专题08+阅读理解之主旨题和推断题-2023年中考英语考试研究（南京专用）

这是一份专题08+阅读理解之主旨题和推断题-2023年中考英语考试研究（南京专用），共36页。

专题08 阅读理解之主旨题和推断题-2023年中考英语考试研究（南京专用）

南京市中考英语历年（2019-2022）真题展示
【2019南京中考】
19．Q： At recess（课间休息）， I don't know what to do because all my friends are playing games I don' like or don't want to play． So I end up standing by myself at recess doing nothing． What should I do？
Alex rider． 13． Bloomfield． N．J．
A： In fact， recess was my least favorite part
of the school day for Grades I to 5． I was
never really into playing kickball． So， like
you， I spent many days at recess standing alone． Take advantage of the extra time you have．I learned that reading a book is the best way to pass time， especially if it is sunny． Books are good for a lonely recess，because they take you out of your world and into another． If reading isn't your thing， then try making new friends． Some other things I would do at recess were chess and paper cutting． Those might be worth trying． Maybe the teacher who is watching over all the kids needs someone to talk to as well． Whatever you want to do， don't let your time go to waste．Johnny Hayes， 15
A： Do you believe in time travel， Alex？Because you just dragged me 40 years into the past． When I was 13， half my friends threw themselves into kickball at recess﹣ which was too vigorous（剧烈的） for me right after lunch． So， like you， I stood around a lot． Then， one day， my teacher， Susie， asked me．"What do you want to do？ I had no answer for her． But suddenly， it came to me： marbles! I asked a few friends， and they were happy to join me． Now， I'm not suggesting you play marbles， only that you consider what you feel like doing and can make you happy． And one last idea： There's no harm in trying games your fends are playing that you think you won't like． You might just surprise yourself． Philip galanes， adult
（3）Why do Johnny and Philip mention the kickball game at their schools？　　
A．To show they shared similar experiences．
B．To show they were good at the kickball game．
C．To ecourage Alex to make use of the new game
D．To encourage Alex to surprise himself with a new game．
（4）Which part of a newspaper may this passage be taken from？　　
A．Science Study．B．Art Style．C．Sports World．D．Teenage Problem．
【答案】AD
【解析】因为作者所有的朋友都在玩她不喜欢或不想玩的游戏，所以她最终在课间休息时独自站着什么都不做，她不知道该怎么办？以下是给她的两封回信．
（3）A．推理判断题．根据第二封回信中When I was 13， half my friends threw themselves into kickball at recess﹣ which was too vigorous（剧烈的） for me right after lunch． So， like you， I stood around a lot． 我13岁的时候，有一半的朋友在课间休息的时候投进了足球﹣午餐后我觉得这个球太刺激了．所以，像你一样，我经常站在周围．可知，他跟亚历克斯的感受一样，有相同的经历．故选A。
（4）D．推理判断题．根据本文大意，作者所有的朋友都在玩她不喜欢或不想玩的游戏，所以她最终在课间休息时独自站着什么都不做，她不知道该怎么办？．可以推测，这属于青少年的问题．结合选项，这段话可以从报纸的"青少年问题"的部分摘录．故选D。

【2020南京中考】
A
The Walla Walla
Wallaby Foundation


Welcome to the Walla Walla Wallaby Foundation of America, Washington chapter. Here you will find news, photos, and other resources about the wallaby. In addition, our site’s unique (独特的) features for members include profile pages, discussion forums (论坛), and other contents. We are the world's best wallaby support group.
For over 20 years, the Walla Walla Wallaby Foundation has served the Walla Walla community through education and outreach on behalf of the wallaby.
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28. The reading material above is ________.
A. a diary B. a story C. a questionnaire D. a web page
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。a diary一篇日记；a story一个故事；a questionnaire一篇问卷调查；a web page一个网页。根据“search”，“Member Login”，“ Discussion Forums”以及“Contact Us”可推断是一个网页。故选D。
B

Tea is tasty and good for you. It is also one of the most popular drinks around the world. But what is tea? And why is it so popular?
All tea comes from tea leaves but tea is not always the same. There are many kinds of tea. You can drink black tea, green tea, white tea or fruit tea. Each type of tea has a different taste and a different colour.
The history of tea begins in Asia. In China, Korea and Japan, tea is still very important today. In Japan, it can take many hours to prepare and drink tea with your guests. In Malaysia, a popular drink at breakfast is teh tarik (‘pulled tea’). Malaysians say it is good for you and tastes good with canai bread.
Tourists in Kuala Lumpur like watching the tea sellers make ‘pulled tea’. The tea sellers pour hot water on black tea. After five minutes, they add sugar and milk. Then they ‘pull’ the tea—they pour the tea from one cup to another many times.
In many countries, you must have a special kettle to make tea. People in different countries also like to add different things to their tea. For example, Russians use a special kettle called a samovar. They like drinking tea with lemon. Sometimes, they also drink tea with some sugar or jam.
In Turkey, tea comes in a Caydanlik. A Caydanlik has two kettles: one for the water and one for the tea. Drink Turkish tea with some sugar.
Arab tea, called karak, has cardamom, ginger, milk and sugar. In the United Kingdom, they add some milk and sugar.
The British usually eat biscuits with their tea. In Japan, they like. . .
30. The writer uses the punctuation mark “…” at the end of the passage to ________.
A. express his uncertainly of the subject B. show his special taste in Japanese tea
C. attract readers’ interest in further reading D. hide his limited knowledge in this field
31. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The History of Tea B. Different Tea Kettles
C. The Most Popular Drink D. The World in a Teacup
【答案】30. C 31. D
【解析】本文讲了茶的历史，并重点介绍了世界上不同国家的人饮茶习惯和口味的不同。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。倒数第二三段可知，不同国家的人喜欢在茶中添加不同的东西，并列举了具体的例子，作者在文章末尾使用标点符号“...”省略了对日本人喝茶习惯的描述，以此来吸引读者对进一步阅读的兴趣。故选C。
【31题详解】
最佳标题。A.茶的历史；B.不同的茶壶；C.最受欢迎的饮料；D.茶杯中的世界。通读全文，可知本文讲述了世界各地的人们饮茶时喜欢在茶中添加不同的东西。一个茶杯折射出世界各国茶文化的不同。故选D。
D

