高中英语高考祈使句知识讲解
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高考英语祈使句知识讲解一、如何引用祈使句祈使句如要引用,多使用一个不定式,前面的谓语形式根据语气决定。如:“Wake him up,” she said.→She told me to wake him up.“See a neurologist,” the doctor said.→The doctor advised me to see a neurologist.“Stay where you are and don’t move,” commanded the sergeant.→The sergeant commanded the man to stay where he was and not to move.“Carry the trunk upstairs,” Mr. Brown said.→Mr. Brown ordered the men to carry the trunk upstairs.能跟这种结构的动词有:
advise ask beg command forbid instruct invite orderpersuade remind teach tell urge warn
二、祈使句如何变为否定句一、一般情况一般说来,祈使句的否定是在祈使句首加Don’t。如:(1) Come here. —Don’t come here. 不要来这儿。(2) Be angry. —Don’t be angry. 不要生气二、let型当祈使句表示邀请或建议(Let’s…) 时,则在Let’s与 do之间加not。如:(1) Let’s talk about it. —Let’s not talk about it. 我们别谈论它吧。(2) Let’s go swimming there. —Let’s not go swimming there. 我们别去那里游泳吧。三、无动词型无动词祈使句的否定:在无动词祈使句的句首加not。如:(1) Here? — Not here. 不是这里。(2) Green?—Not green. 不是绿色的。(3) This one? — Not this one. 不是这个。 三、祈使句如何变为反意疑问句一、基本原则若陈述部分为祈使句,反意问句通常用will you, won't you, would you等。如:Mail the letter today, will you? 今天就把信发掉,好吗?Try to be back by two, won't you? 设法两点之前回来,好吗?注:若陈述部分为否定式,则反意问句部分只用will you。如:Don't forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。有时根据语境的需要,反意问句也可以用can you, can't you 等:Give me some cigarettes, can you? 给我些香烟,可以吗?Walk faster, can't you? 走快点,不行吗?二、let型1. 当祈使句为Let's…时:反意问句总是用 shall we。如:Let's phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给她打电话,好吗?Let's go to the cinema tonight, shall we? 今晚咱们去看电影,好吗?2. 当祈使句为Let us…时:若表示请求,反意问句用will you;若表示表示建议,则用 shall we。如:Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们,好吗?Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?注:let's…只表示建议,所以其后反意问句总是用shall we。而let us…既可表示建议请求,也可表示建议(较正式),其后的反意问句要根据这两种不同情况分别使用will you和shall we。四、没有动词的祈使句祈使句除用谓语动词表示外,还可用名词、形容词、副词等,如:
Help! 救人哟!Fire! 失火了!Patience! 要有耐心!Careful! 小心!Quickly! 快!Hands up! 举起手来!Good heavens! 天哪!
五、祈使句与感叹句一、祈使句1. 祈使句主要用于提出请求,发出邀请,给予指示、忠告或警告,也可发出命令等。2.祈使句的特点是:一般不出现主语(you),但有时为了指明向谁请求或命令,也可以说出主语;谓语动词一律用原形;否定式一律在动词前面加 don’t。如:Come this way, madam. 这边走,夫人。Don’t lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。Someone fetch a pail of water. 谁去打一桶水来。3. 有关祈使句最可能涉及的考点是:祈使句带主语以及“祈使句+and / then / or+陈述句”这一句型(祈使句表示条件)。另外,祈使句与反意疑问句一起考查也是高考一大特点。如:Let’s phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给她打电话,好吗?You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你们女孩子站在前排,好吗?Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam. 努力点,你会通过考试的。请做以下试题:(1) Jim, you go there to help him, _______?A. do you B. will you C. are you D. have you答案选B。句首的呼语 Jim 清楚地表明这一个祈使句,只是其前带了主语而已。(2) ________ me back my money, or I’ll ring the police.A. Giving B. Given C. Give D. To give答案选C。填空处为祈使句谓语,故用动词原形。二、感叹句感叹句的基本结构特点是:What+a / an+(adj.) 单数可数名词 (+主语+动词)!What +adj.+不可数名词或复数可数名词!How+adj. / adv.(+主语+动词)!How adj.+an +单数可数名词 (+主语+动词)!如:What a lovely day it is! 多好的天气!What a good heart you have! 你的心肠真好!What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣!How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明!How clever a boy he is! 他这孩子真聪明!注:以上基本结构也可能有变体。如:How nice of you to come! 你来了真好(from www.yygrammar.com)!What a joy to have you with us! 有你和我们在一起真令人高兴!What a mistake it is to have come! 来这里是个多大的错误呀! 六、对特定的人使用的祈使句祈使句如Wait here! (在这儿等着!) 可以是对一个人说,也可以是对几个人说,其主语暗含you。但我们却可以用下列方式引起我们说话的对象的注意:■You+祈使语气动词You wait here for a moment. 你在这儿等一会儿。语调和重音很重要。在上面这一句里,如果不重读you, 那么句子的意思是this is where you wait (这就是你应等着的地方);如果重读you, 那么句子的意思就是this is what I want you to do (这是我要你做的事)。此外,重读you时还可以表示愤怒、敌意或不客气。如:You mind your own business! 不关你什么事!You try teaching 40 noisy children five days a week! 你来试试每周5天教40个吵闹的孩子!在否定句中Don’t要重读 (不重读you)。如:Don’t you speak to me like that! 你别这样跟我讲话!■“you+人名”或“人名+you”You wait here, Jim, and Mary, you wait there. 你等在这儿,吉姆;玛丽,你等在那儿。■“祈使语气+人名”或“人名+祈使语气”:Drink up your milk, Sally! 把你的牛奶喝光,萨利!Sally, drink up your milk! 萨利,把你的牛奶喝光!■祈使语气+反身代词Enjoy yourself. 你好好享受吧。Behave yourself. 你放规矩点。■对一群人讲话时,祈使语气可与everybody, someone之类的词连用:Everyone keep quiet! 大家安静!Keep still everybody! 每个人都保持不动!Nobody say a word! 都不许说话!Somebody answer the phone please. 请来个人接电话。■在表示否定的命令语气后面可用带any的复合词Don’t say a word anybody! 谁都不要说话!Don’t anybody say a word! 任何人都不许说话! 七、用复合不定代词作主语的祈使句■当要对一群人讲话时,祈使语气可与everybody, someone之类的词连用。如:Nobody move. 谁都别动。Nobody say a word! 都不许说话!Someone fetch a pail of water. 谁去打一桶水来。Somebody answer the phone please. 请来个人接电话。Someone go and see who it is. 谁去看看是什么人来了。Don’t anybody get out of here. 大家都别出去!Everyone keep quiet! 大家安静!Everybody sit down and let’s have a drink. 大家坐下来喝一杯吧!Mary, come here — everybody else stay where you are. 玛丽到这里来,其他人都留在原地。■在表示否定的命令语气后面可用带any的复合词:Don’t say a word anybody! 谁都不要说话!Don’t anybody say a word! 任何人都不许说话!