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2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点18 议论文（C卷）
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2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点18 议论文（C卷）
1.You are a member in a full-time school called "life", Each day here you will have the opportunity to learn lessons. You may like the lessons or hate them, but you have designed them as part of your curriculum.
Why are you here? What is your purpose? Humans have sought to discover the meaning of life for a very long time. What we and our ancestors have to overlook is that there is no answer. The meaning of life is different for every individual.
Each person has his own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's. As you are travelling your life path, you will be presented with numerous lessons you will need to learn in order to achieve that purpose. The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and achieving the meaning of your own life.
As you are travelling through your lifetime, you may meet challenging lessons that others don't have to face, while others spend years struggling with challenges that you don't need to deal with. You may never know why you are blessed with a wonderful marriage, while your friends suffer painful divorces, just as you cannot be sure why you struggle financially while your peers enjoy abundance. The only thing you can count on is that you will be presented with all the lessons that you specifically need to learn.
The challenge, therefore, is to connect yourself with your own unique path by learning individual lessons. This is one of the most difficult challenges you will face in your lifetime, as sometimes your path will be different from others'. But don't compare your path with that of people around you and focus on the differences between their lessons and yours. You need to remember that you will only face lessons that you can learn and that are specific to your own growth.
Our sense of fairness is the expectation of equality. Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult life path than others around you. Everyone's circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently.
1. According to the passage, how can the meaning of your life be realized?
A. Gathering different opinions from others.
B. Taking the distinct path from others'.
C. Learning the lessons presented to you.
D. Doing the different things from others'.
2. From the passage we can conclude _____.
A. everyone has his own track to follow
B. unexpected things usually happen to the peers
C. a painful divorce must lie in financial problems
D. a wealthy man must have a wonderful marriage
3. In your lifetime, the lessons you are faced with _____.
A. are beyond your power
B. stop you from growing
C. limit your development
D. help you with your success
4. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. All things are equal.
B. You should learn to deal with specific problems differently from others.
C. One has to fix his mind on the unfairness of circumstances.
D. You can complain life is unfair whenever possible.
2. According to the Study Abroad Trend Report for 2018, conducted by Chinese education website Eol. cn, the number of Chinese students who study abroad to gain a bachelor's degree or below is rising, and the current group of Chinese overseas students is younger than those in the past years.
Du Xiying, a Beijing-based study-abroad agent, has first-hand experience working with this younger crop of students. "When I started this job some 10 years ago, almost all cases were filed by college graduates trying to apply for a master's degree in the US, UK, Australia and Canada," said Du. "Now quite a number of my clients are high school graduates, and my company even employed some experienced consultants to satisfy the increasing need of college-bound Chinese students." However, in the eyes of Du, most of them are not ready to put themselves in a completely different context at such a young age. Although there are no statistics available, according to Du's observations, college-bound high school graduates from China fall into two groups. There is a group of students from well-off families, with good grades and excellent command of English, and there is another group who did not do very well in their college entrance exams, so they seek to study abroad as a solution to their troubles. "In recent years, with the financial ability of Chinese families growing with the country's development, buying into college is very common," said Du.
Complaints come from both destination schools in the US and parents of students. Going abroad at a young age needs a great deal of discipline(自律), and college students don't usually live at home-stays so they are free from management. A considerable quantity of students have ended with being dismissed(开除).
As to the dismissal issue, Du said it's inevitable due to the large number of students crowding abroad. It's just not easy to ensure quality. But she does think both students and parents should be responsible for their own investment of both time and money. "The worst case is that a family throws out 1 million yuan for their child to come home with nothing, not even fluent English," said Du.
1.What change is mentioned in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2？
A. The age of Chinese students studying abroad is getting younger.
B. More Chinese students studying abroad are getting a master's degree.
C. Excellent students prefer studying abroad to taking college entrance exams.
D. Chinese students' grades are improving due to professional consultants' help.
2.Which opinion does Du probably agree with？
A. Most young students are qualified to study abroad.
B. Buying into schools could be a good solution to students' problems.
C. Destination schools should be responsible for the management of students.
D. Parents and students should be cautious about the decision to study abroad.
3.Why do some students fail in their oversea study？
A. They are not financially supported.
B. They are rejected by destination schools.
C. They can't live up to their parents' expectations.
D. They can't live and study abroad independently.
4.What does the underlined word "inevitable" in paragraph 4 mean？
A. Can't be avoided. B. Can't be ignored.
C. Can't be realized. D. Can't be predicted.
3. Climate breakdown threatens to cause a global food production crisis. The UN forecasts that by 2050, feeding the world will require a 20% expansion in global water use for agriculture. It is hard to see how agriculture can feed the population of the planet, let alone toward the end of the century and beyond. Agriculture is a major cause of climate breakdown, and both river and air pollution. Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.
However, at this critical time, farming (a new kind of food technology) is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet. Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions (排放物). It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂). It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right, it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.
We are about to welcome one of the biggest economic transformations, of any kind, for 200 years. Arguments continue about plants against meat-based diets; however, new technologies will soon make these arguments irrelevant. Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms (微生物).
Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier. Due to the fact that farming creates food products built up from simple components rather than broken down from complex ones, hard fats and other unhealthy components can be screened out. Meat will still be meat, but it will be grown in factories rather than in the bodies of animals. Fats will still be fats, but food is likely to be better, cheaper and much less damaging to the living planet.
1.What is the major cause of sea ecological breakdown?
A.Food production. B.Global farming.
C.Industrial fishing. D.Climate breakdown.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ferming?
A.Its benefits. B.Its security. C.Its research. D.Its limits.
3.What will provide the majority of food in the near future?
A.Sea animals. B.Wild plants. C.Micro-organisms. D.Farm products.
4.Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude to ferming?
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Unclear.
4. Water keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.
About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced Day Zero—the day when all its dams would be dry.
Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发) from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.
All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.