Me: Hello, Television Viewers! I am Aziza Bellamy, and thanks for watching. I want to especially thank you, Ms. Bertha, for agreeing to this interview on live television. It’s a pleasure to meet you, the first-known trans-galactic visitor to Earth. Now, I understand that you are from a planet called Zadernol?
Bertha: Just call me Miss Bertha or Bertha, please, but not “Ms. ”
Me: Okay, sorry about that. So, you’ve been on Earth for about a week now. What have been your biggest disappointments or challenges so far?
Bertha: It’s not the worst planet I’ve ever been to. Mercury was much worse. The aliens— oops, I mean humans, have been unkind, overall. The family I’m staying with, for example, were nice at first. But now they roll their eyes whenever I open my mouth to say anything. They’re not interested in any of my stories. And I think they may be trying to avoid me. Worst of all, they make me wash my own dishes and bathe myself. They’re so rude.
Me: Oh, um. . . wow. That’s just. . .
Bertha: I am used to having high standards when I choose where to stay, by the way. I have stayed with royalty and presidents on other planets. And they all adored (崇拜) me and begged me not to leave. But I gave this human family a chance to host me. I mean, really, they should be grateful that I selected them, of all the people on Earth, to wash my clothes and cook my meals and entertain (款待) me.
Me: Well, what you’re saying is surprising, Bertha. Do you think it’s possible that this family just wants you to pitch in a little, to be a good guest?
Bertha: It’s odd to me that you’re not agreeing with me. If you were smarter, you’d agree with me. That’s another thing. Everyone on Zadernol is smarter than the smartest person on Earth. Earth is below me.
Me: You know what. Bertha? I’m starting to see why you’re so unhappy here on Earth. You’re just a boastful (自夸的), spoiled alien.
38. From the passage, we know that Aziza is ________.
A. proud of Bertha B. interested in Zademol
C. dissatisfied with Bertha D. scared of Bertha’s words
39. What might Aziza write in his diary about the interview?
A. Talking to Bertha was great fun. I now know much about Zademol.
B. We should try to improve our earth as Berthas hometown is much better.
C. The interview was interesting. But I dislike the family Bertha is staying with.
D. It was an unusual interview, and an unexpected experience as well.
40. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. being boastful will win us few friends B. there are many good reasons to be boastful
C. people who boast a lot are better than others D. boasting a lot is a good way to get people to like us
【答案】 38. C 39. D 40. A
【解析】这是一篇访谈，主要是阿齐扎·贝拉米采访外星人伯莎，伯莎描述在地球的生活，自夸的言行让主持人很不满。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据 “You know what. Bertha? I’m starting to see why you’re so unhappy here on Earth. You’re just a boastful, spoiled alien”可知主持人对Bertha很不满意。故选C。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。伯莎没有讲述自己星球的生活，A选项“I now know much about Zademol”表述错误；B选项“We should try to improve our earth”文中没有明确的线索，表述错误；根据“Do you think it’s possible that this family just wants you to pitch in a little, to be a good guest”可知C选项“I dislike the family Bertha is staying with”表述错误。根据“what you’re saying is surprising, Bertha.”“It’s odd to me that you’re not agreeing with me.”以及“I’m starting to see why you’re so unhappy here on Earth. You’re just a boastful , spoiled alien”可知主持人觉得和一个外星人访谈是很不寻常的与预料之外的经历。故选D。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据“You’re just a boastful, spoiled alien”可知Bertha的自夸让主持人很不满，A选项“being boastful will win us few friends”自夸让人没什么朋友符合题意。故选A。

【2021南京中考】
A
You must have many hobbies, reading, painting and so on. One day, you happen to see a poster, “World Book Day.” Interested, you stop and read the poster.

Hello and welcome to World Book Day
World Book Day is here to change lives through a love of books and shared reading, and bring books to the children who need them most. World Book Day is an excellent chance for everyone to celebrate the joy of reading.
•Share A Story Live-our exciting digital events programme beaming authors（作家）straight into your school.
• Raising money, raising readers-our fundraising ideas to help us change lives through reading.
• World Book Day Book Club-a new online reading community.
• Share A Story Corner-stories to encourage families to read together.
Happy World Book Day！
For up-to-date information, visit our website worldbookday. com!
28. The designer uses words and pictures in the poster to ________.
A. catch readers’ attention B. encourage families to write books
C. help readers form reading habits D. recommend different types of books
【答案】 28. A
【解析】推理判断题。本文是世界读书日的海报，作者使用文字和图片是为了吸引读者的注意力。故选A。
B
Imagine you choose to join WorldBook Day Book Club. Now you are reading a book on art for children.
About art
Art is a vast subject, including all kinds of pictures and sculptures. This book introduces 32 works by some of the world’s most famous artists. This is only a small selection, but it reveals（揭示）huge differences in what artists do.
Why make art?
Artists make art for many reasons. Sometimes, they just want to create something beautiful. But hundreds of years ago-when many people couldn’t read-paintings were often designed to illustrate stories.
Very grand paintings were usually made to order, for wealthy clients who wanted to impress people. More recently, artists have begun to paint to express their own feelings or explore ideas.
About this book
The pictures reproduced in this book were painted over the last 500 years. They are arranged（排列）in order of date, so you can see how ideas about art have changed over time. If you would like to see more art, there is lots on the Internet-just follow the links recommended throughout the book. If you can, visit an art gallery too, so you can experience seeing the “real thing” .
31. The passage above mainly _________.
A. gives an introduction to the book B. shows the size of each part in the book
C. shows the number of the artists in the book D. gives the reasons to order paintings in the book
【答案】 31. A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文向我们介绍一本关于艺术的书，选项A“为这本书作了介绍”符合主题，故选A。
C

