中考总复习英语 语法专项复习—数词课件
展开数词作为中考的考查点,主要考查考生对数词的构成、表达方式和用法的掌握情况。题型以选择填空和词形变换为主,分值为1至2分。其中,基数词和序数词1至1000的读法和写法,用数字表示时刻、日期、班次、页数、分数和电话号码等常在试题中出现。
知识点 1 基数词的构成 记忆口诀:1至12特殊记,13至19加-teen,20至90用 -ty替;十位数后连字符“-”,百位数后and,千位数后分节号“”;百、千若是单数时,其前数字定具体;百、千复数加f,其前数字不具体。 注意: 当hundred,thusand,millin,billin 等数词前有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,词尾不加-s。 当表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等笼统数目时,则应该用“-s + f”构成短语。
知识点 2 序数词的构成 1. 第一、第二、第三分别为 first,secnd,third,其拼法与基数词完全不同,要熟记。 2. 第四至第十九大都是由相应的基数词加 –th 构成。 注意:fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth的拼法和读法需要特别记忆。 3. 十位整数的序数词是把相应的基数词词尾 –y 变为 –ie 再加 -th。 4. 第二十一至第九十九,十位整数用基数词,个位数用序数词,十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。 5. 百、千、百万、十亿的序数词分别在相应的基数词后加 -th。 6. 无论一个数目有多大,都是个位数用序数词。
知识点 3 数词的用法 1. 序数词前一般要加定冠词the、物主代词或所有格,修饰名词。 2. 序数词前加不定冠词 a/ an,表示“再一”“又一”的意思。 3. 编号可用基数词或序数词表示,序数词位于名词之前,并加定冠词,基数词位于名词之后。 房间号、公共汽车号、电话号码、页码均用基数词。 注意:英语中表示“几个半”的两种表达方法。 (1)“数词+ and a half +可数名词复数”。 (2)“数词+可数名词复数+ and a half”。
知识点 4 时刻表达法 1. 顺序法(与汉语相同),即先读整点数,再读分钟数,且都用基数词。 2. 倒序法。 (1)分钟数在半小时前(包括半小时),结构为“分钟+ past +点钟”。 (2)分钟数超过半小时,结构为“分钟+ t + 将要到达的点钟”。 3. 时间为整点时,用“整点时间+’clck”的结构,或省略’clck,直接用整点时间。 注意: (1)am 表示上午,pm 表示下午。 (2)am/ pm 不能和 mrning/ afternn 同时使用。
知识点 5 分数、小数、百分数表达法 1. 一般情况下,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时,分母用复数形式。 2. 小数用阿拉伯数字表示。小数点之前的数按基数词的读法读出,小数点后的数字则一一读出。 3. 百分数由“阿拉伯数字+% (percent)”构成。percent 没有复数形式。
知识点 6 年、月、日表达法 年份用基数词表示,一般先读前两位数,再读后两位数;月份的第一个字母要大写;表示日期用序数词或基数词皆可,但一般读成序数词。
知识点 7 年龄表达法 1. 用阿拉伯数字或单词表达年龄。 2. 表示“几十多岁”时用“in ne’s+整十的基数词复数形式”的结构。
知识点 8 年代表达法 用“in the +年代数(世纪百位进数+十位年代数)s”的结构表示。
知识点 9 由“基数词+连字符+名词+连字符+形容词”构成的形容词 在由“基数词+连字符+名词+连字符+形容词”构成的结构中,名词一般用单数形式。整个结构构成形容词,作其后的名词的定语。
·常见错误分析· 1. 基数词和序数词之间的转换混乱。特别是当 twelve 和 twenty 变为序数词时,常分别误写成 twelvfth 和 twentith。 2. “基数词+连字符+名词+连字符+形容词”这一结构的用法没掌握好,名词常误用复数形式。
一、单项选择1. Ann always gets up ______. A. at seven thirty B. at thirty seven C. seven thirty D. thirty seven2. Tmrrw we are ging t celebrate my dear grandpa’s ______ birthday. A. eighty B. eightieth C. eight D. eighth3. Because f the special situatin this year, abut ______ f the students in ur schl having classes n the Internet at hme. A. tw thirds; are B. tw third; is C. secnd thirds; are D. tw thirds; is
4. Amng all these bks, ______ f them are fr children t read. A. three fifth B. three fifths C. third fifth D. third five5. There are abut eight hundred students in the schl. ______ f them are girls. A. Tw fifth B. Secnd fifth C. Secnd five D. Tw fifths6. The wrds frm Page 1 t Page 3 are very clear. But the nes n the ______ page are nt. A. first B. tw C. three D. furth7. Abut ______ f the students dn’t like studying nline in my class, because they can’t discuss with their classmates. A. ne three B. ne thirds C. ne third D. ne threes
8. On my ______ birthday, my aunt gave me a nice dress as a present. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve9. Peng Min finally became the winner f ______ seasn f CCTV’s “Chinese Petry Cnference”. A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. fifths10. My father jined the army in ______ when he was in ______. A. 1960s; twenties B. the 1960s; his twentieth C. 1960; his twenties D. 1960s; the twenties11. We all knw that ______ birds fly t Dngting Lake in winter. A. millin B. millins C. millins f D. millin f