To address this issue, what can be done? First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米). Experts are looking for ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking for ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.
1.What can we know from Paragraph 2?
A.A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.
B.Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.
C.Underground water should be used to meet the water demand.
D.Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.
2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A.Rainfall is not as steady as before.
B.Climate change may lead to water shortages.
C.The water supply relies more on rainfall.
D.Hotter weather changes the water demand.
3.What can farmers do to deal with water shortage?
A.Plug leaks in the water distribution system.
B.Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.
C.Reduce the number of people in the cities.
D.Grow less-water consumption crops instead.
4.What will be discussed if the passage continues?
A.How to prevent from climate change.
B.How to inspire people to save water.
C.How to recycle wastewater in cities.
D.How to make people get access to clean water.
5. Of course, not all kids actually want to go outside. With the right approach, though, psychologist Mary Alvord, said parents can do a lot to encourage positive experiences in the natural world.
It helps to make it part of your family's schedule. "When my kids were young, they would come home from school, have a snack, then it was like: 'All right, you have to go outside and play before you start anything else,' " she said. "From the start, it's about setting the expectation for outdoors time."
If that isn't already on the family schedule, Alvord suggested parents be open and honest about making a change. Call a family meeting and discuss what they would like to do outside. When introducing more time outdoors, Alvord said parents may have to do some reframing(重新构造) to get kids on board. "The frame is: how can you make it appealing and fun?" she said. If it's cold and rainy outside, that might mean presenting the day as a chance to look for frogs. Every season, Alvord said, brings changes that can engage children's curiosity.
If your child says she doesn't want to go out because she's doing something else, Alvord suggested giving her a chance to finish. "Say, 'Our outdoors time starts in 15 minutes,' " she said, so they can finish a game or wrap up another activity.
Parents' attitudes count a lot, Alvord said, which may mean getting out of your own comfort zone even as you're encouraging your child to head outdoors. Try rethinking your attitude toward "bad" weather or getting dirty, for example. And if you're hoping to develop your child's sense of wonder at the natural world, it could help to reconnect with your own, whether you're watching the stars, going for a hike or just feeding birds in a nearby park.
1.What is helpful for parents to encourage kids to go outside?
A.Offering them some snacks. B.Making going outside a routine.
C.Letting them finish homework first. D.Playing games with their children.
2.What are parents advised to do according to Paragraph 3?
A.Host a family meeting outside. B.Stay with their children more often.
C.Adjust outdoor activities with seasons. D.Appeal to more families to be involved.
3.What is important for the children to head outdoors?
A.Comfort zone. B.Parents' attitudes.
C.A lot of activities. D.Others' encouragement.
4.What is the text intended to do?
A.Get the children close to nature. B.Rebuild the family relationship.
C.Reconnect with the outside world. D.Introduce a brand-new outdoor sport.
6."What are you?" they ask. "Guess," I say. Some suggest I have Japanese eyes. Others think I'm Filipino, maybe Indian. Few guess the truth: I am Mexican American. But it's not like I've ever worn that name alone. I'm part of a younger generation of Americans whose identity is shaped neither by where we came from nor where we ended up.
My parents know the California immigrant experience first-hand. They grew up picking fruit in the San Joaquin Valley, knowing what it was to be poor, but also knowing what it was to be Mexican. Wanting a better life for their children, they went to college and got professional jobs. By the time I was born, they were fully accepted into the middle class. I grew up in the racially mixed zones of Sacramento, and when my parents talked of their years in the fields it was hard to connect those stories to where we found ourselves now.
By the time I reached my teens, difference had announced itself. We were all struggling for a sense of individuality, looking everywhere but where we came from. Identity became goods. Wearing certain clothes and liking certain kinds of music created social categories.
I became a junkman, sorting through the ruins of pop culture past looking for the pieces of myself. In love with the Beatles, I linked myself to England. Fascinated by Japanese cartoon, I took language classes at the local Buddhist temple.
I grew up American to a fault, rarely considering my own people's culture and humanity. I left Sacramento and moved to San Francisco's Mission District to put myself together again. There I first saw my people living in a separate community that had its own language, one I'd never learned. My brown face led people to ask me for directions in Spanish. I could only respond with a universally understood shrug.
"This is what I am," I said to myself, looking at a street full of newly arrived immigrants. No, that wasn't quite it. I corrected myself: "This is where I come from."
Is it tragic that I grew up far from my mother culture, discovering it so late in life? I prefer to think that my American upbringing has taught me to apply insights from many different cultures to my everyday life. I am a product not just of Mexico or the U.S. but of the world as a whole.
1. Where does the writer grow up?
A. In Sacramento. B. In a Mexico town.
C. In the San Joaquin Valley. D. In San Francisco's Mission District.
2. What did the writer learn from his American upbringing?
A. To promote mother culture. B. To adapt to new surroundings.
C. To clearly express individuality. D. To learn from different cultures.
3. You can infer from the article that the writer ________.
A. liked to play sports B. wanted to learn Spanish
C. was interested in different cultures D. did not like living in San Francisco
4. This article is mainly about ________.
A. the growing pains of immigrants B. the culture differences in America
C. the author's exploration of his identity D. the problems of immigrants in America
7. The siesta competition took place in a supermarket, with plenty of shoppers, screaming babies, talking voices, and footsteps to take the competitors' attention away from their after lunch sleeps.
Five bright blue sofas were laid out, and five competitors at a time were allowed to take a 20-minute sleep. A doctor measured their pulse to time how long they actually spent on asleep. Competitors earned extra points for snoring(打鼾),sleeping in strange positions, or wearing silly pajamas(睡衣).The winners of each round advance to the next stage in the competition.
It's amazing that any of those people would fall asleep in the middle of such a busy place, while on couches that they are not used to. Yet, many of them did. They hugged pillows or soft toy bears. They covered their eyes with sleep masks, too. Whatever it took to help them fall asleep fast and stay asleep.
