专题04 阅读理解说明文&议论文-备考中考英语一模分项讲解和真题练习（江苏专用）

这是一份专题04 阅读理解说明文&议论文-备考中考英语一模分项讲解和真题练习（江苏专用），共59页。试卷主要包含了略读，跳读，细读等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题04 阅读理解说明文&议论文-备考中考英语一模分项讲解和真题练习（江苏专用）

说明文选材通常是各学科的前沿问题;高科技领域的科研成果;人们比较关心的社会问题;人文方面的经典。说明文是试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。通常要求考生做到以下几个方面：
①理解语篇主旨要义
②理解文中具体信息
③根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义
④根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理
⑤理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系
⑥理解作者的观点、意图和态度

说明文阅读及解题策略：
1.略读
通过整体粗读，领略内容大意，帮助理解，为细读做准备。寻找主题句，获取大意，找出每段的主题。每一篇说明文通常都是围绕一个中心展开的。所以找出主题句，抓住中心，理解主题句与文章的具体事实细节的关系，对文章进行整体理解，获取文章表达的正确信息。
2.跳读
寻找所需信息，如年代、数字、人名、地名等，把握住关键词，利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等，抓住文章脉络。
3.细读
分段细读，注意细节，注意语言结构，抓住关键信息，解释文章结构的内在联系，帮助深化理解。一片文章就是一个有机的整体，段落与段落之间存在着内在的紧密联系，而每段的内容都与主题有着很重要的联系，所以弄清文章结构上的问题，对于把握文章主题，文章大意非常重要。

议论文的阅读方法：
1. 抓论点、寻论据
阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。
2. 重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大体的理解。
文章结构：
(1) 一般来说，议论文会在第一或第二段提出论点，有的时候第一段是阐述一个现象或者提出一个问题，目的为了引出论点或者引起读者兴趣。
(2) 一般情况下会有实验。细节题容易针对实验过程及实验结果提问。
(3) 关注专家所说的话。

题目类型 ：
一、主题题型
1. 问main idea, primary purpose, title等等。
(1) 正确选项必须具备三个特征：①有focus； ②无细节； ③态度与原文一致
能找到主题句则直接看同义句，找不到依据这三个特征使用排除法。
(2) 先看选项的主体动词，迅速排除干扰项：
①presentation型的文章：present, describe, explain, illustrate, point out?
②argumentation型的文章：evaluate, criticize, refute, challenge, counter, correct
以上动词出现则优先选（只是技巧，并不绝对）
2. 问focus应直接定位主题句。
需要注意以下几点：
后面出现大段无关论述时：主题“从前不从后”；
前面主题句已对某事物给了正态度，末尾再作转折，说一些毛病，缺点，这是倒让步，而不是文章的重点，不用考虑！

二、作者态度题型
1. 判断依据：
(1) 判断句（系动词、情态动词、自由褒贬词）通过找自由褒贬词对判断作者态度很有作用，但前提是要对全文的结构逻辑把握的比较好，单纯通过自由褒贬词的判断还是不很保险，但这是一个思路。
(2) 某些名人说话引号中的形容词或副词表评价：
所谓名人态度题分两种，一是作者的意见和名人的一致，要注意全文的起承转合，比较明显的词for example, such as....等等很多。二是作者的意见和名人的不一致，有时名人的话只是给文章好开个头，批的就是他。这就是观点对立式主题文章的类型，在文中的明显的词有：is tempted to say, it is previously believed that...等等。注意观点对立式这里就一定会出现意思的强转折，例如however, but, while, on the contrary等等。
(3) 一些实义动词表评价，尤其在讲原理，或研究的文章中：
负：fail to/overestimate/underestimate/exaggerate/misinterpret/misrepresent/ignore/neglect/overlook
正：find/discover/show/demonstrate/prove/confirm/determine
(4) 从大不从小原则：从全文来讲，看前面、开头或主题讲的是什么评价。

【真题详解】
【常州溧阳市南渡初级中学2022年中考英语一模试题】
A
Myopia (近视) in Children
How do children get myopia?

If a child spends 7+ hours a week on computer or mobile phone, he may have myopia.


Fewer outdoor activities increase the risk of getting myopia.

Parents who have myopia may have a myopia child.
How many children have myopia?

53.6% of the children in China had myopia in 2021.
14.5% of the children under 6
36.0% of the primary school students
71.6% of the junior high school students
81.0% of the senior high school students
▲
At least 2 hours of outdoor activities every day.
20/20/20 rule when using the computer or mobile phone: Every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 minutes.
Get enough sleep.

23. Which can show the change in the number of myopic children as they grow?
A. B. C. D.
24. Which of the following can be put in “_________”?
A. Where should children have fun. B. Why should children do sports.
C. When should children read. D. What should children do.
25. What can we learn from the passage?
①Reasons for myopia. ②The number of myopic kids.
③Ways to stay away from myopia. ④Proper food for myopic kids.
A. ①②④ B. ①③④ C. ①②③ D. ②③④
【答案】23. C 24. D 25. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了儿童近视的原因、近视的人数以及预防近视的一些方法。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二个表格中“14.5% of the children under 6”、“36.0% of the primary school students”、“71.6% of the junior high school students”和“81.0% of the senior high school students”可知，随着年龄的增长，近视人数也不断上涨，选项C的图片符合。故选C。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。通读第二个表格中的下半部分内容可知，此部分主要介绍了一些预防近视的方法，由此可知此部分在告诉儿童“应该做什么”。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一个表格介绍了儿童近视的原因，第二个表格的上半部分介绍了近视儿童的数量，第二个表格的下半部分介绍了一些预防近视的方法。故选C。
B


An artist uses tea to help him relax when practising in Mount Emei in Sichuan Province. A young couple in Malaysia serve tea to express thanks to their parents at the wedding ceremony (仪式). These scenes about tea are from the BBC documentary, One Cup. A Thousand Stories.
It took 3 years to complete One Cup.A Thousand Stories in 13 countries across six continents (大洲). It gives viewers a chance to learn about tea’s influence on daily life in different places. Some ancient tales are also told. These are rarely heard by young Chinese people today.
According to the documentary, tea has become more popular and different drinking methods are enjoyed by billions of people worldwide.” Tea is China’s great gift to mankind. It provides calm. energy and enjoyment for people. For many people it is part of their daily life. We wanted to explore this rich world of tea culture and its influence on people’s life around the world,” says Matthew Springford, the documentary’s producer.
The documentary is fully funded (资助) by Chinese company Migu. Migu and BBC listed a lot of themes at first, such as traditional Chinese medicine and new technologies. But tea was finally picked as the subject. “Tea is a subject close to both Chinese and British people’s hearts, since we are all tea drinkers with a long history of social tea drinking.” says Springford.
Tom McDonald, managing director at BBC Studios, says more than 20 teams were sent to different places to shoot the documentary, with each place having around 25 members. “I’m quite proud of the documentary. It’s an excellent piece of work with really high production values. We’re best known for our work in natural history and science, but I think tea is a good example of what we can achieve when we put our efforts in it,” says McDonald.
The documentary has already won praise from many viewers in China. A young man says that the scenes show the beauty of Chinese tea culture, making him look forward to a slow-paced life.
26. How does the writer start the passage?
A. By describing scenes. B. By listing numbers
C. By showing points. D. By using sayings.
27. Why was the subject “tea” chosen finally?
A. Because it is easy for BBC Studios to explore tea culture
B. Because China has a long history of social tea drinking
C. Because tea is popular among both Chinese and British people
D. Because the documentary is funded by a Chinese company
28. What can we learn about the documentary?
A. It shows some new technologies besides tea.
B. The director is not satisfied with their work
C. 25 people flew to different places to complete it.
D. It is thought highly of by many Chinese viewers.
【答案】26. A 27. C 28. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了BBC纪录片《一叶茶千夜话》。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“An artist uses tea to help him relax when practising in Mount Emei in Sichuan Province. A young couple in Malaysia serve tea to express thanks to their parents at the wedding ceremony (仪式). These scenes about tea are from the BBC documentary, One Cup. A Thousand Stories.”可知，作者通过描述场景来开始文章。故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中““Tea is a subject close to both Chinese and British people’s hearts, since we are all tea drinkers with a long history of social tea drinking.” says Springford.”可知，最终选择了“茶”这个主题，是因为因为茶在中国人和英国人中都很受欢迎。故选C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“The documentary has already won praise from many viewers in China. A young man says that the scenes show the beauty of Chinese tea culture, making him look forward to a slow-paced life.”可知，这部纪录片受到许多中国观众的高度评价。故选D。
D
Now more and more people who want to learn a new language turn to mobile apps for help. While these language learning apps allow users to study a new language anywhere at any time, how effective(有效的) are they?
That is a question Shawn Loewen, a professor at Michigan State University (MSU), is trying to answer. He recently made a study focusing on Babbel, a popular language learning app, to see if it really worked at teaching a new language.
“Millions around the world are already using language learning apps, but few studies have researched whether they can help improve one’s speaking skills,”Loewen said. “There are almost no other studies that have looked at mobile language learning apps. So, this study is very important to the field.”
In the study, 85 students at MSU used Babbel for 12 weeks to learn Spanish. At the beginning of the study, the students took a test to assess(评价) their speaking, vocabulary and grammar in Spanish. After 12 weeks, the 54 students who completed all study requirements took the same test again to see how much knowledge they had gained.
The study showed that nearly all the students who completed the requirements improved their Spanish language knowledge and ability to communicate after 12 weeks of using Babbel.
“On the whole, learners in this study increased their oral proficiency(口语能力).” Loewen said. “These results show that Babbel not only helps teach knowledge of grammar and vocabulary, but also speeds up the development of oral communication skills.”
Also, learning gains in oral proficiency, grammar and vocabulary were connected with how much time students spent using the app. 59% of students improved speaking skills by at least one level in an American foreign language proficiency assessing system. The percentage of learners who improved rose even higher among those who spent more time using the app. For those who studied at least six hours, 69% increased at least one level, rising to 75% for those who studied for at least 15 hours.
33. What does Loewen say about his app study?
A. It is based on a lot of published studies.
B. It compares many language learning apps.
C. It answers a question about learning new languages.
D. It may be the first to study if apps help language learning.
34.What did the students do in the study?
A. They learnt Spanish in class using Babbel.
B. They tried using different language learning apps.
C. Some of them took two tests before and after 12 weeks
D. Some of them finished their study requirements in 24 weeks.
35. What did Loewen’s study find about Babbel?
A. It can be useful for just some of its users.
B. It effectively helps teach a new language.
C. It might be the best Spanish learning tool so far.
D. It does better in improving skills than knowledge.
36. What do the numbers in the last paragraph show?
A. The relationship between app use time and progress.
B. The disadvantages of using language learning apps.
C. The big differences in students’ learning habits.
D. The difficulties of learning a new language.
【答案】33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A
【解析】本文告诉读者研究应用程序是否有助于语言学习。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句“There are almost no other studies that have looked at mobile language learning apps. So, this study is very important to the field.”可知，它可能是第一个研究应用程序是否有助于语言学习的公司。故选D。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“In the study, 85 students at MSU used Babbel for 12 weeks to learn Spanish.”及“After 12 weeks, the 54 students who completed all study requirements took the same test again to see how much knowledge they had gained.”可知，有些人在12周之前和之后进行了两次测试。故选C。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““On the whole, learners in this study increased their oral proficiency(口语能力)” Loewen said.”可知，它能有效地帮助教授一门新语言。故选B。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Also, learning gains in oral proficiency. grammar and vocabulary were connected with how much time students spent using the app...69% increased at least one level, rising to 75% for those who studied for at least 15 hours.”可知，应用程序使用时间与进度的关系。故选A。