To improve your reading, you can try the form of readers’ theatre, a formatted script for readers to read aloud. It’s so interesting!
Cast of Characters: Narrator, Kayla, Ms. Lee, Zack
Narrator: On a sunny day in southern Texas, Ms. Lee’s students gathered in the school playground.
Ms. Lee: Tomorrow is the day of the sidewalk（人行道）chalk-art festival. The principal has allowed us to practise our wet-chalk drawing on the playground sidewalk, which will be our studio. Remember, whenever you want to draw on a sidewalk, always ask an adult in charge for permission before you draw. Now let’s review the steps of wet-chalk drawing. What do we do first?
Narrator: As the students told her the steps in order, Ms. Lee wrote them on a large pad of paper. When she finished writing, she pulled the paper off the pad and displayed the directions so everyone could read them. Then the students chose and soaked （浸湿）their pieces of chalk. Meanwhile, Kayla and Zack planned their drawing.
Kayla: Let’s draw a jungle feast. Parrots can be eating all kinds of fruit.
Zack: I’ll draw a model train carrying food to the birds.
Narrator: The students removed their pieces of chalk from the water and drew. As Zack drew a sweeping curve of train track, his hand knocked over the jar of water. He and Kayla watched water streak across their drawing.
Zack: Our drawing is ruined（毁坏）！
Kayla: Don’t be so worried! Quick, mix the water and the chalk together! Now let’s use more chalk and smear（涂抹）it around.
Narrator: Kayla and Zack worked quickly. The smeared colours looked glorious, like rich, thick frosting on a cake.
Ms. Lee: That looks great! That’s a special method you’re using, kids. Are you two interested in taking part in the chalk-art festival tomorrow? The timetable for the festival says that drawing starts at 9:00 a.m.
Kayla and Zack: Sure!
Kayla: Tomorrow we’ll pour water over our drawing on purpose.
Zack: Then we’ll know just what to do!
34. The narrator in the readers’ theatre ________.
A. tells the whole story in a silent way B. gives instructions to the characters
C. helps the characters understand the story D. describes settings and events
【答案】 34. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章中内容可知，读者剧场中的解说员描述场景和事件。故选D。
D
After reading so much, you may wonder how to make a book. It’s time for you to have a try!
Have you ever wondered how a book is made? It takes a lot of people to make a book. It can take months, or even years, for a book to go from an idea to a finished product.
A book begins when an author comes up with an idea for a book. Authors get ideas in different ways. They may get ideas from their own lives, from watching the world around them, or from reading.
Next, an author may plan the book by making an outline （提纲）. Sometimes authors do research to gather information. They may read books or articles. They may interview people or visit places.
Then, the author begins to write. Authors may write for months or years to finish a manuscript. A manuscript is the text an author produces for publication.
Finally, the author sends the completed manuscript to a publisher. If the publisher decides to publish the book, the author works with an editor. An editor reads the manuscript. Then he or she recommends changes to improve the book. A copy editor reads the manuscript to correct any grammatical mistake.
After an author makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide how the book will look. The designer may choose the size, shape, and type styles for the book. Some picture book authors create their own illustrations（插图）. If not, an illustrator is chosen to create pictures for the book.
The illustrator makes sketches of pictures that will go on each page. The sketches are sent to the publishing company. The editor makes sure the pictures clearly tell the story. The designer checks how the words and pictures will fit together on the pages.
After the design changes are made, the illustrator begins creating the final pictures. He or she may change the colours, the perspective, or the composition of pictures. It may take months to create all the pictures.
The finished art is then sent to the publisher. The designer adjusts（调整）how the pictures and words fit together on the pages. The completed pages are sent to the printer. Many books are still made into books with paper pages.
The printer uses huge printing presses to make the pages. The pages are fixed together. The book cover is added. The finished books are then sent to the publisher’s warehouse. They are stored there until they are bought by libraries and bookstores.
E-readers have changed how some books are made. Some authors do not use a publisher at all. Instead of sending a manuscript to a publisher, some authors turn their manuscripts into eBooks themselves. Finally, an author’s eBook is uploaded（上传）to virtual bookstores on the Internet. Customers can buy and download eBooks from these websites.
36. According to the passage, the designer’s job is to ________.
A. create pictures for the book B. make an outline of the book
C. decide how the book will look D. correct grammatical mistakes in the book
37. Your first book will be published soon. What will first happen to it after the illustrator has created the final pictures?
A. B.
C. D.
38. The writer uses the LAST paragraph to ________.
A. introduce the history of eBooks B. describe the disadvantages of eBooks
C. show the development of making a book D. ask customers to support authors in making a book
40. What is the best title for the passage?
A. From Idea to Book B. Different Kinds of Books
C. Workers in the Publishing House D. Between Publishers and Customers
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. C 40. A
【解析】本文向我们展示了制做一本书的过程，并提到最近比较流行的电子阅读器。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据“After an author makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide how the book will look.”可知，作者做出建议的修改后，设计师可能会决定书的外观。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The finished art is then sent to the publisher. The designer adjusts（调整）how the pictures and words fit together on the pages. The completed pages are sent to the printer.”可知，完成后的艺术作品会被送到出版商那里，设计师调整图片和文字在页面上的组合方式，完成的页面被发送到打印机。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。分析最后一段内容可知，本段介绍制作一本书的发展，故选C。
【40题详解】
最佳标题题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们展示了制做一本书的过程，并提到最近比较流行的电子阅读器。选项A“从想法到书”符合语境，故选A。

【2022南京中考】
C
“My dear lady,” says Holmes. “You’re shivering. Are you old? Do you want a cup of hot tea?
“I’m not cold,” the woman replies, “I fear for my life!”
“We are here to help you. Don’t worry about anything. I don’t know you. But I know many things about you. For example, I know how you travel. You came to London by train. You also ride to the train station on a horse-drawn wagon(马车).”
“Why, yes. You’re right. But how do you know these things?”
“ I see a return ticket in your glove. I see fresh mud on the left arm of your dress. Now tell us your problem.”
“My name is Helen Stoner,” she states, “ My mother and father are dead. I am living with my stepfather, Dr Grimesby Roylott. He comes from a rich family. But they are no longer rich. They have nothing except a small piece of land and a huge old house. We are living in the house. Dr Roylott is using my mother’s money for expenses(开支). Part of it was for my sister and me. It was for our marriages.”
Holmes is sitting in his chair. His eyes are closed. He is listening carefully to Helen’s story. He hears every detail.
Helen continues. “My stepfather has no friends. He fights with everyone. He is strong and gets angry quickly. Everyone is afraid of him.”
“He has no friends at all?” asks Holmes.
“No. He talks to no one except the gypsies. They are poor people who travel from place to place. A band of gypsies is staying on our land right now.”
“Are you and your sister afraid of the gypsies?”
“My dear Mr Holmes. You are making me so sad. My sister is dead. That is why I am standing here in this room.”
1. Paragraph 6 beginning with “My name is …” is mostly about_______________.
A. Helen’s dead sister B. Helen’s trip to London
C. the house Helen lives in D. Helen’s stepfather and the family
2. What is Holmes doing while Helen is telling her story?
A. Walking slowly B. Listening carefully
C. standing sadly D. Writing quickly
3. Which of the following can best describe the gypsies according to the passage?
A. They are very rich B. They are afraid of other people
C. They live on a horse-drawn wagon D. They move from one place to another
4. The passage is probably from __________.
A. a novel B. a guide C. a poem D. an advertisement
【答案】DBDA
【解析】
小题1:根据本段I am living with my stepfather, Dr Grimesby Roylott. He comes from a rich family.及下文描述，可知本段主要使介绍海伦的继父和这个家庭的。故选D。
小题2:根据Holmes is sitting in his chair. His eyes are closed. He is listening carefully to Helen’s story. He hears every detail.描述，可知选B。
小题3:根据“No. He talks to no one except the gypsies. They are poor people who travel from place to place.描述，可知吉普赛人经常从一个地方移居到另一个地方。故选D。
小题4:这篇短文主要描写了福尔摩斯和海伦对话的一个场景，主要使用直接引语进行叙述，这应该属于一部小说中的一个场景，而指南，诗歌和广告当中一般没有这么多对话，不适用直接引语。故选A。
D
“What is success?” Mr Gruber asked his 6th grade business class. It was his opening conversation for the first class of the term.
“Success is riding in a sweet car, watching an 80-inch TV, and living in a place with at least twelve rooms.” One student answered, earning laughs from all the students.
Mr Gruber smiled, but shook his head. “Tom, that is excess(过量). That is not success.”
“How about being able to provide for your family?” A blonde girl named Sandy in the front suggested as an answer.
“Now we’re getting closer,” Mr Gruber smiled, “but try thinking about what you need and what you want.”
“Getting everything you want.” Tom shouted out an answer again, trying for more laughs.
Mr Gruber sighed. “ I believe we’ve already talked about excess versus(与…比较) success.”
“Getting everything you need, but some of what you want?” James, sitting in the back wondered aloud.
“Quite right!” Mr Gruber clapped. “Success is getting everything you need and some of what you want. The more you get that you want, the more successful you are. You do reach a point where you are living in excess, though.”
“What does this have to do with business?” Tom asked. It seemed if it wasn’t funny, he wasn’t happy.
“Well, Tom, think of it this way: the point of business is to make a living to support your family. Once you have properly seen to (确保) their needs, you can then see to getting the extras that you want.”
“What if I don’t have a family?” he continued to be difficult.
“Then you have to provide for yourself, a family of one.”
“He has goldfish to think about!” Peter, Tom’s friend, shouted out.
“Then he needs to provide for a family of one with a fishbowl.” Mr. Gruber corrected himself.
Tom nodded, satisfied with that answer.
“So in the next nine weeks, we’re going to study basic business situations, like having a checking account and understanding credit cards.”
Tom rubbed his hands together excitedly. “When do we get to start spending?”
“You already are, Tom. You’re spending time with us!” Mr. Gruber laughed. “Now, let’s see what you guys know about credit cards…”
4.What do you think of Mr Gruber according to the passage?
A. Strange B. Patient C. Shy D. Proud
5.What can be the best title of this passage?
A. Get What You Want B. Needs and Wants
C. Try to Get More Money D. How to Live Well
【答案】BB
（4）B 推理判断题．根据细节理解题．根据第三段Mr.Gruber smiled，but shook his head.Gruber先生笑了，但摇了摇头．根据第五段"Now we're getting closer，" Mr.Gruber smiled，"现在我们越来越接近了，"Gruber先生笑着说．倒数第四段"Mr.Gruber corrected himself.格鲁伯先生纠正了自己的话．最后一段"You already are，Tom.You're spending time with us!" Mr.Gruber laughed"你已经是了，汤姆．你和我们在一起！"Gruber先生笑了．可知，Gruber老师面对汤姆连续几次不严肃的发言没有生气，而是耐心引到，可见这是一位很有耐心的老师．故选B．
（5）B 主旨大意题．根据第九段"Quite right!" Mr.Gruber clapped. "Success is getting everything you need and some of what you want.The more you get that you want，the more successful you are""完全正确！"格鲁伯先生拍手说："成功就是得到你需要的一切和你想要的东西．你得到你想要的越多，你就越成功．"可知，短文主要围绕着什么是成功这个话题进行叙述，也就是我们需要的东西和想要的东西．标题可以是"需要的和想要的"．故选B．
E
Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device(装置) which uses satellites (卫星) to find the user’s position(位置). It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.
GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street.
There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates(计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.
Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate(精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.
4.The passage is mainly about _______________.
A. the history of the GPS B. the introduction of the GPS
C. the shape of the GPS D. the three parts of the GPS
5.What can we infer(推断) from the passage?
A. All GPS devices have electronic maps.
B. People in many countries will use the GPS for free.
C. The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites.
D. The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life.
【答案】BD
【解析】这篇短文主要介绍GPS。它有三部分构成，第一部分是 receiver，第二部分是a group of satellites orbiting the Earth，第三部分是a network of ground stations。在未来GPS就会像手机一样被普及，人们就不会在新的地方迷路了。
【小题4】综合归纳题。从整篇短文内容来看，主要介绍了GPS的构成与功能，故选B。
【小题5】推理判断题。从短文最后一段“ in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. ”可判断出GPS在将来日常生活中会普及，故选D。

