Unit 6 Earth first Period 2 Using Language 课件+练习（原卷＋解析）

2021-2022学年上学期高一英语同步精品课堂(外研版新教材必修第二册)

Unit 6  Period 2  Using Language 同步课时练习 解析版

一、单句语法填空

1. Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could _____ helping the poor people in the flooded area.

【答案】to

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：王先生决心尽他所能帮助灾区的穷人。分析句式可知，动词devote后接的宾语为all，all又为先行词，后又包含一个定语从句：he could (do)。devote…to：将……奉献给……，其中to 为介词，后面应接定名词。故填介词to。

2. ________(devote) to her own work, she spent little time with her family.

【答案】Devoted

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她一心扑在自己的工作上，很少和家人在一起。分析句式可知，设空处应用非谓语动词，与 to her own work构成状语；因为devote与主语she构成动宾关系（即she was devoted to her own work“全身心投入工作”）．所以用过去分词。故填Devoted。

3. I’m very grateful to my high school teachers, without whose______________ (devote) I wouldn’t have been made such rapid progress.

【答案】devotion

【解析】考查词性转换。句意：我非常感激我的高中老师，没有他们的付出，我就不会有如此快的进步。分析句式可知，without whose+n.引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代词whose在定语从句中代替先行词teachers在从句中作定语，意为“老师们的”，所以设空处应填名词，意为“奉献”。故填devotion。

4. It is the years we spent together at college that have a deep effect ________ my life.

【答案】on

【解析】考查固定短语。句意：正是我们一起在大学度过的时光，对我的人生有深远的影响。分析句子结构，去掉it is和该空，句子仍然完整，由此判断该句为强调句，the years we spent together at college为强调句中被强调的主语部分。原句的谓语部分为：“对……有影响”，即have an effect on，故填介词on。

5. This _____________(infect) is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes in some African countries.

【答案】infection

【解析】考查词性转换。句意：在一些非洲国家，这种感染是通过蚊子传染给人类的。分析句式可知，设空处应填名词，作主语，意为“感染”。故填infection。

6．Washing hands thoroughly is one of the effective ways to avoid ________________(infect) by virus.

【答案】being infected

【解析】考查非谓语。句意：彻底的洗手是一种有效的避免感染病毒的方法之一。avoid doing：避免做某事，be infected by：被…感染。故填动名词的被动形式being infected。

7. Anyone who are in possession of weapons without ____________(permit) are considered law breaking.

【答案】permission

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：凡是未经允许拥有武器的人都被认为是违法行为。分析句式可知，设空处应填名词，作介词without的宾语，且与without构成短语，意为“未经允许”。故填名词“允许”permission。

8. It is abnormal that the country has laws against ________ (cruel) to animals but none to protect children.

【答案】cruelty

【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这个国家有反对虐待动物的法律，却没有保护孩子们的法律，这太不正常了。设空处应填名词，作介词against的宾语，意为“虐待；残忍；不公”。故填cruelty。

9. In order to deliver a clear ______________ (present), I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail.

【答案】presentation

【解析】考查词性转换。句意：为了做一个清晰的演示，我慢慢地详细讲解了传统的泡茶程序。分析句式可知，设空处应填名词，意为“陈述；报告；说明”。故填presentation。

10. Weather ____________(permit) , we are going to set out tomorrow.

【答案】permitting

【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：天气允许的话，明天我们就出发。分析句式可知，Weather ____________(permit) , 表示“天气允许的话”，作状语，为独立主格结构作状语，相当于If weather permits；因为weather与permit之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词结构。故填permitting。

二、完成句子

1.  所有的食物供应快要用完了，研究人员不得不结束野生动物保护工程回家。(with, supply, run out)

_______________________________, the researchers had to put an end to the wildlife protection project and returned home.

【答案】With all the food supply running out

【解析】考查with的复合结构。run out：为不及物动词短语，某物用光耗尽：sth. run out。with +O.+doing：现在分词表示主动进行。故填With all the food supply running out。

2. 曾经濒临灭绝的藏羚羊正在新建的自然保护区内被保护。(protect，reserve)

Antelopes that were endangered once ________________________________________.

【答案】are being protected now in the newly-built reserve  

【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。设空部分为：正在被保护。分析句子结构，“that were endangered once ”为定语从句，主句缺少谓语动词，protect意为“保护”，是动词。根据时间状语now可知，此处使用现在进行时，主语Antelopes和protect是被动关系，需用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。“新建的”：new built。故填are being protected now in the newly-built reserve。

3．由于干旱，许多庄稼都需要浇水。(drought, need, water)

____________________________________________________________________________.

【答案】Because of drought, many crops need watering/ to be watered.

