湖南省永州市2021年中考英语试题（含详解）

这是一份湖南省永州市2021年中考英语试题（含详解），共26页。
湖南省永州市2021年中考英语试题（版）
第一部分 听力技能 (共两节，计20分)
第一节 (共5分，每小题1分) 听下面五段材料，每段材料后各有1个小题，从各小题所给的A、B、C三个选顶中选出最佳答案，井标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
1. What is Grace doing now?

2. What’s the mater with the woman?

3. What does Alice do after school?

4. Where is the watch made?

5. How does Kate go to school?

第二节 (共15分，每小题1分) 听下面六段材料，每段材料后各有几个小题，从各小题所给的A、B、C三个选顶中选出最佳答案，井标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
听第一段材料，回答第6~7小题。
6. Where does the man want to go?
A. A bank. B. A hotel. C. A supermarket.
7. How far is it from here to the destination (目的地)?
A. About 4 kilometers. B. About 4 kilometers. C. About 6 kilometers.
听第二段材料，回答第8~9小题。
8. What kind of music does Jane look like?
A. Pop. B. Rock. C. Country.
9. When shall they meet?
A. At 2:00 p.m. B. At 2:30 p.m. C. At 3:00 p.m.
听第三段材料，回答第10~11小题。
10. What does the man want to buy?
A. Shirts. B. Coats. C. Skirts.
11. How much will the woman pay for the gifts?
A. 20 dollars. B. 35 dollars. C. 40 dollars.
听第四段材料，回答第12~14小题。
12. How was the weather on Saturday?
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
13. What did Mary do on Sunday afternoon?
A. She visited her grandparents.
B. She played with her brother.
C. She volunteered in an old people’s home.
14. What did Mike think was the most delicious?
A. Salad B. Cake. C. Popcorn.
听第五段材料，回答第15~17小题。
15. What subjects should Lucy study hard?
A. Math and science. B. Medicine and chemistry. C. Math and chemistry.
16. What does Bob want to be?
A. An inventor. B. A doctor. C. A teacher.
17. What does Bob think of medicine?
A. Different. B. Fun. C. Easy.
听第六段材料，回答第18~20小题。
18. How does reading make us feel?
A. Happy. B. Tired. C. Bored
19. Why may good readers become good writers?
A. Because they can read a book anywhere.
B. Because their schoolwork may become better.
C. Because they may have more things to write about.
20. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Reading is a good hobby. B. Reading is Fun. C. How to read faster.
第二部分 阅读技能 (共两节，计50分)
第一节 阅读选择 (共40分，每小题2分) 阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在件答题卡上将该编号字母涂黑。
A
China’s unbelievable high-speed rail network

At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country, with low average speeds making journeys such as Shanghai-Beijing a test of travel.
Today, it’s a completely different picture. With 37,900 kilometers of lines, linking all of its major big cities. China has the world’s largest work of high-speed railways. Half of that total has been completed in the last five years alone, with a further 3,700 kilometers due to open in the coming months of 2021. The network is expected to double in length again, to 70,000 kilometers, by 2035.
1. How were the trains in China at the beginning of the 21st century?
A. Fast. B. Comfortable. C. Crowded.
2. How many kilometers of lines are due to open in the coming months of 2021?
A. 3,700. B. 37,900. C. 70,000.
【答案】1. C 2. A
【】
【分析】文章通过今昔对比介绍了中国高铁的发展。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country...”可知，21世纪初，中国的铁路是缓慢、拥挤，而且常常让人不舒服的，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“with a further 3,700 kilometers due to open in the coming months of 2021.”可知，在2021年的未来几个月里，有3,700公里的线路将要开通，故选A。
B

3. 41.0% of kids aged ________ use the Internet.
A. 5—9 B. 10—13 C. 14—17
4. What percentage of kids gets news or information online?
A. 89%. B. 76%. C. 38%.
5. What do 43% of kids usually do on the Internet?
A. Play games. B. Buy books. C. Send or receive instant messages.
【答案】3. A 4. B 5. B
【】
【分析】文章是对不同年龄段的孩子上网所占比的介绍以及孩子们喜欢在网上做的事情的统计表。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据图表一中41.0%对应的是5—9岁的孩子，故选A。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据右侧表格中“Go online to get news or information...”对应的是76%，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据右侧表格中43%对应的内容“Buy things...such as books, clothing...”可知，43%的孩子通常在网上买书，故选B。
C

