课时02.阅读理解--细节理解题、词义猜测题-中考英语四轮总复习（仁爱版）

课时02.阅读理解--细节理解题、词义猜测题
一
2022年福建省
B
Anna Brown was an artist who believed that it was important to help others. When she heard of a summer camp for children with serious illnesses, she came up with an idea. It cost money for these kids to go to the camp, so Anna decided to see what she could do to help. It was impossible for her to donate (捐赠) a lot of money, so she had to think of another way.
She wanted to take advantage of her love of art. So she started making and selling beautiful cards to raise money for these kids. Because these cards were all handmade it would take her a long time to make a lot of them. So Anna had another idea. She started inviting friends to her house to help her make the cards. At first her friends were hesitant. Many said that they were not artistic and didn’t know how to make cards. But once they saw the beautiful materials that she had in her workroom, her friends felt more comfortable doing things such as drawing and cutting in order to make a new card.
But the materials were expensive. To make money without spending money, Anna asked for and got donations of paper, glue, scissors, and other things from nearby stores. She sold her cards for three dollars each in different art markets during the year. Anna raised more than $30,000 in her 10 years making cards.
31. What was Anna?
A. An artist. B. A doctor. C. A worker. D. A teacher.
32. What did Anna invite her friends to do?
A. Sell cards. B. Make cards. C. Buy materials. D. Donate materials.
33. What does the underlined word “hesitant” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A. 坐立不安的 B. 犹豫不决的 C. 兴高采烈的 D. 心甘情愿的
34. Where did Anna sell her handmade cards?
A. In her house. B. In her workroom. C. In nearby stores. D. In art markets.
35. Which of the following can best describe Anna?
A. Kind-hearted. B. Polite. C. Brave. D. Humorous.
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】本文讲述了Anna Brown利用手工制作卡片进行售卖，来为重病儿童举办夏令营筹钱的故事。
31细节理解题。根据“Anna Brown was an artist”可知，Anna Brown是一位艺术家。故选A。
32细节理解题。根据“She started inviting friends to her house to help her make the cards.”可知，她邀请朋友们来家里来制作卡片。故选B。
33词义猜测题。根据“Many said that they were not artistic and didn’t know how to make cards.”可知，一开始，朋友们说他们没有艺术，不知道如何制作卡片，应是很犹豫的。所以可推断出划线词“hesitant”意为“犹豫不决的”。故选B。
34细节理解题。根据“She sold her cards for three dollars each in different art markets during the year.”可知，是在艺术市场出售手工卡片。故选D。
35推理判断题。通读全文可知，Anna Brown为了给重病儿童参加夏令营筹钱，想出了制作手工卡片筹钱这一方法，体现了Anna Brown是很善良，很热心肠的。故选A。
C

On the afternoon of March 23, 2022, Chinese astronauts on board China’s Tiangong space station gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth. It was a great success. Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013? Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country.
While watching the science lesson from the Tiangong-1 on the morning of June 20, 2013, Wang Lutian, a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing, was drawing a colorful rocket with crayons in his classroom. “Moon…stars…a rocket to the sky,” Wang explained his work in a cheerful voice. At that time, he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson given by Wang Yaping, who talked about movements in micro-gravity（微重力）environments. “Zero gravity!” Qian Shaohong, another student at the school, shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air. “Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world,” said Zhang Yini, a teacher at the school.
The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the “roof (屋脊) of the world”. “I was most interested in the presentation of the ‘water ball’ in a gravity-free environment. It’s really amazing,” said Rigzin Jigme Doje, a high school student in Lhasa, Tibet. Describing himself as a lover of physics, Doje said the lesson helped him stay true to his dream of becoming a physicist.
The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the mysterious world of outer space to their hometown.
36. The space lesson in 2013 was for ________.
A. Chinese astronauts B. Chinese teachers
C. school children in China D. scientists all over China
37. Which picture shows Nie Haisheng’s body movement according to the text?
A. B. C. D.
38. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Wang Yaping’s talk on micro-gravity environments.
B. The influence of the space lesson on the disabled students.
C. The efforts of the disabled students in a special school.
D. A 10-year-old student’s dream of sending a rocket to the sky.
39. What do we know about Rigzin Jigme Doje?
A. He liked drawing stars. B. He talked a lot about his work.
C. He was a primary school student. D. He was fond of physics.
40. After watching the space lesson, the Tibetan students ________.
A. had a new view of their high schools
B. got an amazing “water ball” in space
C. increased an understanding of the roof of the world
D. developed a deep interest in the world of outer space
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. D
【解析】本文讲述太空课堂对残疾儿童及西藏的学生的积极影响。
36细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013? Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country.”可知，2013年太空课堂是开给中国的学校的学生的。故选C。
37推理判断题。根据第二段“astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air”，可知聂海胜在半空展示了交叉腿。A选项图片符合。故选A。
38段落大意题。根据“Wang Lutian, a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing…he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson”及“Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world”可知，第二段主要讲述的是太空课对残疾孩子的影响。故选B。
39细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Describing himself as a lover of physics, Doje said the lesson helped him stay true to his dream of becoming a physicist”可知，Rigzin Jigme Doje喜欢物理。故选D。
40细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the ‘roof of the world’”及最后一段“The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the mysterious world of outer space to their hometown”可知，看了太空课之后，西藏的学生增长了对太空科学的兴趣，把家乡和外太空联系起来了，可推断发展了对于外太空的浓厚兴趣。故选D。
二
(2021漳州一模,B)
Apartments to Rent(出租)in London
1-bedroom apartment
Bridge Lane, Rich Street
￡1,000 per month/No weekly renting
Prime Estates are pleased to rent this newly decorated l-bedroom apartment on the ground floor, located near Barking Station and the local primary school. This is especially suitable for people who are fond of peaceful environment and prefer to live alone.
Tel:020 8012 5113
2-bedroom apartment
Percy Stone, Golden Street
￡1,980 per month/￡457 per week
Located next to the Thames and with 2 big balconies(阳台) to relax on, this wonderful 2-bedroom apartment has natural light throughout. Advantages include a modern kitchen, a bathroom and free parking.
Tel:020 8012 6728
3-bedroom apartment
Boul Drive, Park Road
￡3,467 per month/￡800 per week
Zero deposit(定金) is required. This 3-bedroom apartment is located on the 7th floor of a modern apartment building, with a large balcony and a road leading to the gym and swimming pool. Sports lovers will never regret their decisions of living in such an apartment.
Tel:020 8012 6803
4-bedroom apartment
Bear Court, 101 Red Road
￡4,290 per month/No weekly renting
A newly decorated 4-bedroom apartment is in this well-looked-after block. It is located by a park with many trees, where you can see many people running along the park paths when the sun rises. The apartment offers free parking, too.
Tel:020 8012 2188
1.The 1-bedroom apartment is suitable for someone who　　　. 
A.enjoys living by himself
B.does sports in his spare time
C.keeps in touch with his friends a lot
D.likes to live with his family members
2.Which is the advantage of the apartment at Percy Stone?
A.Going to school easily.
B.Parking cars for free.
C.Going to the station quickly.
D.Doing sports in a local gym.