The siesta is a tradition in Spain that many feel is becoming forgotten. It used to be that people would take a brief nap after lunch every day. This would energize them, and keep them going for the rest of the day. Not to mention the health benefits of a good nap. But, that's all changing. People are too busy making money or watching gossip shows on TV after lunch to care about taking a nap.
The National Association of Friends of the Siesta wants to bring Spain back to their traditional roots. They are doing this by having the siesta competition. They set up the competition to reward the best sleepers with money. Actually, they were paid to sleep.
There are really health benefits to a midday nap. We could all learn from this tradition. It's a much better way to get more energy than drinking a cup of coffee. It is also believed that a nap, and in fact a good night's sleep, can help reduce heart disease. The more rested we are, the less stress we feel with day-to-day life.
1.The underlined word " siesta " here probably means" _____ "
A.oversleep B.night sleep
C.a short sleep after supper D.a short sleep after lunch
2.In what situation did the competition take place?
A.In a noisy place. B.In a quiet place.
C.In a comfortable place. D.In a familiar place.
3.When the competitors went to sleep, they could ____.
A.have their own beds B.use nothing to cover their eyes
C.have doctors to help them D.use something to help them sleep
4.The competition is held because the Association wants to _____.
A.know if people still know the traditional habit
B.call on people to have their traditional habit
C.do some research on how people sleep
D.give people money in this way
8. Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making headlines quite often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and sponsors. Young sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned. It seemed there is confusion about the competence and independence of young people.
The popular psychologists tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals. Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters.
But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”. Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams.
Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived (事先形成的 ) views about young people. Nor should young “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses individualism. The teenage years are when most of us “ordinary” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others.
1.What can we learn about Jessica Watson?
A.She was criticized by the government.
B.She eventually canceled her voyage.
C.She has traveled around the world.
D.She made a successful voyage.
2.What can be inferred about teenagers from the text?
A.They have similar abilities.
B.They make decisions on their own.
C.They always make wrong judgments.
D.They need supports of responsible adults.
3.Who does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Parents. B.Teenagers. C.Psychologists. D.Adults.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Divided Opinions on Young Adventurers
B.Problems Faced by Adventurous Teens
C.Various Ways to Become Independent
D.Pressure to Achieve Personal Goals
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4CADB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and achieving the meaning of your own life. 可知,你面临的教训是针对你的,学习这些教训是发现和实现你人生意义的关键。所以想要实现自己人生的意义,就要学习呈现在自己面前的种种教训。A项(收集别人的不同意见)在文中没有提及;B项(选择与众不同的道路)和D项(做和别人不一样的事情)不是实现自己人生意义的方式。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Each person has his own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's.可知,每个人都有自己的目标和独特的人生道路,都是独一无二的、不同于其他人的。由此可推断,每个人都有不同于他人的人生道路。B项(意料之外的事情通常会发生在同伴身上)、C项(痛苦的离婚必定在于经济问题)、D项(一个有钱人的婚姻一定很美满)在文中没有提及。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句You need to remember that you will only face lessons that you can learn and that are specific to your own growth.可知,你只会面临你能学到的教训,而且是针对你自身成长的。由此可知,人生中面临的教训可以帮助你成长,从而获得成功。A 项(超出你的能力范围)、B项(阻止你成长)和C项(限制你的发展)在文中都没有提及。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Everyone' circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently.可知,每个人的情况都是独一无二的,每个人都需要以不同的方式处理自己的问题。所以B项(你应该学会以不同于别人的方式处理特定的问题)正确。根据最后一段第二句Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult life path than others around you.可知,事实上,生活是不公平的,你的人生道路也许确实比你周围的人艰难。所以A项(一切事物都是平等的)不正确;C项(人们必须注意情况的不公平) 和D项(只要有可能,你就可以抱怨生活是不公平的)在文中没有提及。故选B。
2.答案:1-4 ADDA
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段大意,尤其是第一段结尾…and the current group of Chinese overseas students is younger than those in the past years. 目前的中国留学生群体比过去几年更年轻。可知近年来去往英美等国家的中国留学生年轻化。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段提到的有些中国留学生无法自律,无法毕业的问题,以及最后一段第三句But she does think both students and parents should be responsible for their own investment of both time and money.但她认为学生和家长都应该为自己的时间和金钱投资负责。可知杜认为,孩子和家长都应该对出国留学的投资负责,应该更谨慎地做决定。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句…most of them are not ready to put themselves in a completely different context at such a young age. 他们中的大多数人还没有准备好在这么小的年纪把自己放在一个完全不同的环境中。和倒数第二句…and there is another group who did not do very well in their college entrance exams, so they seek to study abroad as a solution to their troubles.还有一群高考成绩不好,所以他们寻求出国留学来解决自己的问题。以及第三段提到中国留学生缺乏自律的问题,可知有些中国留学生没有能力独立适应国外的生活和学习。故选D。
4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句As to the dismissal issue, Du said it's inevitable due to the large number of students crowding abroad. It's just not easy to ensure quality. 由于大量的学生涌入国外,保证质量是不容易。可知杜说由于学生数量多,难以保证质量,所以被大学开除的问题是"难以避免的"。A.Can't be avoided.难以避免;B.Can't be ignored.不可忽视;C.Can't be realized.不能意识到;D.Can't be predicted.不可预测。故选A。
