人教版 (2019)选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture导学案

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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture导学案，共4页。

Topic: American Food Culture

What do you KNOW about American food culture?

What do you WANT to know about American food culture?

A Bite of America

If you have seen the popular documentary (纪录片) , A Bite of China, then you’ll have an idea of what it’s like to take a bite of Chinese food culture. But do you know what it’s like to have a bite of America?

The first difference from China can be summed up in the word “money”. Always remember to give tips when you eat out in America. In most Chinese restaurants, you do not tip the waiters and waitresses. But in America, not tipping is considered rude. Last summer in the U.S, we paid as much as 15 percent in tips in some restaurants. It seems high, but this tip rate (比率) is quite normal.

Besides, in the United States, it is considered polite for a restaurant to serve all dishes at once so everyone eats their own dish at the same time. In China, dishes are served as soon as they are finished to maximize (最大化) efficiency (效率). Once I ate out with my friends in a restaurant in China, and my friends had to wait for me to finish eating for almost half an hour because my meal came so much later. I personally like it that all dishes are served at the same time in the United States.

What’s more, the flavor of American food is best described as “juicy”. Steak is an American favorite and American people often ask for their steak only to be half-cooked so as to make it juicier.

In addition, American people also put lots of tasty sauces onto their plates, which makes the food taste even better, though they often make the food less healthy at the same time. For example, it is common to add ketchup (番茄酱) and mustard (芥末酱) to hot-dogs. Americans have tried copying traditional Chinese food in many “Chinese restaurants”, adding much more oil to make the taste stronger. However, I dislike American-style Chinese food because they add too much fat. Nevertheless (然而), I recommend you to try real American food, such as hamburgers and steaks, especially if you are a meat-lover.

There are so many aspects of American food culture that it is impossible to cover all of them in a short space. We cannot know all the aspects of a certain food culture, but we can learn about it, taste it, understand and respect it—and enjoy it.

 A Bite of China: 《舌尖上的中国》

What did you LEARN from the passage?

改编前

China Tastes Good

WHEN it comes to intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产), China currently has 38 items on the UNESCO list, the most of any country in the world. However, none of them are food-related (与食物相关的). To make it on the list, a candidate (候选) must have deep cultural and social meaning, UNESCO said. This, experts say, is something Chinese cuisine is rich in. “The development of Chinese civilization evolved (演化) around food culture,” Bian Jiang, director of the China Cuisine Association (CCA), told China Daily.

Many important dates in China are marked with food. Spring Festival celebrations, for example, start with a bowl of “eight treasure” congee (八宝粥) on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month of the Chinese lunar calendar (农历). It’s followed by the preparation and eating of dumplings on Lunar New Year’s Eve and Lunar New Year’s Day. Then on 15th day of the Lunar New Year, people eat yuanxiao, or rice balls, to conclude their celebrations.

Apart from its symbolic festive (节日的) meaning, Chinese cuisine shows a unique theory of health. While the West has a food pyramid, the philosophy (哲学) of yin and yang can be found in most Chinese dishes. According to it, all natural phenomena (现象) have opposites that complement (补充) each other. A diet that has a balance of yin and yang foods is said to help prevent illness and emotional problems. Generally speaking, foods that have a higher water content (含量) are considered cool, or yin, in nature. Foods that have a higher energy content, particularly from fat, are considered warm, or yang, in nature. These are often foods that are fried or roasted.

In addition to health concerns, some Chinese dishes show great social functions. Take the “four dishes and one soup” idea as an example. According to legend, it originated (起源) in the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang served a dinner of four dishes and one soup to officials to advise against extravagance (奢侈). It later became a rule to stop expensive government banquets (宴会).

Although Chinese food contains years of ancestral (古代的) wisdom, sometimes it’s beyond a foreigner’s understanding. In 2011, the China Cuisine Association made an application to put more than 30 Chinese foods and food preparation techniques on the UNESCO Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage items, but failed. “Chinese cuisine is so complicated that it’s hard for the UNESCO officials to understand it as a whole,” Bian told The Wall Street Journal. Now, the association is working on an improved list of cuisine candidates to apply for UNESCO heritage status (身份). And the result will be announced in November.

 UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织

 China Cuisine Association (CCA): 中国烹饪协会

 China Daily:《中国日报》

 The Wall Street Journal: 《华尔街日报》

改编后

Chinese Food And Ancestral Wisdom

Chinese cuisine is rich in cultural and social meaning. “The development of Chinese civilization evolved (演化) around food culture,” Bian Jiang, director of the China Cuisine Association (CCA), told China Daily.

Although Chinese food contains years of ancestral (古代的) wisdom, sometimes it’s beyond a foreigner’s understanding. “Chinese cuisine is so complicated that it’s hard for the UNESCO officials to understand it as a whole,” Bian told The Wall Street Journal. Now, the association is working to apply for UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产), and the result will be announced in November.

 China Cuisine Association (CCA): 中国烹饪协会

 China Daily:《中国日报》

 The Wall Street Journal: 《华尔街日报》

 UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织