专题03 有提示词之给出名词（解析版）-备战2023年高考英语语法填空技巧指导＋精做50题冲刺100分

专题03-有提示词之给出名词[技法指导]1.当提示词为名词时,考虑是否需要变成复数形式或变成形容词、动词等。[示例1](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ______(human) are.[分析] 考查名词复数。空处在句中作 we的同位语，单复数应保持一致，或者根据空后的 are可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填humans。[示例 2](2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their_____(day) routines.[分析] 修饰名词 routines 应用形容词形式， daily routine 为固定搭配,意为“日常生活”。2.名词复数的规则变化(1)一般在名词词尾直接加-s,合成名词变成复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数,如果没有主体名词,则将最后一部分变为复数。如:members 成员;passers-by 过路人。(2)词尾是-s，-x，-ch，-sh时一般加-es。如:boxes，buses，foxes， glasses, coaches。注意:stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加-s。(3)词尾是辅音字母+y时,变y为-ies。如:studies 研究;enemies敌人;difficulties 难事。词尾是元音字母+y时,直接加-s。如:keys钥匙。(4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时,一般把f或fe去掉再加-ves。如:shelves 架子。注意:下列以-f或-fe 结尾的名词直接加-s,如:roofs 房顶; chiefs首领;beliefs 信仰。(5)词尾是o的名词,有些直接加-s,有些加-es。如:pianos 钢琴; photos 相片;zoos 动物园;tomatoes 番茄;potatoes 土豆。〖精练细做50题〗1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas, 【答案】populations【解析】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。2. （2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.【答案】son’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。3.（2022年浙江 1月真题）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________ （invite）.【答案】invitation【解析】考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。4. （2018全国III） My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a __________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.【答案】scientist【解析】句意：我是米雷亚.梅尔，是研究诸如猿和猴子的科学家。由不定冠词a可知，应用单数可数名词；根据句意可知，这里指一位科学家。5.（2021新高考II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】representative【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。6.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ （marry）ceremony in 1842. 【答案】marriage【解析】考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。7（2021浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a ____38____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.【答案】person’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。8（2020新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb。意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。9（2020新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。10（2020新课标III卷）Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。11（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the __________ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。12（2020浙江卷1月）For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.【答案】numbers【解析】考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。13. （2019北京）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various ____________ (activity) on Earth Day. 【答案】activities【解析】句意：无论你喜欢做什么，地球日这一天你总有办法参与各种各样的活动。activity是可数名词，由various可知，应填复数形式。activity的复数形式是activities。14. （2018全国I）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___________ (cause). 【答案】causes【解析】句意：写这一评论的作家中有两名作家做了一项研究，并于2014年发表，研究表明一天只跑5到10分钟，就能降低心脏病和早死的风险。cause意为“病因”，是可数名词，在此作介词from的宾语，且有all修饰，应用复数causes。15. (2018浙江)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese           (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】句意：我认识的人中好像没有人有做饭的欲望和时间。做中国菜被认为是相当的麻烦。dish作“菜肴，一道菜”讲，是可数名词；这里前面没有限定词修饰，应用复数形式。dish的复数形式是dishes。16. （2017全国I）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side __________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 【答案】effects【解析】句意：作为抵御心脏病的一种方法而始于医学界的这种趋势，产生了诸如肥胖，心脏病等意外的副作用，而这正是医学界力图战胜的疾病。