3.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.(类似地,工业捕捞也导致了世界各地海洋生态的破坏。)"可知,造成海洋生态破坏的原因是工业捕捞。故选C。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions(排) It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂)It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right.it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.”(农业将使大片陆地和海洋回归自然,大大减少碳排放。这意味着不再使用动物,停止过度捕捞,大幅减沙砍伐森林和杀虫剂的使用。这是阻止地球毁灭的最好希望,如果做得对,这意味着每个人都能获得廉价而丰富的食物。)可知,本段主要讲述农业的好处。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"可知,作者认为在不久的将来,人们的食物来源主要是微生物。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句However, at this critical time, farming(a new kind of food technology)is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet.(然而,在这个关键时刻,农业(一种新的食品技术)正在创造拯救人类和地球的惊人可能性。)"和第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"以及第四段最后一句Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier.(食物不仅会更便宜,也会更健康。)”可知,作者认为农业可以解决人类面临的粮食危机,而且人们的主要食物来源会改变,同时食物也会更实惠更健康,以上评价都是正向的,因此最能描述作者对农业观点态度的是积极的。故选B。
4.答案:1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.B
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第一句 "About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water." 可知,世界上四分之一的人生活在水资源短缺的环境中。故选A。
2.段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是第一句 "Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages." 可知,气候变化使得水资源短缺问题更加严重。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句 "And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米)." 可知,农民可以通过种植需水量较少的作物以代替需水量大的作物以应对水资源短缺问题。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 "They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and famers to use less water." 可知,科学家们正在寻找能够鼓励人们、工厂和农民节约用水的方法。由此可推知,文章接下来会讨论如何鼓励人们节约水资源。故选B。
5.答案：1-4 BCBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"It helps to make it part of your family's schedule."并结合第一段内容可知, 制定外出的日程有助于家长们鼓励孩子们外出。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段内容尤其是最后一句"Every season, Alvord said, brings changes that can engage children's curiosity."可知, 父母应该根据季节调整户外活动。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是第一句中的"Parents' attitudes count a lot"可知, 父母的态度对于孩子们去户外来说是很重要的。故选B。
4.写作意图题。通读全文可知, 文章介绍了父母可以做些事来鼓励孩子进行户外活动的建议。由此可推知, 本文旨在鼓励孩子们接近大自然。故选A。
6.答案:1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.C
解析:1.细节理解题。由第二段"I grew up in the racially mixed zones of Sacramento"可知,作者在Sacramento 多种族区长大。所以作者在Sacramento长大。故选A。
2.细节理解题。由最后一段"I prefer to think that my American upbringing has taught me to apply insights from many different cultures to my everyday life."可知,我更愿意认为,我在美国的成长经历教会了我将许多不同文化的深刻见解应用到日常生活中。所以作者从他的美国成长经历中学到要向不同的文化学习。故选D。
3.推理判断题。由第四段"I became a junkman, sorting through the ruins of pop culture past looking for the pieces of myself. In love with the Beatles, I linked myself to England. Fascinated by Japanese cartoon, I took language classes at the local Buddhist temple."可知,我成了一名拾荒者,在过去流行文化的废墟中寻找自己的碎片。我爱上披头士,所以我把自己和英国联系在一起。我迷上了日本漫画,所以去当地的佛教寺庙学习了日语。所以通过关键词"Beatles, England, Japanese cartoon, took language classes"可以判断出,作者对不同的文化很感兴趣。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段"I'm part of a younger generation of Americans whose identity is shaped neither by where we came from nor where we ended up."可知,作者是美国年轻一代的一员,他们的身份既不受他们来自哪里,也不受他们结束在哪里的影响。以及下文作者对于自己成长经历的叙述都在说明作者在探索着自己的身份。所以短文主要是关于作者对于自己身份的探索。故选C。
7.答案:1.D; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B
解析:1.词义猜测题.根据第四段中"The siesta is a tradition in Spain that many feel is becoming forgotten. It used to be that people would take a brief nap after lunch every day." (午睡是西班牙的一项传统,许多人觉得这项传统正在被遗忘.过去,人们每天午饭后都会小睡-会儿。由此可知第一段中的划线词的意思是"a short sleep after lunch午饭后的小睡"。故选D。
2.推理判断题.根据第三段中"It's amazing that any of those people would fall asleep in the middle of such a busy place, while on couches that they are not used to"(在陌生的沙发上,这些人中任何一个人能在这样嘈杂的地方睡着都足以让人十分惊讶。可知,比赛是在嘈杂的地方进行的。故选A。
3.推理判断题.根据第三段中"They hugged pillows or soft toy bears. They covered their eyes with sleep masks, too. Whatever it took to help them fall asleep fast and stay asleep." (他们抱着枕头或柔软的玩具熊,也有人用睡眠面罩蒙住眼晴,或者用其他任何能帮助他们快速入眠安稳睡着的东西.可知,当参赛者去睡时,他们可以用一些东西来帮助他们入睡。故选D。
4.推理判断题.根据第五段第一句"the National Association of Friends of the Siesta wants to bring Spain back to their traditional roots." National Association of Friends of The Siesta想让西班牙回归传统.)可知,举办这项比赛是因为协会想要号召人们养成他们的传统习惯。故选B。
8.答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her 'a hero for young Australians' when she returned." 可知,政府要求 Jessica Watson 取消航行,但在她返回时总理称她为"澳大利亚年轻人的英雄"。 由此可知,Jessica Watson进行了一次成功的航行。故选D。A项"她受到了政府的批评。" ;B项"她最终取消了航行; C项"她周游了澳大利亚"。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age... by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters."可知,青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持。故选D。A项与第二段中的"Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities."矛盾;B项所述观点文中未提及;C项提到的"他们总是做出错误的判断。"太过武断,文中第二段第一句只是提到青少年可能会做出错误的判断。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段画线词所在句子以及上文 "But it's also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson's."可知,认为任何16岁的青少年都渴望获得和Jessica Watson 一样不寻常的成就也是错误的。Watson称自己为"一个有梦想的普通女孩"。她这样做的目的是鼓励青少年,但是这个想法可能产生相反的效果,使他们感到自己不够好,因为(在他们看来)伟大的成就是他们不可触及的。所以,画线词them指代的是前文提到的青少年。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻,一位名叫Jessica Watson的青少年成了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄,对此人们有着不同的看法。故A 项"对年轻冒险者的不同看法"概括了本文内容。故选A。 B项"有冒险精神的青少年面临的问题";C项"变得独立的各种各样的方法";D项"实现个人目标的压力"。故选A。
2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点18 议论文（C卷）
1.You are a member in a full-time school called "life", Each day here you will have the opportunity to learn lessons. You may like the lessons or hate them, but you have designed them as part of your curriculum.