3.Which apartment is near a swimming pool?
A.The apartment at Bridge Lane.
B.The apartment at Percy Stone.
C.The apartment at Boul Drive.
D.The apartment at Bear Court.
4.What do the 2-bedroom apartment and the 3-bedroom apartment have in common?
A.Both have kitchens.
B.Both require no deposit.
C.Both can be rented by the week.
D.Both are newly decorated.
5.If you like to live near a park, you can call 　　　. 
A.020 8012 5113　　　B.020 8012 6728
C.020 8012 6803　　　D.020 8012 2188
本文是四则公寓出租的广告信息。
1.A　【解析】细节理解题。由1-bedroom定位到第一则信息。根据“This is especially suitable for people who are fond of peaceful environment and prefer to live alone.”可知,这种公寓适合喜欢独居的人,故选A。
2.B　【解析】细节理解题。由Percy Stone定位到第二则信息。根据“Advantages include a modern kitchen, a bathroom and free parking.”可知,免费停车是这个公寓的优势之一,故选B。
3.C　【解析】细节理解题。根据第三则信息的“Boul Drive, Park Road”及“This 3-bedroom apartment is located on the 7th floor of a modern apartment building, with a large balcony and a road leading to the gym and swimming pool.”可知,在 Boul Drive的三室公寓是在游泳池附近,故选C。
4.C　【解析】细节理解题。根据第二则信息的“￡1,980 per month/￡457 per week”以及第三则信息的“￡3,467 per month/￡800 per week”可知,两室的公寓和三室的公寓共同特点是都可以按周出租,故选C。
5.D　【解析】细节理解题。根据第四则信息的“It is located by a park with many trees”及“Tel:020 8012 2188”可知,如果你想住在公园附近,可以拨打020 8012 2188,故选D。
三
(2021福州一模,B)
Four students are talking about something during the break.

I spent all my pocket money on my new guitar. Although I love it, now I don’t have any money to learn how to play it. So I’ve decided to find a part-time job.

My hobby is swimming. I’ve tried my best to break my own record. In my last training, I almost did it. So I plan to practice in the swimming pool every day. I’m sure I can set a new record this time.

My mom wants to take me to Japan to learn Japanese. But honestly, I’m not interested in it. I’ve signed up for a cooking class to learn how to cook my favorite food during the time. I think I need to make up an excuse to run away from that boring course.

I’ve finished the first part of my storybook in the writing class. Because Ms. Wood said it was quite interesting, I made up my mind to finish it off in the next two months. I believe I’ll be able to share it with you very soon.
1.What are the four students talking about?
A.“What’s your favorite subject?”
B.“What’s your idea of playing sports?”
C.“What do you like to do with your family?”
D.“What’s your plan for the coming vacation?”
2.Who will most probably earn some money?
A.Alisa.　　　B.Frank.　　　C.Ben.　　　D.Emma.
3.The underlined part “that boring course” refers to 　　　. 
A.the guitar class　　　B.the Japanese class
C.the cooking class　　　D.the writing class
4.What causes Emma to finish off her work?
A.Ms. Wood’s words.　　　B.The first part of the story.
C.Her love of writing.　　　D.Her friends’encouragement.
5.What do the four students have in common?
A.They share the same hobby.
B.They face the same difficulty.
C.They do what others ask them to do.
D.They each have a goal and try to achieve it.
本文介绍了四个学生在课间谈论假期的计划。
1.D　【解析】推理判断题。根据“So I’ve decided to find a part-time job.” “So I plan to practice in the swimming pool every day.” “I’ve signed up for a cooking class to learn how to cook my favorite food during the time.”及“I made up my mind to finish it off in the next two months.”可知,四个学生讨论的是假期要做什么,故选D。
2.A　【解析】细节理解题。根据Alisa后的“So I’ve decided to find a part-time job.”可知, Alisa可能会赚一些钱,故选A。
3.B　【解析】词义猜测题。根据Ben后的“My mom wants to take me to Japan to learn Japanese. But honestly, I’m not interested in it.”可知,Ben并不喜欢日语课程,所以他想找理由摆脱它,故“that boring course”是指日语课,故选B。
4.A　【解析】细节理解题。根据Emma后的“Because Ms. Wood said it was quite interesting”可知,因为Wood女士的话,她决定完成她的作品,故选A。
5.D　【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知,四个学生的共同点是都给自己设定了一个假期目标,以及表达自己的决心要完成目标,故选D。
四
(2021南平一模,C)
Chemical reactions(反应) make for some great experiments. You can make use of the CO2 (carbon dioxide) given off by a baking soda(小苏打)and vinegar reaction to blow up your balloon!
What you’ll need

★A balloon
★About 40 ml of water
★A soft drink bottle
★Vinegar
★A teaspoon of baking soda
Instructions
★Before you begin, make sure that you pull the balloon long to make it as easy as possible to blow up.
★Put the 40 ml of water into the soft drink bottle.
★Add the baking soda and mix it with water.
★Put the vinegar in and quickly put the balloon over the mouth of the bottle.
What’s happening?
If all goes well, then your balloon should inflate! Adding the vinegar to the baking soda creates a chemical reaction. The baking soda is a base, while the vinegar is an acid. When the two combine(结合), they create CO2. The gas rises up and escapes from the soft drink bottle. However, it doesn’t escape the balloon, pushing it outwards and blowing it up.
1.What does a baking soda and vinegar reaction give off?
A.O2.　　　B.O3.　　　C.CO2.　　　D.H2O.
2.What should you do before you begin?
A.Heat the water.
B.Drink some juice.
C.Blow up the balloon.
D.Pull the balloon long.
3.What does the underlined word “inflate” mean in Chinese?
A.涨价　　　B.膨胀　　　C.吹捧　　　D.抬高
4.What can be used instead of vinegar?
A.Milk.　　　B.Water.
C.Tea.　　　 D.Lemon juice.
5.The text is about 　　　. 
A.an experiment　　　B.a game
C.a film　　　 D.a book
本文主要介绍了用小苏打和醋发生化学反应产生的气体吹起气球的试验方法。
1.C　【解析】细节理解题。根据“The baking soda is a base, while the vinegar is an acid. When the two combine, they create CO2.”可知,小苏打和醋的反应会释放出二氧化碳,故选C。
2.D　【解析】细节理解题。根据“Before you begin, make sure that you pull the balloon long to make it as easy as possible to blow up.”可知,在开始之前,确保你把气球拉得很长,使它尽可能容易充气。故选D。
3.B　【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容可知,小苏打和醋结合时,就会产生二氧化碳。气体上升并从软饮料瓶跑出来。然而,它并没有避开气球,而是把气球向外推,然后把它吹起来。由此可以猜测画线单词的含义为“膨胀”。故选B。
4.D　【解析】推理判断题。根据“The baking soda is a base, while the vinegar is an acid.”可知,醋是酸性的,结合常识及选项可知,“柠檬汁”也是酸性的,因此可以用它来代替醋,故选D。
5.A　【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要描述了一个用小苏打和醋发生化学反应产生的气体吹起气球的试验,故选A。
五
(2021福建,B)

　　Ten-year-old Orion Jean has always known that kindness is important. He often practiced it by volunteering with his family. Last year, after entering the National Kindness Speech Competition, he became crazy about it. Now he works to spread kindness everywhere through projects that help others. He calls his campaign(活动)the Race to Kindness.
