上学期高一英语期中考试-高一英语必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版）

上学期高一英语期中考试
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Janet Guthrie and Danica Patrick, first female Indy competitor and winner
No complaints about woman drivers. Janet Guthrie, an space engineer who was training to be an astronaut, turned to car racing when she was cut from the space program for not having completed her doctors degree. In 1977, Guthrie became the first female Indy 500 competitor. She didn’t take the lead, but Danica Patrick did. In 2005 and in 2008, Patrick became the first woman ever to win an Indy Car Series.
Raymonde de Laroche, first female licensed pilot
A former actress who'd been born Elise Raymonde Deroche in Paris in 1882, Raymonde de Laroche was inspired to take up flying after seeing the Wright Brothers flight demonstrations in 1907 in France. Though she wasn’t the first female pilot, de Laroche was the first woman to earn a pilot’s license in 1910.
Gertrude Ederle, first woman to swim across the English Channel
On August 6. 1926. Gertrude Caroline Ederle became the first woman to swim across the English Channel. Ederle, who lived to be 98 and died in 2003, was also an Olympic swim champion and five-time world record-holder in five swimming events
Kathrine Switzer, Nina Kuscik and Joan Benoit, first major female marathoners.
In 1967, 20-year-old Kathrine Switzer became the first woman to run in the Boston Marathon, even though race officials had tried to stop her. Nina Kuscik became the first woman to officially win the Boston Marathon, 1972. In 1984, American Joan Benoit became the first winner of the Women’s Olympic Marathon, finishing 400 meters ahead of Norway's Grete Waitz
1．Why was Janet Guthrie forbidden to take up space program?
A．She used to be a woman driver.
B．She showed interested in car racing.
C．She was employed as an engineer.
D．She didn't gain doctors degree.
2．What made Raymonde de Laroche decide to become a pilot?
A．Her experience as an actress.
B．Her settlement in Paris.
C．Wright Brothers influence.
D．Wright Brothers dialogues.
3．What's the similarity between Gertrude Ederle and Kathrine Switzer?
A．They were athletic B．They lived a long life.
C．They had a higher fame. D．They were looked down upon.
B
Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world-Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey - rats will soon be man’s new best friends.
What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs.Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives.They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal. This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive.The rat has smelled that person.
Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell University, New York, says, “Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark.They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be fantastic. A rat could get into spaces we couldn’t get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course).
4．In the world earthquake capitals, rats will become popular because they can .
A．get into small spaces
B．take the place of man’s rescue jobs
C．find food for survivors trapped in buildings
D．find the position of survivors trapped in buildings
5．From the third paragraph we know rescuers can judge a person is alive by .
A．the noise made by the rat B．the rat’s unusual behaviour
C．the signal sent by the radio on the rat D．the smell given off by the person trapped
6．After reading the passage we know that now .
A．people still use dogs and robots in rescue work
B．the “rat project” has been completed already
C．rats have replaced dogs in searching for people
D．people are happy to see a rat in a building
7．The main idea of the passage is about_______in an earthquake.
A．dos and don’ts B．the role rats will play
C．ways of rescuing people D．the reason for not using dogs
C
For several months, Cara has been working up the courage to talk to her mom about what she saw on Instagram. Not long ago, the 11-year-old girl discovered that her mom had been posting her photos for much of her life. “It’s strange to see myself up there, and sometimes there are pictures I don’t like of myself,” she said.
Like most other modern kids, Cara grew up under the influence of social media.Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube were all founded before she was born. Instagram has existed since she was a toddler. Although many kids may not yet have accounts (账户) themselves, their parents, schools, sports teams have been organizing an online one for them since birth. It is a shock to know that details about their lives have been shared online without their permission or knowledge. And this has become a common experience for many teenagers.
Recently a parenting blogger (博主) said that despite her 14-year-old daughter’s horror at discovering that her mother had shared years of highly personal information about her online, she simply could not stop doing it.
But it’s not just crazy mommy bloggers who share their children’s information on social media. Plenty of average parents do the same. There’s even a special word for it: sharenting. Almost a quarter of children begin their digital lives when parents upload their prenatal sonogram scans (产前超声波扫描) to the Internet, according to a study conducted by the Internet-security company AVG. The study also found that 92 percent of kids under the age of 2 already have their own unique online identity(身份).