Why are you here? What is your purpose? Humans have sought to discover the meaning of life for a very long time. What we and our ancestors have to overlook is that there is no answer. The meaning of life is different for every individual.
Each person has his own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's. As you are travelling your life path, you will be presented with numerous lessons you will need to learn in order to achieve that purpose. The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and achieving the meaning of your own life.
As you are travelling through your lifetime, you may meet challenging lessons that others don't have to face, while others spend years struggling with challenges that you don't need to deal with. You may never know why you are blessed with a wonderful marriage, while your friends suffer painful divorces, just as you cannot be sure why you struggle financially while your peers enjoy abundance. The only thing you can count on is that you will be presented with all the lessons that you specifically need to learn.
The challenge, therefore, is to connect yourself with your own unique path by learning individual lessons. This is one of the most difficult challenges you will face in your lifetime, as sometimes your path will be different from others'. But don't compare your path with that of people around you and focus on the differences between their lessons and yours. You need to remember that you will only face lessons that you can learn and that are specific to your own growth.
Our sense of fairness is the expectation of equality. Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult life path than others around you. Everyone's circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently.
1. According to the passage, how can the meaning of your life be realized?
A. Gathering different opinions from others.
B. Taking the distinct path from others'.
C. Learning the lessons presented to you.
D. Doing the different things from others'.
2. From the passage we can conclude _____.
A. everyone has his own track to follow
B. unexpected things usually happen to the peers
C. a painful divorce must lie in financial problems
D. a wealthy man must have a wonderful marriage
3. In your lifetime, the lessons you are faced with _____.
A. are beyond your power
B. stop you from growing
C. limit your development
D. help you with your success
4. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. All things are equal.
B. You should learn to deal with specific problems differently from others.
C. One has to fix his mind on the unfairness of circumstances.
D. You can complain life is unfair whenever possible.
2. According to the Study Abroad Trend Report for 2018, conducted by Chinese education website Eol. cn, the number of Chinese students who study abroad to gain a bachelor's degree or below is rising, and the current group of Chinese overseas students is younger than those in the past years.
Du Xiying, a Beijing-based study-abroad agent, has first-hand experience working with this younger crop of students. "When I started this job some 10 years ago, almost all cases were filed by college graduates trying to apply for a master's degree in the US, UK, Australia and Canada," said Du. "Now quite a number of my clients are high school graduates, and my company even employed some experienced consultants to satisfy the increasing need of college-bound Chinese students." However, in the eyes of Du, most of them are not ready to put themselves in a completely different context at such a young age. Although there are no statistics available, according to Du's observations, college-bound high school graduates from China fall into two groups. There is a group of students from well-off families, with good grades and excellent command of English, and there is another group who did not do very well in their college entrance exams, so they seek to study abroad as a solution to their troubles. "In recent years, with the financial ability of Chinese families growing with the country's development, buying into college is very common," said Du.
Complaints come from both destination schools in the US and parents of students. Going abroad at a young age needs a great deal of discipline(自律), and college students don't usually live at home-stays so they are free from management. A considerable quantity of students have ended with being dismissed(开除).
As to the dismissal issue, Du said it's inevitable due to the large number of students crowding abroad. It's just not easy to ensure quality. But she does think both students and parents should be responsible for their own investment of both time and money. "The worst case is that a family throws out 1 million yuan for their child to come home with nothing, not even fluent English," said Du.
1.What change is mentioned in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2？
A. The age of Chinese students studying abroad is getting younger.
B. More Chinese students studying abroad are getting a master's degree.
C. Excellent students prefer studying abroad to taking college entrance exams.
D. Chinese students' grades are improving due to professional consultants' help.
2.Which opinion does Du probably agree with？
A. Most young students are qualified to study abroad.
B. Buying into schools could be a good solution to students' problems.
C. Destination schools should be responsible for the management of students.
D. Parents and students should be cautious about the decision to study abroad.
3.Why do some students fail in their oversea study？
A. They are not financially supported.
B. They are rejected by destination schools.
C. They can't live up to their parents' expectations.
D. They can't live and study abroad independently.
4.What does the underlined word "inevitable" in paragraph 4 mean？
A. Can't be avoided. B. Can't be ignored.
C. Can't be realized. D. Can't be predicted.
3. Climate breakdown threatens to cause a global food production crisis. The UN forecasts that by 2050, feeding the world will require a 20% expansion in global water use for agriculture. It is hard to see how agriculture can feed the population of the planet, let alone toward the end of the century and beyond. Agriculture is a major cause of climate breakdown, and both river and air pollution. Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.
However, at this critical time, farming (a new kind of food technology) is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet. Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions (排放物). It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂). It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right, it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.
We are about to welcome one of the biggest economic transformations, of any kind, for 200 years. Arguments continue about plants against meat-based diets; however, new technologies will soon make these arguments irrelevant. Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms (微生物).
Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier. Due to the fact that farming creates food products built up from simple components rather than broken down from complex ones, hard fats and other unhealthy components can be screened out. Meat will still be meat, but it will be grown in factories rather than in the bodies of animals. Fats will still be fats, but food is likely to be better, cheaper and much less damaging to the living planet.
1.What is the major cause of sea ecological breakdown?
A.Food production. B.Global farming.
C.Industrial fishing. D.Climate breakdown.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ferming?
A.Its benefits. B.Its security. C.Its research. D.Its limits.
3.What will provide the majority of food in the near future?
A.Sea animals. B.Wild plants. C.Micro-organisms. D.Farm products.
4.Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude to ferming?
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Unclear.
4. Water keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.
About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced Day Zero—the day when all its dams would be dry.
Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发) from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.
All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.
To address this issue, what can be done? First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米). Experts are looking for ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking for ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.