When a teacher told him about the competition, Orion had only 24 hours to write, memorize, and record his speech. In it, he talked about the importance of kindness. “Kindness is like spreading hugs around the world,” Orion said. He encouraged listeners to join him in doing small, kind acts for others.
Orion’s speech won the competition. He used his $500 prize to support his first Race to Kindness project, a toy drive for a local children’s hospital. He collected 619 toys. After that, Orion wanted to make an even bigger impact(影响). Working with others, he packed meal bags for people in need with a kind message in each bag. Orion also organized several events in his community. In all, he collected more than 100,000 meals!
Orion believes that everyone wins this race. He says, “If you’re kind to someone else, it can make their day brighter and inspire them to pass on kindness. And then it just grows and grows, and it can make the world a better place.”
1.Why did Orion start his campaign?
A.To spread kindness.　　　
B.To win the competition.
C.To take part in a race.　　　
D.To volunteer with his family.
2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A.The competition.　　　B.The world.
C.His speech.　　　D.His campaign.
3.Which of the following has something to do with Orion’s campaign?
A.　　　B.　　　
C.　　　D.
4.What did Orion do for his campaign?
A.Joined in a competition.　　　
B.Recorded his speech.
C.Built a hospital.　　　
D.Collected over 100,000 meals.
5.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.Practice makes perfect.
B.One is never too old to learn.
C.Believing in yourself is the first step to success.
D.Roses given to others, sweet smell left in your hand.
本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了一个十岁的名叫Orion Jean的孩子发起并组织爱心活动的故事。
1.A　【解析】细节理解题。由第一段倒数第二句“Now he works to spread kindness everywhere through projects that help others.”可知,他发起这个活动的目的是传播善意。故答案为A。
2.C　【解析】代词指代题。it指代上文提到的同一事物(同类同物)。由此可知本句中的it指上文提到的his speech。故答案为C。
3.B　【解析】图片理解题。由第一段最后两句“Now he works to spread kindness everywhere...the Race to Kindness.”可知,Orion的活动是为了传播善意,B项图片与之相符。由此可知答案为B。
4.D　【解析】细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“In all,he collected more than 100,000 meals!”可知Orion为他的活动募集了100,000多份饭。故答案为D。
5.D　【解析】段落大意题。本文最后一段主要叙述Orion的呼吁:如果每个人都把爱心传递给别人,就会鼓舞别人继续把爱心传递下去。D选项意思是“赠人玫瑰,手有余香”,符合题意。故答案为D。
六
(2020福建,C)
　　Frank and his brother Jack lived near the ocean. Frank was outgoing while Jack was shy. They liked doing different things. Frank was famous for organizing games of beach volleyball, football, and any other sport imaginable. Jack preferred to draw, paint, or build sandcastles (沙堡).
Frank didn’t understand why Jack would rather do artistic things than play ball. He believed sport often allowed many kids to play together. That was when Jack’s idea hatched. He would show Frank what doing things together looked like!
After Jack finished creating a special sandcastle with stairs, towers and walls, he took pictures of it. Then he painted colorful posters featuring (突出) his sandcastle and the question,“Can you top this?” He hung his posters everywhere in town, announcing his plan for a day of sandcastle artistry—all ages welcome.
When Frank saw a poster, he not so nicely told Jack that no one would come. Still, shortly after sunrise on Saturday, Jack was on the beach digging in the sand. By mid-morning, four kids were sculpting (雕塑) the sand alongside him. By noon the number had increased a lot.
After Frank came back from his ball game, he went to check how his brother’s plan turned out. He couldn’t believe what he saw. At least 30 people were building a city of sandcastles, and everyone was chatting and laughing and working together! It was the most beautiful thing he had seen on the beach.
“I guess you’ve proved me wrong,” Frank said. “You should make this sandcastle day a yearly tradition!” Handing Frank a shovel (铲子) with a smile, Jack got started together with his brother on their super creation in the sand.
1.What does the underlined word “hatched” in Paragraph 2 probably mean in Chinese?
A.产生　　　B.改变　　　C.消失　　　D.中断
2.What helped people know about Jack’s plan?
A.Beautiful towers.　　　B.Colorful posters.
C.A town building.　　　D.A sandcastle day.
3.When learning about Jack’s plan, Frank was 　　　. 
A.doubtful　　　B.interested　　　C.satisfied　　　D.nervous
4.What can we know about Jack’s idea?
A.It came from a picture.
B.It needed 30 people’s support.
C.It proved Frank right.
D.It did work well.
5.Which of the following best describes Jack?
A.Honest.　　　B.Creative.　　　C.Outgoing.　　　D.Caring.
本文为记叙文。弗兰克和弟弟杰克,一个外向,一个害羞。外向的弗兰克不理解热爱艺术类活动的杰克为什么不喜欢有很多孩子参与的球类运动,杰克用一次沙堡活动向哥哥证明艺术类活动也可以由很多人一起快乐地进行。
1.A　【解析】词义猜测题。联系上下文可知,弗兰克认为球类运动可以让孩子们一起玩,后来杰克向弗兰克证明艺术类活动也可以一起进行。由此可知此时杰克产生了证明给弗兰克看的念头,故选A。
2.B　【解析】细节理解题。由第三段尾句中的“He hung his posters everywhere in town, announcing his plan for a day of sandcastle artistry”可知,海报帮助人们了解了杰克的计划,故选B。
3.A　【解析】细节理解题。由第四段第一句“When Frank saw a poster, he not so nicely told Jack that no one would come.”可知,当弗兰克看到海报时,他不很友好地告诉杰克没有一个人会来,表示他质疑杰克的计划。doubtful怀疑的;interested感兴趣的;satisfied满意的;nervous紧张的。故本题选A。
4.D　【解析】细节理解题。由第五段第三句“At least 30 people were building a city of sandcastles, and everyone was chatting and laughing and working together!”可知,杰克的想法实现了,收到了很好的效果,故选D。
5.B　【解析】推理判断题。由文章的内容可知,杰克创作沙堡、想出沙堡活动计划,这些都展现出杰克的创造力。honest诚实的;creative有创造力的;outgoing外向的;caring乐于助人的,故选B。
七
(2019福建,A)

One pleasant evening, I was holding Grandpa’s hand and taking a walk in the park. “Where are the peanuts? Give me now!” he suddenly said. How I wished I had some with me! “William, the monkeys are taking long to come out today. Wait till they smell the peanuts.” I knew he was lost in one of his memories again. I remembered the stories he told me of how he fed the monkeys when he was a kid. Then, he saw the goldfish! He acted as if he was seeing them for the first time.
Poor Grandpa! He fell ill with Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默症) last year. The doctor said it was a progressive brain disorder which could destroy(破坏) a person’s memory. The patient might also not be able to make reasonable judgments(判断). The saddening part was that it was a lifelong disease. But when my parents invited him to stay with us, he refused and said he liked living alone. One day, he forgot to turn off the fire after cooking porridge. Luckily, one of the neighbors came to help him before the fire could spread.