【解析】考查动词和介词短语。根据汉语意思及提示词可知，用because of+名词（介词短语作状语），谓语为need，主语是many crops，need doing sth是主动表被动，也可用need to be watered。故本句翻译为：Because of draught, many crops need watering/ to be watered.

4．政府已采取有效措施来控制房价上涨。（adopt）

The government_______________________________________________________________.

【答案】 has adopted effective measures to control the rising housing price.

【解析】考查名词、形容词、短语和时态。根据句意，表示“已采取”应用现在完成时；译为has adopted，表示“有效措施”短语为effective measures，measure为可数名词，在此应用复数形式作宾语；表示“来控制房价上涨”短语为to control the rising housing price，to do不定式表目的，rising意为“上升的”，housing price意为“房价”。故译为has adopted effective measures to control the rising housing price。

5. 在博物馆,游客不被允许拍照。(permit)

In the museum,_______________________________________________________________.

【答案】visitors are not permitted to take photos/ taking photos is not permitted

【解析】考查短语、非谓语动词、时态和语态。in the museum：在博物馆；permit sb. to do：允许某人做某事；permit doing sth.：允许做某事；故翻译为visitors are not permitted to take photos/ taking photos is not permitted。

三、阅读理解

  Plastic is nearly everywhere — in shoes, clothes, refrigerators and construction materials. But this highly useful material can have a major defect. Made from oil and slow to break down, conventional plastic is not environmentally friendly. Today, researchers discuss inventing what they say should be a safer, biodegradable (可生物降解的) alternative made from fish waste— heads, bones and skin— that would otherwise likely be thrown out.

If developed successfully, fish-oil-based plastic could help meet the considerable need for more sustainable plastic, says Francesca Kerton, the project’s investigator. Previously, others have developed new plastic using plant-based oils. However, this too comes with a disadvantage: the crops that produce these oils require land that could otherwise be used to grow food.

Leftover fish struck Kerton as a promising alternative. Salmon (鲑鱼) farming is a major industry for coastal Newfoundland, where her university is located. After the fish are processed, leftover parts are often thrown away. Kerton and her colleagues developed a process for turning this fish oil into a plastic-like material. But does the plastic smell fishy? “When we start the process with the fish oil a slight kind of fish smell, but as we go through the steps, that smell disappears,” Kerton says.

In other experiments, they have begun examining how quickly the new material would likely break down once its useful life is over. Kerton put pieces of it in water, and to speed up the degradation for some pieces, she added a chemical capable of breaking down fats like those in the fish oil. Under a microscope, she later saw microbial (微生物的）growth on all of the samples, even those that had been in plain water, an encouraging sign that the new material might biodegrade quickly, Kerton says.

Kerton now intends to study the material’s physical properties to see how it might in real-world applications, such as in packaging or fibers for clothing.

1．What does the underlined word “defect” in paragraph 1 mean?

A．Mistake. B．Burden. C．Difficulty. D．Disadvantage.

2．What is wrong with using plant-based oils to make plastic?

A．It causes damage to the soil. B．It needs a large amount of land.

C．It produces an unpleasant smell. D．It increases the price of cooking oils.

3．What do we know about this new plastic?

A．It can break down easily. B．It has a very short useful life.

C．It is hard to mix with plain water. D．It proved a good packaging material.

4．What is the text mainly about?

A．A living trend. B．A fishing method.

C．A scientific project. D．A biological phenomenon.

【语篇导读】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一个科学项目，这个项目研发了一种由鱼油制成的新型塑料，这种塑料更环保，更容易分解。

【答案及解析】

1．D词义猜测题。根据画线单词后句“Made from oil and slow to break down, conventional plastic is not environmentally friendly.”（传统塑料由石油制成，分解速度慢，不环保。）可知，下文介绍的是传统塑料的缺点，例如分解速度慢，不环保等，由此可知，上文“a major defect”指的是塑料有一个主要的缺点，“Disadvantage”意为“缺点”，能够代替画线单词在句中的意思。故选D项。

2．B细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Previously, others have developed new plastic using plant-based oils. However, this too comes with a disadvantage: the crops that produce these oils require land that could otherwise be used to grow food.”（以前，其他人已经用植物油开发了新的塑料。然而，这也带来了一个缺点：生产这些油的作物需要可以用来种植粮食的土地。）可知，用植物油制造塑料有一个缺点，那就是种植生产这些油的作物需要土地，而这些土地可能是用来种植粮食的土地，由此可知，使用植物油制造塑料的问题是它需要大量的土地。故选B项。

