牛津译林版英语七年级下册Unit1知识点学案
展开牛津译林英语7B Unit 1 知识点
Comic strip
- Would you like to live in a palace, Eddie? 你想住在宫殿里吗,Eddie?
①Would you like to do sth.? 你愿意做某事吗?(用来提建议)
肯定回答:Yes, I’d like/love to.或Yes, I’d like that.
否定回答:No, thanks.或I’d like to, but ...
e.g: --你愿意和我一起打篮球吗?--不好意思!我很想去,但我有很多作业要做。
--Would you like to play basketball with me?
--Sorry! I’d like to, but I have a lot of homework to do.
would like = want
would like sth./to do sth. 想要某物/做某事
②palace “皇宫,宫殿”, 指古代皇帝的宫殿或主教、大主教的住宅,也可表示“豪华住宅”“公共娱乐大厦”。
Palace(首字母大写)与the连用,可表示“宫廷中显要的人”,尤指国王或王后,此时谓语动词用单数形式。
- No, I’d like to live next to a restaurant. 不,我想要住在隔壁的饭店里。
next to “紧挨着,在……的旁边”,其后可接表示地点的名词或代词。
e.g: The Water Cube is next to the Bird’s Nest.
next to = beside或close to
e.g: Lily lives in the room next/close to our room. 莉莉住在我们隔壁的房间里。
- There are twenty restaurants in town. 在城里有二十家餐馆。
in town 在城里,town前无须加定冠词the
类似结构:in hospital 住院
at school 在学校
town比village(村子)大,比city(城市)小;与country(乡村)相对时,town表示“城市”,town and country城乡。
- --Which is your favourite? --哪一个是你最喜欢的?
--The biggest one in Fifth Street! --第五大街最大的一个。
①favourite
(n.)最喜欢的人或事物
(adj.)最喜欢的 =like ... best
e.g: 面条是我最喜欢的食物。
Noodles are my favourite food. = I like noodles best.
②biggest 最高级,用于三者或三者以上(人或物)的比较,前面一定要加定冠词the,后面长带of/in短语来说明比较的范围。
e.g: He is the tallest in our class. 他是我们班最高的。
Welcome to the unit
- Which country is this photo from, Simon?
country (n.)国家,复数:countries
(n.)农村,乡村
e.g: China is a great country. 中国是一个伟大的国家。
My grandfather likes to live in the country. 我爷爷喜欢住在农村。
- Is Tokyo the capital of Japan? 东京是日本的首都吗?
capital (n.)首都 the capital of ……的首都
(n.)省会 the capital of ……的省会
(adj.)大写的 The capital letter of “g” is “G”.
*部分国家与相应的首都:
国家(country) | 首都(capital) |
France法国 | Paris巴黎 |
Japan日本 | Tokyo东京 |
Russia俄罗斯 | Moscow莫斯科 |
Thailand泰国 | Bangkok曼谷 |
the UK英国 | London伦敦 |
South Korea韩国 | Seoul首尔 |
Germany德国 | Berlin柏林 |
Australia澳大利亚 | Canberra堪培拉 |
Italy意大利 | Rome罗马 |
Reading
- I live in a town 15 miles from London. 我住在一个离伦敦15公里远的小镇上。
mile (n.)英里,复数:miles,表示距离。
固定结构:基数词+mile(s)+from sp.,表示离某地多少英里。
e.g: My home is 2 miles from my school. 我家离学校两英里远。
类似mile的用法:metre米,kilometre千米
- My family and I often sit there and enjoy a cup of tea.
我的家人和我经常坐在那边喝茶。
①[解析family, house与home]
词条 | 含义 | 用法 |
family | 集体名词,“家人,家庭” | 是一种社会意义上的团体,与住房无关 |
house | 名词,“房子,房屋” | 侧重指居住的地点和建筑物,是不可迁移的 |
home | 名词,“家” | 指一个家庭共同生活的地方,也可指一个人出生或长大的地方。包含建筑物(house)和里面居住的人(family) |
地点副词,“家” | 与介词连用时,要省略home前面的介词,固定短语:go home回家 |
e.g: My home is in Beijing, China, with a family of three. We live in a large house.