It was then that my parents brought Grandpa to live with us. Often, he would forget my name and ask me who I was and what I was doing in his house. Each time I would answer softly, “It’s me, Ray, Grandpa!” Even if he had forgotten who I was, he would always be my beloved grandfather.
1.What did Grandpa want to do in the park?
A.Eat peanuts.　　　B.Smell flowers.
C.Feed monkeys.　　　D.Tell stories.
2.What would happen to Grandpa according to the doctor?
A.His brain wouldn’t need examinations.
B.His memory could get better.
C.He might not judge things correctly.
D.He had to live by himself.
3.After getting to Grandpa’s, the neighbor 　　　. 
A.turned off the fire　　　
B.cooked porridge
C.shared the meal　　　
D.spread some news
4.Why did the writer’s parents bring Grandpa to live with them?
A.To make sure of his safety.
B.To help him remember their names.
C.To answer his questions in time.
D.To get his help with the housework.
5.Which of the following best describes the writer?
A.Smart.　　　B.Caring.　　　
C.Honest.　　　D.Brave.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的爷爷得了阿尔茨海默症之后,生活发生的变化。
1.C　【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的“William, the monkeys are taking long to come out today.”可知,爷爷想在公园里喂猴子。故本题选C。
2.C　【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句“The doctor said it was a progressive brain disorder which could destroy a person’s memory. The patient might also not be able to make reasonable judgments.”可知医生说产生的问题包括大脑逐步紊乱、记忆衰退、失去合理判断。应选C。
3.A　【解析】细节理解题。由第二段最后两句可知,一天,爷爷煮完粥后忘了关炉火,在火蔓延之前,一个邻居过来帮助了爷爷,故选A。
4.A　【解析】推理判断题。由第二段描述爷爷煮粥忘记关炉火的事件可以推测出,作者的父母接爷爷来一同居住的原因是确保爷爷的安全,故选A。
5.B　【解析】推理判断题。由第三段中的描述(每次爷爷问我是谁,我在他的房间里干什么,我总是温柔地回答:爷爷,是我,Ray。即使他忘了我是谁,他也是我最心爱的爷爷。)可以推测出,作者是一个体贴人、关心他人的人。smart聪明的;caring体贴的,关心他人的;honest诚实的;brave勇敢的。由文章内容可知应选B。
八
(2018福建,A)
　　My interest in cooking started when I was 11, partly thanks to my mother. She didn’t really like cooking and when she did cook, I didn’t like her food. Once I was watching something about cooking on TV and I thought I could do this, so I went to the bookstore and looked for the biggest cookbook I could find.
During a year, I had produced most of its recipes(食谱)and was ready for a bigger challenge(挑战).I wanted to create my own dishes and I started cooking for more people than just my family. To my joy, my parents allowed me to build a test kitchen. I did much cooking to test my dishes in it and my skill improved quickly. Later, my mom and I set up a dinner club that organized monthly events inside my home. Now as a teen chef(主厨), I have also cooked in top-class restaurants around the country. I am not doing it for the money, but because I love cooking.
Now I know that when you stop caring whether you’ll be famous or do well, your dream will come to you.
1.The writer is now　　　. 
A.a TV star　　　B.a news reporter
C.a well-known bookseller　　　D.a good chef
2.What made the writer begin to cook?
A.His parents’ wish.
B.The customers’ advice.
C.His mother’s delicious food.
D.The information about cooking on TV.
3.After producing most of the recipes in the cookbook, the writer wanted to　　　. 
A.take cooking lessons　　　B.write his cookbook
C.make new dishes of his own　　　D.open a restaurant
4.The underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refers to(指代)“　　　”. 
A.the bookstore　　　B.the test kitchen
C.the dinner club　　　D.the country
5.What is important for the writer?
A.Finding a good job.　　　B.Making lots of money.
C.Doing what he loves.　　　D.Becoming famous.
本文为记叙文。作者从十一岁起爱上烹饪,开始买来烹饪书学做菜,之后创造自己的菜肴,为更多人做菜,建立美食俱乐部,最终成长为全国顶级的厨师。作者明白了当你停止关注自己是否会出名,是否能做好时,你的梦想就离你越来越近了。
1.D　【解析】细节理解题。从文章第二段中“Now as a teen chef, I have also cooked in top-class restaurants around the country.”可知作者现在是一名厨师,故此题选D。
2.D　【解析】细节理解题。从文章第一段第三句“Once I was watching something about cooking on TV and I thought I could do this, so I went to the bookstore and looked for the biggest cookbook I could find.”可知作者在看了电视上的烹饪节目后受到启发,接着去书店买了烹饪书,并开始了他的烹饪之旅。故此题选择D。
3.C　【解析】细节理解题。从文章第二段第一、二句“During a year, I had produced most of its recipes and was ready for a bigger challenge. I wanted to create my own dishes and I started cooking for more people than just my family.”可知作者在完成了食谱上的大部分菜品后,想要创造出自己的菜肴,故此题选择C。
4.B　【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三、四句“To my joy, my parents allowed me to build a test kitchen. I did much cooking to test my dishes in it and my skill improved quickly.”可知,作者创造了一个实验厨房,并且在那里进行烹饪和菜品的测试。故此题答案为B。
5.C　【解析】细节理解题。从文章第二段的最后一句话“I am not doing it for the money, but because I love cooking.”可知对于作者来说,最重要的是他对烹饪的热爱,而不是金钱或者其他东西。故此题选C。
九
(2017福建,B)
　　I was traveling alone through the UK. To reach places that were off the public transportation map, I bought an old car, which cost most of my money. I couldn’t afford to stay in the hotel, so I had to camp in my car for the rest of the trip.
One morning I awoke in my old car on a country road in Ireland and saw a single house. The water in my thermos(保温瓶)had gone cold, so I knocked on the door of the house. A woman opened it. I asked her for some hot water. But she wouldn’t let me get away with just that!I was invited indoors. She asked me to sit at the table and have breakfast with her family. They filled my thermos before I left.
I was greatly moved. And I decided to pass the kindness on. The other day I met a young man who had been driving around to look for a parking lot. He looked increasingly upset. I was glad that I was able to point one out to him. His thankful smile was the hugest reward(奖赏)for me.
1.The writer bought the car in order to 　　　. 
A.serve the public　　　 B.travel more easily
C.take the trip alone　　　 D.save more money
2.Why did the writer camp in his car?
A.He was short of money.　　　 B.It was his habit.
C.He could have a better rest.　　　 D.It would be warmer.
3.The writer asked the woman for 　　　. 
A.a map　　　 B.a thermos
C.some hot water　　　D.a light breakfast
4.How did the young man feel at last?
A.Funny.　　　 B.Upset.
C.Disappointed.　　　 D.Thankful.
5.What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Traveling alone is interesting.
B.Sharing food is a pleasure.
C.Kindness is the sunshine in life.
D.Smile is important to everybody.