【2022·江苏扬州市江都区中考英语一模试题】
C
Does the endless messages and the thought of replying to unopened texts make you stressed? Texting stress is a real thing, and more common than you’d think.
In the last 25 years, texting has already changed the way we communicate. From QQ to WeChat, likes, shares and group chats join traditional forms of communication like email and texting. Many find themselves tired out from the endless notices and group conversations.
The average person in 2022 checks their phone 262 times a day, up from a daily average of 80 in 2016. On average, each person will have 47 unread text messages and 1,602 unopened emails. Yet the average phone screen time is more than ever before, at 4.2 hours per day.
Leah Aguirre, a psychotherapist explains that text conversations are usually a cause of stress as they come with a lot of uncertainty. “We don’t know how someone will reply, if they will reply, or how quickly they will reply. We can’t control other people’s actions or behaviour or how they think, and for people that are more likely to be stressed this can be hard to deal with.”
Text stress can influence your relationships with friends and loved ones. A 2018 study found that friendships are far more successful when you and the other person have a similar texting style. If both of you reply to texts quickly, the relationship is less likely to hit the rocks. Similarly, if everyone is happy to go hours, days, even weeks with replying to texts, then the relationship is better.
Aguirre suggests limiting the time you are on your phone will help you feel relaxed. “You can tell yourself that you have no control over another person’s reaction or behaviour. Remind yourself that this is just a phone or a text message and that you are okay and will be okay,” she said.
Now, time to get to all those unanswered texts.
38. The writer listed the data (数据) in Paragraph 3 to tell us ________.
A. texting has taken up too much of our time
B. technology has developed fast over the years
C. cellphone has become a useful tool in daily lives
D. people would like to communicate through messages
39. What can we learn from the passage?
A. It may be impolite not to reply all the text messages.
B. People don’t get stressed if they have similar texting styles.
C. Group conversations are more likely to make people stressed.
D. Whether people get stressed depends on how someone replies.
40. According to Aguirre, we can reduce texting stress by ________.
①spending less time on the phone
②paying no attention to messages
③communicating in another way
④reminding ourselves to relax
A. ①③ B. ②④ C. ②③ D. ①④
41. Which part of the newspaper is the passage probably from?
A. Education. B. Science. C. Society. D. Culture.
【答案】38. A 39. C 40. D 41. C
【解析】本文主要介绍了短信造成的压力及其应对方法。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The average person in 2022 checks their phone 262 times a day, up from a daily average of 80 in 2016. On average, each person will have 47 unread text messages and 1,602 unopened emails. Yet the average phone screen time is more than ever before, at 4.2 hours per day.”可知，人们花费在看手机、收发短信上的时间在不断增长，第三段列这些数据是为了告诉我们“发短信占用了我们太多的时间”。故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Many find themselves tired out from the endless notices and group conversations.”可知，许多人发现自己被没完没了的通知和群组对话弄得筋疲力尽。由此推出群组对话更容易让人感到压力。故选C。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Aguirre suggests limiting the time you are on your phone will help you feel relaxed.”可知，Aguirre建议花费更少时间在手机上，再由“Remind yourself that this is just a phone or a text message and that you are okay and will be okay”可知，要提醒自己放松。故选D。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要介绍了短信造成的压力及其应对方法，这最可能出现在“社会”栏。故选C。
D

The moment they are picked up from kindergarten each day, Tan Xinyan and her friends rushed into a playground with new swings, climbing frames and slides.
“I’m surprised that such a small change can bring the children so much joy,” says Tan’s mother Hu Yufeng while talking about the playground in her community.
The appearance in old neighborhoods of well-equipped children’s playgrounds shows that China is taking steps to create better conditions for raising a child.
The country with the largest population is preparing for the low fertility of rates(生育率), at a low level of 1.3 in 2020.
In 2015, China began to allow all couples to have a second child. In 2021, this was ▲ to three children for each family. It was followed by a series of supportive actions. The country’s new population and family planning law was also made to build a more birth-friendly society.
Even so, most of the couples don’t want to a second or a third child mainly because of the heavy stress of bearing, raising and educating children. As a result, support from local government includes longer paternity leave(产假), extra parental leave and better public services.
Having grown up as the only child in her family, the 35-year-old mother always envied those who had siblings to play with and offer support. However, she doubted whether to have a second child in the beginning, worrying that her parents and parents-in-law are already in their late 60s, and she and her husband both have busy careers.
“If we could not offer the children the attention and care they need for a happy and healthy childhood, we wouldn’t have a second child” Hu says.
As it turns out, she found more happiness with two children. “What doubled is not the workload, but the joy and good memories they created,” Hu says.
With supportive actions being taken, more mothers-to-be aiming for two or three children are expected to feel the same way.
In general, children are the creators of our future, and it’s the job of us grown-ups to create an environment to make this come true.
42. What’s the purpose of the first three paragraphs?
A. To express opinions. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To show feelings. D. To draw a conclusion.
43. Which of the following words can be put in the blank ▲ ?
A. Returned. B. Included. C. Reduced. D. Increased.
44. What’s the main reason why most couples don’t want a second or a third child?
A. Their parents and parents-in-law are already in their late 60s.
B. Most couples have busy careers and only care about themselves.
C. The stress of bearing, raising and educating children is heavy.
D. They can not offer the children the attention and care they need.
45. The underlined word “siblings” means ________.
A. relatives and friends B. father and mother
C. teachers and students D. brothers and sisters
【答案】42. B 43. D 44. C 45. D
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了国家为了鼓励多孩政策所创造的一些便利条件，同时介绍了家长对二胎或三胎的不同看法和担忧。
【42题详解】
段落大意题。根据前三段的内容可知，从社区一些娱乐项目的改变引出现在政府为了提高生育率所创造的一些便利条件这个主题，故选B。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据“In 2015, China began to allow all couples to have a second child. In 2021, this was … to three children for each family”可知，2015年开始开放二胎，2021年增加到三胎，故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Even so, most of the couples don’t want to a second or a third child mainly because of the heavy stress of bearing, raising and educating children.”可知，主要是因为生育、抚养和教育孩子的巨大压力，故选C。
【45题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Having grown up as the only child in her family, the 35-year-old mother always envied those who had siblings to play with and offer support.”可知，作为独生女总是会羡慕别人有兄弟姐妹可以一起玩耍和互相支持，所以siblings表示“brothers and sisters”，故选D。

【2022年南京市金陵中学中考英语一模试题】
B

A castle was the fortress (堡垒) and home of a king or nobleman.
Most of the castles we think of today were built in Europe. They were built from about 1, 000 AD to about 1, 500 AD, during a period known as the Middle Ages.
Castles played an important role after the fall of the Roman Empire. When a king granted land to nobles, the nobles promised in return to serve the king and provide him with soldiers. Nobles built castles on the lands given to them. But some nobles simply claimed land as their own and built a castle on it. That was asking for trouble. There were many power struggles between nobles and kings, and among the nobles themselves.
A typical stone castle had several main parts. At the centre of the castle was a tall and very strong building called the keep. This is where people in the castle made their last stand if the outer defences (防御) failed. The keep was set in a courtyard, where there were workshops, stables, and a kitchen.
High, thick walls surrounded the keep and the courtyard. Strong, round defensive towers stood at the corners of the walls. Guards walked along the tops of the walls and towers.
Many stone castles were surrounded by a wide ditch called a moat (护城河). Some moats were filled with water, but many were not. The only way into the castle was across a wooden drawbridge over the moat. If enemies attacked, the defenders raised the bridge. Then they lowered a heavy iron-and-wood barrier called a portcullis to block the entrance to the castle.
A well-built castle was a pretty safe place to be. Attackers had a hard time getting in. But they still had some options. They could go over the walls using ladders. They could smash (撞碎) through the walls or doors. Or they could dig under the walls and try to get part of the wall to fall down. If none of those things worked, they could just camp outside until the defenders ran out of food.
Attackers sometimes brought large machines called siege engines with them to break through castle doors or walls. This was a heavy wooden beam with a metal cap. In the early 1500s, cannons entered wide use in warfare. Cannonballs could dig into the base of stone walls and weaken them. The walls then fell under their own weight. As a result, castles were no longer needed.
29. The underlined word “That” refers to the fact that ________.
A. nobles built castles on the lands given to them B. the nobles promised to serve the king in return
C. some nobles simply claimed land as their own D. the nobles provided the king with soldiers
30. How many choices are mentioned to occupy a castle before the sixteenth century?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
31. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Some castles were built to attract more visitors.
B. Kings in ancient Europe were more generous.
C. Portcullises were used to break through castle doors.
D. Warfare must be common from 1, 000 AD to about 1, 500 AD.
32. What is the best subtitle of the last two paragraphs?
A. Attacking a castle B. Visiting a castle C. A pretty safe place D. Weakness of a castle
【答案】29. A30. B31. D32. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是城堡的历史。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Nobles built castles on the lands given to them. But some nobles simply claimed land as their own and built a castle on it.”可知，此处是说但有些贵族干脆宣称土地是自己的，并在上面建了一座城堡。这引起很多麻烦，由此可知“That”指的是贵族们在给他们的土地上建造城堡。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They could go over the walls using ladders. They could smash (撞碎) through the walls or doors. Or they could dig under the walls and try to get part of the wall to fall down.”和“Attackers sometimes…In the early 1500s, cannons entered wide use in warfare.”可知，攻击城堡的方式有：用梯子翻墙、砸碎墙壁或门、或者在墙下挖掘让墙的一部分倒塌以及使用大炮。因此是4种方式。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据“They were built from about 1, 000 AD to about 1, 500 AD, during a period known as the Middle Ages.”和“Castles played an important role after the fall of the Roman Empire.”可知，此处是说城堡大多建于公元1000年至公元1500年以及说城堡在罗马帝国灭亡后发挥了重要作用。由此可推断在这一时期有很多战争。故选D。
【32题详解】
标题归纳题。根据倒数第二段开头“A well-built castle was a pretty safe place to be. Attackers had a hard time getting in. But they still had some options.”和最后一段“Attackers sometimes brought large machines called siege engines with them to break through castle doors or walls.”可知，最后两段主要是讲述攻击者怎么攻击城堡的。因此A项“攻击一座城堡”符合题意。故选A。
C

