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专题04 7BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）
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这是一份专题04 7BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用），共15页。
专题04 7BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括
及易错题分析
单元话题
Finding your way
Reading
重点词汇、词组和句型
Grammar
不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词；各种方位介词
知识点囊括
一、重点词组、句型
1. Are you sure, Hobo?
be sure of sth. 对……确信（有把握） be sure to do sth. 一定要去做某事 be sure +that从句
I am sure of my answers. 我对我的答案有把握。
They are sure to win the game. 他们一定会赢得比赛。
I am sure that they will win the game.
2．I think we have to go up again．
have(had/has) to意为“不；得不"，强调客观，愿意也要做，不愿意也要做 （否定式 don’t have to）
must强调主观，自己认为必须要去做, 但mustn’t 意为“禁止，不准”,语气强烈。
Dad, must I finish my homework before going shopping？爸爸，我必须要在购物之前完成作业吗？
肯定回答：Yes, you must./ I’m afraid you have to.
否定回答：No, you don’t have to./ No, you needn’t.
My bike is broken，so I have to walk to school．
3．Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine Middle School．
表示“A在B的东/南/西/北面”用句型:”A is east/south/west/north of B”其同义句是：
A is to/on the east/south/west/north of B
eg. Nanjing is west of Shanghai=Nanjing is to the west of Shanghai.
表示方位的介词in, on与to 的区别
（1）in表示 A在B的范围之内, Taiwan is in the south of China.
(2) to表示两者不接壤，不从属 Hangzhou is to the south of Taizhou.
(3)on表示两地接壤 Kunshan is on the south of Shanghai.
4. Remember that they are dangerous. Never go near them.记住他们很危险，不要靠近他们
remember sth. 记得/记住某物 Can you remember your ID card numbers?
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做） Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave.
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已经做了）I remember turning off the lights, but it’s on now.
remember +that从句 反义词：forget（过去式forgot）用法相同
eg. Please remember to turn (turn) off the light when you leave the classroom.
I remember meeting (meet) the man somewhere.
5．Go straight on，and you’ll find the Panda House.
“祈使句+and／or +一般将来时"表示在假设的某种条件下将会产生的结果，and通常后接好的结果，or意为“否则”，通常后接不好的结果。如：
Hurry up, and we’ll catch the early bus．
Hurry up，or we’ll miss the early bus．
Work hard, or you’ll pass the exam.(and/or)
6. Take the second turning/crossing on the right.在第二个拐弯处向右拐。
= Turn right at the second turning/crossing.
Turn right into People’s Road. 向右拐入人民路。
7．The treasure is under the ground in front of the third tree on the left．
in front of意为“在某物外部的前面”，in the front of指“在某物内部的前面”。
The teacher is having the lesson in the front of the classroom．There is a bus in front of the classroom．
Lily is sitting in front of of Daniel.
8．How do I get there? 去那儿的路怎么走呢?
这是问路的一种表达。还有如下同义表达：
(1)Which is the way to．．．? (2)Where is the．．．?
(3)Is there a．．．near here? (4)Could you tell me the way to…．?
(5)Could you tell me how to get to/how I can get to．．．?
9.⑴sound n.声音在一般情况下，泛指各种声音。如： .
sound vi.听起来（系动词） Your idea sounds great./那听起来是个好主意。
⑵与noise, voice 的用法区别
noise 主要指大声的、令人不愉快的声音，尤指噪音(可用作可数或不可数名词)。如：
voice 主要指人讲话或唱歌的声音(是可数名词)。如He speaks in a low voice..
10. prepare …… for……为……准备……
二、语法Grammar
冠词的用法
冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词，不定冠词a/an常用来泛指某个人或物，定冠词the常用来指特定的某个人或物。
1、不定冠词a/an
a/an用在表示“一”的概念，但不强调数目概念。我们在第一次提到某人或某物时，如果是可数名词单数，常在其前加不定冠词a/an。“a/an + 单数名词”表示“一个……”或“某一……”。
(1) 表示“一个”，相当于one，指某人或某物
I have a new computer. 我有一台新电脑。
(2) 代表一类人或物
A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切东西的工具。
(1) 用于一些习惯用语中。
a bit（一点）， a little（一点）， a few（几个）， a lot （许多）， a kind of（一种）， a pair of（一副、一双）， a number of（大量的）， a piece of （一张、一片）， half an hour（半小时）， have a good time（玩得开心）， have a cold（感冒）， make a noise（发出嘈杂声）， have/take a （rest等）（休息）一会儿，等等。
请牢记以下的例子：
In a university， a European united a one-eyed man to steal a useful thing,then ran away along a one-way road. This is a usual thing.