本文为记叙文,主要叙述了作者独自一人穿越英国旅行期间,在他面临困难时得到了一位女士无私的帮助,这让他十分感动,于是他决定将这份善行传递下去。
1.B　【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的“To reach places that were off the public transportation map...money.”可知作者买辆旧车是为了到达一些公共交通到不了的地方,如下文中提到的“country road”,这些地方不通公交车或火车,如果他不买辆车那么他就只能步行了,故本题选择B。
2.A　【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的“...I bought an old...the rest of the trip.”可知作者由于买车花掉了大部分的钱而住不起旅店了,故本题选择A。short of money意为“缺钱”。
3.C　【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的“I asked her for some hot water.”可知选择C。
4.D　【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段中的最后一句“His thankful smile was the hugest reward for me.”可知,这个年轻人最后很感激我帮了他,故本题选择D。
5.C　【解析】主旨大意题。由最后一段中的“I was greatly moved. And I decided to pass the kindness on.”可知,我被那位女士深深地感动后决定去传递这种善行,而在我帮了那个年轻人后他感激的微笑是对我最大的奖赏。由此可知本题选择C。
十
(2021南平一模,A)
　　A man wanted his four sons to learn not to judge things too quickly. So he sent them each one a task, in turn, to go and look at a pear tree that was far away. The first son went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the youngest in fall.
When they had all gone and come back, he called them together to describe what they had seen. The first son said that the tree was ugly and twisted(扭曲的). The second son said no—it was covered with green buds(芽)and full of promise. The third son disagreed. He said it was filled with flowers that smelled so sweet and looked so beautiful. The youngest son disagreed with all of them; he said it was full of fruit, full of life and full of fulfillment(满足感).
The man told them that they were all right, because they had each seen one season in the tree’s life. You cannot judge a tree or a person by only one season, and the essence(本质)of who they are—and the pleasure, joy and love that come from that life—can only be measured at the end.
If you give up when it’s winter, you will miss the promise of your spring, the beauty of your summer, the fulfillment of your fall. Don’t judge a life by one difficult season.
1.How many people are mentioned in the story?
A.2.　　　B.3.　　　C.4.　　　D.5.
2.Who went in summer to look at the faraway pear tree?
A.The first son.　　　B.The second son.
C.The third son.　　　D.The youngest son.
3.What did the youngest son see about the tree?
A.The tree was ugly.　　　 B.The tree was fruitful.
C.The tree grew buds.　　　D.The tree was beautiful.
4.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 3?
A.The man told his sons that they were all wrong.
B.One season in the tree’s life can’t show its essence.
C.We can judge a tree or a person by only one season.
D.The pleasure, joy and love can’t be measured at the end.
5.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Don’t judge things too quickly.
B.Don’t look at a pear tree nearby.
C.Don’t miss the difficult season.
D.Don’t make your seasons painful.
本文是一篇记叙文,一位父亲让他的四个儿子分别去看远处的一棵梨树,告诉我们一个道理:不要急于评价别人或事物,也不能通过一个季节来判断一个人的一生。
1.D　【解析】细节理解题。根据“A man wanted his four sons”可知,本文提到了父亲和四个儿子,一共五个人,故选D。
2.C　【解析】细节理解题。根据“the third in summer”可知,三儿子夏天去的,故选C。
3.B　【解析】细节理解题。根据“The youngest son disagreed with all of them; he said it was full of fruit, full of life and full of fulfillment.”可知,最小的儿子说梨树充满了果实,充满了生命,充满了满足感。故选B。
4.B　【解析】推理判断题。根据“You cannot judge a tree or a person by only one season, ...can only be measured at the end.”可知,你不能仅凭一个季节来判断一棵树或一个人。选项B“树的一个季节不能显示它的本质”符合语境,故选B。
5.A　【解析】主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知,本文通过这个故事告诉我们一个道理:不要急于评价别人或事物,也不能通过一个季节来判断一个人的一生。故选A。
十一
(2021漳州一模,C)
In my freshman year, I asked myself, “Why am I in school?” I thought I was forced to be there, but I decided just to get along with it until I could find it meaningful.
One day it finally hit me. We were studying Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in our writing class. Each of us was asked to play a part, and I jokingly volunteered to play the nurse. They all laughed, thinking that I, a boy, couldn’t play it, but I decided I was going to be the best nurse ever to appear in the writing class. On the day of the performance I made it a success, and then I knew what school meant to me. School was then a place where I could explore unknown areas in my mind.Perhaps I hadn’t realized that before because I had never been brave enough to discover it.
To my new-found hunger for learning, I decided that I wouldn’t be shy any more. I began raising my hand higher in class discussions. In oral communication class, I chose unpopular speech topics and made them interesting. In British literature class, I chose to write a song for a creative project. Through these activities, I made classes interesting not only for me, but also for my classmates and teachers.
In short, I have discovered that learning is not something teenagers are forced to experience. Instead, learning is a way teenagers grow. What I want to tell my classmates is that I am a brave and creative actor, musician and writer, whose name each of my teachers knows by the end of their first class, will be reinforced (增强)each day through my brave behavior.
1.What’s the matter with the writer in the beginning?
A.He did badly in his studies.
B.He couldn’t get along well with others.
C.He wondered why he went to school.
D.His parents forced him to go to school.
2.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to the idea that 　　　. 
A.I played the nurse
B.learning in school is disappointing
C.we studied in the writing class
D.learning in school is meaningful
3.What helped the writer change his thought about school?
A.The performance.　　　 B.The teachers.
C.The class discussions.　　　 D.The speech topics.
4.In the end, the writer became 　　　in learning. 
A.serious　　　 B.active
C.unwilling　　　 D.impatient
5.What can we learn from the writer?
A.We should explore learning bravely.
B.We need to play a part in the writing class.
C.We should make teachers know our names.
D.We can learn to be actors, musicians and writers.
本文作者通过自己的经历告诉我们学校是一个可以探索未知领域的地方,学习并不是青少年被迫去经历的事情,相反是青少年成长的一种方式,鼓励我们勇敢地探索学习。
1.C　【解析】细节理解题。根据“In my freshman year,I asked myself, ‘Why am I in school?’”可知,作者一开始想知道自己为什么去上学。故选C。
2.D　【解析】词义猜测题。根据“but I decided just to get along with it until I could find it meaningful”和“One day it finally hit me.”可知,作者决定在学校,直到找到学习的意义,终于有一天,作者明白了。所以此处it指的是“在学校学习是有意义的”,故选D。
3.A　【解析】细节理解题。根据“On the day of the performance I made it a success, and then I knew what school meant to me.”可知,在表演的那天,作者成功了,然后知道了学校对自己来说意味着什么。故选A。
4.B　【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,作者不再害羞,在课堂上表现积极,故选B。
5.A　【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为学习是青少年成长的方式。他想告诉同学们在学习时他是勇敢且有创造力的演员、音乐家和作家。由此可知,这是作者探索学习的方式。所以从作者身上我们可以学到我们应该勇敢地探索学习,故选A。
十二
(2021福建,D)
　　If you have to describe yourself to someone else, what will you say? It can be difficult to see yourself from the outside, but knowing who you are, namely self-awareness, can help you understand feelings and make friendships closer.