南京市历年考情解读
知识点名称
考察题型
具体的考察情况
主旨题
阅读理解
题量占比1-2题，有时候问的是最佳标题是什么，有时候是问文章的主要大意，需要考生先看首尾两段内容进行总结或者看一下文章中出现转折的地方内容指向什么。
推断题
阅读理解
题量占比中等，属于阅读中的难题。需要考生依据原文进行合理地推断，不能言过其实，也不能只寻找表面信息，需要找出作者的言外之意。

考点分析
一、阅读理解之主旨题
如何获取段落的主旨和大意？
最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
（3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
【例题精讲】
All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.
第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。
59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?
A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living Things
【解析】选C。根据主题句的意思，我们可以很容易判断：这篇短文最好的标题是Food Chains。

二、阅读理解之推断题
如何进行推断？
所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很大。其类型主要有以下几种：
（1） 事实推断：
这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
【例题精讲】
According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?
A. You often play football with your friends after school.
B. Your teacher has got a cold.
C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.
D. The bike in front of your house is lost.
在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.
【解析】选C。根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。

（2）指代推断
确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。

（3）逻辑推断
这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。

（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断
这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断， 如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。

模拟预测（2022年南京市一模二模）
【南京师范大学附属中学集团2022年中考英语二模试卷】
B
Whether you’re thinking about starting a reading group or you are a longtime book club leader, there are many ways to help make a discussion successful. Here are some suggestions:
Do some preparation work
It always helps when discussion leaders do a bit of research before the meeting. First, it’s necessary that you read the book! Pay attention to things you can bring up during the discussion. Using an index card (索引卡) as a bookmark makes it easy to write down notes and questions while you read.
After you have finished, do a little research. Find and read a couple of reviews and interviews with the author. Write down discussion questions or see if you can find ready-made questions online. If the book is about a real person, event, or place, you might want to check the web for some overview material you can bring to the discussion.
Tips for leading the discussion
Ask open-ended questions. These are questions that usually begin with “why” or “how”. For example, instead of asking, “Did you like the book’s ending?” ask, “What did you think of the book’s ending?”
Don’t be afraid to encourage group members to elaborate on (详尽阐述) their comments. If someone says they hated the book or loved a particular character, ask why.
Listen carefully. Of course, this goes for both leaders and participants, but if you’re a leader it’s especially important so that you can ask proper follow-up questions. Instead of jumping to the next question on your list, ask a question that links to the previous answer or helps build a good conversation.
Keep the discussion moving. If the talk starts to go off on a tangent (突然离题), focus it back to the book. If one person monopolize (垄断) the conversation, it’s OK to break in, acknowledge their point and ask what other group members think.
Prepare questions. Aim to have about 15 questions ready, but be flexible. If the group is engaged and talking about the book, you’ve done your job. You don’t have to get to every question.
31. Which of the following is the best question in the discussion?
A. Is this book interesting? B. How often do you read per week?
C. Do you like the book’s beginning? D. Why do you like the main character?
【答案】 31. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据“Ask open-ended questions. These are questions that usually begin with ‘why’ or ‘how’.”可知要问以“why”或“how”开头的问题，D项是最好的问题。故选D。
C

Narrator: There once was a beautiful princess whose favorite amusement was a golden ball. One day the princess tossed the ball too high, and it landed in the well. As the princess cried over the lost treasure, she heard someone ask a question.
Frog: Why are you so sad, beautiful princess?
Narrator: The princess looked around and saw only a frog.
Princess: My favorite golden ball fell into the well.
Frog: I can retrieve it for you, but first, you must agree to one condition. You must promise to take me home and be my friend.
Narrator: The princess didn’t want to be friends with a frog, but she promised anyway. When the frog brought her the ball, the princess snatched it from him and hurried home!
Frog: What a selfish princess! I’m certain that she has forgotten her promise. I’ll just hop over to the castle to remind her.
Narrator: The frog hop-hop-hopped through the grass and knocked on the heavy door of the castle.
Princess: What are you doing here, you bumbling frog?
Frog: Dear princess, I am here to remind you of the promise you made.
Narrator: The princess slammed the door in the frog’s face with a big BANG.
King: I heard a door slam. What’s happening? If you made a promise, you must honor it.
Narrator: The princess was angry but obeyed her father. So, the king, the princess, and the frog enjoyed dinner together. It was mutton stew, the cook’s specialty.
Frog: I was hungry, but now I’m full. Thank you for dinner. Kindly show me to my bed now.
Narrator: The princess did as she was asked, but the frog looked sad!
Frog: You have welcomed me into your home, but I can tell that you don’t want to be my friend.
Narrator: The princess’s face went red, for what the frog said was true. She bent down to kiss the frog, but ended up kissing a prince.
Frog: I am a prince who was turned into a frog, and your kiss turned me back. Thank you, dear friend!
Narrator: The prince and princess were friends from that day on and lived happily ever after.
32. The reading material above is ________.
A. a poem B. a play C. an interview D. a questionnaire
35. What can we learn from the story?
A. It is often difficult to keep a friendship.
B. We are always afraid of making friends.
C. Once you make a promise, you must keep it.
D. We shouldn’t ask for help when we are in trouble.
【答案】32. B 35. C
【解析】本文是戏剧《青蛙王子》的节选，叙述公主与青蛙王子的相遇。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Narrator:”并结合文章可知，文中包含“旁白”，所以本文是一篇戏剧。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“If you made a promise, you must honor it.”公主听从父亲的吩咐，遵守诺言，她的真心相待，使得青蛙变成了王子；可知，本文告诉我们：一旦你做出承诺，就必须信守承诺。故选C。
D