用于序数词前: a+序数词 表示“再一”“又一”
Eg：You will have to do it a second time. 你得再做一次。
I have three books，I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想再买一本。
2、定冠词the
(1) 定冠词the用在谈到之前提过的某人或某物前，或特指某(些)人或物，使其区别于同类的其他人或事物，相当于this，that，these，those，可以与可数名词连用，也可与不可数名词连用。
(2) 用于表示上文已提及的人或事物。
I have a new bike. The bike is a birthday present from my uncle.
我有一辆新自行车。这辆车是我叔叔送给我的生日礼物。
(3) 用于表示谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
He is waiting for me at the school gate. 他在学校门口等我。
(4) 用于序数词和最高级前。
This is the first time for me to visit Beijing. 这是我第一次去北京旅行。
Eddie wants to live next to the biggest restaurant in Beijing. 埃迪想住在北京最大的参观旁边。
(5) 用于世界上独一无二的事物前, 主要指the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the universe, the world等东西。
The Earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
(6) 用于方位名词前。
Jiangsu is in the east of China. 江苏位于中国东部。
(7)用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前，以及用于由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、建筑物等前。如：
the Yellow River 黄河 the Red Sea 红海
the Indian Ocean 印度洋 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
the Great Cultural Revolution 文化大革命
(8) 用于乐器名词前。
He can’t play football, but he can play the violin. 他不会踢足球，但是他会拉小提琴。
(9) 与一些形容词连用，表示一类人，是复数概念。
the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the wealthy 富人 the old 老人 the aged 老人 the young 年轻人
the sick 病人 the brave 勇敢的人 the weak 弱者 the strong 强者 the dead 死者 the blind 盲人
In China, the old live a happy life. 在中国，老人们过着幸福的生活。
(10) 用于姓氏的复数前，表示一家人，是复数概念。
The Greens are having afternoon tea at present. 此刻，格林一家正在喝下午茶。
(11)用于一些习惯用语中，如：
in the past 在过去 go to the cinema 看电影
in the end 最后 in the dark 在黑暗中，不知道
in the least 一点，丝毫 in the open 在野外
(12) 用于逢整十数词的复数前
定冠词有时可用于逢整十的复数数词前，表示世纪中的年代。
如：He moved to the south in the fifties. 他于50年代搬到了南方。
The war broke out in the 1980s. 战争爆发于20世纪80年代。
3、零冠词
(1) 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。如：
China , America, Smith 中国、美国、史密斯
(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。如：
This dictionary is mine. 这个字典是我的
(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。如：
March, May Day, National Day 三月、五一劳动节、国庆节
Did you have supper? 你吃午饭了吗？
Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
(4)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。如：
Do you study physics? 你学习物理吗？
He likes playing football/chess. 他喜欢踢足球/下象棋。
(5)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。如：
They are workers. 他们是工人。
(6)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。如：
They often go to school by bus. 他们经常坐公交车上学。
批注：in a car, on the bike, take a bus, on the train/ bus需注意。
(7)某些固定词组中不用冠词。
①名词词组中：husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork
②介词词组中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to, at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in, into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town, at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot
方位介词的用法
(1)表示地点的介词
1）at, in, on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
2） over, above, on，below，under
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
3）表示方位的in /on / to
in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系) Taiwan is _in___ the southeast of China .
on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系) Hubei is __on__ the north of Hunan .
to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系) Japan is __to___ the east of China .
◆常用介词的用法辨析
(1) after和behind区别
after表示时间、位置之后
behind只表示位置之后
(2) between / among 在……之间
between :指两者之间. 在…….之间.
among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中.
(3)on the tree /in the tree
on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上.
in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.
(4) across / through / over / by 经过
across 指横穿,穿过. 表示从......表面上经过.
through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.
over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.
by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.
Can you swim across the river ?
The elephant is so big that it can’ t go through the gate .
I don’ t think anyone can jump over the fence.
I walked by the bank of China yesterday .
(5) for, to和towards的区别
for 常用在leave，start后，表示运动的方向和目的，如leave for Beijing
to 常用在go, come, return,move等词之后，如return to school
towards 意为“朝，向”，只是说明运动的方向，没有“到达”之意，如walk towards us
(6) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外，反义词behind；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内，反义短语“at the back of”。例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
(7) beside, next to与near
Beside指“在......旁边/附近”，可等于near。Next to表“紧挨着，紧靠着”。
Come and sit beside/near me.
The pretty boy is standing next to the window.