Do you know some people have memories that are completely wrong? They remember things that never happened. Sometimes, many people have the same wrong memory. When this happens, it’s believed that it is because of the Mandela Effect.
People first noticed the Mandela Effect in 2013. That year, Nelson Mandela passed away. However, thousands of people remembered him dying in the 1980s. They described watching his funeral (葬礼) on TV. But in fact, Mandela lived to be 95 years old. How could that be? How could so many people have the same wrong memory?
Most experts explain the Mandela Effect using brain science. When we make memories, our brains keep them in groups. Each group includes memories that are similar to each other. Sometimes, our brains messed up (混乱). They mix two similar memories together. That’s why people thought Nelson Mandela died in the 1980s. They knew he was imprisoned (坐牢) during the 1980s. For some reason, they mixed his imprisonment with his death.
That would explain why so many people in 2013 thought Nelson Mandela was already dead. But would it explain why all those people gave similar descriptions of his funeral? Could all those people have mixed up the same two memories?
There are many other examples of the Mandela Effect. Have you ever seen the Mona Lisa? Many people remember the woman in the painting with a frown (皱眉). Others say she was straight-faced. If you look at the Mona Lisa today, you’ll find she’s smiling. Did you ever read a series of children’s books about The Berenstein Bears? No, you didn’t. In our reality, the books are about The Berenstein Bears, spelled with an “a” instead of an “e”. Still, thousands of people believe they remember the name spelled differently.
Are these wrong memories the result of mixed memories, or is there another explanation？Without further science research, we can’t say for sure!
33. What is the Mandela Effect?
A. Some people have worse memory than others.
B. Some people may have the same wrong memory.
C. People are better at remembering certain things.
D. People remember unhappy experiences more easily.
34. Why does the author give the example in Para. 2?
A. To prove his point. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To correct the view above. D. To provide the background.
35. What is the reason for the Mandela Effect given in Para. 3?
A. People are easily influenced by others. B. People pay little attention to the fact.
C. People mix two similar events up. D. People have poor memory.
36. What does the author think of the Mandela Effect?
A. Its reason is unknown. B. It lasts for a long time.
C. It is hard to avoid. D. Its effect is great
【答案】33. B34. A35. C36. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了著名的“曼德拉效应”，即人们记住了那些从未发生过的事情的一种情况。例如许多人记得曼德拉死于20世纪80年代，甚至大家还记得在电视上看了曼德拉的葬礼报道，但实际上曼德拉于2013年去世。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Sometimes, many people have the same wrong memory. When this happens, it’s believed that it is because of the Mandela Effect.”可知，Mandela Effect就是人们有同样的错误记忆。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。通过第二段“However, thousands of people remembered him dying in the 1980s.”及最后一句“How could so many people have the same wrong memory?”可知，第二段的举例是为了证明第一段作者表达“Sometimes, many people have the same wrong memory.”这一观点的。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“They mix two similar memories together. That’s why people thought Nelson Mandela died in the 1980s.”可知，人们会把两个相似的记忆弄混淆。故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Without further science research, we can’t say for sure!”可知，作者认为，如果没有进一步的科学研究的话，我们不能确定“曼德拉效应”的原因。故选A。
D

History is important to study because it is essential for all of us in understanding ourselves and the world around us. And in my opinion, studying history benefits beyond history itself, because it helps develop and improve our skills through studying history.
We can improve our reading skills by reading texts from different periods. Language has changed and developed over time and so has the way people write and express themselves. We can also improve our writing skills through learning not to just repeat what someone else said, but to analyze information from multiple sources and come up with our own conclusions. It’s two birds with one stone—better writing and critical thinking!
There are so many sources of information out in the world. Finding a decisive truth for many topics just doesn’t exist. What was a victory for one group was a great loss for another—we get to create our own opinions of these events.
History gives us the opportunity to learn from others’ past mistakes. It helps us understand many reasons why people may behave the way they do. As a result, it helps us become smarter as decision-makers.
In the study of history we will need to conduct research. This gives us the opportunity to look at two kinds of sources—primary (written at the time) and secondary sources (written about a time period, after the fact). This practice can teach us how to decipher between reliable and unreliable sources.
There are numbers and data to be learned from history. In terms of patterns: patterns in population, disappearances during times of war, and even in environmental factors. These patterns that are found help clarify why things happened as they did.
It’s incredibly important to learn to question the quality of the information and “history” we are learning. Keep these two questions in mind as we read through information: How do I know what I’m reading are facts and accurate information? Could they be the writer’s opinions?
37. The author thinks history helps make good decisions because ________.
A. we can learn from others’ past mistakes
B. we can meet many sources of information
C. we can look at primary and secondary sources
D. we can create our own opinions of the past events
38. What does the underlined word “decipher” in Para 5 mean?
A. put out B. break out C. make out D. try out
39. Why are the two questions mentioned in the last of the passage?
A. To remind readers to read historical novels carefully.
B. To warn readers not to read too many history books.
C. To emphasize the quality of the information on history.
D. To make readers doubt about the reality of history.
40. What is the best title of the passage?
A. How to study history B. Why is history important
C. Reliable data of history D. Value of studying history
【答案】37. A38. C39. A40. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了学习历史带给人们的价值。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据“History gives us the opportunity to learn from others’ past mistakes. It helps us understand many reasons why people may behave the way they do. As a result, it helps us become smarter as decision-makers.”可知，历史给了我们从别人过去的错误中学习的机会。帮助我们理解为什么人们会有这样的行为。因此作者认为历史有助于做出正确的决定，是因为我们可以从别人过去的错误中学习。故选A。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“This practice can teach us how to decipher between reliable and unreliable sources.”可知，此处提到教我们，因此推断这里应该教我们如何“区分，辨认”可靠和不可靠的信息。put out熄灭；break out爆发；make out辨认；try out试验，因此可知是make out。故选C。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据“It’s incredibly important to learn to question the quality of the information and ‘history’ we are learning.”可知，此处是说学会质疑我们正在学习的信息和“历史”的质量是非常重要的。因此可推断下文提出的两个问题是要求我们要仔细地阅读历史文章，保持质疑。故选A。
【40题详解】
标题归纳题。根据第一段“History is important to study because it is essential for all of us in understanding …improve our skills through studying history.”可知，本文主要是围绕学习历史带给人们的价值展开说明的。故选D。

【连云港市新海实验中学2022年中考英语一模试题】

B
Do you often listen to music at loud volumes (音量)? You should know that this habit is bad for your hearing, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss due to listening to loud noise for long periods of time, WHO said. Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing.
The United Nations has standards for safe listening. It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 decibels (dB分贝)for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB.
Loud noise is harmful to the inner ear. Most of us have about 16,000 hair cells (听毛细胞) in our inner ears. These cells detect sounds. However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. This is what causes hearing loss.
Some people might think that their music isn’t all that loud. But this can depend on where you are. For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, you might feel uncomfortable.
WHO said that “safe level” for most sound is below 80 decibels for up to 40 hours a week. A level of 80 decibels is roughly equal to the noise of a subway.
Tips for safe listening
Use noise-canceling headphones
These headphones get rid of background noise. You don’t need to turn up the volume as much.
Turn down the volume
Keep your device volume at 50-60 percent.
Limit daily use of headphones
Listen to sound on your mobile devices for a maximum (最大量) of one hour per day.

34. Many young people are at risk of hearing loss because they ________.
A. watch shows on TV every day B. go to a rock concert
C. listen to loud music for a long time D. stand on a busy road
35. The sound of a busy road is about ________.
A. 85 dB B. 80 dB C. 40 dB D. 100 dB
36. The fifth paragraph tells us that ________.
A. people like to listen to loud music on the subway
B. people don’t always realize how loud their music is
C. people don’t know where they are when they listen to music
D. it’s correct to listen to loud music in some places
37. To have a safe listening, we are advised to ________.
A. keep our device volume at 65 percent B. use headphones when we listen to sound
C. use noise-canceling phone when it’s noisy D. use headphones at least one hour per day
【答案】34. C 35. A 36. B 37. C
【解析】本文主要介绍了长时间听大音量音乐会造成听力丧失，并提出了一些安全倾听的建议。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss due to listening to loud noise for long periods of time”可知因长时间听嘈杂的噪音而面临听力损失风险。故选C。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB”可知繁忙道路的声音约为85分贝。故选A。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Some people might think that their music isn’t all that loud”以及下文所举例子可知有些人意识不到他们的音乐音量有多大。故选B。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Use noise-canceling headphones.”可知可以使用降噪耳机。故选C。
D
What is the worst disease in the world? Many people might say it is cancer. Cancer will kill about 9.6 million people in the world this year, according to World Health Organization. Scientists have been working to find ways to beat cancer. A lot of progress has been made in this field.
James P Allison from the US and Japanese researcher Tasuku Honjo discovered a new kind of cancer treatment that earned them the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in October. The new treatment can make our immune systems (免疫系统) strong enough to effectively fight cancer cells. It is hoped that this treatment can be used to treat most cancers in the future.
This is not the only recent improvement in cancer treatment. In November, the US Food and Drug Administration approved a new cancer drug called Vitrakvi. Instead of being effective only for treating specific types of cancer, this drug can be used to treat 17 different kinds of cancer, including lung cancer and breast cancer, USA Today reported.
Finding cancer as early as possible is the best way to beat it. To check people for cancer, doctors must collect tissue (组织) from a patient’s tumor and test it. This process can take a long time. But in December, scientists from the University of Queensland in Australia developed a simple cancer test that can detect cancer in a patient’s blood. The test takes less than 10 minutes. The test is about 90 percent accurate, the Guardian reported.
With all of these treatments, cancer can be effectively controlled. Honjo believes most kinds of cancer will become treatable by 2050. “Even if we cannot completely eliminate the tumor, we can survive while still having part of a tumor,” Honjo said at a press conference in Stockholm, Sweden, in December.
42. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Cancer is the world’s worst disease.
B. About 9.6 million people die from cancer this year.
C. Scientists have found ways to cure cancer completely.
D. There have been some improvements in cancer treatment.
43. What do you know about Vitrakvi?
A. It can make the immune system weak.
B. It is a new drug that can treat 17 kinds of cancer.
C. It can’t be used to treat lung cancer or breast cancer.
D. It has proven to be effective for treating all types of cancer.
44. What does the underlined word “tumor” in the fourth & fifth paragraphs mean?
A. 肿瘤 B. 细胞 C. 微生物 D. 切片
45. Which of the following can be the best title of this article?
A. Two researchers discovered a cancer treatment. B. Vitrakvi — a new cancer drug.
C. A cancer test which is about 90 percent accurate. D. Working to treat cancer.
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D
【解析】本文主要讲述了世界上最严重的疾病就是癌症，现在科学家们正在设法研制治疗癌症的药，将来癌症可能会治愈。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Scientists have been working to find ways to beat cancer. A lot of progress has been made in this field.”可知科学家们并未找到完全治愈癌症的方法。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In November, the US Food and Drug Administration approved a new cancer drug called Vitrakvi. Instead of being effective only for treating specific types of cancer, this drug can be used to treat 17 different kinds of cancer, including lung cancer and breast cancer, USA Today reported.”可知Vitrakvi是一种可以治疗17种癌症的新药。故选B。
【44题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“To check people for cancer, doctors must collect tissue from a patient’s tumor and test it.”及“Even if we cannot completely eliminate the tumor, we can survive while still having part of a tumor”可知tumor是一种存在于癌症患者身上的需要消除的东西，由此推出tumor意为“肿瘤”。故选A。
【45题详解】
标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了世界上最严重的疾病就是癌症，现在科学家们正在设法研制治疗癌症的药，将来癌症可能会治愈。用“Working to treat cancer.”做标题最合适。故选D。

