested in,be proud of,be worth,be used to,feel like,give up,think of,take part in等之后也接动名词作宾语We are proud of being Chinese.We are used to living in this city.作定语通常位于名词前They found another hiding place.作表语表示主语具有抽象名词特性Seeing is believing. 注意:①英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆:完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’t help,feel like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)②下列短语中的to为介词,后面应加动名词作宾语。make contributions to... 为……做贡献devote oneself to...致力于……look forward to...期盼……prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……③need,require,want 后接动名词等于接不定式的被动式。The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.二．知识拓展　动词后接不定式与动名词的区别①Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一下这件事。Stop talking,please.请停止说话。②Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。③I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已经把作业带来了。④Please try to do better next time.请下次设法做得更好些。He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。⑤Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后,接着做其他的。He said nothing but just went on working.他什么都不说只是不停地干活。⑥We don’t allow students to go out.我们不允许学生外出。We don’t allow smoking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。⑦I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样做,但是我没有选择。I don’t regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。⑧I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。Doing that means wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。考点3分词1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+-ing”构成;过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意。过去分词有被动、完成之意。2.分词的基本用法用法例句说明作定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识正站在树下面的那个女孩吗?Please hand in your written exercises.请交上你们的书面练习。现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词作状语The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语为句子的主语作表语The book was rather boring.这本书相当枯燥乏味。The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了,以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征,过去分词表示某种状态作补语Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。He’ll have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去理发。现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是它的逻辑主语;过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是它的逻辑宾语3.现在分词和过去分词的区别(1)在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。如:a moving film一部感人的电影the moved people被感动的人们(2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如:developing countries发展中国家developed countries发达国家4.现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别我们常见的动词如see,watch,notice,hear等,接不带to的不定式作宾补,表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作;接现在分词作宾补,表示正在进行的动作。如:I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)5.have sb.do sth.,have sb./sth.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别(1)have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let或make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如:The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。(2)have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事”。have可以用keep代替,现在分词(doing)所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。如:The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。(3)have sth.done意为“让别人做某事”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。如:The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。1.Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from 　　　directly in your eyes. A.shine　　　　 B.shining　　　　  C.to shine2.I was deeply moved by the film Hi, Mom. I think it's well worth 　　　. A.to watch　　 B.watch　　   C.watching3.—How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam?—Keep on 　　　and you'll make progress. A.practice　　  B.practicing　　  C.to practice4.Most of us enjoy 　　　to our mothers speak, because our brains greatly prefer the voices of our own mothers. A.listening　　  B.listen　　   C.to listen5.The twin brothers are busy 　　　artworks from ocean waste. A.making　　   B.make 　　   C.to make随堂练习考点1　动词不定式1.(2021福建,32)Our school has held many activities 　　　the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China.  A.celebrate　　　B.celebrated　　　C.to celebrate2.(2021龙岩一模, 29)—Where do you plan 　　　during the summer vacation? —Maybe I will go to Shanghai with my parents.A.travel　　　 B.traveling　　　C.to travel3.(2021福州一模, 29)　　　 the report in time, Emma asks all of us to work together. A.Finish　　　 B.Finishing　　　C.To finish4.(2020福州二模, 31)Doris made a survey 　　　how many students in our grade have been to the Great Wall. A.find out　　　 B.found out　　　C.to find out5.