All over the world, people find giraffes amazing. The giraffe is the tallest animal in the world. Its legs and tail are taller than most people. Its tongue is very long, 18 inches. The front part of its tongue is an unusual color, black. Unlike most other large animals, giraffes do not threaten (威胁) people. Yet to many scientists the most amazing thing about this gentle giant is its heart.
To understand how amazing the giraffe’s heart is, put your head lower than your heart. Keep it there for a few minutes. Then lift your head up very quickly. Do you feel dizzy? This is the effect of a change in blood pressure. The heart has to quickly pump blood to your brain to stop you from feeling dizzy or from fainting.
When a giraffe lifts its head up from the ground, it has to lift its 250-kilo neck more than 15 feet in the air. How can it do this without fainting? The giraffe’s heart is really large. It is almost two feet long and weighs about 10 kilos. It can pump 60 liters of blood in a minute. The large artery (动脉) that carries blood from the heart up the long neck of the giraffe is also unusual because it has a muscle in it. This muscle helps keep the giraffe’s blood pressure.
In 1988, a writer, Michael Allin, learned that a giraffe arrived in Marseille, a city in the south of France, in 1826. It was a gift to the king of France Charles X. He decided to go to Ethiopia, in East Africa, where the giraffe was born. He traveled to Egypt on the Nile River. This was the same way the giraffe came to Egypt where he discovered the reason for the gift. Muhammad Ali, an important Egyptian leader, did not want the French to enter a war. He sent the giraffe to King Charles X.
However, it was difficult to transport a giraffe in 1826. It traveled from Egypt to France on a ship. The giraffe was so tall that it couldn’t fit in the lower deck of the ship. This was quite a problem until someone decided to cut a hole in the top deck of the ship. The giraffe’s legs were below, and its long neck came up through the hole.
No one knew how to get such a large animal from Marseille to Paris, so the giraffe had to walk the 880 kilometers. All along the way, people came to watch the gentle giant. Six weeks after it left Marseille, the giraffe finally arrived in Paris, where 100,000 people came to see this amazing creature. Today, we still look at the giraffe in amazement. There is no other animal like it on earth.
38. Muhammad Ali gave the giraffe to ________.
A. the French people B. the Egyptian leader
C. the French writer D. the king of France
40. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The gentle giant from Africa B. The special heart of the giant
C. The amazing journey to France D. The popular writer from France
【答案】 38. D 40. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大型动物—长颈鹿身体构造的惊人之处和它被发现的历史。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Muhammad Ali... sent the giraffe to King Charles X.”可知是把长颈鹿送给法国国王。故选D。
【40题详解】
最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知整篇文章都是在写大型动物长颈鹿。故选A。

【南京市鼓楼区2022年中考英语二模试卷】
C
In many countries, schools have long summer holidays, with shorter holidays in between. However, a new report suggests reducing the length of school holidays to stop children forgetting what they have learned during the long summer break. Instead of three school terms, it says, “There should be five eight-week terms. There would be just four weeks off in the summer, with a two-week break between the other terms. The annual (每年的) amount of holiday time would remain the same.”
Sonia Montero has two children at primary school and works full time. She supports the idea. “The kids,” she says, “have much longer holidays than me and I can’t afford to take several weeks off work, so I need someone to take care of them. But nobody wants the work in the summer months—they all have holidays of their own.”
Not surprisingly, some young people disagree. Student Jason Panos, says, “It’s a stupid idea. I really can’t imagine staying at school in the summer—I’d hate it. It’s totally unfair, too. The people who suggest this had long school holidays when they were young. But now they want to stop us enjoying the summer. They only need to look at places like Spain and America, where they have much longer holidays than here. The kids there don’t forget everything they’ve learned in a couple of months, do they?”
Nadia Salib, 14, agrees. “Sure,” she says, “the first week at school after the summer is never easy, but you soon get back into it. The real problem round here is that kids get bored after so many weeks out of school, and then some of them start causing trouble. But the answer is to give them something to do in their free time, not make everyone stay in school longer. We all hate that.”
33. What does Jason say about long summer holidays?
A. Schools in other countries don’t have them.
B. They can help children forget about school.
C. These days many older people have them too.
D. They have no influence on children’s education.
34. What does Nadia say about young people in summer?
A. They would like to spend more time at school.
B. Long holidays are very bad for their education.
C. Where she lives there is nothing for them to do.
D. They behave badly when they go back to school.
35. Which of the following sentences best explains the article?
A. They’ve changed all the school terms and some students are getting very angry about it
B. Some people want to change the school year but not everyone thinks it’s a good idea.
C. Everyone’s against the idea of shortening the summer holidays so they’ve decided to forget the idea.
D. Teenagers are very worried because there are going to be fewer school holidays in the year.
【答案】 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了一个新的报告提出缩短假期的建议，人们持有不同的观点。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They only need to look at places like Spain and America, where they have much longer holidays than here. The kids there don’t forget everything they’ve learned in a couple of months, do they?”可知，西班牙和美国的假期比这里长得多，那里的孩子不会在几个月内忘记他们学过的东西，可见，Jason认为长的暑假对教育没有影响。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The real problem round here is that kids get bored after so many weeks out of school”可知，孩子们在离开学校数周后变得无聊，说明在她住的地方，他们没什么事可做。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章开头提出缩短假期的建议，第二段介绍了家长支持的看法，第三段介绍了学生反对的观点，由此可以推断人们对此提议有不同的观点。故选B。
D
Ants may be tiny—but they’re serious eaters! Try these experiments(实验) to find out what ants like to eat.
Want to find out what the ants in your neighbourhood like to eat? Place small amounts of different foods on the plate. You can use peanut butter, honey, mashed banana, grated apple or cheese, and seeds.
Put this feeding station where there are lots of ants. Wait three minutes and count the number of ants feeding on each food. Count how many there are every three minutes.
Ants don’t always take the first food they find. Instead, they may investigate, touching many pieces of food with their antennae(触须). What does this bit taste like? Exactly how big is it? Those are the kinds of things the ants are checking out. When they finally choose a food, the ants carry it back to their nest.
Do your ants prefer big seeds or smaller ones? Sweet crumbs or less sweet ones? Here’s a test: Give ants a choice between full-strength honey and a honey-water mixture (add one teaspoon of honey to five teaspoons of water). Offer a few drops of each choice side-by-side at a feeding station. Then every three minutes count the number of ants you see near each place.
Want to see how far ants travel when they go out to collect food? First find an ant nest. You can do that by following some ants when they carry food home. Now you know how far the ants travelled to get to your food station. Next, move the food station about 30 cm farther from the nest. Do the ants find it? If so, move the station again. Keep moving the station until the ants no longer appear.
When ants find a food they like, they work quickly to collect it. Usually they try to get the nestmates to help. To find out how long does it take an ant to tell others that there’s food nearby, offer their favourite food and watch. After the first ant finds the food, begin counting the ants every minute. Also, watch their behaviour. When the first ant goes home, what does it do when it gets near one of its nestmates? Does it feed the other ant a bit of food? Or do the two touch the antennae together? Is the ant with the food pulling its back end on the ground? It may be leaving strong smell that leads to the food.
38. In Paragraph 4, who will probably ask “What does this bit taste like? Exactly how big is it?”
A. Ants. B. Scientists. C. Readers. D. Students.
40. What does the writer want readers to learn in this passage?
A. How to tell types of ants. B. How to feed ants at home.
C. How to study the way ants behave. D. How much food ants can eat.
【答案】38. A 40. C
【解析】本文主要讲述了如何研究蚂蚁的行为方式。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Those are the kinds of things the ants are checking out.”可知，这些就是蚂蚁要检查的东西，因此蚂蚁会问这些问题；故选A。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了如何研究蚂蚁的行为方式；故选C。