8．What does the underlined word “toddler” in the second paragraph probably mean?
A．Teenage girl. B．Very young child.
C．Elementary school student. D．High school student.
9．What’s Cara’s attitude towards her mom’s posting?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Negative. D．Uninteresting.
10．What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A．AVG is the name of an Internet company.
B．About 25% of children begin their digital lives before they are born.
C．Fathers don’t like to share their kids’ information on social media.
D．Average parents created the word “sharenting” on the Internet recently.
11．What can be a suitable title for the article?
A．Growing up on the Internet B．A New Word Born
C．Parents Lost in Blogging D．The Children’s Horror
D
While elephants born without tusks (长牙)are not unheard of，they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the country’s civil war ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory.
Poole says before the country’s 15-year-long civil war, the 100,000-acre park was home to over 4,000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to help finance weapons (武器)and meat to feed the soldiers. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the park’s tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.
This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the population of elephants. At Zambia’s South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Management Area， areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants 25 years or older and 13% of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008 study published found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory.
The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting. However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, to change the trend.
12．What is the probable cause of the phenomenon mentioned in Paragraph 1 ?
A．Illegal hunting. B．Constant farming.
C．A pure coincidence. D．Natural evolution.
13．Why did people kill so many elephants during the civil war in Mozambique?
A．To get funds by selling ivory.
B．To develop new weapons.
C．To provide food for local people.
D．To make ivory products.
14．Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants?
A．Gorongonsa National Park.
B．South Luangwa National Park.
C．The Ruaha National Park.
D．Lupande Game Management Area.
15．What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Elephants facing greater danger.
B．Elephants growing more slowly.
C．Fewer female elephants staying alive.
D．More female elephants being tuskless.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It can be truly frightening to fall through ice on a frozen(结冰的)lake. ____16____ In fact, there is more time to help you survive than you think.
As you first hit the freezing water, you will almost breathe(呼吸)quickly at once. Remember to get control of your breathing and not to move around. ____17____ This means that it takes about one minute to gain control of your breathing, and ten minutes to move before you get too cold. The final one is to remind you that it will take one hour before you become unconscious(失去知觉的).
Take that first minute and fully focus on your breathing. Slow it down, and then look around to see if you can find the thickest area of ice. When you find the ice, spread out your arms over the surface, and then begin to flutter-kick(上下打水)until your body reaches the same level of the surface. ____18____
It is possible that you can live for several hours after passing out. This, however, does require some planning. You only have about 10 minutes before your body becomes too cold to do anything. Besides, what if you feel too weak to go on and you cannot get out? ____19____ The point is to try to freeze your coat to the ice, so that if you lose consciousness, you will keep your head out of ice. ____20____
A．Thus, you will remain visible, wait for someone to come, even if you pass out.
B．However, if you remain calm, it can save your life.
C．Place your arms over the surface of the ice and remain still.
D．Take off any clothing or anything that makes you heavy.
E．Remember that you should always stay off ice that’s only 8cm.
F．Kick hard and use your arms and hands to climb out of the water.
G．It can help to remember the “1-10-l rule”.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Six days a week, my grandfather brought mail to people. Aged 68, he retired, but he never ____21____ serving the community.
On his 80th birthday, I sent him a(n) ____22____ suggesting it was time for him to ____23____ and take things easy.
“Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “but slowing down ____24____ me. Life isn’t having it made ____25____, it’s getting it made.”
“The happiest years of our lives were not when we had ____26____ into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before ____27____ and worked till after dark to make ends ____28____. What I still can’t figure out is why I never got ____29____, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for ____30____, and providing for those we loved. What ____31____ are not the great moments, but the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the ____32____, not the arrival, that counts.”
The letter ended with a request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less ____33____ to do things — and there are ten million things to do.”
Christina Rossetti once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the ____34____ end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, ____35____.