Can a green machine help the world’s poorest kids learn better? Nicholas Negroponte thinks so. He and his team of scientists have invented a new type of computer. As a result, many children who live in poverty (贫穷) will have their own laptop computers!
Negroponte works at a university. He started a group called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC). The people at OLPC don’t work for money. They work to help children learn. OLPC makes computers that don’t cost a lot. Then they sell the machines to governments of countries that have many people live in poverty. The governments then give the computes to kids for free.
The XO Laptop computers are made for school-aged children in developing nations. Many of these children live in faraway areas and go to schools with classrooms. In order to work, the laptops have to be lasting and student-friendly.
The machines have many fun characters like a built-in video camera, voice recording, and games. The WiFi lets students share information on the Web and read e-books. They also can make music and chat with friends.
Another great character is that it can last for a long time. It can be hand charged and also can be recharged by connecting to a solar panel. Because of these characters the XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment.
The computers have a colorful name—“the green machine”. Negroponte thinks they could make a difference in the lives of millions of kids. He says, “Every problem you can think of—poverty, peace, the environment—is solved with education.”
OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years. Kids in Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them. China and Egypt also want to take part in the program. After that, Negroponte hopes to sell computers to other countries with high poverty.
6. Negroponte thinks his laptop computers will help the world’s poorest kids to ________.
A. work at home B. go to school on time C. learn better
7. What can we know about the people at OLPC according to Paragraph 2?
A. They work for money.
B. They give computers to kids for free.
C. They sell computers to governments with many people living in poverty.
8. Why do XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment?
A. Because they are lasting and student-friendly.
B. Because they are made for school-aged children.
C. Because they have a colorful name.
9. What does the underlined word “charged” mean in Chinese?
A. 携带 B. 充电 C. 使用
10. Who will get most of the computers in the next few years?
A. Kids in Thailand. B. Kids in China. C. Kids in Egypt.
【答案】6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A
【】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Negroponte和他的科学团队发明了一种新型电脑，这个绿色机器能帮助世界上贫穷的孩子更好地学习。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Can a green machine help the world’s poorest kids learn better? Nicholas Negroponte thinks so. He and his team of scientists have invented a new type of computer.”可知，Negroponte认为他的电脑可以帮助最穷困的孩子更好的学习。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“ OLPC makes computers that don’t cost a lot. Then they sell the machines to governments of countries that have many people live in poverty. The governments then give the computes to kids for free.”可知，他们把这些电脑卖给那些有很多人生活在贫困中的国家的政府。然后政府将这些计算机免费提供给孩子们。故选C。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The machines have many fun characters like a built-in video camera...They also can make music and chat with friends.”和“Another great character is that it can last for a long time ”可知，因为这种机器持续时间长，而且可以供学生娱乐，所以有趣。故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“...also can be recharged by connecting to a solar panel”可知，此处的“charged”指的是充电，故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据“OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years. Kids in Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them. ”可知，泰国、尼日利亚、巴西和阿根廷的孩子将获得其中大部分，故选A。
D

