高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection授课课件ppt

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection授课课件ppt，共12页。PPT课件主要包含了 人称的变化， 时态的变化等内容，欢迎下载使用。

含义互相转换祈使句的直接引语与间接引语的变换例题精选 
引用或转述别人的话时有两种方法:(1)放在引号内,不用连词连接,直接引述别人的原话称为直接引语(Direct Speech)。(2)不用引号,通常用连词连接主句,用自己的话转述别人的话,称为间接引语(Indirect Speech),间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。Li Hua said, “I am prud f my mtherland.”李华说:“我为我的祖国感到自豪。”(直接引语) Li Hua said that he was prud f his mtherland.李华说他为他的祖国感到自豪。(宾语从句是间接引语)
二、直接引语与间接引语的转换
间接引语比直接引语使用起来更加灵活，而且还可以达到委婉、礼貌等交际目的,因此在语言交际中间接引语比直接引语更加常用。使用间接引语时，所转述的信息要便于听者理解,这就要求说话人根据时间、地点、指代关系等语境因素的变化,对直接引语中的部分词语在语言形式上进行必要的变化。
1. 人称的变化
直接引语中的人称代词在转化为间接引语时要有相应的变化。一般遵循“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”的原则。一随主：直接引语中出现的第一人称代词要按照引述动词的主语的人称变化。二随宾：直接引语中出现的第二人称代词要按引述动同的宾语的人称变化;若引述动词后没有宾语,也可用第一人称。第三人称不更新：直接引语中出现的第三人称代词一般不需要变化。He said, “I like the film very much.” → He said that he liked film very much. 他说他非常喜欢这部电影。She said, “My brther wants t g with me. ”→ She said that her brther wanted t g with her. 她说她弟弟想跟她一起去。He said t me, “Are yu cming tmrrw?” →He asked me if I was cming the next day. 他问我第二天是否要来。The librarian said, “Yu may have this bk fr ne week.”→The librarian said that I might have that bk fr ne week. 图书馆管理员说那本书我可以借一个星期。 Mr Smith said, “Jack is a gd wrkmate.”→Mr Smith said that Jack was a gd wrkmate. 史密斯先生说杰克是个不错的同事。
(1) 时态变化如下： 一般现在时→ 一般过去时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→ 过去完成时般过去时→ 过去完成时过去完成时→ 不变 一般将来时→ 过去将来时"I never get up befre 8 a.m. n Sundays," said he. → He said that he never gt up befre 8 a.m. n Sundays. 他说他星期天上午8点之前从不起床。Lisa said, “My brther is ding his hmewrk.”→ Lisa said that her brther was ding his hmewrk. 莉萨说她弟弟正在做作业。Tm said, “I have nt heard frm Jim since February."→Tm said that he had nt heard frm Jim since February. 汤姆说自从二月份以来他就没收到过吉姆的信。The mther said t her sn, “Did yu clean yur bedrm yesterday?”→The mther asked her sn if he had cleaned his bedrm the day befre. 妈妈问儿子前一天有没有打扫他的卧室。Bb tld me, "I had lived here fr years befre I mved ut."→ Bb tld me that he had lived there fr years befre he mved ut. 鲍勃告诉我,他在那儿住了多年才搬走。He said."I will wait fr yu at the same place tmrrw.” → He said that he wuld wait fr me at the same place the next day. 他说他第二天会在同一个地方等我。
(2) 直接引语变间接引语,时态无变化的情况:①直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言;②直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。Our teacher said, "The mn mves arund the Earth."→ Our teacher said that the mn mves arund the Earth. 我们老师说月球绕着地球转。He said, “I was brn in Shandng in 1965.”→ He said that he was brn in Shandng in 1965. 他说他 1965 年出生于山东。
3.指示代词、时间状语, 地点状语及方向性动词的变化
(1)直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词,时间状语。地点状语、方向性动词会发生相应的变化。常见情况如下表所示:this 这个～that 那个 these 这些～thse 那些nw 现在～then 那时 tday 今天～that day 那天this mrning 今天上午～that mrning 那天上午tnight 今天晚上～that night 那天晚上tmrrw明天～the next/fllwing day 第二天yesterday昨天～the day befre 前一天last night 昨天晚上～the night befre 前一天晚上the day befre yesterday 前天～tw days befre 两天前three days ag 三天前～three days belre 三天前next week 下一周～the next/fllwing week 第二周ag(至今)以前～befre(那时)以前here 这儿～there 那儿bring 带来～take 带走 cme 来～g 去
(2)如果在当地转述，this 不必改为 that，here 不必改为there,动词cme不必改为 g;如果在当天转述,时态和 yesterday,tmrrw等时间状语也不必改变。Nra said, "I'll take this bk.”诺拉说:“我要买这本书。”What did Nra say just nw?诺拉刚才说了什么?She said she will take this bk.她说她要买这本书。
4. 连接词的选择和语序等的变化
(1)直接引语是陈述句.变为间接引语时,常变成由 that引导的宾语从句。在口语中,that 可以省略。直接引语是陈述句时,若变为间接引语,主句谓语动词“said t sb”常改为“tld sb”。He said t me, “I've left my bk in yur rm.” → He tld me that he had left his bk in my rm.他告诉我,他把书落在我的房间里了。(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时,间接引语中用 whether ( 或 nt)或if引导。如果主句中谓语动词是 said,则将其改为 asked。She said,“D yu ften cme here t read newspapers?”→She asked me if/whether I ften went there t read newspapers.她问我是否经常去那里看报纸。(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导,其余的变化遵照直接引语和向接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“Where d yu live?" he asked me.→ He asked me where I lived.他问我住在哪里。(4)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时,要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。但是当直接引语是“What's wrng What's the matter?/What's the truble? / What has happened?"等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。He said, “Are yu interested in English?”→ He asked( me) if/whether I was interested in English他问我是否对英语感兴趣。“What's yur name?" he asked me.→He asked me what my name was.他问我叫什么。He asked her, “What's the matter with yu?”→He asked her what was the matter with her他问她怎么了。
三、析使句的直接引语与间接引语的变换
当直接引语为祈使句时,变为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语中的语气变换成“引述动词+ sb(nt)t d”结构:1.直接引语:主语+动词+“祈使句”2.间接引语:主语+引述动词+sb(nt)t d His father said t him, “Leave the dr pen.”→His father tld him t leave the dr pen.他爸爸告诉他开着门。“Dn't make any nise," she said t the children. → She tld/rdered the children nt t make any nise.她告诉孩子们不要发出任何噪音。3.引述动词的类型(1)表示建议、请求语气,用ask/advise sb(nt)t d.(2)表示安排、吩咐语气,用tell sb(nt)t d。(3)表示命令、指示语气,用rder sb(nt)t d。(4)表示提醒、警告语气,用remind/warn sb(nt) t d。“Bring me a cup f tea, please," she said t him. →She asked him t bring her a cup f tea.她要求他给她带一杯茶来。He said t her,“Dn't frget t pst the letter.” →He tld her nt t frget t pst the letter.他告诉她不要忘记寄信。