21．A．stopped B．enjoyed C．finished D．considered
22．A．gift B．note C．invitation D．letter
23．A．slow down B．calm down C．catch up D．give up
24．A．confuses B．scares C．changes D．attacks
25．A．still B．obviously C．instead D．sadly
26．A．lain B．fallen C．moved D．gone
27．A．daylight B．breakfast C．school D．noon
28．A．fail B．follow C．meet D．stand
29．A．tired B．hungry C．warm D．annoyed
30．A．freedom B．survival C．health D．riches
31．A．forms B．tells C．matters D．hurts
32．A．design B．experiment C．style D．journey
33．A．day B．week C．month D．year
34．A．extra B．very C．frightening D．advanced
35．A．thinking B．smiling C．giving D．climbing
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I woke up this morning excited ____36____ nervous as today was the day I would begin my journey of senior high school. Thousands of thoughts rushed through my mind.
“What may happen ____37____ me?” I couldn’t even enjoy the big breakfast my mum had made for me. Seeing I was ____38____ (extreme) nervous, my mum told me I would be fine if I followed the school ____39____  (rule). So I smiled and hoped for the best possible outcome. The bus ride seemed so long, but soon enough there I was. I stood outside of the school building. It seemed a bit bigger than ____40____ I had imagined, and I went inside.
As soon as I opened the classroom door, all I ____41____(see) were other kids. They all looked upset and worries spread over everyone’s face. Then I knew I was not the only one feeling this way.
I spent the rest of the day on the ____42____(explore) of what everything was like. The worried faces disappeared as time went on. We got to know ____43____ (we) teachers a bit more. They were neither unfriendly ____44____ strict.
Before I knew it, the day was over. Senior high school may seem ____45____(frighten), but it’s just like junior high.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假定你是李华，请你给你的新西兰朋友Tom写一封信，内容包括：
1. 讲述英语学习的困难；
2. 请教英语学习的方法。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm,” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a hose ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don’t be late for supper,” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!” “OK!” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven (编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1：
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
We had no idea where we were and it got dark.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D    2．C    3．A
【分析】本文是人物类短文，介绍了四位伟大女性，Patrick成为第一个赢得印第系列汽车冠军的女性；德·拉罗什是1910年获得飞行员执照的第一位女性；格特鲁德·卡洛琳·埃德尔成为第一位横渡英吉利海峡的女性；1967年，20岁的凯瑟琳·斯威策(Kathrine Switzer)成为第一位参加波士顿马拉松比赛的女性。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段Janet Guthrie, an space engineer who was training to be an astronaut, turned to car racing when she was cut from the space program for not having completed her doctors degree.可知，珍妮特·格思里(Janet Guthrie)是一名太空工程师，曾受训成为一名宇航员。由于没有完成博士学位，她被取消了太空项目的资格。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Raymonde de Laroche was inspired to take up flying after seeing the Wright Brothers flight demonstrations in 1907 in France.可知，1907年，雷蒙德•德•拉罗什(Raymonde de Laroche)在法国看到莱特兄弟(Wright Brothers)的飞行演示后，受到了飞行的启发。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Ederle, who lived to be 98 and died in 2003, was also an Olympic swim champion and five-time world record-holder in five swimming events埃德尔活到了98岁，2003年去世。他还是奥运会游泳冠军，五次保持五项游泳项目的世界纪录。根据最后一段In 1967, 20-year-old Kathrine Switzer became the first woman to run in the Boston Marathon, 1967年，20岁的凯瑟琳·斯威策(Kathrine Switzer)成为第一位参加波士顿马拉松比赛的女性。她们两个都是运动员。故选A。