Dogs might have the latest tools in the fight against cancer (癌症); their noses! Researchers at California’s Pine Street Foundation (PSF) say they have trained five dogs to smell cancer on a prison’s breath. This could be exciting news.
A dog’s sense of smell may be 10,000 to 100,000 times stronger than ours. But can dogs really smell illness? PSF researcher Michael McCulloch says yes. “We were very surprised by how exact they were,” he said. “They were telling who had cancer, and they were also saying who didn’t.”
Dogs in the Pine Street Foundation test were trained to sit when they smelled cancer. How well did they perform? Take a look at this chart to find out.
Breath Sample
Number of Times the Dogs Sat down
Number of Times the Dogs Kept Standing
Breath from lung cancer patients
564
10
Breath from healthy persons
4
708
McCulloch and his team asked four healthy people and one with cancer to blow into plastic tubes (塑料管). Special materials in the tubes kept the things of each breath. The tubes were then placed one yard apart. Finally, the dogs were allowed to smell the tubes. Each dog had been trained for three weeks to sit when it smelled cancer. Ninety-nine percent of the time, the dug sat next to the tubes blown into by patients with lung cancer. The dogs were right 88 percent of the time about breast cancer.
No lab test for cancer has given more correct results than this test. The results are so amazing that many experts question the dogs’ smelling power. They wonder if there were other reasons why the dogs did so well. For example, they thought the way the dog trainers behaved could have influenced how the dogs acted. However, most experts agree that this study is important. The information could help scientists create a simple breath test for cancer in the future. Once again, humans may be getting a helping paw or nose—from their best animal friends.
11. What’s the latest tool a dog might have in the fight against cancer?
A. Tooth. B. Nose. C. Ear.
12. What happened first in the Pine Street Foundation test?
A. The dogs were trained. B. The tubes were placed one yard apart.
C. The dogs smelled the tubes.
13. What was a dog supposed to do when it smelled cancer?
A. Smell again. B. Turn around. C. Sit down.
14. Look at the chart. How many times did the dogs keep standing when they smelled the breath from healthy persons?
A. Less than 10 times. B. Almost 600 times. C. About 700 times.
15. Why do many experts question the dog’s smelling power?
A. Because no lab test for cancer has given more correct results.
B. Because the dog trainers influenced how the dogs acted.
C. Because they don’t think this study is important.
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. B
【】
【分析】文章介绍了狗利用它们灵敏的嗅觉识别癌症的事情，并通过实例证实，由此说明狗可能对医学问题有帮助。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Dogs might have the latest tools in the fight against cancer (癌症); their noses!”可知，狗可能拥有最新的抗癌工具是它们的鼻子，故选B。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Dogs in the Pine Street Foundation test were trained to sit when they smelled cancer. How well did they perform? Take a look at this chart to find out.”可推知，松树街基金会的狗在嗅到癌症的实验中首先是要接受训练。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Finally, the dogs were allowed to smell the tubes. Each dog had been trained for three weeks to sit when it smelled cancer.”可知，狗如果嗅到了癌症就会坐下来，故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中的显示“Breath from healthy persons”和“Number of Times the Dogs Kept Standing”对应的数字是708，故选C。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The results are so amazing that many experts question the dogs’ smelling power...For example, they thought the way the dog trainers behaved could have influenced how the dogs acted.”可知，许多专家质疑狗的嗅觉能力。他们认为驯狗师的行为方式可能会影响狗的行为。故选B。
E

What do you do with your rubbish? Throw it out? You don’t know what you’re missing! Look closely at the two figures on your left. They were made from things most people throw away. The figures were made from used bottle caps. Those two bottle-cap figures were exhibited (展示) in a museum.
Folk art is art made by common people who have not been trained as artists. Their work is often based on traditions in their culture. Fine art, on the other hand, is usually made by people who have had training in art. Works of fine art are valued for their artistic beauty. They are supposed to be looked at but not used. Works of folk art, however, are often made for everyday use.
There were more than 800 pieces of folk art from nearly 50 countries in the exhibition. All of the pieces were made from used metal, wood, cloth, and plastic. The artists come from many different cultures. Still, they all share one thing. They take objects that are normally thrown away and change them into objects that are beautiful, useful, and fun. The artists may not think of what they do as recycling, but that’s exactly what it is. Fine artists might work with expensive materials. They might use expensive tools to shape these materials into works of art. On the other hand, in poor countries rubbish might be the only material folk artists and toy makers can afford. The exhibition shows that a rich imagination is very important when there are only poor materials. Recycled art began long before people began to think about recycling. Some of the objects in the exhibition date from the 1930s.
Even if you don’t create art out of rubbish, it’s good to save our natural resources. Remember the three Rules: reduce, reuse, recycle. If you reduce waste, true things instead of throwing them out, and recycle materials such as paper, plastic, and glass, you will protect the environment.
16. Which idea belongs in the empty box?
Conclusion (结论)
Details