effect意为“作用”，是可数名词，在此作has had的宾语，且有some修饰，应用复数effects。17. （2017全国II）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ___________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 【答案】crowds【解析】句意：它运行不到7公里，却使人们上下班途中避免了路面上的拥堵。crowd意为“人群”，是可数名词，在此作avoid的宾语。因前面没有冠词，应用复数形式。18. （2017全国III） She has turned down several _________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 【答案】invitations【解析】句意：她拒绝了好几家名模表演的邀请。invitation意为“请帖”，是可数名词，在此作has turned down的宾语，且有several修饰，应用复数。19. (2017浙江) Last October , while tending her garden in Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small   ________   (carrot) and was about to throw them away.【答案】carrots【解析】句意：去年十月，Lena Pahlsson在瑞典的收拾花园的时候，她拔出了一把小胡萝卜，而且正要把它们扔掉。Carrot是可数名词，前有a handful of修饰，应用复数形式。20. （2016全国I）The nursery team switches him every few __________ ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum—she never suspects. 【答案】days【解析】句意：保育组每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹调换一下，以便一个在用奶瓶喂养，另一个和妈妈在一起，这一点她从来不怀疑。few后应接名词的复数形式。21. （2016全国II）Recent ___________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.  【答案】studies【解析】句意：最近一项研究表明，如果我们工作的时候有规律地休息一会，我们的工作效率会更高。study意为“研究”，在此作主语，谓语动词show是复数，所以主语应用复数。study的复数形式是studies。22. （2015全国I） I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ___________ (painting). 【答案】paintings【解析】句意：我绕过了桂林，其石灰岩山顶和碧绿的漓江水使游客魂牵梦绕的地方，艺术家拍摄大量油画的地方。painting意为“油画”，前有many修饰，应用复数形式。23. （2018全国I）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 【答案】strengthen【解析】句意：为避免膝盖疼，你可以在柔软的路面上跑步，锻炼来强健你的腿部肌肉，不要往山丘上跑，穿好的跑鞋。空格后面是名词短语，所以空格处应当是动词，与前面的to构成不定式，作目的状语。24. (2019全国II)We are so proud of her. It's __________ (wonder）.  【答案】wonderful【解析】句意：我们为她感到骄傲。太棒了。作表语，应用形容词，wonder的形容词形式是wonderful。25. (2019全国III) They also shared with us many     ______      (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists. 【答案】traditional【解析】句意：他们还和我们分享了很多有关夏威夷的故事，游客们非常喜欢夏威夷。修饰名词stories，应用形容词，tradition的形容词形式是traditional。26. （2019北京）Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___________ (meaning) college experience. 【答案】meaningful【解析】句意：学生们在考虑上哪所大学之前应该对大学报有合适的态度，而且尽早为健康而又有意义的大学生活做必要的准备。与形容词healthy并列，修饰名词experience，应用形容词，meaning的形容词形式是meaningful。27. (2019浙江) School uniforms are ____________ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.【答案】traditional【解析】句意：校服在英国很普及，但是有些学校开始抵制校服。作表语，应用形容词，tradition的形容词形式是traditional。28. （2018全国I） Running is cheap, easy and it's always ___________ (energy). 【答案】energetic【解析】句意：跑步花钱少，而且容易做到，总能使人精力充沛。这里作表语，说明跑步的好处，所以用形容词。energy的形容词形式是energetic。29.（2018II）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __________ (globe) fertilizer consumption.  【答案】global【解析】句意：据世界银行统计，中国占全球化肥消费总量的约百分之三十。这里作定语，修饰名词consumption，应用形容词。globe的形容词形式是global。30.（2017全国I）However, be __________ (care) not to go to extremes.  【答案】careful【解析】句意：不过，注意不要走极端。这里作表语，应用形容词。care的形容词形式是careful。31. （2017全国II）The central London Railway was one of the most _________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 【答案】successful【解析】句意：伦敦中心地铁是这些新线路中最成功的线路之一，并于1900年投入运营。后有比较的范围of these new lines，前面有the most，因此这里用形容词，与the most构成最高级。success的形容词形式是successful。32. She was taken to many hospitals, but none of the _______ (doctor) knew the cause of the disease.【答案】doctors【解析】句意：她被送到很多医院，但是没有一个大夫知道她的病因。none of后接名词的复数形式。33. Her dream is to help ________ (researcher) find a method for her disease.【答案】researchers【解析】句意：句意：她的梦想就是帮助研究人员找到治愈她的疾病的方法。researcher是可数名词，前面没有冠词，物主代词等限定词，应用复数。