(8) inside与outside
inside 在......里面
outside 在......外面
三、词组归纳
1、go straight on 一直向前
2、lie down 躺下来
3、all day long整天的
4、jump around 到处跳
5、make people laugh
6、cross（=go/walk across）the bridge 过桥
7、lie on the grass 躺在草地上
8、over there 在那边
9、on the left/right 在左/右边
10、on the left/right of…… 在……的左/右边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边
11、walk past the house 走过那幢房子
12、at the corner of 在…..拐弯处
in the corner 在角落
13、plenty of food 充足的食物
四、句型归纳
1、Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine Middle School.
2、Is it far away from our school?
3、Go straight on, and you’ll find the Panda House.
4、Turn left, and to the west of the Lion’s Area, you’ll find the World of Birds.
5、The flowers are in front of the shop.
6、My parents will prepare plenty of food and drinks for us.
7、We will have a big dinner at/in…
8、Walk past the house, turn left and walk along the path next to the river.
9、This is the way to my home.
易错题分析
语法部分：
单项选择
1. — How was ________ dinner at Sandy’s house?
— It was great. Sandy’s mum is ______ excellent cook.
A. a, the B. the, an C. the, the D. a, an
2.—What do you think of ______ idea of taking part in ‘Earth Hour’？
—Wonderful! I’ve never heard of ______ one! We can reduce pollution in this way.
A. an; the better B. the; a better
C. an; a better D. the; the best
3.---Who's _______ woman in blue, do you know?
---Oh, she's _______ friend of Anna's.
A. the; a B. an; the C. a; the D. the; an
4.─ Has Tim got ______ first place in the race?
─ No, he hasn’t. But he will have ______ second try.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a, a D. the, a
5.The boy asked his mother whether France is ______ European country.
A. an B. / C. a D. the
6.— Do you know _______man in a brown sweater over there?
— Yes. He is ________ office worker of Haian Hotel.
A. an; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; an
7.If you buy ________ MP4 player in our store, you can get a watch for ________ free.
A. a; / B. an; the C. an; / D. the; the
【答案】BBADCDC
1.Over 10, 000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing ________ May 7, 2017.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
2. When I walked the south side of the square，I happened to meet our English teacher.
A. across B. around C. through D. along
3. Nora opened the box. To her surprise，______ was a gold watch.
A. outside B. inside C. beside D. behind
4. We all like watching the TV programme Readers _______ Saturday evening.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
5.Music is a bridge ______ the East and the West.
A.in B.at C.among D.between
6. — Are you ready? We’ll go out for a picnic ____ three o’clock.
— OK! I’m coming.
A. in B. after C. for D. since
7. Facebook is one of the most popular websites in Britain ______ over twenty-five million users.
A. of B. for C. with D. by
8. It’s nice ____ Tom to tell me the news because it’s very important me.
A. for, of B of, to C. for, to D. of, of
9. Most people are ______ building a paper factory near here. They are worried that the river will get polluted.
A. for B. with C. against D. beyond
10. We live right here. Look! My uncle’s house is _________ ours.
A. in the front of B. in front of C. at the back of D.over
11.I like the pictures _____ the wall.
A. on B.in C.at D.to
【答案】BDBBD BCBCB A
词汇句型部分：
一、 单项选择
( ) 1. There is ______ “u” and ___________ “l” in the word “umbrella”.
A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a
( ) 2. The bus stopped ______ the traffic lights.
A. for B. on C. at D. in
( ) 3. No buses come past here . He has to _______there _______ his bicycle.
A. go to, by B. go, by C. go to , on D. go , on
( ) 4. _______ the second turning on the right.
A. Take B. Turn C. Walk D. Go
( ) 5. Would you like _______ a cup of tea?
A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. to drinking
( ) 6. It my mother half an hour to the shopping mall.
A. spends; walking B. takes; to walk
C. spends; to walk D. takes; walking
( ) 7. We are looking forward ________ a film next week.
A. to see B. to seeing C. for seeing D. seeing
( ) 8. There _ a fashion show in Sunshine Secondary School next Friday evening.
A. is going to B. will have C. is going to have D. will be
( ) 9.You can get there _______ .
A. by underground B. take underground
C. by an underground D. take an underground
( ) 10. I don’t like this shirt. Would you please show me _______ one?
A. other B. the other C. the others D. another
( ) 11. Could you tell me ________ Sunshine Shopping Mall?
A. the way of B. how to go C. the way to D. how go to
( ) 12. Why _______ at home and watch TV?
A. don’t stay B. not staying C. don’t you stay D. not to stay
( ) 13. There’s _______ juice in the kitchen. Please go and buy some.