Art based on cultural traditions
Art made for everyday use
Art made with used materials

A. Folk art is made by people who are not trained artists
B. The artists come from many different cultures
C. Recycled art began long before people started recycling
17. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. There was more than 800 pieces of fine art.
B. Folk artists can’t shape expensive materials into works of art.
C. Poor materials also can be made into works of art.
18. What is the same thing of the pieces in the exhibition share?
A. They are all woks of fine art. B. They are all made from used materials.
C. They are all made by the trained artists.
19. What can we do to protect our environment?
A. Throw away used materials. B. Only use expensive materials.
C. Recycle materials.
20. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Used Bottle Caps B. The Art of Recycling C. A Museum Exhibition
【答案】16. C 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. B
【】
【分析】文章介绍了废旧物品作品展览，比较了美术作品与民间艺术，呼吁大家从小事做起，变废为宝，保护环境。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据“On the other hand, in poor countries rubbish might be the only material folk artists and toy makers can afford...Some of the objects in the exhibition date from the 1930s.”可知，这里主要是介绍回收艺术情况，故选C。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据“ They take objects that are normally thrown away and change them into objects that are beautiful, useful, and fun...The exhibition shows that a rich imagination is very important when there are only poor materials.”可知，劣质的材料也可以制成艺术品，故选C。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Still, they all share one thing. They take objects that are normally thrown away and change them into objects that are beautiful, useful, and fun.”可知，展览分享中的作品都是精美的艺术品，故选A。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据“If you reduce waste, true things instead of throwing them out, and recycle materials such as paper, plastic, and glass, you will protect the environment.”可知，回收材料对保护环境有好处，故选C。
【20题详解】
最佳标题题。根据“What do you do with your rubbish? Throw it out? You don’t know what you’re missing!...Those two bottle-cap figures were exhibited (展示) in a museum.”及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍废旧物品作品展览，呼吁大家从小事做起，变废为宝，保护环境，故选B。
第二节 阅读匹配 (共10分，每小题2分)
阅读下面的短文，从所给的A~F六个选项中，选出正确的答案填空，使短文通顺，内容完整，并在答题卡上将该编号字母涂黑，其中选项中有一项是多余的。
5 ways to train your brain for better sleep
The days are longer, full of sunshine and bright with the promise of enjoying a more relaxing spring and summer with your loved ones. But if you want to enjoy your daytime, it’s time to improve your sleep during the night-time. “Sleep problems endanger health and quality (质量) of life for up to 45% of the world’s population,” according to the World Sleep Society.
Sleep is one of the three keys to a healthier, longer life (the others are diet and exercise). ____21____. Here are the top five ways to improve your sleep and get some relax:
Create a sleep nest
____22____. Science tells us that we sleep better in cooler temperatures of about 60 to 67 degrees Fahrenheit (15℃ to 20℃).
Develop a routine
Set up a bedtime ritual by taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book or listening to soft music. You’re teaching your mind to relax. And stick to it. Go to bed and get up at the same time each day, even on weekends or your days off. ____23____.
Cut the lights
Production of the sleep hormone melatonin (荷尔蒙褪黑激素) begins at dark. Research has found that the body will slow or stop it with light on, to get away from any light, even the blue light from your charging smart phone.
Refuse the wine
Don’t turn to wine to make you calm or help you sleep. ____24____. Your body needs to experience all three steps of sleep—light sleep dream, and deep sleep—to fully repair itself.