【南京市鼓楼区2022年中考英语一模试题】
A

Here’s how to make your own returning boomerang out of cardboard. You will need: tracing paper, pencil, cardboard, scissors, white glue, coloured markers.


1. Trace the outline of the blade pattern at right onto tracing paper. Then cut out the pattern.

2. Put the pattern over the cardboard and draw around it.

3. Repeat Step 2 and then cut out the two cardboard blades.

4. Put one blade on top of the other so they form an X-shape and glue them together at the centre.

5. Decorate your boomerang with coloured markers.

6. Fold up the ends of each cardboard strip about one inch from the end of each blade.
Flying Tips:

1. Find an open area outdoors away from other people.
2. Hold your boomerang vertically so the curved tips bend toward you.
3. Throw the boomerang with a quick snap of your wrist using just a little force.
4. Adjust the folds and practice your throw to make the boomerang fly better.
Dictionary: boomerang 回飞镖; trace描摹; blade镖刃; vertically垂直地; adjust调整
26. Which item is also used in Step l of “Make a Boomerang”?
A. Cardboard. B. Scissors. C. White glue. D. Coloured markers.
27. What will a boomerang be like if Step 5 is missing?
A. It won’t fly back. B. It will be in X-shape.
C. It will look very common. D. It won’t be heavy enough.
28. What does the writer give “Flying Tips” for?
A. To tell how to make a boomerang. B. To tell what a boomerang looks like.
C. To tell what materials will be needed. D. To tell how to throw and use a boomerang
【答案】26. B 27. C 28. D
【解析】本文介绍了制作 回飞镖的方法和使用注意事项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Trace the outline of the blade pattern at right onto tracing paper. Then cut out the pattern.”可知在描图纸上在右侧描出叶片图案的轮廓，然后剪出图案。剪图案用到的应该是剪刀。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Decorate your boomerang with coloured markers.”可知第五步是为了给回飞镖上色标记，因此如果没有这步，回飞镖就是纸壳的颜色，没什么特殊的地方，很普通。故选C。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Find an open area outdoors away from other people.”和“Throw the boomerang with a quick snap of your wrist using just a little force.”可知贴士中给出了飞回飞镖的步骤和注意事项，因此这部分是为了教人们如何扔和使用回飞镖。故选D。
C
I work at a US university where my team and I are trying to learn more about water birds, especially one called the American black duck. And we’ve just started using an exciting piece of equipment called a “night-vision scope”, which allows us to see the ducks in the dark!
We’re worried about black ducks mainly because their numbers have fallen hugely and we don’t know whether there’s enough food on the east coast for these animals. There’s lots of information about their daytime activities, but nothing about what they do at night, because we simply haven’t had the equipment. But this new “scope” will produce really clear pictures, even on moonless nights, so we’ll be able to find out more and make better decisions about looking after the area where they live based on what we learn.
It is very hard work. There are four of us, each working six hours daily. We’ve studied ducks in different locations, and I’ve had to take a boat to some places and make notes on every duck I see. The weather hasn’t helped—some nights are warm, but more often it’s wet. Oh, and it’s so quiet I’ve needed lots of coffee to stop me falling asleep! We’ve only missed one working day so far, because the snow was too deep even for our special snow vehicles.
Still I like the challenge of it, especially compared to what the summer will bring-hours in a lab, where we’ll look at our results together. It’ll be hard to stay and work for long hours inside—but it’s necessary to do this. And I wouldn’t change it for anything!
32. What is the writer doing in the text?
A. He’s describing how he became a wildlife biologist.
B. He’s giving a report of success he’s had in his work.
C. He’s explaining how he is doing a piece of research.
D. He’s suggesting how readers can learn about one type of bird.
33. What is the writer hoping to discover about American black ducks?
A. What their actions are like after dark.
B. Which kind of food they need to live on.
C. Which animals cause the fall in their numbers.
D. What makes the east coast a suitable place for them.
【答案】32. C 33. A
【解析】本文介绍作者团队一次户外观察北美黑鸭的研究。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“I work at a US university where my team and I are trying to learn more about water birds, especially one called the American black duck.”可知作者和所在团队想要更了解北美黑鸭，所以进行了一次研究，需要去黑鸭所在地观察。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据“ There’s lots of information about their daytime activities, but nothing about what they do at night, because we simply haven’t had the equipment.”可知有很多黑鸭白天活动的信息，但是夜里的信息是没有的，因为没有这样的装备，作者团队这次用了夜视仪来观察黑鸭晚上的活动。故选A。

【南京市建邺区2022年中考英语二模试卷】
A
China, our motherland, has played an important role in the world. Read the following passages and try to learn more about it.
Sports has always been an important part in people’s life around the world. China has several traditional sports games and you happen to find two posters. Please read them carefully.

Ropes played an important role in ancient China and people in Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago used ropes to play games. Many tricks and skills are needed in order to play jump rope, whether in single, pairs or in a group. It is now popular.


The kite was invented in China over 2,000 years ago. It was used for checking in the war and for fun. The invention spread to other Asian countries and was introduced to Europe by Italian explorer Marco Polo (1254-1324) near the end of the 13th century.

