中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力练习语篇理解之细节理解题精读精练 (含详解)

这是一份中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力练习语篇理解之细节理解题精读精练 (含详解)，共22页。试卷主要包含了特殊疑问句形式， 以是非题的形式， 以填空题的形式，如， 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问， =address等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点复习
1
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, nt true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以Accrding t… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）T avid attracting muntain lins, peple are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence f the passage authr means that________.
（3）It seems that nw a cuntry’s ecnmy depends much n________.
（4）If yu are interested in knwing abut what peple’s life will be, yu may visit________.
（5）The plicemen were tld “t lk the ther way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) s that________ .
（6）The pliceman wh said “Gd evening” t Rlls wanted t________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在中考中占大多数。
值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：
题型一 描写类细节题
描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。
【典例示例】
Fr Canaan Elementary’s secnd grade in Patchgue, N.Y.，tday is speech day ,and right nw it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-ld is the jker f the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the f kid wh wuld enjy public speaking.
But he’s, nervus.“I’m here t tell yu tday why yu shuld … shuld…”Chris trips n the“-ld,”a. prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thmas Whaley ,is next t him, whispering supprt.“…Vte fr …me …”Except fr sme stumbles, Chris is ding amazingly well. When he brings his speech t a nice cnclusin ,Whaley invites the rest f the class t praise him.
A sn f immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little ver three years ag. Whaley recalls(回想起)hw at the beginning f the year，when called upn t read，Chris wuld excuse himself t g t the bathrm.
Learning English as a secnd language can be a painful experience. What yu need is a great teacher wh lets yu make mistakes. “It takes a lt fr any student，” Whaley explains，“especially fr a student wh is learning English as their new language，t feel cnfident enugh t say，’I dn’t knw，but I want t knw.’”
Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast(夸耀)abut themselves.
“Basting abut yurself，and yur best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult fr a child wh came int the classrm nt feeling cnfident.”
24. What made Chris nervus？
A. Telling a stry.B. Making a speech.
C. Taking a test.D. Answering a questin.
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述Thmas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。
24. B
【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段tday is speech day和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind f kids wh wuld enjy public speaking. 以及第二段第一句But he’s nervus.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。
题型二 信息寻找题、广告阅读题
信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在中考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。
广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。
（1）补全成分法
省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。
（2）联想推测法
在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。
为节省篇幅，特别是在商业广告中，常使用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写词有：
Tel. =telephne number
Ph. =phne Add (r). =address
c. =cmpany Ltd=Limited
Max=maximum Min=minimum
hr=hur t=time
fig=figure ft=ft
ml=mile dz=dzen
Mt=Muntain P=page
prf. =prfessr Dr. =dctr
s=suth n=nrth
w=west Sta=Statin
pp=ppular vs=versus
Xmas=Christmas inf=infrmatin
VIP=very imprtant persns hrs=hurs
aft=after ad=advertisement
p/t=part time exp=experienced
PC=persnal cmputer MA=Master f Arts
BS degree=bachelr’s degree (学士学位)
题型三 数据计算题
此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。
【典例示例】
Inspiring yung minds!
TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the wrld f children’s publishing, bringing a unique cmbinatin f challenging ideas and gd fun t yung fans every mnth.
What is s special abut TOKNOW magazine?
Well, it has n ads r prmtins inside—
instead it is jam-packed with serius ideas.
TOKNOW makes cmplex ideas attractive and
accessible t children, wh can becme invlved in advanced cncepts and even philsphy（哲学）—and they will sn discver that TOKNOW feels mre like a club than just a magazine.
What’s inside?
Every mnth the magazine intrduces a
fresh new tpic with articles, experiments
and creative things t make — the magazine
als explres philsphy and wellbeing t make sure yung readers have a balanced take n life.
Sunds t gd t be true?
Take a lk nline—evidence shws that thusands f teachers and parents knw a gd thing when they see it and recmmend TOKNOW t their friends.
Happy Birthday All Year!
What culd be mre fun than a gift that keeps cming thrugh the letterbx every mnth? The first magazine with yur gift message will arrive in time fr the special day.
SUBSCRIBE NOW
□Annual Subscriptin
Eurpe £55 Rest f Wrld £65
□Annual Subscriptin with Gift Pack
Includes a Mammth Map, a Passprt Puzzle Bklet, and Subscriptin
Eurpe £60 Rest f Wrld £70
Refund Plicy—the subscriptin can be cancelled within 28 days and yu can get yur mney back.