A. a little B. few C. much D. little
【答案】CCDAB BBDAD CCD
二、词汇拼写
1. There is always much (交通) on the city roads.
2. Our teacher told us that (声音)cannot travel as fast as light.
3. Jim sits in the (角) of the classroom, on the right side.
4.I am lucky to have a bedroom of my ____________(我自己).
5.Sunshine school is （西南）of the park
6. I’m happy to____________ (邀请) you to our party.
7. The (桥梁) make people cross the rivers easily.
8.You can take the (第三) turning on your right.
9.Look! Who (躺) on the grass over there?
10. The light is red. You can't (过) the road.
11. Shanghai is to the （东南）of Nanjing.
12. It’s easy to get lost in the （森林）, there are too many tall trees in it.
13. We were very tired after the long bus （旅游） to Yunnan.
14. The boy wants to be a （国王） when he grows up.
15. Is there （足够的）of food in the fridge?
16.He often walks (经过) my house when he goes home .
17. ---Is_____________ (人人)here ? --- No, Tom is ill at home.
18. It's (相当) cold in winter in my hometown.
19. _____________(长颈鹿) are lovely and kind animals with long necks.
20. Don't ____________ (忘记)to call your mother, she is worrying about you .
21.Linda stayed up late and _______（准备） herself for the math exam last night.
22. You need to use your knowledge(知识) to open the (宝藏) box.
23. ____________ (跟随)the teacher in class, or you won’t be good at your lessons.
24.Walk past the house, turn left, walk along the （小路）near the river.
25. He is good at telling funny stories and always makes his grandpa _________（大笑） happily.
26. —What are you looking forward to ___________（得到）, Sandy? — A lovely Barbie.
27. It is ___________ （危险）for the girls to go out at night alone.
28. The ___________（树叶） turn yellow when autumn comes.
29. If you want to go to the cinema, turn right at the third _____________（十字路口）
30. Here are some beautiful skirts of ____________ （他们的）.
31. We all hope to have a_______（旅行）to Nanjing some day.
32. Most of the birds go to the (南部)to spend the cold winter.
33. Please ________（记住）to take everything. Maybe we will need them later.
34.An old friend of _________(我的) is coming to see me.
35. We feel sorry for those animals in_______（笼子）．
36. Just go_______（径直）along the road and you'll see the bookshop on your left.
37. I can buy some_______（明信片）in the shopping mall.
38. - Can you tell me the way to the_______（银行）?
- Yes, go along this street and you'll find it on your right
39. Look! The old man is_______（穿过）the road.
40. - What do pandas like to eat?
- They like to eat _______（竹子）.
41. What a _____________ (有趣的)story you told ! We’d like to listen again.
42.Take the first ____________（转弯处） on the left, and you’ll find the post office .
43. ---Where’s the box? --- It’s under the ___________(第四) chair on your left.
44. Her dress is so beautiful. I want to buy one like ___________( 她的).
45. We want to paint all ___________ (凳子) green.
【答案】
1. traffic 2. sound 3. corner 4.own 5.south-west
6. invite 7. bridges 8.third 9.lying 10. cross
11.south-east 12.forest 13.trip 14. king 15. plenty
16.past 17. everyone 18. quite 19. giraffes 20. forget
21. prepared 22. treasure 23. Follow 24. path 25. laugh
26. getting 27. dangerous 28. leaves 29. crossing 30. theirs
31.trip 32.south 33.remember 34. mine 35.cages
36.straight 37.postcards 38.bank 39．crossing 40. bamboo
41.interesting 42. turning 43.fourth 44.hers 45. benches
三、动词填空
1. The writer hopes __________(write)many books in the future.
2. ---Is your brother afraid of ________(take) a plane? ---Maybe he is.
3. Boys, remember ________(not drink) any wine if you drive a car.
4. The birthday cake you bought will make your father _______(feel) very happy.
5. How long will they spend _______(throw) away all the stones here?
6. ---Is this Mr Zhang’s home? ---Yes, I’m afraid she _______(shop) in the bookshop.
7. Would you please tell him _______(not cross)the road when the lights are red?
【答案】1. to write 2. taking 3. not to drink 4. feel 5. throwing 6. is shopping 7. not to cross
四、翻译句子
1. 我喜欢和朋友在阳台上聊天。
___________________________________________________
2. 我的叔叔和婶婶住在伦敦的市中心。
___________________________________________________
3. 不要再床上看书，这对你的眼睛有害。
___________________________________________________
4. 你愿意和你的父母一起住在一幢木头房子里吗?