____25____
Heavy and spicy foods may give you heartburn or other digestive problems, thus influencing your ability to get and stay asleep.
If you try these tips and can’t seem to relax, or your sleep continues to worsen, be sure to reach out to your doctor or a mental health professional.
A. The body likes routine
B. Avoid heavy or hot foods
C. Refuse coffee later in the day
D. One of the first tasks is to set up your sleep environment
E. Wine may help you fall asleep, but it holds you in the lighter sleep
F. Many of the ways to increase the quality of your sleep are easy to follow
【答案】21. F 22. D 23. A 24. E 25. B
【】
【分析】文中介绍了5种训练大脑以获得更好睡眠的方法。
【21题详解】
根据“Here are the top five ways to improve your sleep and get some relax:”介绍改善睡眠的五种最有用的方法，前面应提出有很多改善方法，F项“很多提高睡眠质量的方法都很容易遵循”符合语境。故选F。
【22题详解】
根据“Create a sleep nest”可知这一段讲创建适合睡眠的地方，D项“首要任务之一就是建立你的睡眠环境”符合语境。故选D。
【23题详解】
根据“Develop a routine”可知要发展睡眠规律，A项“身体喜欢惯例”符合语境。故选A。
【24题详解】
根据“Refuse the wine”可知此处讲睡前不能喝酒的原因，E项“酒可能会帮助你入睡，但它会让你进入较浅的睡眠状态”符合语境。故选E。
【25题详解】
根据“Heavy and spicy foods may give you heartburn or other digestive problems, thus influencing your ability to get and stay asleep.”可知此处讲不要吃油腻或辣的食物，B项“避免油腻或辣的食物”符合语境。故选B。
第三部分 知识运用 (共两节，计20分)
第一节 词语填空 (共10分，每小题1分)
阅读下面的内容，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该编号字母涂黑。
My whole life has changed because of COVID-19. It’s very upsetting because we can’t ____26____ anyone else and we can’t go to others’ homes. We have been at home, but I ____27____ the healthcare workers who have risked their lives every day to help us stay healthy and safe. Here, I describe my experience during this time.
Coming back home from my spring vacation, I got news that school is closed for two weeks.
Being a kid, I got ____28____ but I didn’t know what was waiting for us. I never thought I would be doing my classes online months later.
Right after the “stay at home” order, my mother tested positive for COVID-19 and our family was quarantined (隔离) for 14 days. It was really challenging for all of us, especially for my ____29____, who got sick. Those were the worst two weeks in my life.
Watching my mother ____30____ fever, cough, and shortness of breath was heartbreaking. I had tears in my eyes, but I didn’t tell my parents about it. I was thankful that my father is a ____31____ who knows how to treat COVID-19 patients. After three weeks, my mother got better.
My father is a true hero. Not only was he taking care of us, but also he has been treating patients with COVID-19 every day and ____32____ the community selflessly. I am proud of him.
This ____33____ has taught me to be thankful for things we have in life. My father has ____34____ me to be selfless, helpful, and brave. It is OK to be anxious, but remember that there is ____35____ at the end of the channel (隧道) and life will get normal again.
26. A. e-mail B. call C. meet
27. A. admire B. like C. miss
28. A. surprised B. excited C. worried
29. A. sister B. father C. mother
30. A. continue B. stand C. accept
31. A. doctor B. worker C. teacher
32. A. controlling B. serving C. cleaning
33. A. accident B. journey C. experience
34. A. asked B. told C. taught
35. A. light B. sign C. wind
【答案】26. C 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. A
【】
【分析】文章讲述了作者一家在疫情期间的情况以及从这段经历中学会的道理。
【26题详解】
句意：因为我们不能见任何人，也不能去别人家。
e-mail电子邮件；call打电话；meet遇见；根据“anyone else and we can’t go to others’ homes”及常识可知，疫情期间最好不要外出，也就是不能见到人，故选C。
【27题详解】
句意：我们一直在家，但我钦佩那些每天冒着生命危险帮助我们保持健康和安全的医护人员。
admire钦佩；like喜欢；miss想念；根据“the healthcare workers who have risked their lives every day to help us stay healthy and safe”可知，对于一线的医护人员应该是钦佩的，故选A。
【28题详解】
句意：作为一个孩子，我很惊讶，但我不知道什么在等着我们。