61. Hw much shuld yu pay if yu make a 12-muth subscriptin t TOKNOW with gift pack frm China?
A. £55. B. £60. C. £65. D. £70.
【文章大意】文章介绍了一本杂志TOKNOW Magazine。
61. D 【详解】数字计算题。根据Annual Subscriptin with Gift Pack中的Includes a Mammth Map, a passprt Puzzle Bklet, and Subscriptin Eurpe £60 Rest f Wrld £70，中国属于Rest f Wrld，故答案为D。
题型四 排序题
这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年中考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
题型五 图文转换题
此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。
【典例示例】
The Hme f My Peple
When Lewis and Clark stepped nt the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idah in September 1808, they met the Nez Perce Indians. In the fllwing years, the white explrers（探险者）began t fight with the Indians fr their land. Sme Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U.S. gvernment, selling part f their lands. But the gvernment always brke thse agreements and demanded mre land.
Other chiefs refused t g alng with the gvernment’s plans. The mst famus was Chief Jseph, whse peple lived in the Wallwa Valley（present-day Oregn）.
“In rder t have all peple understand hw much land we wned,” he nce explained, “my father planted ples arund it and said: ‘Inside is the hme f my peple…It circled arund the graves（坟墓）f ur fathers, and we will never give up these graves t any man. ‘”
But in 1874, the U.S. gvernment declared the valley pen fr white settlement and rdered the Nez Perce nt a reservatin（保留地）. Seeing that resistance was useless, Chief Jseph agreed t mve.
Later, fighting brke ut between the Nez Perce and U.S. sldiers. Chief Jseph tried t lead his peple t Canada, winning several battles against the sldiers during their flight. But finally, he was frced t give in.
1. Which histric site （n the map）lies in the suth f tday’s Nez Perce Reservatin?
A. Buffal Eddy. B. Dug Bar.
C. Jseph Canyn Viewpint. D. Chief Lking Glass Camp.
2. What can we learn abut the Nez Perce lands frm the map?
A. They were in the state f Oregn.
B. They have becme a histric site.
C. They have becme much smaller.
D. They were limited t the Wallwa Valley.
【答案与详解】
1. D 此题考查学生的图示理解能力。首先要找到并标出现在Nez Perce Reservatin所在的位置，然后找到它以南的历史景点。可以看到 Chief Lking Glass camp位于Nez Perce Reservatin的南部。
2. C 从地图中我们可以看到， Nez Perce原先所拥有的土地比现在Nez Perce保留区的位置大多了。
细节理解解题方法
1.把握解题的顺序原则
一般来说隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用采用步步为营法，看一题做一题。
2. 通过定位词寻找出题点
定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。通过定位词解题，就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速的把题干中有标记意义的词或词组划记出来，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。
我们首先要关注的是表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词。如
在找定位词的时候，请同学们注意以下几点：
（1）文章中反复出现的专有名词是全文描述对象的中心，没有唯一出处，所以不能算是定位词。我们如果发现大部分题干中都有这个专有名词的，就应该排除它作为定位词的可能。
（2）大多数时候我们选择的定位词都是名词，因为名词的可替代性相对较低，容易找到唯一出处。但是我们所找的名词要尽量是实体名词，也就是能指代一件具体事物的名词。一般来说，下面两类名词都不可取。
a. 抽象词。如pinin, idea, result, infrmatin, rle, effect, trend, thery等等。
b. 言语词。如statement, argument, cmment, respnse, reactin, enquiry, answer，reasn等等。
（3）并不是所有的我们在题干中找到的定位词在原文中都会对应出现，有些情况下，原文中出现的只是题干定位词的转换形式。在这种情况下，划出定位词并在脑中留下印象也有利于我们在浏览文章是迅速发现文中定位词的对应形式，从而找到题目答案的位置。
3.排除法
排除法是解答阅读理解题的另一个重要的方法。因为有的时候如果是给填空题让我们做，我们也许不能填出正确答案，但是如果给出四个选项让我们选的话，我们可以通过对比排除错误选项。那么怎样通过排除法做题呢
（1）正确选项的特征
正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。
（2）错误选项的特征
a．张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。
b.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。
c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。
d. 把已然说成未然（或把未然说成已然）：本来文中还没有发生的事在选项中变成了已经发生的事，或者反之。
e. 选项与原文事实相反：选项所叙述的内容与原文所提到的完全相反
知识强化
2
一、阅读单选
1
Thmas Edisn lit up the wrld with his inventin f the electric light. Withut him, the wrld might still be in the dark. Hwever, the electric light was nt his nly inventin. He als invented the mtin picture camera and 1200 ther things. Abut every tw weeks he created smething new.