1.What can we know from Paragraph 2?
A.A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.
B.Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.
C.Underground water should be used to meet the water demand.
D.Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.
2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A.Rainfall is not as steady as before.
B.Climate change may lead to water shortages.
C.The water supply relies more on rainfall.
D.Hotter weather changes the water demand.
3.What can farmers do to deal with water shortage?
A.Plug leaks in the water distribution system.
B.Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.
C.Reduce the number of people in the cities.
D.Grow less-water consumption crops instead.
4.What will be discussed if the passage continues?
A.How to prevent from climate change.
B.How to inspire people to save water.
C.How to recycle wastewater in cities.
D.How to make people get access to clean water.
5. Of course, not all kids actually want to go outside. With the right approach, though, psychologist Mary Alvord, said parents can do a lot to encourage positive experiences in the natural world.
It helps to make it part of your family's schedule. "When my kids were young, they would come home from school, have a snack, then it was like: 'All right, you have to go outside and play before you start anything else,' " she said. "From the start, it's about setting the expectation for outdoors time."
If that isn't already on the family schedule, Alvord suggested parents be open and honest about making a change. Call a family meeting and discuss what they would like to do outside. When introducing more time outdoors, Alvord said parents may have to do some reframing(重新构造) to get kids on board. "The frame is: how can you make it appealing and fun?" she said. If it's cold and rainy outside, that might mean presenting the day as a chance to look for frogs. Every season, Alvord said, brings changes that can engage children's curiosity.
If your child says she doesn't want to go out because she's doing something else, Alvord suggested giving her a chance to finish. "Say, 'Our outdoors time starts in 15 minutes,' " she said, so they can finish a game or wrap up another activity.
Parents' attitudes count a lot, Alvord said, which may mean getting out of your own comfort zone even as you're encouraging your child to head outdoors. Try rethinking your attitude toward "bad" weather or getting dirty, for example. And if you're hoping to develop your child's sense of wonder at the natural world, it could help to reconnect with your own, whether you're watching the stars, going for a hike or just feeding birds in a nearby park.
1.What is helpful for parents to encourage kids to go outside?
A.Offering them some snacks. B.Making going outside a routine.
C.Letting them finish homework first. D.Playing games with their children.
2.What are parents advised to do according to Paragraph 3?
A.Host a family meeting outside. B.Stay with their children more often.
C.Adjust outdoor activities with seasons. D.Appeal to more families to be involved.
3.What is important for the children to head outdoors?
A.Comfort zone. B.Parents' attitudes.
C.A lot of activities. D.Others' encouragement.
4.What is the text intended to do?
A.Get the children close to nature. B.Rebuild the family relationship.
C.Reconnect with the outside world. D.Introduce a brand-new outdoor sport.
6."What are you?" they ask. "Guess," I say. Some suggest I have Japanese eyes. Others think I'm Filipino, maybe Indian. Few guess the truth: I am Mexican American. But it's not like I've ever worn that name alone. I'm part of a younger generation of Americans whose identity is shaped neither by where we came from nor where we ended up.
My parents know the California immigrant experience first-hand. They grew up picking fruit in the San Joaquin Valley, knowing what it was to be poor, but also knowing what it was to be Mexican. Wanting a better life for their children, they went to college and got professional jobs. By the time I was born, they were fully accepted into the middle class. I grew up in the racially mixed zones of Sacramento, and when my parents talked of their years in the fields it was hard to connect those stories to where we found ourselves now.
By the time I reached my teens, difference had announced itself. We were all struggling for a sense of individuality, looking everywhere but where we came from. Identity became goods. Wearing certain clothes and liking certain kinds of music created social categories.
I became a junkman, sorting through the ruins of pop culture past looking for the pieces of myself. In love with the Beatles, I linked myself to England. Fascinated by Japanese cartoon, I took language classes at the local Buddhist temple.
I grew up American to a fault, rarely considering my own people's culture and humanity. I left Sacramento and moved to San Francisco's Mission District to put myself together again. There I first saw my people living in a separate community that had its own language, one I'd never learned. My brown face led people to ask me for directions in Spanish. I could only respond with a universally understood shrug.
"This is what I am," I said to myself, looking at a street full of newly arrived immigrants. No, that wasn't quite it. I corrected myself: "This is where I come from."
Is it tragic that I grew up far from my mother culture, discovering it so late in life? I prefer to think that my American upbringing has taught me to apply insights from many different cultures to my everyday life. I am a product not just of Mexico or the U.S. but of the world as a whole.
1. Where does the writer grow up?
A. In Sacramento. B. In a Mexico town.
C. In the San Joaquin Valley. D. In San Francisco's Mission District.
2. What did the writer learn from his American upbringing?
A. To promote mother culture. B. To adapt to new surroundings.
C. To clearly express individuality. D. To learn from different cultures.
3. You can infer from the article that the writer ________.
A. liked to play sports B. wanted to learn Spanish
C. was interested in different cultures D. did not like living in San Francisco
4. This article is mainly about ________.
A. the growing pains of immigrants B. the culture differences in America
C. the author's exploration of his identity D. the problems of immigrants in America
7. The siesta competition took place in a supermarket, with plenty of shoppers, screaming babies, talking voices, and footsteps to take the competitors' attention away from their after lunch sleeps.
Five bright blue sofas were laid out, and five competitors at a time were allowed to take a 20-minute sleep. A doctor measured their pulse to time how long they actually spent on asleep. Competitors earned extra points for snoring(打鼾),sleeping in strange positions, or wearing silly pajamas(睡衣).The winners of each round advance to the next stage in the competition.
It's amazing that any of those people would fall asleep in the middle of such a busy place, while on couches that they are not used to. Yet, many of them did. They hugged pillows or soft toy bears. They covered their eyes with sleep masks, too. Whatever it took to help them fall asleep fast and stay asleep.