surprised惊讶的；excited激动的；worried担忧的；根据“I got news that school is closed for two weeks.”以及“but I didn’t know what was waiting for us.”以及“I never thought I would be doing my classes online months later.”可知，对于从未有过的突如其来的消息，作者应该是感到很惊讶，故选A。
【29题详解】
句意：这对我们所有人来说都是一个挑战，尤其是对我生病的母亲。
sister姐妹；father父亲；mother母亲；根据“my mother tested positive for COVID-19”以及“who got sick”可知，此处指的是母亲，故选C。
【30题详解】
句意：看着母亲继续发烧、咳嗽、气短，我很伤心，眼里含着泪水，但我没有告诉父母这件事。
continue继续；stand站立；accept接受；根据“fever, cough, and shortness of breath was heartbreaking”可知，是描述母亲的病情，在持续的发烧、咳嗽、气短，故选A。
【31题详解】
句意：我很感激我的父亲是一个知道如何治疗COVID-19患者的医生。
doctor医生；worker工人；teacher老师；根据“how to treat COVID-19 patients”可知，父亲是医生，故选A。
【32题详解】
句意：他不仅照顾我们，而且每天都在治疗COVID-19患者，无私地为社区服务。
controlling控制；serving服务；cleaning清洁；根据“the community selflessly”可知，是父亲无私地为社区服务，故选B。
【33题详解】
句意：这段经历教会我要对生活中所拥有的东西心存感激。
accident事故；journey旅程；experience经历；根据“Those were the worst two weeks in my life.”及常识可知，这是一段经历，故选C。
【34题详解】
句意：我父亲教导我要无私，乐于助人，勇敢。
asked问；told告诉；taught教；根据“Not only he was taking care of us...I am proud of him.”可知，是父亲教导作者要学会无私，乐于助人，勇敢，故选C。
【35题详解】
句意：焦虑是可以的，但要记住，光明就在通道的尽头，生活将恢复正常。
light光；sign迹象；wind风；根据“at the end of the channel (隧道) and life will get normal again.”可知，此处指的是光明就在尽头，故选A。
第二节 语法填空 (共10分，每小题1分)
阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(限1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子通顺完整。
36. Nowadays, better medical care and cleaner water help people live ________ (long).
【答案】longer
【】
【详解】句意：如今，更好的医疗保健和更清洁的水有助于人们长寿。long长的，形容词；根据“Nowadays, better medical care and cleaner water help people live...”可知，此处表示更好的医疗保健和更干净的水可以让人们活的时间更长，此处应用long的比较级形式longer。故填longer。
37. At the very heart of Beijing, the Palace Museum is China’s largest of all the ancient ________ (building).
【答案】buildings
【】
【详解】句意：位于北京中心的故宫是中国最大的古建筑。building“建筑”，名词；根据“all”可知，空处应用复数形式，故填buildings。
38. People around the world are working on ________ (reduce) the causes of global warming.
【答案】reducing
【】
【详解】句意：全世界的人们都在致力于减少全球变暖的原因。on是介词，后接动词ing形式，故填reducing。
39. He who has not climbed ________ Great Wall is not a true man.
【答案】the
【】
【详解】句意：不到长城非好汉。the Great Wall“长城”，是普通名词构成的专有名词，前面要用定冠词the，故填the。
40. The official language of China is Putonghua, ________ the foreigners usually call it Mandarin.
【答案】while
【】
【详解】句意：中国的官方语言是普通话，而外国人通常称之为Mandarin。前句表示中国官方语言为“Putonghua”，而后句表示外国人称之为“Mandarin”，前后句之间轻微转折，两者对比，用并列连词while。故填while。
41. Mid-Autumn Festival is a special time for families and it is ________ on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.
【答案】celebrated
【】
【详解】句意：中秋节对家庭来说是一个特殊的日子，在农历八月十五庆祝。根据“it is...on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month”可知，此处指中秋节在农历八月十五庆祝，celebrate庆祝，动词；celebrate与Mid-Autumn Festival是被动关系，此处用被动语态，空前有is，此处为一般现在时的被动语态，结构为：be done，应填celebrate的过去分词形式celebrated。故填celebrated。
42. Chairman Mao once ________ (say) that women could hold up half the sky.
【答案】said
【】
【详解】句意：毛主席曾说过，妇女能顶半边天。根据once可知，此处用一般过去时，say“说”，动词，所以用其过去式。故填said。
43. China ________ (have) three main types of teas: green tea, black lea and wulong tea, a halfway between black and green tea.
【答案】has
【】
分析】
【详解】句意：中国有三种主要的茶的种类:绿茶,红茶和乌龙茶,乌龙茶是介于红茶和绿茶的一种。句子是一般现在时，主语“China”是单数，谓语动词用 “have”的三单形式是“has”。故填has。
44. Mattew Chimudzi wants to study Chinese so that he can have a good ________ (communicate) with people in China one day.
【答案】communication
【】
【详解】句意：Mattew Chimudzi想要学习中文，这样有一天他可以和中国人很好的交流。根据a可知，此处要用一个名词的单数形式，communicate是动词，其对应的名词是communication，故填communication。
45. When it comes to my birthdays, I would like to invite my friends ________ (watch) a movie.
【答案】to watch
【】
【详解】句意：当谈到我的生日时，我想邀请我的朋友去看电影。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事，用动词不定式to watch作宾语补足语。故填to watch。
第四部分 写作技能 (共三节，计30分)
第一节 回答问题 (共10分，每小题2分)
阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。