4．D
5．C
6．A
7．B
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了老鼠在地震中所扮演的角色。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But in the earthquake capitals of the world-Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey - rats will soon be man’s new best friends.(但在世界地震之都——日本、洛杉矶、土耳其——老鼠将很快成为人类最好的新朋友。)”和第二段“So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.( 所以现在一个新的研究项目正在使用一种更小的动物来拯救生命：老鼠。)”可知，在世界地震之都，老鼠将变得流行，因为它们可以找到被困在建筑物中的幸存者的位置。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive.(这是发送到它背上的一个小型无线电，然后救援人员跟踪无线电信号。当老鼠的大脑活动跳跃时，救援人员就知道有人还活着。)”可知，从第三段我们知道，救援人员可以通过老鼠身上的无线电信号来判断一个人是否还活着。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs.Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives.(地震后会发生什么？我们派了搜救犬，为什么？因为它们能闻到人的气味。狗拯救生命。)”和文章倒数第二段“Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better.(虽然已经有机器人可以做这项工作，但老鼠做得更好。)”可推知，人们在救援工作中仍然使用狗和机器人。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But in the earthquake capitals of the world-Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey - rats will soon be man’s new best friends.( 但在世界地震之都——日本、洛杉矶、土耳其——老鼠将很快成为人类最好的新朋友。)”可知，这篇文章的主旨是关于老鼠在地震中所扮演的角色。故选B。
8．B
9．C
10．B
11．A
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍孩子们在成长过程中和网络的联系。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Instagram has existed since she was a toddler.”(自从她是个toddler的时候，Instagram就已经存在了。)可知，toddler是指成长中的一个时期。根据第二段“Although many kids may not yet have accounts (账户) themselves, their parents, schools, sports teams have been organizing an online one for them since birth.”(尽管许多孩子自己可能还没有账户，但他们的父母，学校，运动队从他们出生起就为他们组织了一个在线账户。)可知，这些在线机构从他们出生时就已经存在，所以toddler应该是指“年龄很小”的时候，和B选项意思相近。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s strange to see myself up there, and sometimes there are pictures I don’t like of myself”(看到我自己在那上面真的很奇怪，并且有时候，还有一些我自己都不喜欢的照片。)可知，Cara对她的妈妈在Instagram上面上传她的照片的行为是不满意，不赞同的。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Almost a quarter of children begin their digital lives when parents upload their prenatal sonogram scans (产前超声波扫描) to the Internet, according to a study conducted by the Internet-security company AVG.”(根据互联网安全公司 AVG的一项研究，近四分之一的孩子是在父母将产前超声波扫描图上传到网上后开始数字生活的。)可知，近四分之一的孩子是在他们出生前就开始数字生活了。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Almost a quarter of children begin their digital lives when parents upload their prenatal sonogram scans (产前超声波扫描) to the Internet, according to a study conducted by the Internet-security company AVG. The study also found that 92 percent of kids under the age of 2 already have their own unique online identity(身份).”(根据互联网安全公司 AVG的一项研究，近四分之一的孩子是在父母将产前超声波扫描图上传到网上后开始数字生活的。这项研究还发现，92%的孩子们在不到2岁的时候已经有他们自己独立的网络身份了。)可知，这篇文章主要讲的是孩子们在成长过程中和网络的联系。故选A。12．A    13．A    14．C    15．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了受生存环境及偷猎行为的影响，有些非洲大象出生时就没有长牙，这势必会影响该物种的繁衍，目前一些国家已经开展拯救措施。
12．细节理解题。根据The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory.可知，研究人员认为，由于不断猎杀大象以获取有价值的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to help finance weapons (武器)and meat to feed the soldiers. 冲突在1992年结束的时候,大约90%的象被杀为了要象牙来融资制造武器并给士兵提供肉。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据A 2008 study published found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory. 2008年发表的一项研究发现，在坦桑尼亚的鲁哈国家公园，没有象牙的雌性数量从1969年的10.5%上升到1989年的近40%，这主要是因为非法狩猎象牙。这是最早的记录。故选C。