【苏州高新区实验初级中学2022年中考英语一模试题】
B
Tons of people enjoy listening to different types of music while they paint, write, or draw. Many believe that music helps get the creative juices flowing, but an international new study is challenging that view by putting volunteers through a series of tests.
The study was performed as a joint partnership between psychologists at three universities in Europe. The results suggest that any task that relies on verbal (与文字有关的) creativity was weakened when listening to any type of music.
Subjects (受试者) in the project all spoke English as their first language, and had no problem in their sight or hearing.
The tasks were simple word games. For example, subjects were given three words, such as dress, shine, and flower. Then, they were asked to find a single word which could be connected with all three to form a common phrase or word. The single word, in this case, would be “sun” (sundress, sunflower, etc).
Subjects completed the tasks in either a quiet room, or while they were playing background music with foreign lyrics (歌词), English lyrics, and instrumental music with no lyrics at all.
The research team also tested the library background noises, but found that such noises had no great difference in subjects’ creativity. The study’s authors believe that was the case because library noise is a “steady state” environment which is not as disruptive (扰乱的). Music with or without lyrics is characterized by changes in pitch or tone.
It’s worth mentioning that even familiar music with well-known lyrics weakened subjects’ creativity, even when subjects said that they worked or studied with music on regularly and the music improved their overall mood.
So next time you sit down for a study session with those lo-fi beats, you may be giving your brain something else to focus on rather than your work.
24. What does “that view” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Listening to music impairs creativity.
B. Music helps improve our creativity.
C. Listening to music while working is so common.
D. People enjoy listening to different types of music.
25. According to the word game in Paragraph 4, if volunteers are given three words “foot, base, basket”, what is the single word?
A.case B. ball C. line D. print
26. Which of the following statements does the author probably agree?
A. Library noises are characterized by changes in pitch or tone.
B. Different kinds of music impair different parts of our brains.
C. You may do your work better without listening to music.
D. Music cannot disrupt the verbal working memory of the disabled.
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. C
【解析】本文介绍人们在绘图，写作，画画时喜欢听不同类型的音乐。许多人认为音乐有助于创造，然而国际新研究通过对志愿者进行一系列测试，结果显示恰恰相反。
【24题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Tons of people enjoy listening to different types of music while they paint, write, or draw. Many believe that music helps get the creative juices flowing, but an international new study is challenging that view by putting volunteers through a series of tests.”可知，人们在绘图，写作或画画时喜欢听不同类型的音乐，许多人认为音乐有助于创造力，但一项国际新研究通过对志愿者进行一系列测试来挑战这一观点。由此可知，这一观点指的是前面提到的音乐有助于创造。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The tasks were simple word games. For example, subjects were given three words, such as dress, shine, and flower. Then, they were asked to find a single word which could be connected with all three to form a common phrase or word. The single word, in this case, would be “sun” (sundress, sunflower, etc).”可知，任务是简单的文字游戏。例如，给受试者三个单词，例如着装，光泽和花朵。然后，它们被要求找到一个可以与这三个词联系在一起的词，以形成一个共同的短语或词。在这种情况下，单个单词将是“太阳”（夏装，向日葵等）。”所给词语为foot, base, basket，它们与ball组成football, baseball, basketball，都是球类运动。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The results suggest that any task that relies on verbal (与文字有关的) creativity was weakened when listening to any type of music.”可知，研究结果揭示到，听音乐的时候任何与文字相关的创造性都会被削弱。由此可知在不听音乐的情况下工作效果可能更好。故选C。
D
I have a question for all of us. Is all winning success? Winning is really, really fun. But I am here to share my views on what a real success is.
All around the world, we have created the win-at-all-cost cultures. As a society, we honor the champions. We cheer for those people who win championships, elections and awards. Winning at all costs has become acceptable. We have become so focused on that end result instead of the process, and particularly when the end result is a win, usually how we got there often gets swept under the proverbial rug.
We need to redefine (重新定义) success. Real success is developing champions in life for our world, win or
lose. We may be able to plan our way to a win, but we can’t plan our way to success.
Back to 1990, when I was first made the head coach of the UCLA Women’s Gymnastics Team, the best I could do was what other “successful” coaches had done. So, I became tough-talking and mean. I acted like a head coach whose only thought was to figure out how to win.
After putting up with me for a few years, our team asked me for a team meeting. And for over two hours, they gave me examples of how my arrogance ( 傲 慢 ) was hurtful. That was my time-out, and I chose to change. I realized that I needed to support our student athletes as whole human beings, not just athletes who won.
It is so much easier to give orders than to actually figure out how to motivate (激励) someone to be better. And the motivation takes a really long time to take root. The key ingredient was to develop trust through patience and honesty.
Let’s think about what you are talking with your parents on the car ride home. Are they focusing on the end result? Are you excited to use that time to show you are a winner? All of you care too much about the end result instead of your steps of learning.
We are all coaches in some ways. We all have the responsibility to develop champions in life for our world.
That is what real success looks like, and that is what we call a win-win.
30. The underlined phrase “gets swept under the proverbial rug” probably means “________”.
A. catches little attention B. does some harm
C. shows the result D. decides the success
31. The writer mentions his experience as the head coach to show________.
A. it’s difficult to teach athletes how to win
B. how his team won those championships
C. why his team asked him for a meeting
D. motivating others matters more than giving orders
32. Which of the following is a real success according to the writer?
A. A kid who shows the medals and prizes he won to his parents.
B. A player who tries to win a gold medal at the cost of his health.
C. A coach who respects his members even though the team didn’t win.
D. A parent who keeps asking about the grades his kid gets in the exams.
【答案】30. A 31. D 32. C
【解析】本文讲述人们太专注取得胜利的结果而不是过程，作者讲述自己做教练的经历，认为激励人更重要。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“We have become so focused on that end result instead of the process”可知，句子表达太专注取得胜利的结果而不是过程，可知“gets swept under the proverbial rug”表达“忽视，不注意”，相当于“catches little attention”。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“I realized that I needed to support our student athletes as whole human beings, not just athletes who won”及第六段“It is so much easier to give orders than to actually figure out how to motivate someone to be better”可知，作者讲述做教练的经历是为了说明激励他人比命令他人更重要。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“It is so much easier to give orders than to actually figure out how to motivate someone to be better. And the motivation takes a really long time to take root. The key ingredient was to develop trust through patience and honesty”可知激励他人的关键是通过耐心和诚信培养信任感。C选项“一个教练尊重他的队员，即使他们对没有取得胜利”符合。故选C。

【宿迁市2022年中考英语一模试题】
B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
B
Sun bears（马来熊）are the smallest of the world’s eight bear species（物种）. They have a black coat and a white or golden colour on their bodies. Their homes are in the tropical forests（热带雨林）of Southeast Asia. They live in trees and eat both plants and animals. They can grow to be 1.4 meters in height and 65 kilograms in weight. They usually live alone and are happy to spend most of their time by themselves.
Scientists studied sun bears in the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre. They found that although sun bears mostly live alone, they have developed a surprising social skill. They can copy（模仿）other sun bears’ facial expressions（面部表情）as a form of communication. They can even copy exact muscular（肌肉的）movements that other sun bears make—such as making a face.
The ability to copy facial expressions is found in humans, gorillas（大猩猩）, some monkeys and some other animals. But until now, only humans and gorillas have the ability to exactly copy facial expressions. However, scientists found that sun bears can copy facial expressions as well as humans and gorillas. This surprised them because sun bears are alone and they have no close relationship with human beings.
Although they live alone in the wild, the sun bears in the study often played gently with each other. Sometimes they played with faster actions such as hitting and biting. Scientists are still not sure what messages the sun bears were sending to one another.
34. According to the passage, where do sun bears usually live?
A. In caves. B. On the ice. C. By the river. D. In trees.
35. From the passage, we can learn something about sun bears EXCEPT that ________.
A. they like to live alone in the wild and only eat animals
B. they can copy other sun bears’ facial expressions for communication
C. they can copy exact muscular movements of other sun bears
D. they have no close relationship with human beings
36. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. A warm home on the earth B. A brave animal in the forest
C. A new friend of human beings D. A surprising social skill of sun bears
【答案】34. D 35. A 36. D
【解析】本文是科普文，介绍了马来熊的生活习性和惊人技能。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“They live in trees and eat both plants and animals.”可知马来熊生活在树上。故选D。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。通读文章第二、三两段可知，它们能够模仿其他马来熊的脸部表情进行交流和能模仿其它马来熊的肌肉运动，它们与人类没有密切的关系，所以B、C和D在短文中都涉及到了。根据第一段“They live in trees and eat both plants and animals.”可知，选项A是错误的。故选A。
【36题详解】
标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了生活在东南亚热带雨林中的马来熊。根据“They found that although sun bears mostly live alone, they have developed a surprising social skill.”可知，虽然马来熊大多独居，但它们已经发展出一种令人惊讶的社交技能。接着文章介绍了马来熊通过脸部表情进行交流的能力。故选D。

【泰州泰兴市2022年中考英语一模试题】
(C)

Dubai is home to the world’s tallest building and the world’s largest mall. Now it has just opened another record-breaking place—the deepest diving pool in the world. As part of the new Deep Dive Dubai, the pool is 60 meters deep. It has broken the record set by Poland’s Deepspot, which is over 45 meters.
The Deep Dive Dubai pool is filled with 14 million liters (升) of fresh water and is five times bigger than an Olympic swimming pool. Guinness (吉尼斯) gave it the “Deepest Swimming Pool for Diving” title on June 27, 2021. The pool is now open only to invited guests, but will open to the public later this year.
The indoor pool is housed inside a 1, 500-square-meter oyster-shaped (牡蛎形的) building. But the biggest star of Deep Dive Dubai is actually the pool’s underwater city. Divers can visit the lost city apartments and play underwater table football. The pool is also used as an underwater film-making factory—the largest of its kind in the area.
Deep Dive Dubai offers courses for both diving beginners and experienced divers. They can also visit the pool and the underwater city by themselves after a tour with one of the diving guides there. Some cameras have been fixed around the pool to ensure (确保) the safety of divers at every corner.
The oyster-shaped building also has a restaurant with large windows and TV screens, allowing non-diving families and friends to watch from dry land.
“There are quite a few diving pools in the world that are deep, but this one is so much more interesting,” Deep Dive Dubai director Jarrod Jablonski said. “There are so many things so it’s really not fair to call it a pool.”
35. What can we learn about Deep Dive Dubai from Paragraph 2?
A. It is filled with 14 billion liters of fresh water in all.
B. It is not open to the public at present.
C. It is four times bigger than an Olympic swimming pool.
D. It is over 45 meters deeper than Poland’s Deepspot.
36. What is the most eye-catching part of Deep Dive Dubai?
A. The wonderful underwater city.
B. The oyster-shaped building.
C. The underwater film-making factory.
D. The restaurant with windows and TV screens under the water.
37. Why are cameras fixed around the pool?
A. To make some great films. B. To take photos of underwater city.
C. To keep the visitors safe. D. To allow families and friends to watch.
38. What did Jarrod Jablonski think of Deep Dive Dubai?
A. It is the deepest diving pool.
B. It is suitable for diving beginners and experienced divers.
C. It is the least interesting diving pool.
D. It is more than a diving pool.
39. This passage mainly talks about ________.
A. the tallest building in Dubai B. the earliest underwater city in Dubai
C. the deepest diving pool in the world D. the largest restaurant in the world
【答案】35. B 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. C
【解析】本文介绍了位于迪拜的世界上最深的潜水池的一些情况。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The pool is now open only to invited guests, but will open to the public later this year.”可知，潜水池现在还没有对公众开放，故选B。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据“But the biggest star of Deep Dive Dubai is actually the pool’s underwater city.”可知，潜水池最吸引人的是水下城市，故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Some cameras have been fixed around the pool to ensure (确保) the safety of divers at every corner.”可知，周围安装了一些摄像头，以确保每个角落潜水员的安全，故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“ There are quite a few diving pools in the world that are deep, but this one is so much more interesting...There are so many things so it’s really not fair to call it a pool.”可知，Jarrod Jablonski认为迪拜潜水池不仅仅是一个简单的潜水池，故选D。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了位于迪拜的世界上最深的潜水池的一些情况，故选C。

