还剩20页未读,
继续阅读
所属成套资源:中考总复习英语二轮复习全套课件
成套系列资料,整套一键下载
- 中考总复习英语 语法专项复习—动词课件 课件 0 次下载
- 中考总复习英语 语法专项复习—连词课件 课件 0 次下载
- 中考总复习英语 语法专项复习—数词课件 课件 0 次下载
- 中考总复习英语 语法专项复习—主谓一致课件 课件 0 次下载
- 中考总复习英语 语法专项复习—状语从句课件 课件 2 次下载
中考总复习英语 语法专项复习—形容词、数词课件
展开
第二部分 语法专项复习形容词、副词1核心语法概述2语法知识导览3语法精讲精练4核心素养提升· 1 ·核心语法概述· 2 · 中考主要考查形容词和副词的基本用法和在句子中的基本运用,形容词和副词的等级构成及各种句型结构。考查形容词、副词的常见题型是单项选择和词形变换。语法知识导览· 3 ·知识点 1 形容词的作用 1. 作定语,修饰名词或代词。形容词修饰名词时,置于名词前;修饰不定代词(something,anything,nothing等)时,置于不定代词的后面。 2. 作表语,常与连系动词连用。 3. 作宾语补足语。语法精讲精练· 4 · 注意: (1)表示身体状况的形容词 well 和 ill 一般只能作表语,不能作定语。 (2)以 a 开头的形容词,如 alive,asleep,afraid,alone 等,一般只能作表语,不能作前置定语。 (3)以 -ly 结尾的形容词,如 friendly,lonely,lovely,lively 等,不要把它们误认为是副词。 (4)在某些形容词前加上定冠词 the,就相当于名词,指一类人或事物,其作主语时谓语动词用复数形式;如果表示抽象事物,谓语动词则用单数形式。· 5 ·小试牛刀例题知识点 2 常见的形容词短语(详见附录 1)知识点 3 副词的用法 1. 副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句或名词词组及介词短语,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 2. 副词的种类。 副词包括时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和频度副词。 3. 副词的作用。 副词在句中可充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。· 6 · 4. 副词的位置。 不同的副词在句子中的位置并不相同。时间副词和地点副词一般位于句末,两者同时出现时,地点副词在前,时间副词在后;但表示不明确的时间副词通常放在实义动词之前,助动词、情态动词之后。程度副词放在被修饰词之前(enough 除外)。· 7 ·小试牛刀例题知识点 4 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 英语中形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。原级表示“等于”,比较级表示“较……”,最高级表示“最……”。大部分形容词和副词的比较级是通过规则变化词尾实现的,但也有少数是不规则变化。 1. 形容词、副词比较级、最高级的规则变化。 (1)一般直接在词尾加 -er,-est。 (2)以 -e结尾的词,词尾只加-r,-st。 (3)重读闭音节且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -er,-est。 (4)以辅音字母加 -y结尾的词,先把-y变为-i,再加-er,-est。· 8 · (5)少数以 -er,-ow结尾的双音节词,可直接在词尾加 -er,-est。 (6)多音节词和多数双音节词,在其前面加 more 和 most。 (7)既可以在词尾加 -er和 -est,也可以在其前面加 more 和 most。 2. 形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的不规则变化。· 9 · 3. 形容词、副词比较级、最高级的用法。 (1)原级。 表示两者都一样(A = B):as +原级+ as。 表示两者不一样(A ≠ B):not as/ so +原级+ as。 (2)比较级。 用于比较两个人或两个事物(A > B 或 A < B):比较级+ than。 比较级前加 much,far,still,even,a lot,a little 等修饰语,表示程度的“多”“更”。 用“比较级+ and +比较级”表示程度的加深,意为“越来越……”。 (3)最高级。 表示三者或三者以上的比较,用“the +最高级+比较范围”结构。· 10 ·注意: (1) “比较级+ than any other +单数名词”表示最高级的含义。 (2)“the +比较级+ of the two…”表示两者间的比较。 (3)用“ the +比较级,the +比较级”表示“越……就越……”。 (4)“one of the +最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”。 (5)形容词最高级前必有定冠词 the,副词前可省去。· 11 ·例题小试牛刀·常见错误分析· 1. 基本用法混乱,不清楚在什么情况下用形容词,什么情况下用副词。 2. 词性混淆。在书面表达中,常有考生误把形容词当作动词。 3. 基本的构词法没掌握好:形容词和副词的转化规则,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级混淆。· 12 ·一、单项选择1. It’s a good idea to have some chocolate when you are ______. A. noisy B. pretty C. lively D. hungry2. —Jack, don’t make any noise. The classmates are studying ______ now. —Sorry, Mr Brown. A. quietly B. clearly C. quickly D. politely3. —How excellent the basketball players are! —Yes. Their coach is always ______ with them. They practise really hard every day. A. strict B. free C. bored D. angry核心素养提升· 13 ·DAA4. —Who’s the winner of women’s 200m freestyle final in Swimming World Championships 2019? —Yang Junxuan. She swam ______ of all. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. much faster5. Of the two coats, she’d like to choose the ______ one to save money for a book. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive6. Cindy, you sing the English song ______ among all the singers. Congratulations! A. beautifully B. best C. most beautiful D. better7. —Peter, have you heard of the song “Let It Go”? —Yes, it sounds ______ and it’s popular among young people. A. nice B. bad C. terrible D. strange· 14 ·CBBA8. David is crazy about Chinese history. He ______ visits the museums first wherever he travels in China. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always9. It’s a ______ idea to build cabin hospitals(方舱医院) to receive patients during the outbreak of COVID-19. A. cheerful B. classical C. creative D. curious10. Cheer up, Son! You have friends here. You’re not ______. A. alone B. awake C. afraid D. asleep· 15 ·DCA11. —Look, Grandma! ______ click on this icon, and then you can talk to the doctor. —So easy? Do I need a special number or something? A. Simple B. Simply C. Easy D. Easily12. My grandpa is a really nice person—one of ______ people I know. A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest13. It’s lucky we booked a room; otherwise we’ll have ______ to stay now. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere14. Although Zhong Nanshan knows the new virus is more ______ to old people, he cares little for his own safety. A. polite B. dangerous C. friendly D. important· 16 ·BDCB15. Emma felt ______ when her parents were on business trips. A. sadly B. angrily C. unfortunately D. lonely· 17 ·D二、单词拼写根据括号内所给的中文提示,正确拼写单词。1. The baby is so young that he can __________(几乎不) dress himself.2. Tony __________(几乎不) has any spare time for his hobbies. 3. As the saying goes,“The __________(早的) bird catches the worm.”4. The plane ticket is too __________(昂贵的) to buy. 5. Earthquakes always happen __________(突然的), so it’s difficult to warn people about them. · 18 ·hardlyhardlyearlyexpensivesuddenly三、词形变换根据句意,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1. Hey, don’t give up. You can touch it if you jump a little ________(high).2. At present, Chinese is ________(wide) used around the world.3. We’re really ________(luck) to live in such a powerful country. 4. I’m sorry to take your schoolbag __________(careless).5. We should face the challenges in our lives ________(brave).· 19 ·higherwidelyluckycarelesslybravely例题 1Mr Black’s speech is ______. It helps us have a better understanding of life.A. silly B. awful C. excellent D. boringC分析与解答 此题考查形容词词义辨析。句意为“Black先生的演讲是极好的,它帮助我们更好地理解了生活”。silly 意为“愚蠢的”,awful 意为“糟糕的”,excellent 意为“极好的”,boring意为“无聊的”。由句意可知答案选C。知识点 1 形容词的作用小试牛刀1. —What do you think of the TV programme “The Readers”? —Excellent. Many people are ______ about it. They never miss it. A. nervous B. worried C. crazy D. angry2. Did you do ______ during the last summer vacation? A. special anything B. special something C. anything special D. something specialCD例题 2You’d better leave______, or trouble will come to you.A. lively B. friendly C. heavily D. quicklyD分析与解答 此题考查副词词义辨析。句意为“你最好快点走,不然麻烦就来了”。lively意为“活泼的”,friendly意为“友好的”,heavily意为“沉重地”,quickly意为“快速地”。根据句意可知空格处应填quickly。知识点 3 副词的用法小试牛刀1. It’s noisy outside. I can’t hear you __________(clear).2. Once a week my business suit is __________(smooth) ironed.clearlysmoothly例题 3Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is ______ than her brother.A. patient B. more patientC. most patient D. the most patientB分析与解答 此题考查形容词比较级。句意为“Julie把家里的狗照顾得很好,她比她弟弟有耐心”。than是比较级的标志,patient的比较级为more patient。例题 4Everyone wants to win the contest. But I think ______ is to learn somethingand have fun.A. the most important B. importantC. more important D. much importantA分析与解答 此题考查形容词的最高级。句意为“每个人都想赢得比赛,但我觉得最重要的是要学到东西并且玩得开心”。important意为“重要的”,结合语境可知空格处应用它的最高级形式the most important。知识点 4 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级小试牛刀1. Jenny will get up ______ than usual in order to catch the first bus. A. early B. very early C. earlier D. earliest2. To make rivers ______ than before, everybody is supposed to protect them. A. dirty B. dirtier C. clean D. cleanerCD小试牛刀1. Linda is ______ of the three girls, but she is the tallest. A. young B. younger C. youngest D. the youngest2. Tea is one of ______ drinks in the world. A. more popular B. the more popular C. most popular D. the most popularD知识点 4 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级D