The siesta is a tradition in Spain that many feel is becoming forgotten. It used to be that people would take a brief nap after lunch every day. This would energize them, and keep them going for the rest of the day. Not to mention the health benefits of a good nap. But, that's all changing. People are too busy making money or watching gossip shows on TV after lunch to care about taking a nap.
The National Association of Friends of the Siesta wants to bring Spain back to their traditional roots. They are doing this by having the siesta competition. They set up the competition to reward the best sleepers with money. Actually, they were paid to sleep.
There are really health benefits to a midday nap. We could all learn from this tradition. It's a much better way to get more energy than drinking a cup of coffee. It is also believed that a nap, and in fact a good night's sleep, can help reduce heart disease. The more rested we are, the less stress we feel with day-to-day life.
1.The underlined word " siesta " here probably means" _____ "
A.oversleep B.night sleep
C.a short sleep after supper D.a short sleep after lunch
2.In what situation did the competition take place?
A.In a noisy place. B.In a quiet place.
C.In a comfortable place. D.In a familiar place.
3.When the competitors went to sleep, they could ____.
A.have their own beds B.use nothing to cover their eyes
C.have doctors to help them D.use something to help them sleep
4.The competition is held because the Association wants to _____.
A.know if people still know the traditional habit
B.call on people to have their traditional habit
C.do some research on how people sleep
D.give people money in this way
8. Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making headlines quite often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and sponsors. Young sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned. It seemed there is confusion about the competence and independence of young people.
The popular psychologists tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals. Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters.
But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”. Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams.
Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived (事先形成的 ) views about young people. Nor should young “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses individualism. The teenage years are when most of us “ordinary” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others.
1.What can we learn about Jessica Watson?
A.She was criticized by the government.
B.She eventually canceled her voyage.
C.She has traveled around the world.
D.She made a successful voyage.
2.What can be inferred about teenagers from the text?
A.They have similar abilities.
B.They make decisions on their own.
C.They always make wrong judgments.
D.They need supports of responsible adults.
3.Who does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Parents. B.Teenagers. C.Psychologists. D.Adults.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Divided Opinions on Young Adventurers
B.Problems Faced by Adventurous Teens
C.Various Ways to Become Independent
D.Pressure to Achieve Personal Goals
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4CADB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and achieving the meaning of your own life. 可知,你面临的教训是针对你的,学习这些教训是发现和实现你人生意义的关键。所以想要实现自己人生的意义,就要学习呈现在自己面前的种种教训。A项(收集别人的不同意见)在文中没有提及;B项(选择与众不同的道路)和D项(做和别人不一样的事情)不是实现自己人生意义的方式。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Each person has his own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's.可知,每个人都有自己的目标和独特的人生道路,都是独一无二的、不同于其他人的。由此可推断,每个人都有不同于他人的人生道路。B项(意料之外的事情通常会发生在同伴身上)、C项(痛苦的离婚必定在于经济问题)、D项(一个有钱人的婚姻一定很美满)在文中没有提及。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句You need to remember that you will only face lessons that you can learn and that are specific to your own growth.可知,你只会面临你能学到的教训,而且是针对你自身成长的。由此可知,人生中面临的教训可以帮助你成长,从而获得成功。A 项(超出你的能力范围)、B项(阻止你成长)和C项(限制你的发展)在文中都没有提及。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Everyone' circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently.可知,每个人的情况都是独一无二的,每个人都需要以不同的方式处理自己的问题。所以B项(你应该学会以不同于别人的方式处理特定的问题)正确。根据最后一段第二句Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult life path than others around you.可知,事实上,生活是不公平的,你的人生道路也许确实比你周围的人艰难。所以A项(一切事物都是平等的)不正确;C项(人们必须注意情况的不公平) 和D项(只要有可能,你就可以抱怨生活是不公平的)在文中没有提及。故选B。
2.答案:1-4 ADDA
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段大意,尤其是第一段结尾…and the current group of Chinese overseas students is younger than those in the past years. 目前的中国留学生群体比过去几年更年轻。可知近年来去往英美等国家的中国留学生年轻化。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段提到的有些中国留学生无法自律,无法毕业的问题,以及最后一段第三句But she does think both students and parents should be responsible for their own investment of both time and money.但她认为学生和家长都应该为自己的时间和金钱投资负责。可知杜认为,孩子和家长都应该对出国留学的投资负责,应该更谨慎地做决定。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句…most of them are not ready to put themselves in a completely different context at such a young age. 他们中的大多数人还没有准备好在这么小的年纪把自己放在一个完全不同的环境中。和倒数第二句…and there is another group who did not do very well in their college entrance exams, so they seek to study abroad as a solution to their troubles.还有一群高考成绩不好,所以他们寻求出国留学来解决自己的问题。以及第三段提到中国留学生缺乏自律的问题,可知有些中国留学生没有能力独立适应国外的生活和学习。故选D。
4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句As to the dismissal issue, Du said it's inevitable due to the large number of students crowding abroad. It's just not easy to ensure quality. 由于大量的学生涌入国外,保证质量是不容易。可知杜说由于学生数量多,难以保证质量,所以被大学开除的问题是"难以避免的"。A.Can't be avoided.难以避免;B.Can't be ignored.不可忽视;C.Can't be realized.不能意识到;D.Can't be predicted.不可预测。故选A。