26. The posters above are made to ______.
A. encourage more people to play traditional sports games
B. teach more people about how to play traditional sports games
C. tell people something about playing traditional sports games
D. ask people to introduce playing traditional sports games
27. According to the posters, ______.
A. playing jump rope doesn’t need a lot of tricks and skills
B. kites were used only for fun in ancient China over 2,000 years
C. the two sports games are just invented for one person to play
D. people not only in China but in other countries like flying kites
28. The pictures are used in the posters to ______.
A. help raise readers’ interest B. help readers learn to exercise
C. encourage readers to exercise D. tell readers how to exercise
【答案】26. C 27. D 28. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了中国传统的体育运动——跳绳和放风筝。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“China has several traditional sports games and you happen to find two posters.”和全文可知，上面的海报是为了告诉人们一些关于玩传统体育游戏的事情；故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The invention spread to other Asian countries and was introduced to Europe by Italian explorer Marco Polo (1254-1324) near the end of the 13th century.”可知 ，这项发明传播到其他亚洲国家，并在13世纪末由意大利探险家马可波罗（1254-1324）传入欧洲。由此推知，不仅是中国人，其他国家的人也喜欢放风筝。故选D。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据图片可知，图片展示了跳绳和放风筝这两项中国传统体育运动，是为了吸引读者的兴趣。故选A。
D

There are many famous people in the history of China. Here is a story between two of them.
During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC) to the Warring States Period (475-221BC) in ancient China, there was a Taoist school (道家学派) and a representative of Taoism was Zhuang Zhou, known as Zhuangzi (庄子) in history.
One day, Zhuangzi and his friend Huizi (惠子) walked down to a river. Crossing it by a small bridge, they stopped to watch some fish swimming in the water. The two friends began to discuss whether fish are happy. After watching them for a while, Zhuangzi started, “These little fish are swimming freely around. How happy they must be!” Huizi asked, “But you are not a fish. How do you know that the fish are happy?”
Zhuangzi said, “But you are not me. How do you know that I don’t know whether fish are happy?” Huizi said, “I am not you, so of course I do not know how you think about it. But you are not a fish, so it is impossible that you know how fish think about it.” Zhuangzi said, “Let’s go back to the beginning. You ask me how I know what fish enjoy. Clearly, you believe that I know what fish enjoy—by asking me how I know it! Well, let me explain how. I know it by being beside this river.”
Children, which of them was right?
Zhuangzi said the fish were happy. Did he really know? He was not a fish, so of course he could not know. But he was happy in his heart, and he placed his own happiness onto the fish. Although having a great deal of knowledge, Zhuangzi was interested in neither being famous nor becoming rich. He was in love with nature and he wanted to be close to mountains and rivers, birds and animals. He devoted himself to searching for the beauty and interest of life. So, seeing a clear sky and fine weather, feeling a gentle breeze and watching fish swimming in pools made Zhuangzi naturally felt his heart filled with gladness. He considered everything in nature as his family, and of course he felt that fish had feelings, too.
Huizi, being a friend of Zhuangzi, a great thinker, was no common person. He was an excellent politician (政治家) of his day, and a senior official with a record of great achievements. How could he have either wish or interest to care about flowers, birds, and fish? He cared more about people, and not at all the world of nature. And so, the fact that he did not understand the enjoyment of fish is not surprising.
Zhuangzi and Huizi, which one do you like?
39. According to Paragraph 6, Huizi may be more interested in the passage named ________.
A. How to solve hunger and save more B. How to be a successful fisherman
C. Where can you watch birds easily D. Which flower suits you most
40. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Zhuangzi and Huizi. B. The Enjoyment of Fish.
C. What is Taoist school? D. The Story of Fish.
【答案】9. A 40. B
【解析】本文主要讲述了庄子和惠子争辩鱼是否快乐的故事，并解释了两人持有不同观点的原因。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据“How could he have either wish or interest to care about flowers, birds, and fish? He cared more about people, and not at all the world of nature.”可知，惠子对花鸟鱼等自然之物不感兴趣，他更关心人，而不是自然界。故他可能会对《如何解决饥饿和拯救更多的人》感兴趣。故选A。
【40题详解】
最佳标题题。根据文章主旨判断，庄子和惠子争辩的核心内容是鱼是否快乐，故“鱼之乐”最适合做标题。故选B。

【南京市建邺区2022年中考英语一模试题】
A
English is widely spoken and taught in over 118 countries and is commonly used around the world as a trade language. So, learning English helps you communicate with almost the whole world.
When learning English, you may meet a lot of problems. Now you find a pie chart about it.

28. The pie chart is designed to _________.
A.show the expected difficulties of learning a new language
B. prove it is impossible to learn a new language very well
C. warn people it is very difficult to learn a new language
D. encourage more people to learn a new language in their free time
【答案】 28. A
【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据“When learning English, you may meet a lot of problems. Now you find a pie chart about it.”可知，该图表意在向大家展示学习一门新语言会有哪些预期困难。故选A。
C
To remember vocabularies drives a lot of students mad. Are there any useful methods to do it better? Here is a passage for you to read and learn.

Stay up late doing exercises remembering every grammar rule and reading all English articles you’ve learned again and again... Are these the ways you learn English? The bad news is that this method may do you little good. But the good news is that there are better ways to build your English vocabulary.
·Learn a new English word every day
If you’re not sure where to start, try making cards of the most commonly used words. Another way to build up your English vocabulary is reading. If you like reading about travel, pets or food, read about these topics in English. Look for English newspapers or magazines about your favorite subjects or visit websites or blogs about these topics. Read a few articles each morning, and circle new words. If you like watching movies, pick one and start watching. If you’re afraid you won’t understand everything, you can always watch them with subtitles. Once you’re confident in your English listening skills, try watching movies without subtitles.
·Don’t forget to record new words in a vocabulary notebook
Whenever you come across a new word, write it down. Many English language learners carry a notebook for this purpose. Keep the notebook and a pen at hand. Then, you’ll have something to review while traveling or taking a break.
·Vocabulary learning system
Another thing to do is to develop an organized but easy way of collecting and learning new words. For example, a card system should include the following information，
*Word
*English meaning of the word
*Phrases or sentences
*Related words
*Words of similar meanings and words of opposite meanings
*Chinese meaning on the back of the card
· ▲
It is found that people understand and remember facts better if they are given in logical（合逻辑的） groups. For example, it is less difficult to remember words that are related to each other than those unrelated ones. Creating lists of words related to common themes–such as friendship, family, wealth, careers, sciences–will be much easier to learn and remember than collecting words according to their first letters.
32. In Paragraph 1, the writer introduces the topic by _________.
A. describing the common scenes of students’ ways of learning
B. listing the problems that students have when learning
C. presenting a few questions that students want to ask
D. telling a funny story of language learning experience
34. Which of the following sentence is the most suitable one to be put in the ▲ ?
A. Understand and remember facts better B. Collect words by theme or subject
C. Remember a list of unrelated words D. Divide words according to their first letters
【答案】32. A 34. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了4种高效记单词的方法。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一句“To remember vocabularies drives a lot of students mad.”可知记单词让许多学生要发疯了，这是学生们学习时的同感。故选A。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。此处要填入的是段落小标题。根据文章最后一句“ Creating lists of words related to common themes–such as friendship, family, wealth, careers, sciences–will be much easier to learn and remember than collecting words according to their first letters.”可知可以按共同主题列单词的清单，如友谊、家庭、财富、职业、等主题，这样积累单词要比按首字母排列的方法要容易得多，由此可知此段落的主题是“按主题或学科来积累单词”。故选B。
D
The world is getting smaller and smaller, so in order to communicate properly in a foreign language, you should also know more about body language.