12. Teachers’ Day is in September, the ______ mnth f the year. A. nine B. ninth C. ten D. tenth13. —I like the number “9” best, because I think it stands fr “lng lasting”. —Me t. S I chse ______ flr t live n. A. nine B. ninth C. the nine D. the ninth14. Every year, ______ bks are given away t the pr children in the cuntryside. A. thusand B. thusands f C. thusands D. thusand f15. Nwadays, peple like HW phnes better, and abut ______ f them are adults. A. the number f; fur-fifths B. a number f; fur-fifth C. a number f; fur-fifths D. the number f; fur-five
16. ______ vlunteers will be needed fr the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. A. Tw thusand f B. Tw thusands f C. Thusand f D. Thusands f17. The number 23,456 can be read as “______”. A. twenty-three thusand, fur hundred and fifty-six B. twenty-three thusand and fur hundred fifty-six C. tw three thusand and fur five six D. tw three thusand, fur and five six
18. —Which mnth f the year d yu like best? —July, the ______ mnth, because summer vacatin begins in this mnth. A. seven B. six C. seventh D. sixth19. Our schl is 70 years ld this year. We will celebrate her ______ birthday n December 16th. A. the seventieth B. seventieth C. the seventy D. seventy20. —Is Dngjin High-speed Railway Statin the ______ largest in Hubei Prvince? —Yes, f curse. It’s just a little smaller than the largest ne in Wuhan. A. first B. secnd C. third D. furth
二、词形变换根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1. This is the ________(three) nvel I have read this mnth. 2. Tday we begin t learn the ________(eight) lessn. It is abut delicius fd.3. Culd yu pass me the ________(fur) bk frm the right n the shelf?4. May is the ________(five) mnth f a year. 5. T my surprise, my uncle gt his driving licence in his ________(fifty).
In ur city, ______ middle schl students want t wrk as a teacher in thefuture.A. thusand B. thusand fC. thusands f D. tw thusand f
分析与解答 此题考查基数词中概数的表达法。thusands f表约数概念,此时不能和具体数字连用。
知识点 1 基数词的构成
小试牛刀1. It is ver ______ years since ur Party was funded in 1921. A. seventy B. eighty C. ninety D. ne hundred2. It’s reprted that there are mre than 300 ______ smkers in China, nearly a third f all the smkers in the wrld. A. millin B. millins C. millin f D. millins f
Qinghai-Tibet Railway(青藏铁路)was cmpleted last year. It is the ______ railway that cnnects Tibet with the ther parts f China.A. first B. secnd C. third D. furth
分析与解答 此题考查序数词的用法。first意为“第一”;secnd意为“第二”;third意为“第三”;furth意为“第四”。句意:青藏铁路是我国第一条将西藏与其他地区连接起来的铁路干线。根据常识可知答案选A。
知识点 2 序数词的构成
小试牛刀1. September is ______ mnth f the year. A. nine B. ninth C. the-ninth D. the ninth2. My grandparents live in an ld apartment with ______ flrs and they are n the ______ flr. A. fifth; three B. fifth; third C. five; three D. five; third
Miss Ga lives in ______.A. Rm 603 B. the 603 Rm C. 603 Rm D. the Rm 603
分析与解答 此题考查数词的基本用法。房间号可用基数词位于名词之后表示。
知识点 3 数词的用法
小试牛刀1. —Excuse me, Sir. Here’s a package fr Lin Ta. Which rm des he live in? —______ A. 308 Rm. B. Rm 308. C. The Rm 308. D. The 308 Rm.