Thmas Edisn was brn in 1847. He attended schl fr nly three mnths. His mther taught him at hme, but Thmas was mstly self-educated. He started experimenting at a yung age.
When he was 12 years ld, he gt his first jb. He became a newsby n a train. He did experiments n the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first wrk experience did nt end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire t the flr f the train. Then Edisn wrked fr five years as a telegraph peratr, but he cntinued t spend much f his time in experimenting his first patent (专利权) in 1868 fr a vte recrder run by electricity.
Thmas Edisn was ttally deaf in ne ear and hard f hearing in the ther, but he thught f his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept cnversatins shrt, s that he culd have mre time fr wrk. He always wrked 16 ut f every 24 hurs. Smetimes his wife had t remind him t sleep and eat.
Thmas Edisn died at the age f 84. He left a great many inventins that greatly imprved the quality f life all ver the wrld.
1. Hw ften did Edisn make a new inventin?
A. Abut every furteen days.B. Abut every seven days.
C. Abut nce a week.D. Abut twice a week.
2. The underlined wrd “fired” in the passage means “________”
A. Gave smebdy a jbB. Set fire t smebdy
C. Let smebdy dwnD. Frced smebdy t leave his jb
3. Edisn cnsidered his deafness as ________.
A. smething badB. a gift frm gd
C. a kind f abilityD. a disadvantage
4. Which f the fllwing sentence is NOT true accrding t the passage?
A. Edisn had nly 8 hurs rest each day after his deafness.
B. Edisn gt his educatin mstly by self-teaching.
C. Edisn had his first jb in 1869.
D. Edisn’s inventins greatly imprved the quality f peple’s life.
2
Sun bears(马来熊) are the smallest f the wrld’s eight bear species(物种). They have a black cat and a white r glden clur n their bdies. Their hmes are in the trpical frests(热带雨林) f Sutheast Asia. They live in trees and eat bth plants and animals. They can grw t be 1.4 meters in height and 65 kilgrams in weight. They usually live alne and are happy t spend mst f their time by themselves.
Scientists studied sun bears in the Brnean Sun Bear Cnservatin Centre. They fund that althugh sun bears mstly live alne, they have develped a surprising scial skill. They can cpy(模仿) ther sun bears’ facial expressins(面部表情) as a frm f cmmunicatin. They can even cpy exact muscular(肌肉的) mvements that ther sun bears make—such as making a face.
The ability t cpy facial expressins is fund in humans, grillas(大猩猩), sme mnkeys and sme ther animals. But until nw, nly humans and grillas have the ability t exactly cpy facial expressins. Hwever, scientists fund that sun bears can cpy facial expressins as well as humans and grillas. This surprised them because sun bears are alne and they have n clse relatinship with human beings.
Althugh they live alne in the wild, the sun bears in the study ften played gently with each ther. Smetimes they played with faster actins such as hitting and biting. Scientists are still nt sure what messages the sun bears were sending t ne anther.
5. Accrding t the passage, where d sun bears usually live?
A. In caves.B. In trees.C. By the river.D. On the ice.
6. Frm the passage, we can learn smething abut sun bears EXCEPT that ________.
A. they like t live alne in the wild and nly eat animals
B. they can cpy ther sun bears’ facial expressins fr cmmunicatin
C. they can cpy exact muscular mvements f ther sun bears
D. they have n clse relatinship with human beings
7. Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the passage?
A. A warm hme n the earth
B. A brave animal in the frest
C. A new friend f human beings
D. A surprising scial skill f sun bears
3
“Life is speeding up. Everyne is getting unwell.”
This may sund like smething smene wuld say tday. But in fact, an unknwn persn wh lived in Rme in AD（公元） 53 wrte it.
We all lve new inventins. They are exciting, amazing and can even change ur lives. But have all these develpments really imprved the quality f ur lives?