15．词义猜测题。根据scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, 科学家们还不确定无牙母象率较高的这种情况需要多长时间能够改变。故选D。
16．B    17．G    18．F    19．C    20．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章讲述了掉进结冰的湖里应采取的自救措施。
16．上文“It can be truly frightening to fall through ice on a frozen(结冰的)lake.（在结冰的湖面上掉进冰里真的很可怕。）”可知讲述掉到结冰的湖里真的很可怕；可知下文“In fact, there is more time to help you survive than you think.（事实上，帮助你生存的时间比你想象的要多。）”可知提到了帮助生存的时间比想象的多；选项B“However, if you remain calm, it can save your life.（然而，如果你保持冷静，它可以拯救你的生命。）”讲述的是掉到结冰的湖面时应该有的表现，承接了上文所述的掉进结冰的湖里的内容，并说明了掉进去之后应该如何做才能获得生存，即保持冷静，引出下文对于保持镇静后其实这里有比想象中多的时间来帮助获得生存的阐述；故选B项。
17．上文“Remember to get control of your breathing and not to move around.（记住控制你的呼吸，不要四处走动。）”可知提到了控制呼吸和不要四处走动，推知空处可能讲述的是控制呼吸和不要四出走动的好处；下文“This means that it takes about one minute to gain control of your breathing, and ten minutes to move before you get too cold.（在你变得太冷之前这意味着大约需要一分钟来控制你的呼吸，需要十分钟来移动。）”可知提到了一分钟控制呼吸，十分钟移动；选项G“It can help to remember the “1-10-l rule”（它可以帮助记住“1-10-l 规则”）”讲述的是正是某种行为所带来的好处，即控制呼吸和不要四处走动可以帮助记住“1-10-l 规则”，承接了上文，同时引出下文对于这个规则的具体解释；故选G项。
18．上文“Take that first minute and fully focus on your breathing. Slow it down, and then look around to see if you can find the thickest area of ice. When you find the ice, spread out your arms over the surface, and then begin to flutter-kick(上下打水)until your body reaches the same level of the surface.（抓住第一分钟，全神贯注于你的呼吸。放慢速度，然后环顾四周，看看能否找到最厚的冰层。当你找到冰块的时候，把你的手臂伸展到冰面上，然后开始上下打水，直到你的身体到达冰面的同一高度。）”可知讲述的是在掉进结冰的湖里后用自己的肢体自救的方法；选项F“Kick hard and use your arms and hands to climb out of the water.（用力踢，用你的手臂和双手爬出水面。）”讲述的也是掉进结冰的湖里用自己的肢体自救的方法，承接了上文所述的内容，即当你的身体到达冰面的同一高度时用力踢，用手臂和双手爬出水面；故选F项。
19．上文“Besides, what if you feel too weak to go on and you cannot get out?（此外，如果你觉得太虚弱了，无法继续下去，走不出来怎么办？）”可知提到了出现太虚弱而无法继续进行自救的情况，推知空处讲述的是出现这种情况应该采取的保存体力的措施；下文“The point is to try to freeze your coat to the ice, so that if you lose consciousness, you will keep your head out of ice.（关键是要尽量把你的外套冻在冰上，这样如果你失去了意识，你的头就不会被冻在冰上。）”可知在讲述某种情况下应该把外套冻在冰面上的好处；选项C“Place your arms over the surface of the ice and remain still.（把你的手臂放在冰面上并保持不动。）”可知讲述的正是保存体力的措施，即出现太虚弱而无法继续进行自救的情况，应该把手臂放在冰面上并保持不动，同时这也正是下文所描述的措施所适用的情况，即你要把外套放在冰面上，这样即使你动不了也不会把头给冻住；故选C项。
20．根据前文“It is possible that you can live for several hours after passing out. This, however, does require some planning. You only have about 10 minutes before your body becomes too cold to do anything. Besides, what if you feel too weak to go on and you cannot get out?（有可能你昏倒后还能活几个小时。然而，这确实需要一些计划。你只有大约10分钟，在你的身体变得太冷而无法做任何事情之前。而且，如果你觉得太虚弱了，无法继续下去，无法脱身怎么办？）”可知前文讲述了在身体变冷之前应该做的事情以及出现虚弱不能自救的情况该采取的措施；选项A“Thus, you will remain visible, wait for someone to come, even if you pass out（以这种方式，你要保持你自己可被人看见，等待有人来，即使你昏倒了）”承接了前文所述内容，总结出了用前文所述的方式，来等待别人来救助，即使昏倒了也是如此，即做了前文所述的措施之后，要让自己保持被看见，然后就可以等待别人来救助了，选项A与前文构成逻辑顺序关系；故选A项。

21．A    22．D    23．A    24．B    25．C    26．C    27．A    28．C    29．A    30．B    31．C    32．D    33．D    34．B    35．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的祖父退休了，但从未停止为社区服务。作者在他80岁时写信给他，让他放慢脚步，祖父却回信说生命的意义不在于坐享其成，而是不断攀登。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：68岁时，他退休了，但他从未停止为社区服务。A. stopped停止；B. enjoyed欣赏；C. finished结束；D. considered考虑。根据上文“Aged 68, he retired, but he never”中but表示转折，说明他从未停止为社区服务，故选A。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他80岁生日那天，我给他写了一封信，建议他是时候放慢脚步，放松一下了。A. gift礼物；B. note笔记；C. invitation邀请函；D. letter信。根据后文“he wrote in his letter back”可知作者写了信。故选D。