Self-awareness means having a good understanding of our own character, that is, having the ability to see ourselves clearly. If you’re self-aware, you may know that you love playing an instrument because you do well in it, and music makes you happy, or that you prefer watching TV on your own because it helps you relax.
Knowing what you like and dislike, what you do well in and what you find difficult allows you to make better decisions about friendships, schoolwork and so on. You learn to trust your own feelings more, which builds confidence(信心). The World Health Organization says self-awareness is one of ten important life skills that help young people live happier, healthier lives. Being self-aware doesn’t mean only thinking of yourself. By understanding your own feelings, you will better understand other people too.
How do you learn to be self-aware? It’s a good way to ask questions. But ask yourself questions that start with “What” instead of “Why”. So if you don’t understand why you keep arguing with a friend, ask yourself what you disagree on instead of why you’re arguing.
Learning to be more self-aware is a skill, which means you learn it as you grow. So be bold and try out new things, like playing a new sport or listening to different kinds of music. Don’t be afraid to dislike something—discovering what you find difficult is a key part of learning more about yourself.
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.What self-awareness is.　　　
B.What true happiness is.
C.How to find true happiness.　　　
D.How to develop self-awareness.
2.Knowing yourself is important because 　　　. 
A.it’ll make you think more of yourself
B.it’ll make you perform better at school
C.it’ll help you learn how to ask proper questions
D.it’ll help you have a better understanding of others
3.What does the underlined word “bold” in the last paragraph probably mean in Chinese?
A.努力的 　　　 B.自豪的　　　
C.大胆的　　　 D.耐心的
4.What’s one of the keys to becoming more self-aware?
A.Being in high spirits.
B.Discovering your weak points.
C.Having a taste for pleasant music.
D.Learning to get along well with others.
5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A.It can be hard for you to know yourself well fromothers.
B.It takes a lot of time and energy to develop closefriendships.
C.It is important and necessary for you to make a rightdecision.
D.It is a must to stick to your opinions when arguing with others.
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍什么是自我意识,有自我意识有什么好处以及怎么培养自我意识等。
1.A　【解析】段落大意题。第二段的第一句为主题句,由此可知,第二段主要谈论了什么是自我意识。故答案为A。
2.D　【解析】细节理解题。由第三段最后两句“Being self-aware doesn’t mean only thinking of yourself. By understanding your own feelings, you will better understand other people too.”可知,了解自己有助于更好地了解别人。故答案为D。
3.C　【解析】词义猜测题。由下文的“try out new things”可知,尝试新事物需要勇气。所以推测画线词意为“大胆的”。故答案为C。
4.B　【解析】细节理解题。由本文最后一句中的“discovering what you find difficult is a key part of learning more about yourself”可知,发现自己的弱点是提高自我意识的关键之一。故答案为B。
5.A　【解析】细节理解题。由第一段第二句中的“It can be difficult to see yourself from the outside”可知从别人那儿了解自己是困难的。故答案为A。
十三
(2018福建,D)
Many Chinese people will wonder what presents to get for their moms on Mother’s Day, but not many know Mother’s Day is actually a festival from overseas.
Mother’s Day originated(起源)in America during the early 20th century. The festival spread to China as early as the 1980s and was widely accepted.
Why did a foreign festival become popular in China? In fact, traditional Chinese culture has always encouraged filial(孝顺的)devotion to parents. There are many stories which show filial respect in ancient China. For example, the story of“Taste Liquid(液体的)Medicine for Mother”tells us the filial virtue(美德)of Emperor Wen of the Western Han dynasty. His mother had been sick for three years. He often stayed up by her bedside and cared for her day and night. He tasted the liquid medicine first before she drank it. Also, mother love is a repeated subject in ancient Chinese poems, like“Song of the Parting Son”by Meng Jiao, a poet of the Tang dynasty. Now this poem is still a must in the school textbooks. Children in China are brought up with the education of filial devotion.
On special days, people often use roses or forget-me-nots to express love. Carnations are considered as the perfect flowers for mothers around the world, but few know that China has its own flower for mothers—the tiger lily.
Love for mothers can have different ways of expression. What matters most is love, not the festival itself. What mothers truly want is perhaps just a simple expression of love from their children.
1.When did Mother’s Day spread to China?
A.In the 1920s.
B.In the 1980s.
C.In the Western Han dynasty.
D.In the Tang dynasty.
2.What is the poem of “Song of the Parting Son”mainly about?
A.The filial virtue of Emperor Wen.
B.Caring for the old.
C.Traditional Chinese medicine.
D.A mother’s love for her son.
3.Mother’s Day is popular in China mainly because of　　　. 
A.its wide spread in many countries
B.our ancient stories of respecting parents
C.our traditional cultural values
D.its simple way of expressing love
4.What is regarded as the Chinese own flower for a mother?

5.What a mother truly wants on Mother’s Day may be　　　. 
A.a big dinner　　　B.a celebration party
C.greetings of the festival　　　D.expensive presents
本文为说明文。母亲节这个来自海外的节日为何会受到中国人的广泛接受呢?其实中国的传统文化一直都鼓励人们弘扬孝道。“为母尝药”的故事和孟郊所作的古诗《游子吟》都是有力的证明。
1.B　【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第二句“The festival spread to China as early as the 1980s...”可知,母亲节是在20世纪80年代传入中国的。故选B。
2.D　【解析】细节理解题。由第三段的“Also, mother love is a repeated subject in ancient Chinese poems...”可知《游子吟》描写的是一位妈妈对儿子的爱,故选D。
3.C　【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“In fact, traditional Chinese culture has always encouraged filial devotion to parents.”可知,母亲节在中国的流行是因为中国传统文化中的孝道,故选C。
4.D　【解析】细节理解题。从第四段中的“but few know that China has its own flower for mothers—the tiger lily”可知答案为D。
5.C　【解析】细节理解题。从文章最后一句“What mothers truly want is perhaps just a simple expression of love from their children.”可知答案为C。
十四
(2017福建,C)
No one knows when the first kite was made. The first record of a kite was more than 2,000 years ago in China. Han Xin, the leader of an army, wanted to bring down a king. He decided to dig a tunnel(隧道)into the king’s palace. He flew a kite over the wall of the palace to make sure the length(长度)of its string(线). In this way, he could determine how long the tunnel should be. His men in the tunnel took the kite string with them. When they reached the end of the string, they knew to dig up.
Kites have been flown in Japan for hundreds of years. In the 1700s, kites were flown in autumn to give thanks for a good harvest. They were also flown to send good wishes to couples who had their first son. Today in Japan, kites are often flown as part of a celebration, such as the beginning of a new year. And kite festivals are held each year in many parts of the country.
Kites have been used for scientific purposes in the Western world. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin tied a key to a kite and flew it in a storm to find out that lightning was a form of electricity. In the 1890s, Lawrence Hargrave invented the box kite to test ideas about flight. From 1898 until 1933, the United States Weather Bureau(气象局)used box kites to collect weather data. The Wright brothers also experimented(试验)with kites. What they learnt helped them make the first airplane flight in 1903.
1.Why did Han Xin want to dig a tunnel?
A.To pull down the palace.