【无锡市滨湖区2022年中考英语一模试题】
B
The Beijing Winter Olympics have attracted attention at home and abroad. While people cheered on the athletes, they were also quickly amazed by the behind-the-scenes teamwork. If you turn the camera to the other side, you will see a group of people working hard in logistical (后勤的) support jobs to help the Winter Olympics.
■Success of the opening ceremony

The opening ceremony was highly praised for its creativity. Through teamwork. guided by the famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou, many directors and staff(员工) created the show together. It took them over two years to prepare for this excellent show.
■Heroes behind-the-scenes

They are the cleaning staff on the U-shaped ice rink. They appear after each game. They have good skiing skills and slide back and forth on the track(赛道) with cleaners. They are the food staff who pay attention to every detail for food safety at 3 a.m. every day. They work in the back kitchen to make sure that everything is safe. They are the medical staff. They are on the sidelines to ensure (确保) the first aid of the athletes when an accident happens. If an athlete is seriously hurt, they will immediately send the athlete to the medical station.
■Words from foreign athletes

“The Beijing Winter Olympic Village is a safe place,” says Australian athlete Jakara Anthony, “This allows us to focus (集中) all our energy on the competition and on the snow track.” Her teammate Britt Cox says the work done by China in ensuring the health and safety of all is admirable. Many foreign athletes who have finished the competition and are about to go home say: “I have started to miss it before I leave.”
■Spirits of winning teamwork

Thanks to the efforts of all, Winter Games displayed a more confident China. Those volunteers who have been working hard and trying their best to make this event perfect are also worthy of a medal. Especially at the time when the whole world is attacked by COVID-19, the winning teamwork is particularly important. They are not on the field, but they still shine.
28. How many kinds of support jobs are mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
29. The writer mentioned Jakara Anthony and Britt Cox to show ________.
A. their wish to stay in Beijing B. their advice on preparation work
C. their confidence in winning games D. their praise for the work done by China
30. What does the passage mainly tell us about the Beijing Winter Olympics?
A. People doing different jobs made it successful.
B. China has become more popular because of it.
C. Its opening ceremony influences many people.
D. Athletes from foreign countries thought highly of it.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍北京冬奥会的相关内容。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“They are the cleaning staff on the U-shaped ice rink.”，“They are the food staff who pay attention to every detail for food safety at 3 a.m. every day.”和“They are the medical staff.”可知，本段介绍了三种支持性工作，故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The Beijing Winter Olympic Village is a safe place”和“This allows us to focus (集中) all our energy on the competition and on the snow track”可知，作者提到二人的话是为了赞扬中国所做的工作，故选D。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“If you turn the camera to the other side, you will see a group of people working hard in logistical (后勤的) support jobs to help the Winter Olympics.’”可知，文章主要介绍了在人们的共同努力和团队合作下，北京冬奥会得以成功举办。故选A。
D


What would naturalist Charles Darwin, author of 1859’s the Origin of Species, think of today’s pioneering evolutionary (进化的) development? Scientists at the University of Vermont (UVM) have just “designed” a living robot made of living cells on a supercomputer, called “xenobots”.
Unlike traditional robots, an xenobot is a very small robot. Its size is currently smaller than a grain of salt. It’s not made of metal, plastic, or other synthetic(人造的) materials. Rather, it is made from living cells taken from an African frog(青蛙). These robots cure themselves after being cut and they are ALIVE! They are living robots!
The purpose of inventing xenobots is to make them improve our lives, especially we want them to solve problems troubling our planet. There are some future uses of xenobots that have been proposed. Let’s look at some of them!
In the future, scientists may develop xenobots to detect and fight cancer. They are tiny and can go through human bodies. When something is wrong with human bodies, they could receive the order to find the problems in the human body and fight diseases or cancers. With these usages, xenobots would become a revolutionary element in the medical field.
These xenobots aren’t just limited to the medical field. They could also become the saviors of our planet! Due to increased industrial activity over the past few decades, the oceans and other water bodies of the planet are being badly polluted, as waste materials from industries and factories are being recklessly poured into the oceans and nearby water bodies. Thus, water bodies are littered with microplastics, which cannot be easily recycled. Xenobots could help. They could collect or even break down(分解) these microplastics in the oceans and other water bodies. They could clean radioactive material in dangerous places.
The technology of such kind of robots improves amazingly with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). However, some people are worrying about the challenges that xenobots would bring. If this technology could maybe be used in a wrong way? What would happen if the technology was used against the international law? Would xenobots finally take place of human beings? While we still don’t have the answer connected to this brand-new technology, one thing is sure: it is here to help us, and it works!
34. What does the underlined word “detect” in Paragraph 4 mean in this passage?
A. Avoid. B. Discover. C. Record. D. Control.
35. Which of the following are mentioned in the passage?
① What xenobots are. ② Why scientists invent xenobots.
③ How xenebots could help ④ What disasters xenobots bring.
A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④
36. What can we learn about xenobots?
A. They are shaped like African frogs. B. They could cure patients of their cancers.
C. They are designed with the help of Darwin. D. They could help fight against water pollution.
37. The writer feels ________ about the future of xenobots.
A. confident B. crazy C. uncertain D. worried
【答案】34 B 35. A 36. D 37. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍xenobot这种机器人。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。分析“In the future, scientists may develop xenobots to detect and fight cancer.”可知，在未来，科学家可能会开发异种机器人来检测和对抗癌症。此处“detect”的意思是检测，故选B。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据“one thing is sure: it is here to help us, and it works!”及文章内容可知，没有提到机器人会带来什么灾难，故选A。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Xenobots could help. They could collect or even break down(分解) these microplastics in the oceans and other water bodies. They could clean radioactive material in dangerous places.”可知，Xenobots会有所帮助，它们甚至可以收集或分解这些在海洋等水体中的塑料微粒，可以在危险的地方清理放射性物质。所以它们可以帮助对抗水污染，故选D。
【37题详解】
观点态度题。根据“one thing is sure: it is here to help us, and it works!”可知，作者认为xenobots是有帮助的，好处很多，所以对xenobots的未来持自信的态度，故选A。

【徐州市树人初级中学2022年中考英语一模试题】
C
There are over 800 boarding (寄宿) schools in the UK with students from home and foreign countries. Boarding schools started hundreds of years ago in the country. But the earliest boarding schools were set up for white, rich boys only. Now both boys and girls can go to boarding schools from the age of 7 to 18.
What to do
In the UK, boarding schools have three terms in a school year, with about 13 weeks in each term. Students study and live together. They can’t go outside if they are not allowed to. In some schools, each student has his or her subject plan. Besides the usual classrooms and laboratories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, boats, swimming pools, cinemas and theatres. Most boarding schools have a “light out” time. So when it’s time to go to bed, all the lights in the bedrooms are turned off. There are house-masters to take care of students all the time, especially after school hours.
What to wear
Nearly all students at boarding schools wear a school uniform. Boys usually wear a shirt and a tie, and girls wear a white blouse, sometimes also a tie and a skirt. As students get older, the rules become less strict.

In the UK, boarding schools provide students with delicious food. They can choose to have a full English breakfast or simply bread. They can also choose between a meal with no meat and another meal at lunch and dinner. And there is always self-service for salad (沙拉), other dishes and a dessert. Students can also make themselves something to eat at any time in a kitchen, or drink tea or have a snack between meals.
38. How long is each term in the boarding schools?
A. For about three months. B. For thirty-nine weeks.
C. For half a year. D. For about a year.
39. The underlined word “facilities” means _________.
A. 教师 B. 设施 C. 活动 D. 课程
40. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? _________.
A. Only white children were allowed to attend the earliest boarding schools.
B. Students in a boarding school are looked after only after school hours.
C. As students get older, the rules about wearing school uniforms become stricter.
D. Students can have different activities in a boarding school.
41. Which is the best title for the last paragraph? _________.
A. What to eat B. When to eat C. Where to eat D. How to eat
【答案】38. A 39. B 40. D 41. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了关于英国寄宿学校的一些事情。文章从在寄宿学校做什么、穿什么、吃什么这三方面而展开，比较全面的介绍了英国大多数寄宿学校的校园生活。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In the UK, boarding schools have three terms in a school year, with about 13 weeks in each term.”可知，一个学期大约13周时间，相当于三个月左右。故选A。
【39题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“including music rooms, boats, swimming pools, cinemas and theatres.”可知，以上都是学校所提供的一些设施。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Besides the usual classrooms and laboratories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, boats, swimming pools, cinemas and theatres.”可知，学生在寄宿制学校里可以参加不同的活动。故选D。
【41题详解】
最佳标题题。根据最后一段“In the UK, boarding schools provide students with delicious food.”可知，最后一段主要讲在寄宿制学校学生可以吃到什么食物。故选A。
D
Researchers have announced（宣布）the result of two studies on the health effects of the drug aspirin（阿斯匹林）. One study shows aspirin can sharply reduce the chance that a healthy, older man will suffer from a heart attack（心脏病）.
The study offered two new results from earlier findings. It said taking one aspirin pill every other day helped only healthy men over the age of fifty. It also said aspirin gave the greatest protection against heart attacks to men with low blood cholesterol（胆固醇）levels.
Earlier in the United States began a major aspirin study in the early 1980s. It included 22,000 healthy men doctors. All were between the ages of fifty and eighty-four. Almost 11,000 of the doctors took a harmless（无害的）pill that contained no drug. The men did not know which kind of pill they were taking.
The doctors who took aspirin suffered 44% fewer heart attacks than those taking the harmless pill. 139 men who took aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Ten of them died. 239 men who did not take aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Twenty-six of them died.
The researchers said the doctors’ study provided clear proof（证据）that taking aspirin could prevent a first heart attack in healthy, older men. They said, however, the result did not mean every man over the age of fifty should take aspirin. They said aspirin couldn’t help men who did not eat healthy foods, who smoked cigarettes and who were fat. The researchers said men who thought they would be helped by taking aspirin should talk with their doctors first.
42. The passage tells us that the new use of aspirin is ______.
A. to treat heart disease
B. to reduce pain while one suffers from a heart attack
C. to help old people to be more healthy
D. to reduce the chance of a heart attack in old men
43. Aspirin can help those who ______.
A. work as doctors B. are under 40 years old
C. are fat and smoke cigarettes D. are older and healthy
44. At last the researchers advised us to take aspirin ______.
A. with care B. as much as we like
C. every day D. only considering the age
45. From the experiment we can know that about ______ of people who suffered from heart attacks without aspirin died.
A. 7% B. 11% C. 19% D. 44%
【答案】42. D 43. D 44. A 45. B
【解析】本文介绍了科学家对阿斯匹林研究成果。实验表明，阿斯匹林可以预防或削弱老年人患心脏病的危险，但实际的效果和服用者的饮食有一定的关系。研究人员说，服用可药品要遵医嘱。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据“…sharply reduce the chance that a healthy, older man will suffer from a heart attack.”可知，阿司匹林能够降低老年人心脏病发作的几率。故选D。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据“…reduce the chance that a healthy, older man will suffer from a heart attack.”可知，阿司匹林能够帮助那些年老、健康的人。故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The researchers said men who thought they would be helped by taking aspirin should talk with their doctors first.”和文章最后一段内容可知，尽管的这种新用途对病人很有帮助，但患者在使用时必须格外小心，一定要严遵医嘱。故选A。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据“239 men who did not take aspirin suffer red from heart attacks. Twenty-six of them died.”可知，在没有服用阿司匹林的心脏病患者中，约有26÷239×100%≈11%的人死亡。故选B。