Picture this. Yu’re rushing t finish yur hmewrk n the cmputer. Yur mbile phne rings, a QQ message frm yur friend appears n the screen, the nise frm the televisin is getting luder and luder. Suddenly the cmputer ges blank and yu lse all yur wrk. Nw yu have t stay up all night t get it dne. Hw happy d yu feel?
Inventins have speeded up ur lives s much that they ften leave up feeling stressed and tired. Why d yu think peple wh live far away frm nisy cities, wh have n telephnes, n cars, nt even any electricity ften seem t be happier? Perhaps because they live simpler lives.
One family in the UK went “back in time” t see what life was like withut all the inventins we have tday. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsns Benjamin, 10 and Thmas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s huse. They had n washing machine, micrwave（微波炉）, cmputer r mbile phnes.
The grandmther, Lyn, said, “The mre things yu have, the mre difficult life becmes.” The bys said they fught less. Prbably, they said, because there was less t fight ver, such as their cmputer. Benjamin als nticed that his grandmther had changed frm being a “trendy（赶时髦的）, beer-drinking granny”, t ne wh cked things.
8. In the passage the writer describes a picture t shw that new inventins ________.
A. have speeded up ur livesB. have imprved the quality f ur lives
C. may make peple feel very happyD. may bring peple sme truble
9. The family chse t spend sme time in a 1940s huse because ________.
A. they lved t live simple lives
B. they wanted t knw hw peple lived withut mdern inventins
C. they were trubled by mdern inventins
D. living in a different time wuld be a lt f fun fr them
10. Accrding t the passage, which is NOT right?
A. Peple wh live far away frm nisy cities ften seem t be happier.
B. An unknwn Rman was sure that the quality f life wuld get better.
C. The family had sme changes when they lived in a 1940s huse.
D. With the imprvement f ur lives, we ften feel stressed and tired.
4
Have yu seen Avatar (《阿凡达》)? It’s a ppular 3D mvie, and yu may have t wear 3D glasses t see it. The 3D glasses make the images (图像) frm the mvie lk as if they were cming straight twards yu.
Mre and mre 3D mvies are cming t theaters. Sme say that 3D TV sets will cme int ur hmes in the near future. 3D technlgy can make TV and mvies mre exciting. Hwever, peple with eye prblems may get headaches if they spend t much time watching 3D mvies. Why?
When we lk at an bject (物体), each eye sees it at a different angle (角度). Our eyes send the tw images t ur brain (大脑), and the brain puts them tgether. 3D technlgy uses tw film prjectrs (投影机). One prjects a left-eye-image and the ther prjects a right-eye-image. 3D glasses allw us t see a different image in each eye. S, when we are watching a 3D mvie, ur brain can’t put tgether the images sent t ur eyes. The brain needs t wrk harder at “reading” the images. That makes it easier fr peple with eye prblems t get dizzy (头晕的) r have headaches. A famus eye dctr said if yur eyes can’t fcus (聚焦) n the same bject at nce, yu will have truble watching 3D mvies.
11. The 3D glasses can make the images frm the mvie ________.
A. lk mre beautiful than usualB. lk as if they were cming straight twards yu
C. lk as if they were far away frm yuD. lk mre clear than usual
12. Peple will have ______ in their hmes in the near future.
A. 3D cmputersB. 3D phnesC. 3D mviesD. 3D TV sets
13. When we lk at an bject, ________.
A. each eye sees the bject at the same angle
B. ur brain puts the tw different pictures tgether
C. there will be tw film prjectrs in ur eyes
D. ur brain can’t put tgether the images sent t ur eyes
5
Everyne has gt tw persnalities (性格) —the ne that is shwn t the wrld and the ther that is secret and real. Yu dn’t shw yur secret persnality when yu’re awake because yu can cntrl yur behavir, but when yu’re asleep, yur sleeping psitin shws the real yu. At night, f curse, peple frequently change their psitins. The imprtant psitin is the ne that yu g t sleep in (入睡).
If yu g t sleep n yur back, yu’re a very pen persn. Yu nrmally trust peple and yu are easily influenced by new ideas. Yu dn’t like t displease peple, s yu never express yur real feelings. Yu’re quite shy and yu aren’t quite sure f yurself.
If yu sleep n yur stmach, yu are a rather secretive persn. Yu wrry a lt and yu’re always easily upset. Yu always stick t yur wn pinins, but yu dn’t raise yur hpes t much. Yu usually live fr tday nt fr tmrrw. This means that yu enjy having a gd time.