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他80岁生日那天，我给他写了一封信，建议他是时候放慢脚步，放松一下了。A. slow down减缓；B. calm down冷静；C. catch up赶上；D. give up放弃。呼应后文“but slowing down”指作者让祖父放慢脚步，故选A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“谢谢你的良言，”他在回信中写道，“但慢下来让我害怕。”A. confuses使糊涂；B. scares使害怕；C. changes改变；D. attacks攻击。结合后文可知祖父不愿意放慢脚步，认为生命应该勇攀高峰，即放慢脚步让他害怕。故选B。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：生命的意义不在于坐享其成，而在于勇攀高峰！A. still依然；B. obviously显然；C. instead而不是；D. sadly悲伤地。根据后文“it’s getting it made”可知，生命的意义不在于坐享其成，而在于勇攀高峰。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活中最快乐的时光并不是搬进一个舒适的家的时候。A. lain躺下；B. fallen落下；C. moved搬家；D. gone离开。根据后文“into a comfortable home”指搬进舒服的家，故选C。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我回想起多年前，我们住在一幢三居室的房子里，为了维持生计，我们天不亮就起床，一直工作到天黑。A. daylight白天；B. breakfast早餐；C. school学校；D. noon中午。根据后文“and worked till after dark”可知，天不亮就起床，一直工作到天黑。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回想起多年前，我们住在一幢三居室的房子里，为了维持生计，我们天不亮就起床，一直工作到天黑。A. fail失败；B. follow跟随；C. meet遇见，相符；D. stand站立。结合语境表示“维持生计”短语为make ends meet，指当时过着艰苦的日子。故选C。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我仍然不明白的是，为什么我从来不会觉得累，我的生活感觉非常好。A. tired疲惫的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. warm温暖的；D. annoyed生气的。结合上文可知每天天不亮就去工作却感觉开心可知，虽然工作辛苦但不觉得疲惫。故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想答案是，我们为生存而努力，为我们所爱的人而努力。A. freedom自由；B. survival生存；C. health健康；D. riches财富。结合上文可知努力工作来维持生计，即为了生存而努力。故选B。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：重要的不是那些伟大的时刻，而是等待，甚至是失败。A. forms形成；B. tells告诉；C. matters重要；D. hurts伤害。呼应后文“that counts”指重要的时刻。故选C。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：重要的是过程，而不是到达。A. design设计；B. experiment实验；C. style风格；D. journey旅程。根据后文“not the arrival”重要的不是到达，而是旅程的过程。故选D。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这封信的结尾是一个请求：“孩子，在我下一个生日的时候，请告诉我起床并开始行动，因为我将少一年的时间去做事情——而有成千上万的事情要做。”A. day天；B. week周；C. month月；D. year年。根据上文“on my next birthday”可知，到明年祖父生日的时候，又少了一年去做事情。故选D。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，直到最后一刻。A. extra额外的；B. very恰好的；C. frightening可怕的；D. advanced高级的。指人生要攀登到最后一刻，the very end表示“结尾，最后”。故选B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，我的祖父96岁了，他仍然在那条漫长的道路上攀登。A. thinking思考；B. smiling微笑；C. giving给予；D. climbing攀爬。此处呼应上文“Life isn’t having it made still, it’s getting it made.”指生命的意义不在于坐享其成，而是攀登，祖父仍然在那条漫长的道路上攀登。故选D。

36．but##and    37．to    38．extremely    39．rules    40．what    41．saw    42．exploration    43．our    44．nor    45．frightening

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者详细的描写了高中开学第一天的经历以及情绪的变化。
36．考查并列连词。句意：今天早上醒来，我既兴奋又紧张，因为今天是我开始高中之旅的日子。或者我今天早上醒来很兴奋，但也很紧张，因为今天是我开始高中之旅的日子。设空处连接两个并列的形容词，所以用并列连词。表达“既兴奋又紧张”时，用and，此外，此处也可表达“兴奋但又紧张”，用but表示转折。故填and或者but。
37．考查介词。句意：我身上会发生什么事呢？sth happen to sb为固定句型，意为“某人发生什么事情”，故填to。
38．考查副词。句意：看到我非常紧张，我妈妈告诉我如果我遵守校规就不会有问题。设空处修饰形容词nervous需用副词，故填extremely。
39．考查名词的数。句意：看到我非常紧张，我妈妈告诉我如果我遵守校规就不会有问题。rule“规则，条例”为可数名词，表示多条校规。所以此处用复数形式，故填rules。
40．考查名词性从句连接词。句意：它似乎比我想象的要大一些，我走了进去。句子结构分析可知，设空处引导名词性从句，并在从句中作宾语指想象的内容，所以用what。故填what。
41．考查时态。句意：我一打开教室的门，看到的都是别的孩子。句子结构分析可知，all I_6_ (see) were other kids中I_6_ (see)是省略了关系代词that的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词all，设空处在从句中作谓语动词，根据句意可知从句时态与主句一致，由后文的were可知主句为一般过去时，所以设空处也应该用一般过去时，故填saw。
42．考查名词。句意：这一天剩下的时间，我都在探索周围的一切。根据空前on the以及后文的of可知此空应该用名词exploration，在此句中为抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填exploration。