【盐城市2022年中考英语一模试题】
B
①. The beginnings of life provide scientists with some of the most difficult questions of modern science. Our knowledge of the development of cells, from which all forms of life are made, is not complete because we do not understand very well the conditions on our planet four billion years ago. Why and how did cells first appear? Was this very probable to happen under the conditions then? Might this happen in other places in the universe?
②. A group of scientists at University College London are trying to answer these questions. They started by studying the ways in which the first cells on the Earth might have been formed. Next they will use a powerful new telescope to look at places far away in the universe. The scientists hope that the results will improve our understanding of the development of life on the Earth and help us to find similar conditions for life development on other planets.
③. Dr. Nick Lane, who is in charge of(负责) the University College London team, has suggested that 4 billion years ago warm water springs(泉) on the floor of the Earth’s ocean might have helped to create life. Each spring consists of tiny connected holes that water passes through. The team has created models of these springs with these holes in their lab. They have found that they encourage chemical reactions between hydrogen(氢) in the liquids that come out of them and the carbon dioxide in the sea water.
④. These building blocks are not living themselves, but when there are enough of them joined together in the right way, they can make living things. Water in the system of springs moves the building blocks around until there are a lot of them in a small area. Things that look very much like real living cells can be made in this way.
34. About ________ years ago, different forms of life first appeared on the Earth according to the passage.
A. forty million B. four billion C. five million D. ten billion
35 What does the underlined phrase “consists of” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. is made up of B. is proud of C. is satisfied with D. is famous for
36. It is better to put “These chemical reactions can create the ‘building blocks’ of life.” in ________.
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
【答案】34. B 35. A 36. D
【解析】本文主要讲述了细胞最初是如何出现的。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“ Dr. Nick Lane, who is in charge of(负责) the University College London team, has suggested that 4 billion years ago warm water springs(泉) on the floor of the Earth’s ocean might have helped to create life.”可知，40亿年前，地球海洋底部的温水泉可能帮助创造了生命，不同的生命形式首次出现在地球上，故选B。
【35题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“Each spring consists of tiny connected holes that water passes through.”可知，每一个泉水都由微小的连通孔组成，水可以通过这些孔流过，因此“consists of”与“is made up of”意思相同，故选A。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据“They have found that they encourage chemical reactions between hydrogen(氢) in the liquids that come out of them and the carbon dioxide in the sea water.”和“These building blocks are not living themselves, but when there are enough of them joined together in the right way, they can make living things”可知，第三段末尾提到了化学反应，而第四段提到了“building blocks”，因此“These chemical reactions can create the ‘building blocks’ of life.”放在第四段，引起下文，故选D。
C
The Long March 5 Y3 is China's strongest rocket. China's biggest and most powerful rocket rose into space on Dec 27, 2019. The Long March 5 finished its task at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan.
The 57-meter-tall rocket, known as the Long March 5 Y3, is the tallest, strongest and most technologically sophisticated (技术复杂的) rocket in China. Since it is much bigger than China's other Long March rockets, people call it "Fat 5". The rocket is able to carry spacecraft (航天器) weighing up to 25 tons—about the weight of 16 midsize cars—into low-Earth orbit (近地轨道), China Daily reported. This payload capacity (有效载荷) is about 2.5 times greater than that of any other Chinese rocket. During December, the Long March 5 successfully sent the Shijiao 20 experimental satellite (卫星) into orbit. At more than 8 tons, it is the heaviest and most advanced communications satellite built by China.
The task also tested key technologies that will be used to take the Chang'e 5 probe (探测器) to the moon, according to the China National Space Administration.
The success of the Long March 5 was hard-earned. The rockets first sending was carried out in November 2016 at the Wenchang center. A second task took place in July 2017 at the same site, but failed to send a satellite into orbit. According to project leaders, in the two years since that failure, the rocket's research team held more than 600 meetings and carried out at least 1,000 experiments and tests.
"Compared with the Long March 5 Y2 that was used in the failed second task, the new one has about 200 technical improvements, including changes to the engine design." Li Dong, the rocket's designer, said to China Daily.
The future tasks of the Long March 5 will include a trip to Mars, taking back moon samples (样本), and placing parts of a manned space station into orbit.
37. What do we know about the Long March 5?
A. It was sent at the start of 2019. B. It was sent in Xichang.
C. It is the tallest rocket in the world. D. It is the biggest Long March rocket.
38. What is the payload capacity of other Chinese rockets?
A. About 2.5 tons. B. About 10 tons. C. About 25 tons. D. About 63 tons.
39. The Long March 5 was used to __________.
A. improve satellite engineering technologies B. send China’s heaviest satellite into orbit
C. take the Chang'e 5 probe to the moon D. send a manned space station into orbit
40. What is the last paragraph about?
A. When the Long March 5 will stop working.
B. How China's space station will be built.
C. What the Long March 5 will be used for in the future.
D. What China's space exploration will focus on in the future
【答案】37. D 38. B 39. B 40. C
【解析】
【分析】本文介绍了中国最大、最强、技术含量最高的火箭“长征五号Y3”。长征五号火箭于12月成功地将石角20号实验卫星送入轨道，未来它还将被广泛运用于航天领域。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Since it is much bigger than China's other Long March rockets...”可知，长征五号Y3比中国其他长征五号火箭都大，所以长征五号Y3是中国最大的长征五号火箭，故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The rocket is able to carry spacecraft (航天器) weighing up to 25 tons...”可知，长征五号Y3 最大载荷是25吨；根据“This payload capacity (有效载荷) is about 2.5 times greater than that of any other Chinese rocket.”可知，长征五号Y3的有效载荷能力大约是中国其他火箭的2.5倍，所以中国其他火箭的载荷是10吨，故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“During December, the Long March 5 successfully sent the Shijiao 20 experimental satellite (卫星) into orbit. At more than 8 tons, it is the heaviest and most advanced communications satellite built by China.”可知，长征五号成功地将中国建造的最重、最先进的通信卫星“石角20号”送入轨道，选项B“把中国最重的卫星送入轨道”符合长征五号的任务内容，故选B。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“The future tasks of the Long March 5 will include ...”可知，最后一段的主要内容是介绍长征五号未来的任务，故选C。

【扬州市树人学校2022年中考英语一模试题】
A
A man fell out of his plane and fell back into it again. Two people rowed a small boat from New York to England in 56 days. One person was so big that he wouldn’t fit in any hospital room. Would you believe these stories? Well, they may sound strange, but they did happen. James Cornell has more strange but true stories like these in a book called Very Strange People.
Here is part of the contents (目录) of Very Strange People. The contents lists the names of the chapters (章) or parts of the book. It also tells on what page each chapter begins.
Chapter Page
One A Dog ‘s Life.................... .................... .................... .......... 3
Two A Lucky Pilot (飞机师)........ .......... .................... ..............14
Three High Wire Act(走钢丝) .................... .................... ............33
Four Fat Men.................... .................... .................... ................ 41
Five Over the Falls.................... .................... .................... ........43
Six A House without an end.................... .................... ............ 53
Seven Row, Row, Row Your Boat.................... .................... .........60
Eight The Tower Builder.................... .................... .................... .85
31. One morning in New York City, people saw a man walking on a rope between two tall buildings. You may read this story in Chapter ________.
A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6
32 Sarah thought she would die as soon as her house was finished. So she kept on adding more and more rooms. Her story may appear on Page ________.
A. 6 B. 8 C. 53 D. 85
33. In Chapter 4, Robert could not enter any hospital room because of ________.
A. his illness B. his height C. his friend D. his size
【31~33题答案】
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一本书。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Three High Wire Act(走钢丝) ”可知，你可以在第三章看到一个人走在两栋高楼之间的绳子上。故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Six A House without an end”可知，萨拉以为房子一完工她就会死去。所以她继续增加更多的房间这个故事可能出现在53页，故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Four Fat Men”可知，罗伯特可能会因为身材大小而进不了房间，故选D。