2. —What shuld we d nw, Mr Clark? —Please turn t Page ______ and lk at the ______ picture. A. Twelve; fifth B. Twelfth; fifth C. Twelve; five D. Twelfth; five
Fifteen t fur is ______.A. 3:15 B. 3:45 C. 4:15 D. 5:15
分析与解答 此题考查时刻的表达法。fifteen t fur 就是差15分钟到4点,即 3:45。
知识点 4 时刻表达法
小试牛刀1. —What time is it? —It’s ______. A. frty-five past fur B. fur past frty-five C. frty-five fur D. fifteen t six2. —Hw d yu say “1:57” in English? —It’s ______. A. three past tw B. fifty-seven past ne C. three t tw D. three t ne
Abut ______ f the students in ur schl are bys.A. third fifths B. three fifthsC. three fifth D. third five
分析与解答 此题考查分数的表达。在英语中表示分数的方式为“分子用基数词,分母用序数词”,如果分子大于1,则分母用复数形式。
知识点 5 分数、小数、百分数表达法
小试牛刀1. ______ f the strybks n the shelf are interesting. A. Tw-thirds B. Secnd-thirds C. Tw-third D. Secnd-third2. ______ f the land in that twn ______ cvered with trees and grass. A. Tw fifth; is B. Tw fifth; are C. Tw fifths; is D. Tw fifths; are
—What’s the date tday?—It’s June ______, 2020.A. the fifteen B. the nineteenthC. eighteen D. eighth
分析与解答 此题考查日期的读法。具体日期用“the+序数词”。
知识点 6 年、月、日表达法
小试牛刀My birthday is n December ______.A. five B. the fifthC. fifth D. the five
Tm’s mum lks yung and beautiful. It’s hard t imagine she is already in her .A. frties B. frtyC. the frty D. frtieth
分析与解答 此题考查数词中年龄段的表达法。句意:汤姆的妈妈看起来年轻、漂亮。很难想象她已经四十多岁了。“几十多岁”用“in ne’s +表示整十的基数词复数”的结构。
知识点 7 年龄表达法
小试牛刀1. In his ______, Wilsn returned t his hme twn and began t teach. A. thirty B. thirties C. thirtieth D. the thirtieth2. Linda’s grandmther ges swimming every week, but actually she is in her ______. A. sixties B. sixtieth C. sixty D. sixty years ld
The televisin was invented in ______.A. the 1920s B. the 1920C. the 1920s’ D. 1920s
分析与解答 此题考查年代的表达法。句意:电视机是20世纪20年代发明的。表示“20世纪20年代”,应写成 in the 1920s 或 1920’s。
知识点 8 年代表达法
小试牛刀1. My parents were bth brn in ______. A. the 1970s B. 1980’s C. the 1970 D. 1980s2. Many peple went t wrk by bike in ______ in China. A. 1986’s B. 1980s’ C. the 1980 D. the 1980s
Wu Dajing, a ______ Chinese skater, set a new wrld recrd at the Shrt Track Wrld Cup in 2018.A. 26-year-ld B. 26 year ldC. 26-years-ld D. 26 years ld
分析与解答 此题考查数词中“基数词+连字符+名词+连字符+形容词”构成的复合形容词的用法。句意:武大靖,一位26岁的中国滑冰运动员,在2018年刷新了世界杯短道速滑项目的记录。复合形容词“二十六岁的”用“基数词+连字符+名词+连字符+形容词”的结构。
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