43．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我们对老师有了更多的了解。由空后的teachers，可知此空为形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填our。
44．考查连词。句意：他们既友好又不严格。固定搭配neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”，故填nor。
45．考查形容词。句意：高中可能看起来很可怕，但它就像初中一样。设空处在句中作表语修饰senior high school，表达“令人害怕的，可怕的”用frightening。故填frightening。
46．Dear Tom,
How are things going with you? It’s been a while since we wrote to each other, and I’m writing for advice about one thing that has been troubling me. While I’ve tried, I still can’t make much progress in my English study. What frustrates me most is that I can’t seem to memorise those new words, which simply keep escaping my mind. It occurs to me that you, as a native of English, can give me some advice about how to learn it well, which I’ll treasure.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给新西兰朋友Tom写一封信，讲述英语学习的困难并请教英语学习的方法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→suggestion
尽管：while→although
某人突然想到：It occurs to sb that→It strikes sb that
珍视：treasure→value
2.句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：While I’ve tried, I still can’t make much progress in my English study.
同义句：Tried as I have, I still can’t make much progress in my English study.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s been a while since we wrote to each other, and I’m writing for advice about one thing that has been troubling me.（运用了since引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】What frustrates me most is that I can’t seem to memorise those new words, which simply keep escaping my mind.（运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句以及which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型3】It occurs to me that you, as a native of English, can give me some advice about how to learn it well, which I’ll treasure.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
47．Paragraph 1:
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Its abrupt appearance scared my horse, making it run off the track wildly. I spared no efforts to hold on as hard as I could and my dad was trying to keep up, extremely worried about my safety. Fortunately, minutes later, the horse stopped before a river, out of breath. Relieved, we looked around trying to find the track. However, it was nowhere to be found. So aimlessly did the frightened horse run that we got lost unconsciously.
Paragraph 2:
We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Nothing in sight was familiar and neither did we know where the farm house was. Just at the point of desperation, from the distance came a faint voice. “It must be Uncle Paul,” I exclaimed excitedly. That we didn’t come back for dinner made him realize something unusual might have happened. So my uncle went out to look for us. Finally, we reached our uncle’s farm house safe and sound.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了父亲带儿子去西部荒野的一个朋友家体验农场生活，见父亲和叔叔骑马，儿子也很想骑，于是亲身上马体验的经历。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，一只小兔子跳到了我的马前。”可知，第一段可描写兔子出现后带来的反应扩展开，可以写马的反应，也可以写人的反应，但要注意与第二段首句相呼应。
②由第二段首句内容“我们不知道自己在哪里，天黑了。”可知，第二段可呼应前文保罗叔叔的叮嘱——不要误吃晚饭，可从如何寻路返回农场去写。
2.续写线索：兔子出现——马受惊——迷路——天黑——被叔叔找到——到达农舍
3.词汇激活
行为类
使惊吓：scare/frighten
努力：spare no efforts to /try one’s best
叫喊：exclaim/shout
情绪类
疯狂：wildly / madly
担心：worried /concerned
【点睛】[高分句型1] Its abrupt appearance scared my horse, making it run off the track wildly. (运用了现在分词作结果状语)
[高分句型2] Nothing in sight was familiar and neither did we know where the farm house was. (运用了部分倒装和where引导的宾语从句)