34. I’ve always loved wild animals and I’d love to see them in their _______ (nature) environment.【答案】natural【解析】句意：我一直都喜欢野生动物，并想去它们自然生长的环境中看它们。修饰名词environment，应用形容词。natural意为“自然的”。35. Throughout modern history, there has never been a __________ (science) as iconic as Stephen Hawking.【答案】scientist【解析】句意：在现代历史上，从来没有哪位科学家象斯蒂芬霍金那样成为人们的偶像。这里指“科学家”，故填scientist。36. The secretary arranged ___________ （convenience）time and space for the applicants to have an interview.【答案】convenient【解析】句意：秘书为应聘者安排的合适的时间和地点面试。作定语，修饰time，应用形容词。convenience的形容词形式是convenient。37. Hawking was an icon for many __________ (reason), but he will be best remembered for his work in the field of science.【答案】reasons【解析】句意：霍金成为偶像由很多原因，但是他最为人们所怀念的是他在科学领域的贡献。由many可知，应用复数，故填reasons。38. A painting caught my eye. To my amazement, it was painted by Steven, one of my ______ (student).【答案】students【解析】句意：一幅画引起了我的注意。使我惊讶的是我的一个学生——史蒂文画的。前有one of修饰，应用复数。39. While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the __________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 【答案】changes【解析】句意：虽然有瞬间改变的惊人故事，但对我们大多数人来说，这些改变是渐进的，需要长期的努力和艰苦的工作，就像清理污染的河流那样。这里作主语，且谓语是are，故应填名词的复数形式。40. As ________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 【答案】natural【解析】句意：作为自然建筑师，普韦布洛印第安人精确地算出土坯房的墙壁需要建多厚使这种循环持续更长时间。这里作定语，修饰architects，应用形容词。nature的形容词形式是natural。41. Just be ________ (patience).  【答案】patient【解析】句意：耐心点吧。这里作表语，应用形容词。patience的名词形式是patient。42．(2021·安徽六校第二次联考)Healthy and happy children provide the basis for a safe society for future generations when they become________(parent).【答案】　parents【解析】　考查名词单复数。句意：当健康快乐的孩子们成为父母，他们就为后代提供了安全社会的基础。parent是可数名词，根据此空所在从句的主语为they可知，此处应用复数形式，故填parents。43．(2020·绵阳联考)The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and________(roof)in the cold and freezing winter.【答案】　roofs【解析】　考查名词的单复数形式。根据空前的walls可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。44．(2021·济宁一中模拟)Last October，while tending her garden，she pulled out a handful of small________(carrot)and was about to throw them away.【答案】　carrots 【解析】　考查名词单复数。根据上文的“a handful of”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。45．(2020·临川一中等九校联考)This year is also likely to pave the way for a number of technological ________(advance).【答案】advances【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：这一年也可能是为众多的科技进步铺路的一年。advance作“进步，发展”讲时，是可数名词，且a number of通常修饰可数名词复数。故填advances。46．(2021·甘肃第一次诊断)The new technology has already been used to change the DNA in the cells of________(mouse)，monkeys and other organisms.【答案】　mice【解析】　考查名词单复数。句意：这项新技术已被用来改变老鼠、猴子以及其他生物细胞中的DNA。此句中的monkeys和other organisms都是可数名词的复数形式，此处与其并列，形式应保持一致，也应用复数形式。故填mice。47．(2021·福建高三质检)“Alaya，you don't have to do this if you don't want to.Nobody is forcing you.” Though I said I wasn't going to do it，my________(foot)carried me toward the pool.【答案】　feet【解析】　考查名词单复数。foot是可数名词，且没有被冠词修饰，故用复数形式。48．(2021·江西重点中学盟校联考)________(tomato)and potatoes took some time to become popular.【答案】　Tomatoes【解析】　考查名词单复数。and连接并列主语，由potatoes可知tomato应用复数形式。49．(2021·福州期末)A hutong is an ancient city street typical in Beijing.Surrounding the Forbidden City，many were built during the Yuan，Ming and Qing________(dynasty). 【答案】　dynasties【解析】考查名词复数。根据该句中的“Yuan，Ming and Qing”可知，该处指三个朝代，dynasty为可数名词，故该处用复数形式。 50.(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Historical            (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 【答案】accuracy【解析】考查词性转换　根据语境和空前的修饰词Historical可知，此处应用名词形式作主语，所以填accuracy。