3.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.(类似地,工业捕捞也导致了世界各地海洋生态的破坏。)"可知,造成海洋生态破坏的原因是工业捕捞。故选C。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions(排) It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂)It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right.it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.”(农业将使大片陆地和海洋回归自然,大大减少碳排放。这意味着不再使用动物,停止过度捕捞,大幅减沙砍伐森林和杀虫剂的使用。这是阻止地球毁灭的最好希望,如果做得对,这意味着每个人都能获得廉价而丰富的食物。)可知,本段主要讲述农业的好处。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"可知,作者认为在不久的将来,人们的食物来源主要是微生物。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句However, at this critical time, farming(a new kind of food technology)is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet.(然而,在这个关键时刻,农业(一种新的食品技术)正在创造拯救人类和地球的惊人可能性。)"和第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"以及第四段最后一句Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier.(食物不仅会更便宜,也会更健康。)”可知,作者认为农业可以解决人类面临的粮食危机,而且人们的主要食物来源会改变,同时食物也会更实惠更健康,以上评价都是正向的,因此最能描述作者对农业观点态度的是积极的。故选B。
4.答案:1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.B
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第一句 "About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water." 可知,世界上四分之一的人生活在水资源短缺的环境中。故选A。
2.段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是第一句 "Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages." 可知,气候变化使得水资源短缺问题更加严重。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句 "And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米)." 可知,农民可以通过种植需水量较少的作物以代替需水量大的作物以应对水资源短缺问题。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 "They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and famers to use less water." 可知,科学家们正在寻找能够鼓励人们、工厂和农民节约用水的方法。由此可推知,文章接下来会讨论如何鼓励人们节约水资源。故选B。
5.答案：1-4 BCBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"It helps to make it part of your family's schedule."并结合第一段内容可知, 制定外出的日程有助于家长们鼓励孩子们外出。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段内容尤其是最后一句"Every season, Alvord said, brings changes that can engage children's curiosity."可知, 父母应该根据季节调整户外活动。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是第一句中的"Parents' attitudes count a lot"可知, 父母的态度对于孩子们去户外来说是很重要的。故选B。
4.写作意图题。通读全文可知, 文章介绍了父母可以做些事来鼓励孩子进行户外活动的建议。由此可推知, 本文旨在鼓励孩子们接近大自然。故选A。
6.答案:1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.C
解析:1.细节理解题。由第二段"I grew up in the racially mixed zones of Sacramento"可知,作者在Sacramento 多种族区长大。所以作者在Sacramento长大。故选A。
2.细节理解题。由最后一段"I prefer to think that my American upbringing has taught me to apply insights from many different cultures to my everyday life."可知,我更愿意认为,我在美国的成长经历教会了我将许多不同文化的深刻见解应用到日常生活中。所以作者从他的美国成长经历中学到要向不同的文化学习。故选D。
3.推理判断题。由第四段"I became a junkman, sorting through the ruins of pop culture past looking for the pieces of myself. In love with the Beatles, I linked myself to England. Fascinated by Japanese cartoon, I took language classes at the local Buddhist temple."可知,我成了一名拾荒者,在过去流行文化的废墟中寻找自己的碎片。我爱上披头士,所以我把自己和英国联系在一起。我迷上了日本漫画,所以去当地的佛教寺庙学习了日语。所以通过关键词"Beatles, England, Japanese cartoon, took language classes"可以判断出,作者对不同的文化很感兴趣。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段"I'm part of a younger generation of Americans whose identity is shaped neither by where we came from nor where we ended up."可知,作者是美国年轻一代的一员,他们的身份既不受他们来自哪里,也不受他们结束在哪里的影响。以及下文作者对于自己成长经历的叙述都在说明作者在探索着自己的身份。所以短文主要是关于作者对于自己身份的探索。故选C。
7.答案:1.D; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B
解析:1.词义猜测题.根据第四段中"The siesta is a tradition in Spain that many feel is becoming forgotten. It used to be that people would take a brief nap after lunch every day." (午睡是西班牙的一项传统,许多人觉得这项传统正在被遗忘.过去,人们每天午饭后都会小睡-会儿。由此可知第一段中的划线词的意思是"a short sleep after lunch午饭后的小睡"。故选D。
2.推理判断题.根据第三段中"It's amazing that any of those people would fall asleep in the middle of such a busy place, while on couches that they are not used to"(在陌生的沙发上,这些人中任何一个人能在这样嘈杂的地方睡着都足以让人十分惊讶。可知,比赛是在嘈杂的地方进行的。故选A。
3.推理判断题.根据第三段中"They hugged pillows or soft toy bears. They covered their eyes with sleep masks, too. Whatever it took to help them fall asleep fast and stay asleep." (他们抱着枕头或柔软的玩具熊,也有人用睡眠面罩蒙住眼晴,或者用其他任何能帮助他们快速入眠安稳睡着的东西.可知,当参赛者去睡时,他们可以用一些东西来帮助他们入睡。故选D。
4.推理判断题.根据第五段第一句"the National Association of Friends of the Siesta wants to bring Spain back to their traditional roots." National Association of Friends of The Siesta想让西班牙回归传统.)可知,举办这项比赛是因为协会想要号召人们养成他们的传统习惯。故选B。
8.答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her 'a hero for young Australians' when she returned." 可知,政府要求 Jessica Watson 取消航行,但在她返回时总理称她为"澳大利亚年轻人的英雄"。 由此可知,Jessica Watson进行了一次成功的航行。故选D。A项"她受到了政府的批评。" ;B项"她最终取消了航行; C项"她周游了澳大利亚"。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age... by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters."可知,青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持。故选D。A项与第二段中的"Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities."矛盾;B项所述观点文中未提及;C项提到的"他们总是做出错误的判断。"太过武断,文中第二段第一句只是提到青少年可能会做出错误的判断。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段画线词所在句子以及上文 "But it's also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson's."可知,认为任何16岁的青少年都渴望获得和Jessica Watson 一样不寻常的成就也是错误的。Watson称自己为"一个有梦想的普通女孩"。她这样做的目的是鼓励青少年,但是这个想法可能产生相反的效果,使他们感到自己不够好,因为(在他们看来)伟大的成就是他们不可触及的。所以,画线词them指代的是前文提到的青少年。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻,一位名叫Jessica Watson的青少年成了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄,对此人们有着不同的看法。故A 项"对年轻冒险者的不同看法"概括了本文内容。故选A。 B项"有冒险精神的青少年面临的问题";C项"变得独立的各种各样的方法";D项"实现个人目标的压力"。故选A。
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