___________________________________________________
【答案】
1. I like to chat with friends on the balcony.
2. My uncle and my aunt live in the centre of London.
3. Don’t read in the bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
4. Would you like to live with your parents in a wooden house?
专题04 7BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括
及易错题分析
单元话题
Finding your way
Reading
重点词汇、词组和句型
Grammar
不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词；各种方位介词
知识点囊括
一、重点词组、句型
1. Are you sure, Hobo?
be sure of sth. 对……确信（有把握） be sure to do sth. 一定要去做某事 be sure +that从句
I am sure of my answers. 我对我的答案有把握。
They are sure to win the game. 他们一定会赢得比赛。
I am sure that they will win the game.
2．I think we have to go up again．
have(had/has) to意为“不；得不"，强调客观，愿意也要做，不愿意也要做 （否定式 don’t have to）
must强调主观，自己认为必须要去做, 但mustn’t 意为“禁止，不准”,语气强烈。
Dad, must I finish my homework before going shopping？爸爸，我必须要在购物之前完成作业吗？
肯定回答：Yes, you must./ I’m afraid you have to.
否定回答：No, you don’t have to./ No, you needn’t.
My bike is broken，so I have to walk to school．
3．Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine Middle School．
表示“A在B的东/南/西/北面”用句型:”A is east/south/west/north of B”其同义句是：
A is to/on the east/south/west/north of B
eg. Nanjing is west of Shanghai=Nanjing is to the west of Shanghai.
表示方位的介词in, on与to 的区别
（1）in表示 A在B的范围之内, Taiwan is in the south of China.
(2) to表示两者不接壤，不从属 Hangzhou is to the south of Taizhou.
(3)on表示两地接壤 Kunshan is on the south of Shanghai.
4. Remember that they are dangerous. Never go near them.记住他们很危险，不要靠近他们
remember sth. 记得/记住某物 Can you remember your ID card numbers?
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做） Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave.
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已经做了）I remember turning off the lights, but it’s on now.
remember +that从句 反义词：forget（过去式forgot）用法相同
eg. Please remember to turn (turn) off the light when you leave the classroom.
I remember meeting (meet) the man somewhere.
5．Go straight on，and you’ll find the Panda House.
“祈使句+and／or +一般将来时"表示在假设的某种条件下将会产生的结果，and通常后接好的结果，or意为“否则”，通常后接不好的结果。如：
Hurry up, and we’ll catch the early bus．
Hurry up，or we’ll miss the early bus．
Work hard, or you’ll pass the exam.(and/or)
6. Take the second turning/crossing on the right.在第二个拐弯处向右拐。
= Turn right at the second turning/crossing.
Turn right into People’s Road. 向右拐入人民路。
7．The treasure is under the ground in front of the third tree on the left．
in front of意为“在某物外部的前面”，in the front of指“在某物内部的前面”。
The teacher is having the lesson in the front of the classroom．There is a bus in front of the classroom．
Lily is sitting in front of of Daniel.
8．How do I get there? 去那儿的路怎么走呢?
这是问路的一种表达。还有如下同义表达：
(1)Which is the way to．．．? (2)Where is the．．．?
(3)Is there a．．．near here? (4)Could you tell me the way to…．?
(5)Could you tell me how to get to/how I can get to．．．?
9.⑴sound n.声音在一般情况下，泛指各种声音。如： .
sound vi.听起来（系动词） Your idea sounds great./那听起来是个好主意。
⑵与noise, voice 的用法区别
noise 主要指大声的、令人不愉快的声音，尤指噪音(可用作可数或不可数名词)。如：
voice 主要指人讲话或唱歌的声音(是可数名词)。如He speaks in a low voice..
10. prepare …… for……为……准备……
二、语法Grammar
冠词的用法
冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词，不定冠词a/an常用来泛指某个人或物，定冠词the常用来指特定的某个人或物。
1、不定冠词a/an
a/an用在表示“一”的概念，但不强调数目概念。我们在第一次提到某人或某物时，如果是可数名词单数，常在其前加不定冠词a/an。“a/an + 单数名词”表示“一个……”或“某一……”。
(1) 表示“一个”，相当于one，指某人或某物
I have a new computer. 我有一台新电脑。
(2) 代表一类人或物
A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切东西的工具。
(1) 用于一些习惯用语中。
a bit（一点）， a little（一点）， a few（几个）， a lot （许多）， a kind of（一种）， a pair of（一副、一双）， a number of（大量的）， a piece of （一张、一片）， half an hour（半小时）， have a good time（玩得开心）， have a cold（感冒）， make a noise（发出嘈杂声）， have/take a （rest等）（休息）一会儿，等等。
请牢记以下的例子：
In a university， a European united a one-eyed man to steal a useful thing,then ran away along a one-way road. This is a usual thing.