B.To fight against the king.
C.To search for the king’s treasure.
D.To find out the length of the kite string.
2.What does the underlined word“determine”in Paragraph 1 probably mean in Chinese?
A.测定　　　B.选择　　　C.了解　　　D.考察
3.One of the purposes of flying kites in Japan is 　　　. 
A.to give thanks for a good harvest in summer
B.to express good wishes to the first-born daughter
C.to celebrate the beginning of a new year
D.to hold kite festivals all over the country
4.When did the United States Weather Bureau begin to use box kites?
A.In 1752.　　　B.In 1898.　　　C.In 1903.　　　D.In 1933.
5.What would be the best title for the text?
A.The History of Kites
B.The Experiments of Kites
C.The Invention of a Kite
D.The First Record of a Kite
本文为说明文。你知道世界上第一个风筝是什么时候被制作出来的吗?你知道多年以来人们都用风筝做了哪些事情吗?本文主要介绍了风筝的历史。
1.B　【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Han Xin, the leader of an army, wanted to bring down a king...the king’s palace.”可知韩信挖隧道的目的是击败这个国王,故本题选择B。fight against意为“与……做斗争”。
2.A　【解析】词义猜测题。由上文的“He flew a kite over the wall of the palace to make sure the length of its string.”可知韩信把风筝放过宫殿城墙的目的是确定风筝线的长度。用这种方法,他也就测定了隧道应该有多长,由此可知本题选择A。
3.C　【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Today in Japan...such as the beginning of a new year.”可知本题选择C。
4.B　【解析】细节理解题。由第三段中的“From 1898 until 1933...to collect weather data.”可知美国气象局从1898年到1933年用箱形风筝收集天气数据,故本题选择B。
5.A　【解析】标题归纳题。由本文各段按时间顺序描述风筝在中国、日本、美国的出现、发展、作用等可知本文在讲述风筝的历史,故本题选择A。
十五
(2021龙岩一模,D)
A cloned black-footed ferret(雪貂), Elizabeth Ann, born on Dec. 10, 2020, has become the first successful clone of an endangered animal in the US and has turned a new page in animal protection.
Black-footed ferrets are one of the most endangered animals in North America, with fewer than 500 in the wild. But in the early 1900s, they were widespread throughout the American West. Later, the ferrets disappeared with their primary food source, prairie dogs(土拨鼠) dying out.
Fortunately, thanks to the cloning technology, Elizabeth Ann came to the earth. She was cloned from Willa, a ferret who died in 1988. Willa’s genes(基因) were saved for years since the cloning technology was not perfect enough at that time. “The theory of genes showed the genetic value that Willa could bring to her babies,” Ryan Phelan, who was working in the project, told CNN. “But it was a promise to see this type of ferret that has led to the successful birth of Elizabeth Ann pass on.” If Elizabeth Ann can reproduce later on, the number of the ferrets may grow, which helps them stand stronger against natural risks, CBS news reported. However, the effects of cloning remain unclear, according to CNN.
Elizabeth Ann will not be put into the wild and will stay in the lab where she was born so researchers can study her, according to BBC. The team is now working on producing more “Elizabeth Anns” in the coming months. Besides that, researchers also point out the importance of protection for ferrets’ living places.
1.What can we know about the black-footed ferrets from the text?
A.They lead a happy life in the wild.
B.They have no chance to pass on.
C.They are in danger of dying out.
D.They can protect themselves well.
2.The black-footed ferrets are in a bad situation because of 　　　. 
A.the harm of hunting　　　B.the shortage of food
C.the change of genes　　　D.the pollution of water
3.According to the text, the scientists protect the black-footed ferrets through 　　　. 
A.providing enough food　　　
B.changing living places
C.keeping them in the lab　　　
D.using the cloning technology
4.Which picture may show the change of the ferrets if cloning technology works well?

5.What would be the best title of the text?
A.Effects of Cloning Technology
B.Ways of Protecting Animals
C.Cloning for Animal Protection
D.Research for Wild Animals
本文主要介绍了通过克隆技术出生的一只雪貂,成功地翻开了动物保护的新篇章,科学家致力于克隆更多的濒危动物,同时呼吁人们保护濒危动物。
1.C　【解析】细节理解题。根据“Black-footed ferrets are one of the most endangered animals in North America”可知,雪貂面临着灭绝的危险,故选C。
2.B　【解析】细节理解题。根据“Later, the ferrets disappeared with their primary food source, prairie dogs dying out.”可知,因为食物短缺,所以它们处于一个很糟糕的处境,故选B。
3.D　【解析】细节理解题。根据“Fortunately, thanks to the cloning technology, Elizabeth Ann came to the earth.”可知,通过克隆技术,科学家可以保护雪貂,故选D。
4.B　【解析】细节理解题。根据“If Elizabeth Ann can reproduce later on, the number of the ferrets may grow”可知,如果它能繁殖后代,雪貂的数量可能会增加,B图表符合,故选B。
5.C　【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了通过克隆技术来保护濒危动物,故选C。
十五
(2021福建,C)
　　In recent years, there have been many films about robots trying to take over the world. Studies show that up to 20 million factory jobs worldwide could be taken by robots in the next 10 years. Some people are worried about what might happen in the future.
On 8th September, 2020, The Guardian published(发表)an article written by a robot called GPT-3. It wrote that “robot” comes from the Greek word for “slave”(奴隶)and humans have nothing to fear from robots, which are only here to help humans. However, the fact that a robot could write such an article has made some people feel even more uneasy. Where is the robot technology heading? Can robots and humans work together?
YES—they’re here to help humans
Robots are created by humans for humans. Robots take on jobs that are too dangerous for people to do by themselves. Although robots might take some people’s jobs, they will create new types of work, and they will possibly create more jobs than they take away. Besides, robots’ programming could actually make them more trustworthy than humans, because they are not influenced by feelings.
NO—humans should not trust robots
Robots are already taking over the world. Jobs that used to be done by human beings are now being taken by robots. Although robots are under our control now, that might not always be the case. An experiment in Switzerland found that some robots had learnt how to lie to each other. With the development of AI(人工智能), robots could start to act in their own interests. Wherever possible, humans should do things themselves.
　　What’s your opinion on this matter?
1.What language does the word “robot” come from?
A.Greek.　B.English.　C.German.　D.French.
2.When learning that GPT-3 could write an article, some people feel 　　　. 
A.angry　B.excited　C.nervous　D.relaxed
3.What advantage of robots is mentioned in the text?
A.Acting in their own interests.　　　
B.Developing filming technology.
C.Working with different feelings.　　　
D.Doing unsafe work for humans.
4.What can we learn from the text?
A.GPT-3 will take over the world.
B.Some robots have learnt how to be lazy.
C.Robots are still under the control of humans now.
D.20 million people fear that they will lose their jobs.
5.What would be the best title for the text?
A.Will Robots Become Creative?
B.Should Humans Trust Robots?
C.Will Robots Do Harm to Humans?
D.Should Humans Do Things Themselves?