If yu curl up (蜷缩) when sleeping, yu are prbably a very nervus persn. Yu have a lw pinin f yurself and s yu’re ften defensive. Yu’re shy and yu dn’t nrmally like meeting peple. Yu prefer t be n yur wn. Yu’re easily hurt.
If yu sleep n yur side, yu have usually gt a well-balanced persnality. Yu knw yur strengths and weaknesses. Yu’re usually careful. Yu believe in yurself. Yu smetimes feel anxius, but yu dn’t ften get sad. Yu always say what yu think even if it makes ther peple rather angry.
14. Yu may find the passage in ________.
A. a science magazineB. a guidebk
C. a sprts newspaperD. a strybk
15. When des the sleeping psitin best shw yur secret persnality?
A. In the daytime.B. At the beginning f sleep.
C. At night.D. During the deep sleep.
16. Tina hardly tells her secrets t her friends. She prbably ges t sleep ________.
A. curled upB. n her stmach
C. n her backD. n her side
17. What des the underlined wrd “defensive” mean in the passage?
A. 易怒的B. 攻击性的C. 外向的D. 有戒心的
18. What des the passage tell us?
A. Sleeping n yur side is the best way f sleeping.
B. Changing psitins will cause sleeping prblems.
C. Sleeping psitins shw peple’s secret persnalities.
D. Enugh sleep makes peple lk better and healthier.
6
Eurpean researchers say they have created a prcess that can prduce xygen frm mn dust. The prcess culd prvide a majr surce f xygen fr humans taking part in mn explratin activities in the future. Researchers frm the Eurpean Space Agency（ESA）carried ut the experiments and reprted their results in a study.
The team says ESA’s experimental “plant” was able t successfully prduce xygen frm simulated mn dust. The dust is part f a material knwn as reglith, which hlds abut 45 percent xygen. Hwever, the xygen’s frm is very strange, s it is hard t prduce.
ESA’s lng -term gal is t design an xygen -prducing “pilt plant” t wrk fulltime n the mn. Beth Lmax f the University f Glasgw was a lead researcher n the prject. “Being able t get xygen frm resurces fund n the mn wuld certainly be hugely useful fr future lunar settlers,” she said.
The researchers reprted that the prcess als prduced sme usable metal materials. ESA researcher Alexandre said the finding that a number f metals are left behind was an imprtant discvery.
ESA and the U. S. space agency NASA are bth wrking n plans t return human beings t the mn. NASA has set a gal fr 2024, with the aim t keep humans n the mn fr lng perids.
19. Hw will the prcess d gd t humans accrding t the study?A. By creating warm air fr researchers n the mn.
B. By prviding rcks fr the prductin f minerals.
C. By testing the weight f the xygen in the mn dust.
D. By ffering xygen fr peple ding sme research n the mn.
20. What makes xygen difficult t prduce during the ESA’s experiment?
A. The quality is pr.B. The size is small.
C. The frm is uncmmn.D. The weight is heavy.
21. Why des the authr mentin Beth Lmax’s wrds in the third paragraph?
A. T shw the histry f ESA’s pilt plant.
B. T shw the imprtance f ESA’s study.
C. T tell the plan f ESA’s research.
D. T present the prcess f ESA’s experiment.
22. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. ESA has discvered new materials n the mn.
B. ESA and NASA plan t land man n the mn again.
C. NASA will send mre astrnauts t the mn in 2024.
D. NASA and ESA will make a study tgether n the mn.
23. Where is the text mst prbably frm?
A. A mvie pster.B. A picture bk.
C. A travel guide.D. A science magazine.
7
Aren’t mbile phne, e-mail and vice mail suppsed t help us cmmunicate mre easily? Sadly, that’s nt always the case. Take the ther day fr example: when I was walking thrugh the park with my friend, suddenly his mbile phne rang and he answered it—leaving me alne and cutting ur cnversatin dead! In fact, the park was filled with peple talking n their mbile phnes. They were passing ther peple withut even lking at them, r stpping t walk their dgs. Clearly, peple can use mbile phnes everywhere, but they ignre the peple arund.