用于序数词前: a+序数词 表示“再一”“又一”
Eg：You will have to do it a second time. 你得再做一次。
I have three books，I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想再买一本。
2、定冠词the
(1) 定冠词the用在谈到之前提过的某人或某物前，或特指某(些)人或物，使其区别于同类的其他人或事物，相当于this，that，these，those，可以与可数名词连用，也可与不可数名词连用。
(2) 用于表示上文已提及的人或事物。
I have a new bike. The bike is a birthday present from my uncle.
我有一辆新自行车。这辆车是我叔叔送给我的生日礼物。
(3) 用于表示谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
He is waiting for me at the school gate. 他在学校门口等我。
(4) 用于序数词和最高级前。
This is the first time for me to visit Beijing. 这是我第一次去北京旅行。
Eddie wants to live next to the biggest restaurant in Beijing. 埃迪想住在北京最大的参观旁边。
(5) 用于世界上独一无二的事物前, 主要指the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the universe, the world等东西。
The Earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
(6) 用于方位名词前。
Jiangsu is in the east of China. 江苏位于中国东部。
(7)用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前，以及用于由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、建筑物等前。如：
the Yellow River 黄河 the Red Sea 红海
the Indian Ocean 印度洋 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
the Great Cultural Revolution 文化大革命
(8) 用于乐器名词前。
He can’t play football, but he can play the violin. 他不会踢足球，但是他会拉小提琴。
(9) 与一些形容词连用，表示一类人，是复数概念。
the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the wealthy 富人 the old 老人 the aged 老人 the young 年轻人
the sick 病人 the brave 勇敢的人 the weak 弱者 the strong 强者 the dead 死者 the blind 盲人
In China, the old live a happy life. 在中国，老人们过着幸福的生活。
(10) 用于姓氏的复数前，表示一家人，是复数概念。
The Greens are having afternoon tea at present. 此刻，格林一家正在喝下午茶。
(11)用于一些习惯用语中，如：
in the past 在过去 go to the cinema 看电影
in the end 最后 in the dark 在黑暗中，不知道
in the least 一点，丝毫 in the open 在野外
(12) 用于逢整十数词的复数前
定冠词有时可用于逢整十的复数数词前，表示世纪中的年代。
如：He moved to the south in the fifties. 他于50年代搬到了南方。
The war broke out in the 1980s. 战争爆发于20世纪80年代。
3、零冠词
(1) 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。如：
China , America, Smith 中国、美国、史密斯
(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。如：
This dictionary is mine. 这个字典是我的
(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。如：
March, May Day, National Day 三月、五一劳动节、国庆节
Did you have supper? 你吃午饭了吗？
Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
(4)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。如：
Do you study physics? 你学习物理吗？
He likes playing football/chess. 他喜欢踢足球/下象棋。
(5)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。如：
They are workers. 他们是工人。
(6)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。如：
They often go to school by bus. 他们经常坐公交车上学。
批注：in a car, on the bike, take a bus, on the train/ bus需注意。
(7)某些固定词组中不用冠词。
①名词词组中：husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork
②介词词组中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to, at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in, into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town, at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot
方位介词的用法
(1)表示地点的介词
1）at, in, on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
2） over, above, on，below，under
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
3）表示方位的in /on / to
in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系) Taiwan is _in___ the southeast of China .
on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系) Hubei is __on__ the north of Hunan .
to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系) Japan is __to___ the east of China .
◆常用介词的用法辨析
(1) after和behind区别
after表示时间、位置之后
behind只表示位置之后
(2) between / among 在……之间
between :指两者之间. 在…….之间.
among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中.
(3)on the tree /in the tree
on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上.
in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.
(4) across / through / over / by 经过
across 指横穿,穿过. 表示从......表面上经过.
through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.
over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.
by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.
Can you swim across the river ?
The elephant is so big that it can’ t go through the gate .
I don’ t think anyone can jump over the fence.
I walked by the bank of China yesterday .
(5) for, to和towards的区别
for 常用在leave，start后，表示运动的方向和目的，如leave for Beijing
to 常用在go, come, return,move等词之后，如return to school
towards 意为“朝，向”，只是说明运动的方向，没有“到达”之意，如walk towards us
(6) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外，反义词behind；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内，反义短语“at the back of”。例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
(7) beside, next to与near
Beside指“在......旁边/附近”，可等于near。Next to表“紧挨着，紧靠着”。
Come and sit beside/near me.
The pretty boy is standing next to the window.