Rice is one of the most commonly eaten basic foods around the world. Buying it and cooking it is a daily matter. Yet for many, its presence has been a matter of life and death. It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience. A poor community in the developing world may find it difficult to bring in foreign fruits or raise cattle for meat, but it can almost certainly use the land it has in order to grow plenty of rice.
This was the great achievement of Yuan Longping, who passed away on May 22 this year. A great Chinese scientist, Yuan successfully developed what is known as “hybrid rice” which can produce up a 30% higher output. Yuan Longping was born in the year 1930, a time when China was very different. It was a nation, without modern industry, depending on the rice which they grew. The first few decades (十年) of his life were met with major social events, and a rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time. This experience left its mark on Yuan Longping, which made him focus on (关注) farming science and work on his research of hybrid rice.
His achievement would see the rice supply in China increasing from 56.9 million tons in 1950 to 194.7 million tons by 2017. By 1991, 20% of the world’s rice output came from hybrid rice, even if only being planted in 10% of fields.
Always remember, human development begins first with the most basic and sample things, such as developing rice. We should be thankful for scientific thinkers like Yuan.
46. Why is rice a main food around the world?
________________
47. What did Yuan develop successfully?
________________
48. When was Yuan Longping born?
________________
49. What made Yuan focus on farming science?
________________
50. How many tons was the rice supply in China by 2017?
________________
【答案】46. It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience.
47. Hybrid rice./He developed hybrid rice successfully.
48. He was born in the year 1930./In the year 1930./In 1930.
49. The rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time.
50. 194.7 million tons.
【】
【分析】文章介绍了中国杂交水稻之父——袁隆平的事迹以及杂交水稻的情况。
【46题详解】
根据“It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience.”可知，因为它容易生长，成本低并且方便。故填It is a main food because it is easy to grow, besides low cost and convenience.
【47题详解】
根据“Yuan successfully developed what is known as “hybrid rice” which can produce up a 30% higher output.”可知，袁隆平成功地培育了杂交水稻，故填Hybrid rice./He developed hybrid rice successfully.
【48题详解】
根据“Yuan Longping was born in the year 1930”可知，袁隆平出生于1930年，故填He was born in the year 1930./In the year 1930./In 1930.
【49题详解】
根据“The first few decades (十年) of his life were met with major social events, and a rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time. This experience left its mark on Yuan Longping, which made him focus on (关注) farming science and work on his research of hybrid rice.”可知，在他生命的最初几十年里，他遇到了重大的社会事件，人口的迅速增长使得食物供应不能一直持续下去。这段经历在袁隆平身上留下了印记，使他专注于农学研究，致力于杂交水稻的研究。故填The rapidly growing population that made food supply not last all the time.
【50题详解】
根据“His achievement would see the rice supply in China increasing from 56.9 million tons in 1950 to 194.7 million tons by 2017.”可知，到2017年，中国大米供应量是19470万吨，故填194.7 million tons.
第二节 语篇翻译(共8分，每小题2分)
阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语，并将答案填写在答题卡上对应题号的横线上。
The role of the disabled in society