本文是一篇议论文。本文介绍了机器人发展的近况,并就机器人与人类的关系,尤其是信任关系,展开了正反两方面的探讨。
1.A　【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的“It wrote that ‘robot’ comes from the Greek word for ‘slave’”可知,“robot”一词来自希腊语。故答案为A。
2.C　【解析】细节理解题。由第二段倒数第三句“However, the fact that a robot could write such an article has made some people feel even more uneasy.”可知,机器人能写出这样的文章,让一些人感到更加紧张不安。故答案为C。
3.D　【解析】细节理解题。由第三段第二句“Robots take on jobs that are too dangerous for people to do by themselves.”可知,人们使用机器人做那些对于人类来说危险的工作。故答案为D。
4.C　【解析】细节理解题。由第四段第三句中的“Although robots are under our control now”可知,现在机器人仍然在人类的掌控之中。故答案为C。
5.B　【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要探讨了机器人与人类间的信任关系。故答案为B。
十六
(2021龙岩一模,B)
New trains run across mountains and the Great Wall to the north of Beijing like bullets(子弹). They run on a high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou that came into service in the last month of 2019.
The railway is an important support project for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The 174-km railway’s trains move at a top speed of 350 km/h. This reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the host cities of the Winter Games, from over three hours to only 47 minutes.
Some of the trains on this railway are smart trains that can run by themselves. With the help of BeiDou, they can start, run between stations, change their timing according to the schedule, accurately stop at a station, and open and close their doors. Passengers can also watch live events during the Winter Olympics on the train, which is equipped with 5G technology.
Some people refer to Zhan Tianyou as “the father of China’s railways”. He led construction of the old Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway, China’s first independently-designed railway.
Back in the Qing Dynasty, building a railway without foreign help was thought to be impossible. But Zhan, the main engineer of the railway project, believed that it could be done. After overcoming many difficulties, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou line was put into service in 1909. Its trains ran at 35 km/h.
As President Xi said, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway stands for the development of China’s railways over more than a century, as well as China’s development in general.
1.When was the new Beijing and Zhangjiakou line put into use?
A.In September.　　　B.In October.
C.In November.　　　D.In December.
2.What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A.The self-driving train.
B.The 2022 Winter Olympics.
C.The advantages of BeiDou.
D.The development of 5G.
3.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A.Reducing the travel time.
B.Watching live events.
C.Building China’s own railway.
D.Holding the Winter Olympics.
4.What can we know about Zhan Tianyou?
A.He produced the first train.
B.He designed China’s first railway.
C.He drove the first train in China.
D.He increased the speed of trains.
5.What can we infer(推断) from the text?
A.Zhan Tianyou is “the father of China’s high-speedrailways”.
B.The high-speed train runs five times faster than the first train.
C.The Beijing-Zhangjiakou line was designed by foreignengineers.
D.China has made great progress in developing high-speed railways.
文章介绍了京张高铁正式开通运营,为2022年北京冬奥会提供了交通运营服务保障,京张铁路见证了中国铁路的时代变迁。
1.D　【解析】细节理解题。根据They run on a high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou that came into service in the last month of 2019.可知,京张高铁于2019年最后一个月投入使用,即12月,故选D。
2.A　【解析】推理判断题。根据Some of the trains on this railway are smart trains that can run by themselves.可知,这里是对无人驾驶列车的介绍,故选A。
3.C　【解析】代词指代题。根据Back in the Qing Dynasty, building a railway without foreign help was thought to be impossible. But Zhan, the main engineer of the railway project, believed that it could be done.可知,在清朝时期,没有外国的帮助,修建铁路被认为是不可能的。但铁路项目的总工程师詹天佑认为这是可以做到的。所以it指代的是建设中国自己的铁路这件事情,故选C。
4.B　【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,有人把詹天佑称为“中国铁路之父”,他领导了中国第一条独立设计的旧京张铁路的建设。故选B。
5.D　【解析】推理判断题。根据前两段内容和最后一段内容可知,中国在发展高速铁路方面取得了很大的进步。故选D。
十七
(2021厦门一模,D)
A big sandstorm hit northern China on March 15th, 2021. It covered many cities with thick clouds of yellow dust(尘土).
The sandstorm, which came from Mongolia(蒙古), was the largest sandstorm to hit China in the past 10 years. Many flights and classes were canceled because the visibility(能见度) was lower than 500 meters.
The sandstorm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area, together with the strong winds from Mongolia. “There has been little rainfall so far this spring and temperature is rising. So now it is a worrying time for sandstorms,” said an expert from Beijing.

In recent years, sandstorms haven’t been as common in northern China as before. The land with desertification(荒漠化) has been falling by 7,585 km2 per year in China, and the area of sandy land has been decreasing by 1,284 km2 a year. This is due to China’s Three-North Shelter Forest Program(TNSFP,三北防护林工程) which started in the 1970s. Millions of trees have been planted in northern China to prevent sandstorms and protect the environment.
Besides, China has a color-graded warning system for sandstorms (as shown in the picture), with red meaning the most serious, followed by orange, yellow, blue and green. Therefore, people would have time to get prepared for the sandstorm.
1.According to the passage, the sandstorm in March 　　　. 
A.covered many cities with rain
B.came from northern China
C.has been the biggest one since 2011
D.improved the visibility to 500m
2.Paragraph 3 mainly talks about the 　　　　of the sandstorm. 
A.results　　　 B.causes　　　 C.history　　　 D.areas
3.The underlined word “decreasing” in Paragraph 4 means 　　　. 
A.going down　　　 B.rising up
C.taking up　　　 D.running out
4.If the visibility in your city is 400m, a(n) 　　　warning will be given out. 
A.red　　　 B.orange　　　 C.yellow　　　 D.blue
5.The passage introduces TNSFP and the warning system to show 　　　. 
A.where the serious sandstorms come from
B.why people should protect the environment
C.how to protect ourselves during sandstorms
D.what China has done to fight against sandstorms
本文是一篇新闻报道,向我们介绍了2021年3月15日的一场大沙尘暴。
1.C　【解析】细节理解题。根据“A big sandstorm hit northern China on March 15th, 2021.”和“The sandstorm, which came from Mongolia, was the largest sandstorm to hit China in the past 10 years.”可知,三月份的这场沙尘暴是2011年以来最大的一次。故选C。
2.B　【解析】段落大意题。根据“The sandstorm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area, together with the strong winds from Mongolia.”可知,本段主要介绍了沙尘暴形成的原因,故选B。
3.A　【解析】词义猜测题。画线词所在句子的前面是一个分句,其中出现了falling,由此可推知画线词decreasing与falling意思相近或相反,故选A。
4.B　【解析】细节理解题。根据图片可知,能见度为400米属于heavy sandstorm,根据“red meaning the most serious, followed by orange, yellow, blue and green”可知,应该用橙色表示,故选B。
5.D　【解析】推理判断题。根据“This is due to China’s Three-North Shelter Forest Program which started in the 1970s. Millions of trees have been planted in northern China to prevent sandstorms and protect the environment.”可知,三北防护林工程始于20世纪70年代,为了防止沙尘暴和保护环境,中国北方种植了数百万棵树。所以介绍三北防护林工程是为了展示中国为抗击沙尘暴所做的努力。故选D。