【镇江市2022年中考英语一模试题】
B
In order to push students to study at home as efficiently (有效地) as they do in the classroom, one school in Shijiazhuang has required that students should attend their online courses in their school uniforms and that teachers should also, give their lessons while wearing formal clothing. As soon as this rule was announced, it caused a heated argument .
On the one hand, wearing proper clothing can help improve students’ sense of formality (仪式感) in their online classes, so making them more attentive. If all of them were dressed in their pyjamas (睡衣) at their schools, the quality of the lessons will perhaps decline (下降) as teenagers might easily become absent-minded and even feel sleepy. Therefore, the act of putting on one’s uniform while attending online classes can perhaps be quite effective as subconscious (潜意识的) reminder that they are students.
The other viewpoint is that students’ learning is their own business: Sooner or later they should be tasked with the responsibility of their own self-control. Therefore, taking online courses at home is the best chance for them to develop their ability of learning by themselves and good learning habits. The effect depends on their own self-discipline (自律), so the argument about what kind of clothes they are dressed in shouldn’t really be relevant.
To sum up, when we are studying at home on computers, it is both our sense of self-control and formality that can improve our studies. So it’s a matter of personal preference—You can wear a school uniform if it is of use to your own sense of learning and discipline, otherwise, you shouldn’t be required to show unwilling respect for your teachers and school by being forced to wear a uniform.
29. Which is the reason why people support wearing school uniforms while attending online courses ?
A. Students don’t have formal clothing except school uniforms.
B. Online classes will make students absent-minded and even feel sleepy.
C. School uniforms can subconsciously remind students to study effectively.
D. If students wear informal clothes in class, teachers can’t ensure the quality of lessons.
30. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The importance of self-discipline.
B. The comparison between school uniforms and informal clothes.
C. The argument about what kind of clothes students should wear.
D. The reason why students don’t have to wear school uniforms at home.
31. What can we infer about the author from the passage?
A. The author insists on forcing students to wear uniforms.
B. The author thinks it up to students whether to wear school uniforms at home.
C. The author thinks it unnecessary for students to wear school uniforms at home.
D. The author supports students to wear school uniforms while attending online courses.
【答案】29. C 30. A 31. B
【解析】本文主要讲述了为了推动学生在家学习和在课堂上一样高效，石家庄的一所学校要求学生穿着校服参加在线课程，教师也应穿着正式服装上课。对此不同的人有不同的看法。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Therefore, the act of putting on one’s uniform while attending online classes can perhaps be quite effective as subconscious (潜意识的) reminder that they are students.”可知校服可以在潜意识里提醒学生有效学习。故选C。
【30题详解】
段落大意题。根据“The effect depends on their own self-discipline (自律), so the argument about what kind of clothes they are dressed in shouldn’t really be relevant.”可知第三段说的是自律的重要性，故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据“So it’s a matter of personal preference—You can wear a school uniform if it is of use to your own sense of learning and discipline, otherwise, you shouldn’t be required to show unwilling respect for your teachers and school by being forced to wear a uniform.”（因此，这是个人偏好的问题。如果校服对你自己的学习和纪律感有用，你可以穿校服，否则，你不应该被迫穿校服来表达对老师和学校的不情愿的尊重。）可知作者对学生在家是否穿校服提出了自己的看法。故选B。

【宜兴市树人中学2022年中考英语一模试题】
D
Most architects (建筑师) hope to add to the character of a city, but Ieoh Ming Pei, one of the world’s best known architects, designs many iconic (符号的) buildings in cities around the world. The JFK President Library in Boston, US (1979), the Louvre Pyramid in Paris (1989), the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong (1990) and the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar (2008), are just a few of his many creations.
The man behind these landmark buildings died on May 16, at age 102.
Pei once noted that a typical style of design “is of no help to an architect”. Instead, he was known for his eclectic (兼收并蓄的) style, bringing together seemingly opposite ideas into each design—East and West, ancient and modem, natural and manmade.
This may come from his education. Born and raised in China, he went to the US to study architecture at 18. He studied at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and then completed his Master of Arts study at Harvard. “I’ve never left China,” the Chinese-American Pei once told The Financial Times. “My family’s been there for 600 years.” Pei tried to include local and historical ideas in his designs. When designing the Suzhou Museum in the 2000s, he took new ideas from the city’s beautiful classical gardens. Instead of building a giant to overshadow (使……失色) them, Pei built small halls with traditional white walls and dark roofs, in the style of other gardens.
Besides matching his design to the local surroundings, Pei also thought that light was a key factor to creating a lively atmosphere (氛围). He cares a lot about sunshine in his designs.
The glass pyramid of the Louvre Museum in Paris is a good example. It doesn’t hide the buildings around it. Instead, it reflects (映照) them in the sunlight. It also serves as a huge window, letting sunlight into the museum. Today, many people visit the Louvre and take photos of the pyramid.
In the end, what Pei valued most in architecture, he said, was that the buildings could “stand the test of time”. As The New York Times sums up, he didn’t just want to solve problems but also to produce “an architecture of ideas”.
54. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Pei’s historical ideas. B. Pei’s western ideas. C. Pei’s modern style. D. Pei’s eclectic style.
55. Which of the following descriptions about Pei’s designs is NOT right?
A. Pei is good at putting different ideas into his designs.
B. All the buildings Pei designed are full of sunlight.
C. The buildings Pei designed have a lasting value.
D. The buildings Pei designed are a good match for the surroundings.
56. What kind of person is Pei according to the passage?
A. Hard-working and modest. B. Modest and creative.
C. Creative and thoughtful. D. Thoughtful and hard-working.
57. What’s the best title of this passage?
A. Pei’s Career Life B. Pei’s Design Ideas
C. Pei’s Works Will Live On D. Pei’s Typical Style of Design
【答案】54. D 55. B 56. C 57. C
【解析】本文介绍了世界上最著名的建筑师之一贝聿铭的一些个人情况以及有关他的设计的情况。
【54题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Instead, he was known for his eclectic (兼收并蓄的) style, bringing together seemingly opposite ideas into each design—East and West, ancient and modem, natural and manmade. This may come from his education.”可知，贝聿铭以兼收并蓄的风格而闻名，他的这种设计风格可能来源于他的教育，所以“this”指代的是“他的兼收并蓄的风格”，故选D。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Pei also thought that light was a key factor to creating a lively atmosphere (氛围). He cares a lot about sunshine in his designs.”可知，贝聿铭还认为光线是营造生动氛围的关键因素。他在设计中非常注重阳光，而并不代表他的所有的设计的建筑都充满了阳光，故选B。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Instead, he was known for his eclectic (兼收并蓄的) style...natural and manmade.”以及“When designing the Suzhou Museum in the 2000s...in the style of other gardens.”可知，贝聿铭是一个有创造性且缜密思考的人，故选C。
【57题详解】
最佳标题题。根据“In the end...he didn’t just want to solve problems but also to produce “an architecture of ideas”.”及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍了最著名的建筑师之一贝聿铭的一些设计风格和设计理念深受人们的喜欢，所以C选项“贝聿铭的作品将永存”符合，故选C。

【无锡市锡山高级中学实验学校2022年中考英语一模试题】
C
Education appears to protect older adults especially women, against memory loss, according to a study by researchers Georgetown University Medical Centre.
The study tested declarative memory (陈述性记忆) in 704 older adults (58-98 years of age). Declarative memory refers to our ability to remember events, facts and words, such as where you put your keys or the name of that new neighbour. The researchers found that their memory performance became worse with aging. However, more years of early-life education countered these losses, especially in women.
For example, the declarative memory abilities of an 80-year-old woman with a bachelor’s degree (学士学位) would be as good as those of a 60-year-old woman with a high school education. So, four extra years of education make up for the memory losses from 20 years of aging.
“Simply said learning brings about learning,” says the study’s senior researcher, Michael Ullman. “Since learning new information in declarative memory is easier if it is connected with knowledge we already have, more knowledge from more education should result in better memory abilities, even years later.” adds the study’s lead author, Jana Reifegerste.
“Evidence suggests that girls often have better declarative memory than boys, so education may lead to greater knowledge gains in girls,” says Ullman. “Education may bring advantages to memory abilities in women, even years later in old age.”
“These findings may be important, especially considering the rapidly aging population,” Reifegerste says. “The results argue for further efforts to increase chances of receiving education.”
“Education has also been found to slow down the beginning of Alzheimer’s disease,” Ullman says. “We believe that our findings may explain why this happens.”
30. The underlined “counter” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. cancel B. change C. produce D. reduce
31. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. New information. B. Declarative memory. C. More education. D. Better memory ability.
32. The research findings may help ________.
A. slow down the process of aging
B. push for the development of education
C. make progress in the study of Alzheimer disease
D. fight for the equal rights of women’s education
33. The passage mainly talks about that ________.
A. declarative memory abilities fail with aging
B. women should try to get a bachelor’s degree
C. learning often helps improve old adults’ memory
D. early-life education helps prevent memory loss in old age
【答案】30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D
【解析】本文主要介绍了一项研究表明，教育似乎能保护老年人，尤其是女性，防止记忆力减退，文中详细地介绍了这一研究的过程，以及研究发现教育对于延缓衰老与疾病发生的益处。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“For example, the declarative memory abilities of an 80-year-old woman with a bachelor’s degree (学士学位) would be as good as those of a 60-year-old woman with a high school education”可知，此处举例说明教育可以减少记忆能力的衰退，所以countered表示“减少”，与“reduce”同义，故选D。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Since learning new information in declarative memory is easier if it is connected with knowledge we already have”可知，新学到的信息和原有的知识有关，那么学起来会更容易，所以it指代的是“New information”，故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Education has also been found to slow down the beginning of Alzheimer’s disease”可知，研究结果可能有助于推进对阿尔茨海默病的研究，故选C。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是早期生活教育有助于防止老年失忆，故选D。
D

Just as music and TV, the video game industry has its big-name players. Tetris is such a form of entertainment that shows no signs of stopping up to now.
Tetris is played in what’s called a Matrix — an empty rectangle on a screen. Shapes (each is made up of four equal squares), called Tetriminos, fall into the Matrix. It’s the player’s job to place each Tetrimino so that it forms an unbroken horizontalline (水平线) with other shapes. A Tetromino can be spun or moved horizontally, but can’t be flipped (翻折). When a straight line is formed, the squares in the line disappear and the player will be rewarded. The garne ends when the Tetriminos pile up and reach the top of the Matrix. It becomes difficult because the shapes fall faster the longer you play.
Tetris is one of the best-selling video games of all time. Have you ever wondered who invented it? The game was created by a Russian computer engineer named Alexey Pajitnov in 1984. He was inspired (启发) by his favorite board game Pentominos and he designed the game just for fun.
The game became popular almost as soon as it hit the market. In 1996, Pajitnov set up the Tetris Company. When it started as a basic computer game, Tetris quickly spread to other platforms. It was one of the most often played games on Nintendo’s Game Boy.
Tetris was also the first video game played in space. In 1993, Russian Aleksandr Serebrov played the game on his Game Boy while he was on a rocket. Since then, Tetris has been one of the most popular games among kids and adults alike.
Tetris may be quite fun. ①In a 2009 study, kids played Tetris daily for about 30 minutes over the course of three months. ②The game has also been used to help treat PTSD patients. ③This led to growth in parts of their brains. ④ But it’s also been shown to have an active influence on the brain.
Many people enjoy playing Tetris, but some have a difficult time putting the game down. They spend so much time playing Tetris that they see Tetriminos falling in their dreams. Some even report hallucinations (幻觉). This is called the “Tetris Effect”. Since it has certain side effect, just make sure you play with adults’ allowance!
34. According to the passage, which of the following can be an S-Tetrimino?
A. B. C. D.
35. Which of the following shows the right order of Paragraph 6?
A. ④①③② B. ④②③① C. ②④①③ D. ②①④③
36. What can we learn about Tetris?
A. It became the hugely popular game after it was taken into space in 1993.
B. It will forever be a part of the entertainment landscape just as music and TV.
C. It has been around for years, and seems to keep the quality it’s had since day one.
D. It is a video game that players can control the shapes and guide them into place easily.
37. The writing purpose of this passage is ________.
A. to explain the advantages of a game B. to introduce a popular single player game
C. to show how to play a game really well D. to describe the special history of a game
【答案】34. C 35. A 36. C 37. B
【解析】本文介绍了“俄罗斯方块”这款游戏的由来、受欢迎的原因及它所产生的负面影响。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Shapes (each is made up of four equal squares), called Tetriminos, fall into the Matrix.”可知每个形状都由四个方块组成，排除AB；C项是S型。故选C。
【35题详解】
排序题。根据“Tetris may be quite fun.”可知介绍游戏好的一面，④“但它也被证明对大脑有积极的影响。”置于其后，紧接着举例证明这种影响，①“在2009年的一项研究中，孩子们在三个月的时间里每天玩大约30分钟的俄罗斯方块。”置于④后，接着描述每天玩30分钟俄罗斯方块对孩子们大脑有何影响，③“这导致了他们大脑部分区域的生长。”置于①后；最后用②“这款游戏也被用来帮助治疗创伤后应激障碍患者。”介绍这款游戏的应用领域。故选A。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Tetris is such a form of entertainment that shows no signs of stopping up to now.”及“Tetris is one of the best-selling video games of all time.”可知这款游戏存在了很多年且似乎保持了它从第一天开始的质量，所以深受大众喜爱。故选C。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。本文介绍了“俄罗斯方块”这款游戏的由来、受欢迎的原因及它所产生的负面影响。由此可知写这篇文章的目的是介绍“俄罗斯方块”这款流行的单人游戏。故选B。

【泰州市姜堰区2022年中考英语一模试题】
B


Wang Shuang, Football player
Wang Shuang was born in 1995. She played an important role in winning South Korea’s national football team, helping China get a ticket to Tokyo 2020 Olympics.