Have you ever watched a silent film and tried to guess what the characters were saying? Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person’s feelings. It helps us communicate without saying much at all.
Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red-faced shows one’s anger, shock, or excitement. The wide eyes with a half-opened mouth mean surprise. Also, some other body movements can express the same meanings in different cultures. For example, being back in one’s seat and yawning at a talk show people are not interested, and looking at the watch from time to time in a conversation means people have something to do in a hurry.
However, not all body languages can show the same meanings in different cultures. What holds true for Indians may not be the same in Africa. First of all, in some cultures, people respect and encourage the direct eye contact. In English, there is a saying, “Don’t trust anyone who won’t look at you in the eye.” In many countries, direct eye contact between two people is considered important. According to most Western cultures, if a person looks directly at you, it is a sign that the person is honest and sincere and even can be trusted. While many cultures believe that direct eye contact from a child to an adult is an act of disrespect.
The OK sign, which is commonly used in many cultures, also has different meanings across the cultures. It means agreement in North American culture. But to French, it means “zero” or “valueless”, not “fine” or “OK”.
Touching is another example. At times, saying hello could turn into a disaster if one does not consider the use of touch in another culture. A general and accepted way of saying “Hello” in Western culture is a simple handshake. A great deal of importance has been placed on how one should shake hands. In India, however, if the same is done to greet the elderly, perhaps those in their 60s, you might express that you’re calling yourself their equal. What’s more, the ideal way to greet someone in India is by touching their feet, not by shaking their hands.
So, the next time you decide to travel to another country, besides looking up places to visit, a quick search or a book can also guide you on how to use proper body languages to better communicate with the local people, and avoid being impolite to them during your stay!
36. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. A television show. B. The mirror. C. Body language. D. Person’s feelings.
39. Where can you most possibly find this passage?
A. In a story. B. In the news. C. In a diary. D. In a magazine.
40. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Body language changes among cultures. B. Body language is more important.
C. Body language influences communication. D. Body language helps you go travelling.
【答案】36. C 39. D 40. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了肢体语言对交流的影响。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据上句“Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person’s feelings.”可知，身体语言，就像面部表情，是一个人的感情的镜子，可见此处的“It”指代的应是身体语言。故选C。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是肢体语言对交流的影响。它不是故事类的，不是新闻类的也不是日记类的，而是面向大众的科普类知识，应该存在于一本杂志中。故选D。
【40题详解】
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了肢体语言对交流的影响。故选C。

【南京市联合体2022年中考英语二模试卷】
In ancient times, people tried to explain the world around them based on what they saw. People in ancient times saw that the sun came up from one side of the earth, moved across the sky and went down to the other side. Based on this observation, they believed that the sun travels around the earth. Going directly from observation to conclusion is called non-scientific thinking.
Here is an example of non-scientific thinking. Maybe you had a sick stomach, and ate a candy bar. An hour later, you found that you felt much better. You might conclude that it was the candy bar that made you feel better. But there are other possible reasons for the observation. Maybe you had taken some medicine an hour earlier, and it took a while to work. Maybe enough time had passed, and you would have felt better without eating the candy bar. Non-scientific thinking happens all the time.
The scientific method is a way of thinking that helps you to avoid making incorrect conclusions. It helps you to avoid non-scientific thinking. It reminds you to treat your first conclusion as one of several possible conclusions. It reminds you to gather evidence（证据）to support your conclusion. The four steps in the scientific method begin by questioning an observation, and end with a conclusion that is based on evidence. First, you can ask a question about your observation, such as, “What makes a sick stomach feel better?” Second, state a possible answer to the question, such as, “A candy bar makes a sick stomach feel better.” Third, test your guess, this can be done in many different ways. You could wait until you have a sick stomach again, eat a candy bar, and see what happens. Finally, think and conclude—think about what happened when you tested and you can make a conclusion.
33. The purpose of the example in the second paragraph is to ________.
A. ask readers to take some medicine as early as they can
B. help readers understand what non-scientific thinking is
C. show how to make conclusions directly from observations
D. conclude that eating a candy bar can make people feel better
34. The last paragraph mainly talks about ________.
A. what makes non-scientific thinking
B. an example of non-scientific thinking
C. ways to make a sick stomach feel better
D. how to use the scientific method correctly
35. The text is most probably taken from ________.
A. an advertisement B. a movie poster C. a guide book D. a science magazine
【答案】 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】本文主要讲述了什么是非科学思维以及如何正确运用科学方法。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据 “Here is an example of non-scientific thinking.”可知第二段中举例子的目的是帮助读者理解什么是非科学思维。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The scientific method is a way of thinking that helps you to avoid making incorrect conclusions...”以及本段内容可知最后一段主要讨论如何正确运用科学方法。故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要讲述了什么是非科学思维以及如何正确运用科学方法。因此这篇文章应该是来自于一篇科学杂志。故选D。
In ancient times, people tried to explain the world around them based on what they saw. People in ancient times saw that the sun came up from one side of the earth, moved across the sky and went down to the other side. Based on this observation, they believed that the sun travels around the earth. Going directly from observation to conclusion is called non-scientific thinking.
Here is an example of non-scientific thinking. Maybe you had a sick stomach, and ate a candy bar. An hour later, you found that you felt much better. You might conclude that it was the candy bar that made you feel better. But there are other possible reasons for the observation. Maybe you had taken some medicine an hour earlier, and it took a while to work. Maybe enough time had passed, and you would have felt better without eating the candy bar. Non-scientific thinking happens all the time.
The scientific method is a way of thinking that helps you to avoid making incorrect conclusions. It helps you to avoid non-scientific thinking. It reminds you to treat your first conclusion as one of several possible conclusions. It reminds you to gather evidence（证据）to support your conclusion. The four steps in the scientific method begin by questioning an observation, and end with a conclusion that is based on evidence. First, you can ask a question about your observation, such as, “What makes a sick stomach feel better?” Second, state a possible answer to the question, such as, “A candy bar makes a sick stomach feel better.” Third, test your guess, this can be done in many different ways. You could wait until you have a sick stomach again, eat a candy bar, and see what happens. Finally, think and conclude—think about what happened when you tested and you can make a conclusion.
33. The purpose of the example in the second paragraph is to ________.
A. ask readers to take some medicine as early as they can
B. help readers understand what non-scientific thinking is
C. show how to make conclusions directly from observations
D. conclude that eating a candy bar can make people feel better
34. The last paragraph mainly talks about ________.
A. what makes non-scientific thinking
B. an example of non-scientific thinking
C. ways to make a sick stomach feel better
D. how to use the scientific method correctly
35. The text is most probably taken from ________.
A. an advertisement B. a movie poster C. a guide book D. a science magazine
【答案】33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】本文主要讲述了什么是非科学思维以及如何正确运用科学方法。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据 “Here is an example of non-scientific thinking.”可知第二段中举例子的目的是帮助读者理解什么是非科学思维。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The scientific method is a way of thinking that helps you to avoid making incorrect conclusions...”以及本段内容可知最后一段主要讨论如何正确运用科学方法。故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要讲述了什么是非科学思维以及如何正确运用科学方法。因此这篇文章应该是来自于一篇科学杂志。故选D。