3．A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Under a microscope, she later saw microbial (微生物的）growth on all of the samples, even those that had been in plain water, an encouraging sign that the new material might biodegrade quickly, Kerton says.”（Kerton说，在显微镜下，她后来在所有样本上都看到了微生物的生长，甚至是那些在普通水中的样本，这是一个令人鼓舞的迹象，表明这种新材料可能会快速生物降解。）可知，这种新塑料即使是在普通的水中也可以快速生物降解，由此可知，这种新塑料很容易分解。故选A项。

4．C主旨大意题。通读文章，结合第一段关键句“Today, researchers discuss inventing what they say should be a safer, biodegradable (可生物降解的) alternative made from fish waste— heads, bones and skin— that would otherwise likely be thrown out.”（今天，研究人员讨论了如何发明一种更安全、可生物降解的替代品，这种替代品由鱼头、鱼骨和鱼皮制成，这些东西如果不被再次利用，很可能会被扔掉。）可知，文章主要介绍的是一个科学项目，这个项目主要是为了发明一种可替代传统的由石油制造的塑料，这种新型塑料由鱼油制成，更环保，更容易分解，“A scientific project.”意为“一个科学项目”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。

四、七选五

Hope for Solving Our Seas’ Problems

The world’ oceans, more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface, are filled with problems: Overfishing, warming and acidifying (酸化的) waters, plastic pollution, a loss of abundance and diversity.   1． But it's of great importance. To care about the ocean in the 21st century is to feel conflicted: despairing what's been lost, optimistic about what we can save. 

David Doubilet is a photographer who has already spent more than 27,000 hours underwater.   2． There is an image where Doubilet holds a photo he's made on the same reef, in the same spot, in 2009 — and what that reef looked like nine years later. The decline has been completely discouraging.

  3． He talks about places where the coral's still healthy and is even being used to develop new species of more resilient (可迅速恢复的) coral. And he believes his work documenting all of this — the good and the bad — can inform and inspire.

“The time in the sea has given me a priceless perspective,” he says. “I can make pictures that bear witness. Pictures have this power to educate. But he is careful not to show only pictures that make people feel bad —“  4．”

That’s the message of this issue:   5． As Doubilet puts it; “With hope, there's always the ability to change. Whether we choose to drive a hybrid car or not, whether we choose to turn down the temperature, whether we use sustainable energy. Above all, there is hope.”

A．We need pictures that also show hope and resilience.

B．There is reason for hope and a lot that each of us can do.

C．It was like a bunch of corals, and I went back to a boneyard.

D．He has photographed the story about the changes to coral reefs.

E.Yet Doubilet remains hopeful that we can turn a lot of this around.

F.Finding solutions, or even reasons for optimism, can seem a demanding task.

G.There you'll find ideas for addressing the problems and being part of the solutions.

【语篇导读】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一位水下摄影师通过拍摄水下珊瑚礁的照片，提出对于解决海洋问题，我们应充满希望。

【答案及解析】

1．F根据前文“The world’ oceans, more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface, are filled with problems: Overfishing, warming and acidifying (酸化的) waters, plastic pollution, a loss of abundance and diversity. (占地球表面70% 以上的海洋，充满了各种问题：过度捕捞，变暖和酸化的海水，塑料污染，丰富性和多样性的丧失)”讲述了海洋存在的问题，所以接下来可以阐述解决这些存在问题的方法。选项F.“Finding solutions, or even reasons for optimism, can seem a demanding task. (找到解决办法，甚至找到乐观的理由，似乎是一项艰巨的任务)”与前文逻辑一致，符合题意。故选F项。

2．D根据前文“David Doubilet is a photographer who has already spent more than 27,000 hours underwater. (David Doubilet是个摄影师，他已经在水下呆了超过27000小时)”及后文“There is an image where Doubilet holds a photo he's made on the same reef, in the same spot, in 2009.(有一张图片是Doubilet在2009年的同一个地点，在同一个珊瑚礁上拍摄的)”可知，David Doubilet 的职业摄影师，他拍摄了一张珊瑚礁的照片。所以空白处的内容应为他拍摄的主题是什么。选项D.“He has photographed the story about the changes to coral reefs.(他拍摄了珊瑚礁变化的故事)”与前后文的逻辑一致，符合题意，故选D项。