Why is it that the mre cnnected we get, the mre discnnected I feel? New cmmunicatin technlgy seems t keep away frm each ther. With e-mail ver the Internet, we can cmmunicate withut seeing r talking t ne anther. With WeChat r QQ, yu can have cnversatins withut even meeting that persn. Even sme fd stres are using self-scanners s that yu can check yurself ut. As the cntact between human beings becmes autmated, my feeling f being discnnected gets strnger. Dn’t get me wrng. I’m nt against machines. I als wn a mbile phne, a QQ, a WeChat and an e-mail accunt. Giving them up isn’t a gd idea, as they are useful t have arund. It’s just that when they keep us away frm human cntact, I begin t feel sad. Mrever, I find myself answering e-mail instead f talking t peple. The technlgy that was made t help keep us in cntact with each ther is, in fact, making me feel mre lnely.
What is t be dne? Well, try t use less technlgy: n e-mailing peple wh live nearby, and n letting QQ and WeChat catch yu all the time.
24. The purpse f the example in Paragraph 1 is t shw that ________.
A. mbile phnes bring a lt f cnvenience t peple
B. mbile phnes result in ignring the thers arund
C. peple cmmunicate mre easily with mbile phnes
D. peple are gd at using mbile phnes in their daily life
25. The underlined wrd “discnnected” in Paragraph 2 prbably means “________”.
A. lnelyB. satisfiedC. stupidD. interested
26. It can be inferred frm Passage 2 that ________.
A. technlgy keeps peple busier than befre
B. technlgy is always useful t have arund
C. the writer is ging t give up the mbile phne
D. the writer wuld like t cntact peple face t face
27. Which is the best title f the passage?
A. Technlgy and Human LifeB. The Imprtance f Technlgy
C. Technlgy and Human CntactD. The Develpment f Technlgy
8
Wrd Banker English-Chinese is a kind f sftware（软件）which allws users t practice their Chinese vcabulary in several different ways. Althugh the prgram isn’t the mst cnvenient ne yu’ve ever used, it can help imprve yur Chinese vcabulary.
The prgram’s interface（界面）isn’t very attractive s many peple dn’t like it when they first see it. Als, it can smetimes be hard t perate（操作）. Each functin（功能）hlds a windw, but if yu clse the windw, it will take yu back t the main menu r clse the prgram. But if yu cntinue using the prgram, yu will find there are several useful exercises in it. Users can read a wrd r phrase（词组）in English and then click（点击）n the matching wrd in Chinese, hear the Chinese wrd spken and chse the matching English wrd, r see the English wrd written and then type（打字）the Chinese wrd. The prgram allws users t practice nt nly their vcabulary, but als their reading, listening and spelling skills. Once users knw a wrd, they can save it s that it stps appearing in the exercises. The prgram als allws users t practice vcabulary by seeing the English and Chinese wrds and hearing the Chinese spken. The “Help” prvides gd instructins fr users t use. Nthing is perfect. Wrd Banker English-Chinese has many advantages and certain disadvantages as well. We can use it accrding t ur needs.