The 2022 Paralympic Winter Games will be held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in north China’s Hebei province.
Hosting the Paralympic Games will help draw attention to the need for countries to do more to make sure equal chances for all people in society. 1.It is necessary to realize the great achievements which are made by disabled people.
2.残疾人在中国的生活已经改善了很多，and more achievements are expected to be seen as the country has been speeding up to realize the goal of achieving “equality, participation and sharing,” as expressed in the 2019 White Paper on China’s 70 years of progress in dealing with the needs of the disabled.
3.The Chinese government is trying to solve the needs of the disabled and provide them with new chances. For example, buildings, holds, public transport and other public places are becoming more wheelchair friendly.
Modern media also play an important role in educating the public about the needs of the disabled and also changing society’s image of them, so there is greater focus on their special abilities rather than on their abilities.
In fact, the society’s most disabled people provide all of us with important lessons. They show us confidence, creativity and positivity. The loser will fail 99 times and then give up. 4.要成功，你必须有耐心，永不放弃。You must always learn from your failures, and move on.
51. ________________
52. ________________
53. ________________
54. ________________
【答案】51. 实现残疾人的伟大成就是很必要的。
52. The life of the disabled in China has improved a lot.
53. 中国政府正在努力解决残疾人的需要，为他们提供新的机会。
54. To succeed, you must be patient and never give up.
【】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。2022年冬季残奥会即将举行，短文主要介绍了残疾人在社会中的作用以及中国政府在解决残疾人的需要方面所做的努力。
【51题详解】
it它，形式主语；is necessary是必需的；to realize the great achievements实现伟大成就，真正的主语；which are made by disabled people：被残疾人创造，定语从句，修饰名词the great achievements。故填：实现残疾人的伟大成就是很必要的。
【52题详解】
残疾人在中国的生活：the life of the disabled in China；改善：improve；很多：a lot。结合语境，此句应用现在完成时，构成形式为：have/has done；主语“the life of the disabled in China”是第三人称单数形式，故助动词应用has；improve的过去分词是improved。故填The life of the disabled in China has improved a lot.
【53题详解】
the Chinese government中国政府；is trying to solve the needs of the disabled正在努力解决残疾人的需要；and provide them with new chances给他们提供新的机会。故填：中国政府正在努力解决残疾人的需要，为他们提供新的机会。
【54题详解】
成功：succeed；你：you；必须有耐心：must be patient：永不放弃：never give up。根据句意，此句可以用动词不定式作目的状语，置于句首。故填To succeed, you must be patient and never give up.
第三节 书面表达(共12分)
55. 每个人心中都有一个闪亮的名字，如张桂梅、钟南山、你的妈妈×××……假如你是李华，请给你的英国笔友Linda写一封电子邮件，介绍你心目中的一位英雄。
注意：
（1）信中必须包含英雄的基本信息和主要事迹；
（2）信中不得出现自己的校名和姓名；
（3） 80词左右(首段已给出，不计入总词数)。
Dear Linda,
How are you getting on? I’m writing this email to share a story with you.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文：
Dear Linda,
How are you getting on? I’m writing this email to share a story with you. As we know, most people have heroes in their hearts. For me, Dr. Zhong Nanshan is my hero in my heart. He graduated from Beijing Medical College. He is one of the famous doctors in China.
In the winter of 2019, the COVID-19 broke out in China and across the whole world. Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle against it. He worked hard day and night treating the patients. With the help of him, soon the COVID-19 was under control.
He is a good doctor as well as a great hero in my heart. I think a hero should not only be brave, but also be ready to help others.
Yours,
Li Hua
【】
【详解】1.题目解读：题目要求给自己的英国笔友Linda写一封电子邮件，介绍自己心目中的一位英雄，信中需包含英雄的基本信息和主要事迹。
2.写作指导：本文在陈述事实和观点时，时态采用一般现在时为主，在描述发生在过去事情时，时态采用一般过去时为主，人称主要为第一人称和第三人称；注意本文是一封电子邮件，要按照正确的格式来写作；可以先列出写作要点及每个要点可能用到的表达，再进行写作，要条理清晰，行文连贯；最后写作完成时应检查文章的表达是否符合语言规范和英文表达习惯等。