3．E根据第二段最后两句“There is an image where Doubilet holds a photo he's made on the same reef, in the same spot, in 2009 — and what that reef looked like nine years later. The decline has been completely discouraging.(有一张图片是Doubilet在2009年的同一个地点，在同一个珊瑚礁上拍摄的，这张照片是九年后那个珊瑚礁的样子。这种衰退完全令人沮丧)”可知，照片中的珊瑚礁和9年前的样子比较，可以看出珊瑚礁的衰退。空白后下文“And he believes his work documenting all of this — the good and the bad — can inform and inspire. (他相信他记录所有这一切的工作——好的和坏的——能够提供信息和启发)”可知，他认为他的记录会给我们提供信息和启发，来做出对珊瑚礁有利的措施。所以空白处应为承前启后的作用。应该讲述他对珊瑚礁的恢复是有信心的。选项E.“Yet Doubilet remains hopeful that we can turn a lot of this around.(但Doubilet仍然希望我们能扭转局面)”与文意相符，故选E项。

4．A根据前文“But he is careful not to show only pictures that make people feel bad(但他很细心，不只展示那些让人感觉不好的照片)”可知，接下来要讲述的为他的照片中还要继续展示好的一面。选项A.“We need pictures that also show hope and resilience. (我们需要同时展现希望和韧性的照片)”与文意相符，故选A项。

5．B根据下文“As Doubilet puts it; "With hope, there's always the ability to change. Whether we choose to drive a hybrid car or not, whether we choose to turn down the temperature, whether we use sustainable energy. Above all, there is hope.” (正如Doubilet所说，“有了希望，就总有能力改变。我们是否选择开混合动力车，是否选择降低温度，是否使用可持续能源。最重要的是希望。”)”讲述了对于我们的未来，充满希望是重要的，因为希望决定着我们能否改变。所以空白处应该讲述我们要充满希望的理由及我们可以做的事情。选项B.“There is reason for hope and a lot that each of us can do.(我们有理由充满希望，我们每个人都可以做很多事)”与文意一致，故选B项。

五、语法填空

A herd of wild Asian elephants in Southwest China's Yunnan Province has been away from its home, with its current direction of travel showing the animals have no   1．(intend) of returning.

They are now approaching the Chinese city of Kunming. So far, the animals   2．(cover) 500 km from their habitat in a nature reserve near the borders with Myanmar and Laos altogether. And they are now near   3． city of 6.6 million people. They have travelled along highways and through farms over the past few   4．(month). And their journey has been attracting the attention of the Chinese public.

Experts are now doing all they can   5． (keep) the elephants away from Kunming city. They are setting up barriers along the way,   6． (hope) to get them to go back towards the nature reserve. Besides, local villagers and government keep watch on the elephants closely to protect them   7． being hunted.

No one knows   8． the animals have walked so far away from their original habitat. One reason could be the lack (缺乏) of food supplies in their reserve,   9． may cause the elephants in Yunnan to go out for new homes. Another reason is that the number of the wild elephant population in this area has increased   10． (rapid) due to the local wildlife protection, from nearly 190 years ago to more than 300 today.

【语篇导读】

这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国西南部云南省的一群野生亚洲象离开了保护区，专家们现在正在尽一切努力使大象远离昆明市，他们在沿途设置障碍，希望能让它们回到自然保护区。

【答案及解析】

1．intention考查名词。句意：中国西南部云南省的一群野生亚洲象已经离开了它的家，从它目前的旅行方向来看，这些动物无意返回。空处需填名词作宾语。故填intention。

2．have covered考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，这些动物已经从它们的栖息地——缅甸和老挝边境附近的一个自然保护区——跋涉了500公里。根据时间状语“So far”可知，使用现在完成时，主语为the animals，助动词用have。故填have covered。

3．a考查冠词。句意：它们现在靠近一座660万人口的城市。city为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且city发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。

4．months考查名词。句意：在过去的几个月里，它们沿着高速公路，穿过农场。few修饰可数名词复数形式。故填months。

5．to keep考查非谓语动词。句意：专家们现在正在尽一切努力使大象远离昆明市。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语，故填to keep。

6．hoping考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在沿途设置障碍，希望能让它们回到自然保护区。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词are setting up，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，they和hope为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填hoping。

7．from考查介词。句意：此外，当地村民和政府密切关注大象，以保护它们不被猎杀。protect sb. from doing sth.为固定短语，意为“保护某人不受伤害”。故填from。

8．why考查宾语从句。句意：没有人知道为什么这些动物会远离它们原来的栖息地。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。故填why。

9．which考查定语从句。句意：原因之一可能是保护区的食物供应不足，这可能会导致云南的大象去寻找新的家园。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词reason，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。

10．rapidly考查副词。句意：另一个原因是，由于当地的野生动物保护，这一地区的野生大象数量迅速增加，从几年前的190头到今天的300多头。修饰动词has increased，需用副词作状语。故填rapidly。