知识清单02 易错易混点辨析-中考化学考前必备重难点知识清单

易错、易混点辨析（1）用托盘天平称量氢氧化钠固体时，可将其放在纸上称量。（    ）                              。                                                                                  （2）量取液体时仰视读数导致实际体积偏小。（    ）                                             。                                                  （3）白色物质造成的污染称为白色污染。（    ）                                                  。                                         （4）氧气约占空气质量的21%。（    ）                                                        。                                        （5）氧气具有可燃性，可用作燃料。（    ）                                                   。                                         （6）鱼能在水中生活说明氧气易溶于水。（    ）                                                 。                                         （7）稀有气体化学性质极不活泼，不和任何物质反应。（    ）                                   。                                          （8）铁丝在氧气中燃烧现象是：火星四射，生成四氧化三铁。（    ）                               。                                        （9）红磷燃烧产生大量白雾。（    ）                                                         。                                         （10）空气污染物CO2是引起温室效应加剧的主要原因。 （    ）                                 。                                        （11）空气质量指数越大，空气质量越好。（    ）                                               。                                         （12）分子可分，原子不可分。（    ）                                                        。                                        （13）水结成冰，则水分子停止运动。（    ）                                                  。                                          （14）金刚石、石墨、C60都是由碳原子构成的。（    ）                                          。                                         （15）石墨转变成金刚石是物理变化。（    ）                                                  。                                        （16）H2O2由氢分子和氧分子构成。（    ）                                                    。                                       （17）氧气、铁粉都是由分子构成的。（    ）                                                   。                                        （18）带电的粒子一定是离子。（    ）                                                        。                                        （19）质子数相同的一类粒子是同种元素。（    ）                                              。                                        （20）原子核是由质子和中子构成的，所以所有原子核中一定含有质子和中子。（    ）                  。          （21）原子不显电性，故原子内一定不存在带电的粒子。（    ）                                  。                                         （22）原子可以构成分子，故原子一定比分子小。（    ）                                          。                                         （23）金刚石、石墨、木炭、活性炭均属于碳单质。（    ）                                      。                                        （24）表示铁离子。（    ）                                                               。                                         （25）同种元素组成的物质一定是单质。（    ）                                                。                                         （26）人体中含量最高的元素是钙。（    ）                                                    。                                        （27）地壳中含量最多的元素是硅。（    ）                                                    。                                       （28）铁、硒、钙都是人体必需的微量元素。（    ）                                            。                                         （29）缺碘和碘过量均会引起甲状腺肿大。（    ）                                              。                                        （30）氧化物中一定含有氧元素，则含有氧元素的化合物一定就是氧化物。（    ）                     。                                         （31）碳元素能形成多种单质和化合物，其化合物都是有机物。（    ）                             。                                       （32）制取CO2的药品是CaCO3和HCl。（    ）                                                。                                       （33）盐酸与块状石灰石反应能制取CO2，则稀硫酸也能与块状石灰石反应制取CO2。（    ）                                                                             。                                         （34）用燃着的木条伸进某瓶气体中，木条熄灭，该气体一定是CO2 。（    ）                     。                                         （35）将带火星的木条伸入集气瓶中，若木条熄灭，则二氧化碳已集满。（    ）                     。                                         （36）澄清透明的水可以直接作为饮用水。（    ）                                              。                                         （37）过滤可以将硬水转换成软水。（    ）                                                    。                                       （38）软水一定是纯净物，硬水一定是混合物。（    ）                                            。                                          （39）降低物质的着火点，是灭火的方法之一。（    ）                                          。                                        （40）扇子扇蜡烛一扇就灭，是因为降低了石蜡的着火点。（    ）                                。                                        （41）点燃可燃性气体一定会引起爆炸。（    ）                                                 。                                       （42）室内着火，要打开门窗通风。（    ）                                                      。                                        （43）家用电器着火，喷水浇灭。（    ）                                                      。                                         （44）室内煤气泄漏，立即开灯查看，并开窗通风。（    ）                                      。                                         （45）油锅着火，立即用水浇灭。（    ）                                                       。                                         （46）进入废弃的沼气池，先进行灯火试验。（    ）                                            。                                         （47）铜粉在空气中加热质量增加，不遵守质量守恒定律。（    ）                                。                                         （48）除去CO2中少量的CO，可用燃烧法除去。（    ）                                         。                                         （49）除去N2中少量的O2，可通过灼热的碳粉。（    ）                                         。                                       （50）反应前后质量没变的物质一定是催化剂。（    ）                                          。                                        （51）纯铁比生铁的硬度更大，熔点更高。（    ）                                               。                                        （52）生铁中含碳量为2%～ 4.3%。（    ）                                                    。                                     （53）铁制品在沿海地区比在沙漠地区生锈快。（    ）                                           。                                        （54）把质量相同的铁粉与锌粒放入同体积同浓度的盐酸中比较反应快慢。（    ）                     。                                        （55）用固体药品配制溶液时，若量筒中的水没有倒干净，会导致溶质质量分数偏大。（    ）                             。（56）使石蕊变红的溶液一定是酸溶液。（    ）                                                。                                         （57）有盐和水生成的反应一定是中和反应。（    ）                                            。                                        （58）盐和碱中一定含有金属元素。（    ）                                                      。                                        （59）纯碱属于盐，火碱属于碱。（    ）                                                      。                                         （60）铵态氮肥不能与草木灰混合施用。（    ）                                                 。                                         （61）用水鉴别硝酸铵和氯化钠固体。（    ）                                                  。                                         （62）等质量等质量分数的NaOH溶液和HCl溶液混合，pH═7。（    ）                             。                                         （63）无机盐、蛋白质、水都是能提供能量的营养素。（    ）                                     。                                        （64）人体缺乏维生素A，会引起夜盲症；缺乏维生素C，会引起坏血病。（    ）                       。                                        （65）维生素对人体有益，可大量摄入。（    ）                                                。                                       （66）水果富含维生素，牛奶富含蛋白质。（    ）                                              。                                         （67）玻璃钢、碳纤维、石棉网、钢筋混凝土均属于复合材料。（    ）                             。                                         （68）钢铁、硬铝和黄铜都是合金。（    ）                                                     。                                        （69）合成纤维、合金、合成橡胶都是合成材料。（    ）                                         。