(8) inside与outside
inside 在......里面
outside 在......外面
三、词组归纳
1、go straight on 一直向前
2、lie down 躺下来
3、all day long整天的
4、jump around 到处跳
5、make people laugh
6、cross（=go/walk across）the bridge 过桥
7、lie on the grass 躺在草地上
8、over there 在那边
9、on the left/right 在左/右边
10、on the left/right of…… 在……的左/右边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边
11、walk past the house 走过那幢房子
12、at the corner of 在…..拐弯处
in the corner 在角落
13、plenty of food 充足的食物
四、句型归纳
1、Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine Middle School.
2、Is it far away from our school?
3、Go straight on, and you’ll find the Panda House.
4、Turn left, and to the west of the Lion’s Area, you’ll find the World of Birds.
5、The flowers are in front of the shop.
6、My parents will prepare plenty of food and drinks for us.
7、We will have a big dinner at/in…
8、Walk past the house, turn left and walk along the path next to the river.
9、This is the way to my home.
易错题分析
语法部分：
单项选择
1. — How was ________ dinner at Sandy’s house?
— It was great. Sandy’s mum is ______ excellent cook.
A. a, the B. the, an C. the, the D. a, an
2.—What do you think of ______ idea of taking part in ‘Earth Hour’？
—Wonderful! I’ve never heard of ______ one! We can reduce pollution in this way.
A. an; the better B. the; a better
C. an; a better D. the; the best
3.---Who's _______ woman in blue, do you know?
---Oh, she's _______ friend of Anna's.
A. the; a B. an; the C. a; the D. the; an
4.─ Has Tim got ______ first place in the race?
─ No, he hasn’t. But he will have ______ second try.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a, a D. the, a
5.The boy asked his mother whether France is ______ European country.
A. an B. / C. a D. the
6.— Do you know _______man in a brown sweater over there?
— Yes. He is ________ office worker of Haian Hotel.
A. an; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; an
7.If you buy ________ MP4 player in our store, you can get a watch for ________ free.
A. a; / B. an; the C. an; / D. the; the
【答案】BBADCDC
1.Over 10, 000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing ________ May 7, 2017.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
2. When I walked the south side of the square，I happened to meet our English teacher.
A. across B. around C. through D. along
3. Nora opened the box. To her surprise，______ was a gold watch.
A. outside B. inside C. beside D. behind
4. We all like watching the TV programme Readers _______ Saturday evening.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
5.Music is a bridge ______ the East and the West.
A.in B.at C.among D.between
6. — Are you ready? We’ll go out for a picnic ____ three o’clock.
— OK! I’m coming.
A. in B. after C. for D. since
7. Facebook is one of the most popular websites in Britain ______ over twenty-five million users.
A. of B. for C. with D. by
8. It’s nice ____ Tom to tell me the news because it’s very important me.
A. for, of B of, to C. for, to D. of, of
9. Most people are ______ building a paper factory near here. They are worried that the river will get polluted.
A. for B. with C. against D. beyond
10. We live right here. Look! My uncle’s house is _________ ours.
A. in the front of B. in front of C. at the back of D.over
11.I like the pictures _____ the wall.
A. on B.in C.at D.to
【答案】BDBBD BCBCB A
词汇句型部分：
一、 单项选择
( ) 1. There is ______ “u” and ___________ “l” in the word “umbrella”.
A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a
( ) 2. The bus stopped ______ the traffic lights.
A. for B. on C. at D. in
( ) 3. No buses come past here . He has to _______there _______ his bicycle.
A. go to, by B. go, by C. go to , on D. go , on
( ) 4. _______ the second turning on the right.
A. Take B. Turn C. Walk D. Go
( ) 5. Would you like _______ a cup of tea?
A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. to drinking
( ) 6. It my mother half an hour to the shopping mall.
A. spends; walking B. takes; to walk
C. spends; to walk D. takes; walking
( ) 7. We are looking forward ________ a film next week.
A. to see B. to seeing C. for seeing D. seeing
( ) 8. There _ a fashion show in Sunshine Secondary School next Friday evening.
A. is going to B. will have C. is going to have D. will be
( ) 9.You can get there _______ .
A. by underground B. take underground
C. by an underground D. take an underground
( ) 10. I don’t like this shirt. Would you please show me _______ one?
A. other B. the other C. the others D. another
( ) 11. Could you tell me ________ Sunshine Shopping Mall?
A. the way of B. how to go C. the way to D. how go to
( ) 12. Why _______ at home and watch TV?
A. don’t stay B. not staying C. don’t you stay D. not to stay
( ) 13. There’s _______ juice in the kitchen. Please go and buy some.