28. Wh will be interested in Wrd Banker English-Chinese?
A. Native English speakers wh want t learn Chinese.
B. Native English speakers wh want t imprve their English.
C. Native Chinese speakers wh want t imprve their Chinese.
D. Native Chinese speakers wh want t learn English.
29. Which is a disadvantage f the prgram?
A. It’s hard t use smetimes.
B. Users can nly practice vcabulary and reading.
C. There are few useful exercises fr users t practice.
D. There are n instructins in the prgram.
30. The underlined wrd “attractive” means “________” in Chinese.
A. 吸引人的B. 流行的C. 干净的D. 便宜的
31. What’s the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
A. Hw t learn English.B. What Wrd Banker English-Chinese is
C. Hw t learn Chinese.D. What we can get frm the prgram
32. The purpse f the article is t ________.
A. intrduce a sftwareB. stp peple frm using a sftware
C. ask users fr helpD. annunce the clse f a prgram
参考答案
1
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C
【详解】本文是一篇人物小传，介绍了爱迪生的简单生平和发明成就。
1. 细节理解题。根据“Abut every tw weeks he created smething new”，可知两周是14天，故选A。
2. 词义猜测题。根据下文“Then Edisn wrked fr five years as a telegraph peratr”，可知他被解雇了；Frced smebdy t leave his jb“强迫某人离职”符合题意，故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据“but he thught f his deafness as a blessing in many ways”，可知爱迪生把自己的耳聋看作是好事，所以a gift frm gd（上帝的礼物）符合文意，故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据“Thmas Edisn was brn in 1847…When he was 12 years ld, he gt his first jb”，可知1847+12=1859，爱迪生在1859年有了第一份工作；Edisn had his first jb in 1869“爱迪生在1869年找到了他的第一份工作”说法错误，故选C。
2
【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D
【详解】马来熊是世界上八个熊种之中最小的。他们独居，却有很好的社交能力。而且马来熊还可以模仿表情，这是科学家也疑惑的。
5. 细节理解题。根据“They live in trees and eat bth plants and animals.”可知马来熊生活在树上。故选B。
6. 细节理解题。通读文章第二、三两段可知，它们能够模仿其他马来熊的脸部表情进行交流和能模仿其它马来熊的肌肉运动，它们与人类没有密切的关系，所以B、C和D在短文中都涉及到了。根据第一段第四句“They live in trees and eat bth plants and animals.”可知，选项A是错误的。故选A。
7. 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了生活在东南亚热带雨林中的马来熊。根据“They fund that althugh sun bears mstly live alne, they have develped a surprising scial skill.”可知，虽然马来熊大多独居，但它们已经发展出一种令人惊讶的社交技能。接着文章介绍了马来熊通过脸部表情进行交流的能力。故选D。
3
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B
【详解】短文中作者主要想告诉我们随着现代科学技术的发展，我们的生活中有了很多新的发明，但是这些新发明让人们感到压力和疲惫。作者开头引用了一个不知名的罗马人所说的话，点明了短文的中心，即科学技术的发展给人们带来的问题。
8. 推理判断题。根据“Picture this…Nw yu have t stay up all night t get it dne. Hw happy d yu feel?”可知，这一段中作者给我们描述了一个画面，画面中的我们在一系列的现代发明面前，生活没有变得更加舒适，反而是一塌糊涂。故选D。
9. 细节理解题。根据“Inventins have speeded up ur lives s much that they ften leave up feeling stressed and tired…One family in the UK went “back in time” t see what life was like withut all the inventins we have tday.”可知，英国的一个家庭想要回到过去的时间，去看看过去在没有所有这些新发明之前，人们的生活是怎样的。故选B。
10. 推理判断题。根据短文的开头“Life is speeding up. Everyne is getting unwell.”可知，一位不知名的罗马人确信生活质量会变得更好的表述是错误的，故选B。
4
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. B
【详解】文中介绍了3D技术在生活中的使用及其工作原理。
11. 细节理解题。根据“The 3D glasses make the images frm the mvie lk as if they were cming straight twards yu.”可知3D眼镜能让电影中的图像看起来像直接向你奔来。故选B。
12. 细节理解题。根据“Sme say 3D TV sets will cme int ur hmes in the near future.”可知3D电视不久将出现在我们的家中。故选D。
13. 细节理解题。根据“When we lk at an bject (物体), each eye sees it at a different angle (角度). Our eyes send the tw images t ur brain (大脑), and the brain puts them tgether.”可知，当我们看一个物体时，每只眼睛会从不同的角度看到它。我们的眼睛将这两幅图像发送到大脑，然后大脑将它们组合在一起。故选B。
5
【答案】14. A 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. C
【详解】每个人都有双重性格——一种是向外界展示的性格，另一种是真实却深藏不露的性格。在你清醒的时候，你不会表露出你秘密的个性，因为你能控制自己的行为；可在你入睡的时候，你睡觉的姿势会展示真实的你。不同的睡姿代表什么样的性格呢？短文中进行了详细的介绍。
14. 推理判断题。根据文意和短文开头“Everyne has gt tw persnalities (性格) —the ne that is shwn t the wrld and the ther that is secret and real. Yu dn’t shw yur secret persnality when yu’re awake because yu can cntrl yur behavir, but when yu’re asleep, yur sleeping psitin shws the real yu.”可知，这篇短文介绍了不同的睡姿所代表的性格，这样的文章应该可以在科学杂志上看到。故选A。
15. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At night, f curse, peple frequently change their psitins. The imprtant psitin is the ne that yu g t sleep in”可知，重要的是你入睡时的姿势。故选B。
16. 细节理解题。根据第三段“If yu sleep n yur stmach, yu are a rather secretive persn.”可知，俯卧而睡的人比较含蓄，不外露自己的情感。故选B。
17. 词义猜测题。根据语境“If yu sleep n yur stmach, yu are a rather secretive persn. Yu’re shy and yu dn’t nrmally like meeting peple. Yu prefer t be n yur wn. Yu’re easily hurt.”可知，蜷缩着睡觉的人对自己的评价很低，比较害羞，不喜欢与人交往，更喜欢独处，容易受伤。因此D选项“有戒心的”符合这一语境。故选D。
18. 主旨大意题。根据文意和短文第一段“when yu’re asleep, yur sleeping psitin shws the real yu”可知，这篇文章介绍了睡觉姿势代表的性格。故选C。
6
【答案】19. D 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. D
【详解】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是研究人员报告称他们已经成功地从月球尘埃中提取出氧气。这项工程对于未来的月球定居者来说是非常有用的。
19. 细节题解题。根据第一段第二句“The prcess culd prvide a majr surce f xygen fr humans taking part in mn explratin activities in the future”可知，这一过程可能为未来参与月球探测活动的人类提供主要的氧气来源。由此说明这个制作方法能够为参与月球探索的人员提供氧气，这就是它带给人类的好处。故选D。
20. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Hwever, the xygen’s frm is very strange, s it is hard t prduce.”可知，氧气的形式很奇怪，所以很难生产。故选C。
21. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“’Being able t get xygen frm resurces fund n the mn wuld certainly be hugely useful fr future lunar settlers,’ she said.”她说：“能够从月球上发现的资源中获取氧气肯定对未来的月球居民非常有用。”由此说明了这项研究的重要性。故选B。
22. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“ESA and the U. S. space agency NASA are bth wrking n plans t return human beings t the mn.”可知，欧洲航天局和美国宇航局都在制定计划，让人类重返月球。故选B。
23. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是研究人员报告称他们已经成功地从月球尘埃中提取出氧气。这项工程对于未来的月球定居者来说是非常有用的。由此推断这篇文章有可能出自《科学》杂志，符合逻辑。故选D。
7
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C
【详解】短文关注的是技术对人类生活的影响，描述了在现代化的时代背景下，人与人的交流更多的是不用面对面，只是手机，语音邮件等就可以了，少了很多人与人面对面的交流，多了些冷漠。建议尽量少用科技，多做面对面的交流。
24. 细节理解题。根据“They were passing ther peple withut even lking at them, r stpping t walk their dgs. Clearly, peple can use mbile phnes everywhere, but they ignre the peple arund.”可知，本段主要是说人们使用手机而忽略了周围的人们，故选B。
25. 词义猜测题。根据下文“New cmmunicatin technlgy seems t keep away frm each ther.”新的通讯技术似乎使人们彼此疏远，联系段尾“The technlgy that was made t help keep us in cntact with each ther is, in fact, making me feel mre lnely.”帮助我们保持联系的技术实际上让我感到更加孤独，可知划线词语“discnnected”与lnely意思相近，故选A。
26. 推理判断题。根据“Dn’t get me wrng. I’m nt against machines.”和“It’s just that when they keep us away frm human cntact, I begin t feel sad.”可知，作者为新的通讯技术似乎使人们彼此疏远而悲哀，他想人们之间应面对面的交流，故选D。
27. 最佳标题题。根据“Well, try t use less technlgy: n e-mailing peple wh live nearby, and n letting QQ and WeChat catch yu all the time.”以及整个文章的理解可知，短文主要描述了在现代化的时代背景下，人与人的交流更多的是不用面对面，只用手机、语音邮件等就可以了，少了很多人与人面对面的交流，多了些冷漠，所以C选项“科技与人际交往”符合，故选C。
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【答案】28. A 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. A
【详解】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款有关英汉词典的软件。
28. 推理判断题。根据文中“it can help imprve yur Chinese vcabulary”可推理出，它适合想要学汉语的人，即母语为英语并且想学汉语的人。故选A。
29. 细节理解题。根据文中“it can smetimes be hard t perate（操作）”可知，这个软件的缺点是有时候很难用。故选A。
30. 词句猜测题。根据后句“s many peple dn’t like it when they first see it”可知，很多人第一次看的时候都不喜欢，所以下划线单词“attractive”的汉语意思应是“吸引人的”。故选A。
31. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“But if yu cntinue using the prgram, yu will find there are several useful exercises in it.”可知，本段主要讲了我们能从这个软件中得到什么。故选D。
32. 主旨大意题。根据文中“Wrd Banker English-Chinese is a kind f sftware（软件）which allws users t practice their Chinese vcabulary in several different ways.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一款软件。故选A。
Wrd Bank
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