(2020福州一模, 28)　　　 a good time in Beijing, they made a travel plan carefully. A.Have　　　 B.Had　　　  C.To have考点2　动名词和分词1.(2020福建,26)The twin brothers are busy 　　　artworks from ocean waste. A.making　　　 B.make　　　 C.to make2.(2021南平一模,31)Tony practices 　　　the guitar hard and often gives wonderful performances. A.play　　　  B.to play　　　 C.playing3.(2021福建,90)It’s a perfect way to help give you a sense of happiness and peace after 　　　　　　(spend)a tiring day. 4.(2019福建,84)Paper had already existed(存在) in China, but the process for 　　　(produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. 5.(2018福建,90)However, he still keeps 　　　(try)new things. 6.(2017福建,90)People in ancient times believed that the plant could drive away evil(邪恶的)spirits and prevent them from 　　　(catch)an illness in winter. 7.(2021宁德一模,83)Centuries ago, most people made their living through 　　　(farm). 8.(2021泉州一模,88)Just imagine such an animal 　　　(stand) among many chickens. The crane will naturally stand out. 9.(2020福州质检,86)TCM plays a big part in 　　　(treat) COVID-19 patients. 10.(2020莆田质检,87)They are mostly caused by activities such as 　　　(burn) oil and farming. 53综合练1.(2021江苏扬州,9改编)In many countries, people put their fingers up to their mouths 　　　silence. A.ask for　　　B.asking for　　　C.to ask for2.(2021云南,26改编)The earth is in great danger now. We have to do something 　　　it. A.protect　　　B.protecting　　　C.to protect3.(2021湖南怀化,27)The government asks people 　　　the rubbish from their daily life in different groups. A.to put　　　 B.putting　　　 C.put4.(2021海南,33)—I have less homework than before!—Me, too. Now, we have enough time 　　　sports.  A.do　　　  B.doing　　　  C.to do5.(2021吉林,28)Mr. White invited me 　　　the hill with him last weekend. A.to climb　　　 B.climb　　　  C.climbing6.(2021云南昆明,31改编)It is necessary to learn 　　　time and make good use of every minute. A.to manage　　　B.managing　　　  C.manage7.(2021江苏南京,4改编)I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people 　　　closer to them. A.get　　  　B.to get　　　  C.getting8.(2021内蒙古包头,24改编)　　　 the online shopping, my grandma bought a smart phone. A.Enjoyed　　　 B.Enjoying　　　  C.To enjoy9.(2021四川成都,40)It is hard for people to move forward with a strong wind 　　　hard. A.blown　　　 B.blowing　　　  C.to blow10.(2021重庆,26改编)The villagers plan 　　　a new bridge over the river. A.build　　　 B.building　　　  C.to build11.(2020四川成都,32)—Why do many farmers put their products online these days?—　　　 them more easily. A.To sell　　　 B.Sell　　　  C.Selling12.(2020内蒙古包头,24改编)　　　 the project as planned, they need to work two more hours a day. A.To finish　　　B.Finishing　　　 C.Finish13.(2020云南,30改编)It’s necessary 　　　masks(口罩) in public places during the COVID-19 period. A.for us to wear　　　B.for us wearing  C.of us to wear14.(2020吉林,34)Lisa plans 　　　a new picture next week. A.draw　　　 B.to draw　　　C.drawing15.(2020海南,31)Frank and his friends had great fun 　　　volleyball on the beach yesterday. A.play　　　B.playing　　　C.to play16.(2020辽宁营口,13改编)A group of students from Hongqi School hope 　　　our school art festival next week. A.join in　　　B.to join in　　　C.joining in17.(2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔,6)Most students look forward to 　　　back to the classroom to have lessons with their classmates.  18.(2020新疆,28改编)—Why don’t the doctors stop 　　　lunch? —Because they are busy 　　　a patient. A.to have;to save  B.having;saving  C.to have;saving19.(2019贵州贵阳,36)To live a low-carbon life, we must remember 　　　the lights when we leave the room. A.to turn off   B.turning off   C.not to turn off20.(2019天津,30改编)The government is setting up nature parks 　　　protect pandas. A.to help　　　  B.help　　　   C.helped21.(2019吉林,29)Michael visits many websites 　　　about Chinese culture. A.learn　　　   B.learned　　　  C.to learn22.(2021江苏苏州,48)I think this is a great question. I do spend my days 　　　　　　(study) how fish go about their lives. 23.(2021湖北武汉,81改编)If you don’t know how to fix the Earth, please stop 　　　　　　(break) it. 24.(2021云南,68)The young should do meaningful things instead of 　　　　　　(play) with phones all day. 25.(2021浙江宁波,52)She was tired of 　　　　　　(drive) them everywhere without thanks and doing more than her share of the work around the house. 26.(2021云南昆明,71)I also realized I could get the meaning by 　　　　　　(listen) for just the key words. 27.(2021湖南衡阳,46)In order to remember Zu, some mathematicians suggest 　　　　　　(call) pi “Zu Lv”. 28.(2021四川南充,71)I had listed all the things in my wallet 　　　　　　(get) some new ones. 29.(2021山东潍坊,27)“What!” she cried, 　　　　　(look) at me in great surprise. 30.(2021广东深圳,39)He was exploring how 　　　　　(spread) Chinese culture abroad by translating Chinese beauty into Western beauty.