A. a little B. few C. much D. little
【答案】CCDAB BBDAD CCD
二、词汇拼写
1. There is always much (交通) on the city roads.
2. Our teacher told us that (声音)cannot travel as fast as light.
3. Jim sits in the (角) of the classroom, on the right side.
4.I am lucky to have a bedroom of my ____________(我自己).
5.Sunshine school is （西南）of the park
6. I’m happy to____________ (邀请) you to our party.
7. The (桥梁) make people cross the rivers easily.
8.You can take the (第三) turning on your right.
9.Look! Who (躺) on the grass over there?
10. The light is red. You can't (过) the road.
11. Shanghai is to the （东南）of Nanjing.
12. It’s easy to get lost in the （森林）, there are too many tall trees in it.
13. We were very tired after the long bus （旅游） to Yunnan.
14. The boy wants to be a （国王） when he grows up.
15. Is there （足够的）of food in the fridge?
16.He often walks (经过) my house when he goes home .
17. ---Is_____________ (人人)here ? --- No, Tom is ill at home.
18. It's (相当) cold in winter in my hometown.
19. _____________(长颈鹿) are lovely and kind animals with long necks.
20. Don't ____________ (忘记)to call your mother, she is worrying about you .
21.Linda stayed up late and _______（准备） herself for the math exam last night.
22. You need to use your knowledge(知识) to open the (宝藏) box.
23. ____________ (跟随)the teacher in class, or you won’t be good at your lessons.
24.Walk past the house, turn left, walk along the （小路）near the river.
25. He is good at telling funny stories and always makes his grandpa _________（大笑） happily.
26. —What are you looking forward to ___________（得到）, Sandy? — A lovely Barbie.
27. It is ___________ （危险）for the girls to go out at night alone.
28. The ___________（树叶） turn yellow when autumn comes.
29. If you want to go to the cinema, turn right at the third _____________（十字路口）
30. Here are some beautiful skirts of ____________ （他们的）.
31. We all hope to have a_______（旅行）to Nanjing some day.
32. Most of the birds go to the (南部)to spend the cold winter.
33. Please ________（记住）to take everything. Maybe we will need them later.
34.An old friend of _________(我的) is coming to see me.
35. We feel sorry for those animals in_______（笼子）．
36. Just go_______（径直）along the road and you'll see the bookshop on your left.
37. I can buy some_______（明信片）in the shopping mall.
38. - Can you tell me the way to the_______（银行）?
- Yes, go along this street and you'll find it on your right
39. Look! The old man is_______（穿过）the road.
40. - What do pandas like to eat?
- They like to eat _______（竹子）.
41. What a _____________ (有趣的)story you told ! We’d like to listen again.
42.Take the first ____________（转弯处） on the left, and you’ll find the post office .
43. ---Where’s the box? --- It’s under the ___________(第四) chair on your left.
44. Her dress is so beautiful. I want to buy one like ___________( 她的).
45. We want to paint all ___________ (凳子) green.
【答案】
1. traffic 2. sound 3. corner 4.own 5.south-west
6. invite 7. bridges 8.third 9.lying 10. cross
11.south-east 12.forest 13.trip 14. king 15. plenty
16.past 17. everyone 18. quite 19. giraffes 20. forget
21. prepared 22. treasure 23. Follow 24. path 25. laugh
26. getting 27. dangerous 28. leaves 29. crossing 30. theirs
31.trip 32.south 33.remember 34. mine 35.cages
36.straight 37.postcards 38.bank 39．crossing 40. bamboo
41.interesting 42. turning 43.fourth 44.hers 45. benches
三、动词填空
1. The writer hopes __________(write)many books in the future.
2. ---Is your brother afraid of ________(take) a plane? ---Maybe he is.
3. Boys, remember ________(not drink) any wine if you drive a car.
4. The birthday cake you bought will make your father _______(feel) very happy.
5. How long will they spend _______(throw) away all the stones here?
6. ---Is this Mr Zhang’s home? ---Yes, I’m afraid she _______(shop) in the bookshop.
7. Would you please tell him _______(not cross)the road when the lights are red?
【答案】1. to write 2. taking 3. not to drink 4. feel 5. throwing 6. is shopping 7. not to cross
四、翻译句子
1. 我喜欢和朋友在阳台上聊天。
___________________________________________________
2. 我的叔叔和婶婶住在伦敦的市中心。
___________________________________________________
3. 不要再床上看书，这对你的眼睛有害。
___________________________________________________
4. 你愿意和你的父母一起住在一幢木头房子里吗?
___________________________________________________
【答案】
1. I like to chat with friends on the balcony.
2. My uncle and my aunt live in the centre of London.
3. Don’t read in the bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
4. Would you like to live with your parents in a wooden house?
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