Zhu Ting, Volleyball player
Zhu Ting is famous in Chinese sport right now. The 28-year-old is the captain of China’s women’s volleyball team and became MVP at Rio 2016 Olympics.


Li Na, Tennis player
Li Na, now in her thirties, used to be a Chinese tennis player. During her career, Li won nine WTA Tour singles titles including two Grand Slam singles titles in 2011 and 2014.


Gu Ailing, Free skier
Gu Ailing, 18-year-old Chinese player, has just made free skiing history. Within two days, she won two gold medals for China at the same world championship.
31. Who is the youngest player in the passage?
A. Wang Shuang. B. Zhu Ting. C. Li Na. D. Gu Ailing.
32. Li Na, who won nine WT A Tour singles titles, does well in ________.
A. playing football B. playing volleyball C. playing tennis D. playing skiing
33. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Li Na won nine WTA Tour doubles titles in 2011.
B. Zhu Ting became MVP at the world championship.
C. Wang Shuang has helped China enter the Olympics.
D. Gu Ailing won two gold medals on the same day at the age of 18.
34. The best title for the passage is “________”.
A. Four sports events B. Excellent women athletes
C. Four Chinese women D. Exciting sports moments
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. C 34. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四名中国的女性运动选手和她们所取得的的成就。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Wang Shuang was born in 1995.”可知，王霜27岁。根据“The 28-year-old is the captain of China’s women’s volleyball team.”可知，朱婷28岁。根据“Li Na，now in her thirties．”可知，李娜现在三十多岁。根据“Gu Ailing,18-year-old Chinese player, has just made free skiing history.”可知，谷爱凌18岁，年龄最小。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Li Na, now in her thirties, used to be a Chinese tennis player.”可知，李娜网球打得很好。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据“She played an important role in winning South Korea’s national football team, helping China get a ticket to Tokyo 2020 Olympics.”可知，王霜帮助中国足球队踢进了奥运会，故选C。
【34题详解】
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了四名女性运动员的成就，故选B。
D
It’s been over a year since COVID-19 first appeared and the virus continues to be a problem in many parts of the world,scientists have realized the development of vaccines (疫苗) is a solution to the pandemic. A global effort to vaccinate as many people as possible would be needed, since vaccines typically take years to develop.
On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department. However, these vaccines must be stored at very low temperatures, which is not possible everywhere. In response, Chinese companies like Sinopharm and Sinovac have developed vaccines that can be kept at normal temperatures.
Now, vaccines are being rolled out all over the world, with millions of people being vaccinated every day. In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far. Meanwhile, the US has given out 247 million doses. The UK now stands at 50 million doses.
Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading. The world has come to understand that the vaccines will protect us. Therefore, sharing vaccines has become a key factor of staying safe and healthy worldwide.
Unfortunately, not everyone can get the vaccine yet. Children below the age of 16 can’t be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them. Those who have a history of vaccine allergies (过敏) shouldn’t get it, either.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
40. The vaccine developed by ________ cannot be stored at normal temperatures.
A. UK health department B. Sinopharm
C. Sinovac D. Pfizer
41. According to the passage, ________ million vaccine doses had been given so far in China.
A. 50 B. 247 C. 285 D. 582
42. In paragraph 4, the underlined word ‘‘rumors” probably means ________.
A. 谎言 B. 谣言 C. 建议 D. 骗局
43. The purpose for vaccinating as many people as possible is to ________.
A. build mass immunity B. share the vaccines
C. develop vaccines quickly D. get everyone vaccinated
44. In paragraph 5, the word “they”, in the underlined sentence refers to ________.
A. children B. companies C. vaccines D. experts
【答案】40. D 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C
【解析】本文主要介绍为了解决新冠肺炎病毒的传播，人们陆续意识到接种疫苗的重要性，本文主要以数据来说明接种疫苗的普遍性，以及不能接种疫苗的人群有哪些。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“On Dec 2, 2020, the first COVID vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, was approved (批准) by UK health department”可知，由辉瑞疫苗研制的疫苗不能在正常温度中储存，故选D。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In China, 285 million vaccine doses (剂量) had been given so far”可知，到目前为止，中国共接种了2.85亿剂疫苗，故选C。
【42题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Although there have been rumors about vaccines being unsafe, most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，尽管还有很多关于疫苗不安全的谣言，但是大部分人们已经意识到接种疫苗的重要性，所以rumors表示“谣言”，故选B。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据“most of people seem to realize the importance of vaccination for building mass immunity (群体免疫) in order to stop the virus from spreading”可知，让尽可能多的人接种疫苗的目的是建立群体免疫，故选A。
【44题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Children below the age of 16 can’t be vaccinated because they have not yet been tested on them”可知，此处指这些疫苗还没有在16岁以下孩子身上测试过，所以they指代“疫苗”，故选C。

【苏州市吴中、吴江、相城区2022年中考英语一模试题】
A
The two mascots (吉祥物) for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games-Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon have gained worldwide popularity for their outlook and special meanings.
One mascot for Beijing 2022 is a giant panda with a suit of ice, a love of winter sports, and a heart of gold! It is designed in 3D and looks like an astronaut. It wears an ice shell (冰壳) and looks fat. “Bing” means ice in Chinese, representing purity and strength, while “Dwen Dwen” means health and vitality (活力), and symbolizes the strong body.


The design for Bing Dwen Dwen was chosen from over 5, 800 submissions (提交) from China and 35 countries around the world as part of a global competition arranged by the Beijing 2022 Organising Committee.
Another mascot “Shuey Rhon Rhon” is a Chinese lantern child. When the Chinese New Year comes, people always make or buy red lanterns. Red is the colour of hope and good luck, so people think their dreams will come true in the new year. “Shuey Rhon Rhon” can give players hope and help them do well in the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games.
21. Bing Dwen Dwen has special meanings except _________.
A. energy B. purity C. health D. strength
22. Why do people make or buy red lanterns when the Chinese New Year comes?
A. Because it is easy to make red lanterns.
B. Because “Shuey Rhou Rhon” is a mascot.
C. Because people think red lanterns are very lovely.
D. Because people think red lanterns can bring good luck.
23. From the passage, we can learn _________.
A. China arranged the national competition for designing mascots
B. “Bing Dwen Dwen” can skate very well
C. “Shuey Rhon Rhon” likes ice sports and is good at them
D. the two mascots are very popular around the world
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2022年冬奥会的吉祥物——冰墩墩和雪容融。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“‘Bing’ means ice in Chinese, representing purity and strength, while ‘Dwen Dwen’ means health and vitality (活力), and symbolizes the strong body.”可知，“Bing”在中国意味着冰，代表纯洁和力量，而“Dwen Dwen”意味着健康和活力，象征着强壮的身体。文章并未提及“energy”。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Red is the colour of hope and good luck, so people think their dreams will come true in the new year.”可知，红色是希望和好运的颜色，所以人们认为他们的梦想会在新的一年实现。可见，人们买红灯笼是希望它能带来好运。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The two mascots (吉祥物) for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games-Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon have gained worldwide popularity for their outlook and special meanings.”可知，两个吉祥物获得了全球流行由于它们的外观和特殊意义，可见它们在全世界都很受欢迎。故选D。
D


At 00: 23 on Oct 16, 2021, the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft rose into the sky from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu. Three Chinese astronauts- Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu—set off for the Tiangong space station.
The spacecraft successfully docked (对接) with the space station coremodule Tianhe. The Chinese astronauts will stay in space for six months, carrying out the longest-ever space mission (使命).
Shenzh ou XIII is the fourth spacecraft to visit the Tiangong station and the second manned ship to transport astronauts to the orbiting outpost (轨道位置). Before it, Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft was launched on June 17, carrying three astronauts — Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo. They stayed in the space station for three months and returned to Earth on Sept 17.
The Shenzhou XIII astronauts have a wide range of assignments, such as doing medical experiments, setting up robotic (机械的) arms and checking the devices(设备) inside the station. They have performed two space walks to work outside the station – one was on Nov 7, with Wang becoming China's first female spacewalker, while the other was on Dec. 26.
The mission is a valuable opportunity because it allows the astronauts to carry out in-orbit experiments that take a lot of time and manual work.
The Shenzhou XIII mission has fueled (点燃) teenagers’ passion for space exploration as well. On Dec9, the astronauts gave a science lecture to millions of students on Earth. They showed the kids their space life and did some fun science experiments. For example, Wang made a water ball to show that water in space is different from that on Earth. It will not flow downward if you try to pour it into a cup.
Denis Simon, the director of the Center for Innovation Policy at Duke University in the US, told Xinhua that China’s success in space continues to be impressive. “China is now well on its way to being a leader in space exploration,”he said.
30. What do we know about the mission of Shenzhou XIII?
A. It has the most astronauts ever sent into space.
B. It is the longest-ever space mission by Chinese astronauts.
C. It is the first mission to send astronauts to an orbiting outpost.
D. The spacecraft the first one to visit the Tiangong space station.
31. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The tasks for Shenzhou XIII astronauts.
B. The men who are spacewalkers.
C. Devices astronauts used to finish their tasks.
D. Time when the space walks were performed.
32. What does Denis Simon mean in the last paragraph?
A. There will be more success in space exploration around the world.
B. Cooperation between China and the US is going well.
C. China has done a great job in space exploration.
D. China has followed the laws of space exploration.
【答案】30. B 31. A 32. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国载人飞船神舟十三号的发射背景、主要任务以及重大意义。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“ The Chinese astronauts will stay in space for six months, carrying out the longest-ever space mission (使命).”可知，中国航天员将在太空执行最长的任务。故选B。
【31题详解】
段落大意题。根据第四段首句“The Shenzhou XIII astronauts have a wide range of assignments,”可知，本段主要是写神舟十三号宇航员的任务。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“China is now well on its way to being a leader in space exploration,”可以推断出中国在太空探索中已经做得很好了。故选C。