我家在中国北京,是个三口之家。我们住在一栋大房子里。
②a cup of tea 一杯茶
固定短语a cup of(一杯……)用于不可数名词量的表达。
a cup of的复数结构为“数词 + cups of...”
- I live in a flat in the centre of Moscow. 我住在莫斯科中心的一座公寓房里。
centre常与the连用,意为“中心,中央,中心点”
in the centre of... 意为“在……的中心”
e.g: the centre of a circle 圆心
The library is in the centre of the city. 图书馆在市中心。
[辨析middle与centre]
middle | middle指距离两端或两边距离相等的中央或中间部分。如: I plant banana trees in the middle of the garden.我在园子中间种上香蕉树。 |
centre | centre指方、圆等的空间位于中心点的位置,centre比middle更确切。如: She is standing in the centre of the room. 她站在屋子中央。 |
- It’s not big, but we have a nice living room.
它不大,但是我们有一间漂亮的客厅。
living room “起居室,客厅”,是房屋构成的一部分。
[拓展]一般房屋的构成:
词条 | 含义 | 词条 | 含义 |
kitchen | 厨房 | study | 书房 |
bathroom | 浴室 | balcony | 阳台 |
bedroom | 卧室 | living room | 客厅 |
dining room | 餐厅 | garden | 花园 |
- I share a bedroom with my sister. 我和姐姐共用一间卧室。
share--本句中为及物动词,“共用,分享”。当表示“与某人分享,与某人共用”时,可用share sth. with sb.。
e.g: Eli shares his chocolate with the other kids.
伊莱与其他孩子一起分享他的巧克力。
share--名词,“一份,份额”。常构成短语a share of... 一份……
one’s share of 某人的一份……
e.g: Don’t worry. Everyone has his share of food.不必担心,每个人都有一分食物。
- We often listen to music in bed. 我们经常在床上听音乐。
in bed介词短语,意为“在床上”
[辨析in bed和on the bed]
in bed相当于under the covers,表示“在床上(指盖着被子)”
on the bed相当于on top of the covers,表示“在床上(指未打开被子)”
- I have my own bedroom and bathroom. 我有我自己的卧室和浴室。
own作形容词,意为“自己的,特有的”,常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词连用,表示“某人自己的”。
e.g: I see the whole accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到这次事故的全过程。
own作及物动词,意为“拥有”,相当于have。
e.g: Now my parents own a hotel. 现在我的父母拥有一家旅馆。
owner名词,意为“拥有者”
e.g: Mr White is the owner of this shopping mall.怀特先生是这家购物中心的老板。
- I love to sit there and look out at the beach and the sea.
我喜欢坐在那儿眺望沙滩和海洋。
①look out动词短语,意为“向外看”,后接宾语时要加介词at,即look out at;若接of,则构成look out of,表示“从……往外看”。
e.g: Tom often looks out of the window in class. 汤姆经常在课堂上朝窗外看。
look out单独成句,表示“小心,注意”,常用在祈使句中,表示提醒,相当于be careful或take care。
e.g: Look out! A car is coming. 小心!一辆车开过来了。
*look常构成固定短语:
look for 寻找 look around 环顾四周
look up 查阅,向上看 look after 照顾
look like 看起来像
②sea名词,意为“海”,同音词为see(看见),对应词是land(陆地),常与定冠词the连用。
*see常构成固定短语:
by sea = by ship 乘轮船
at sea 在海上
in the sea 在海里
[提醒]sea常用于专有名词,此时sea的首字母要大写。
e.g: the China Sea 中国海
- The bathroom is the best place to chat and watch TV.
the best place to do sth. 做某事的最好地方
句中不定式“to chat and watch TV”作后置定语,修饰“the best place”
e.g: Suzhou is the best place to visit in spring.在春天,苏州是游览的最好的地方。
- In most homes, people have dinner in the bedroom.
most在这里作形容词,意为“大多数的,大部分的”,通常用来修饰名词。
e.g: Most students are from the country in my class.我班上的大多数学生来自乡村。
most还可作代词,意为“大多数;大部分”,常与介词of连用,并根据of后的名词确定谓语动词的形式。
e.g: I spend most of my time on my study. 我花费大部分的时间在学习上。
Grammar
- 基数词
(1)构成:
①基数词1~12是独立的单词,无规律可循。
②基数词13~19基本是在3~9后加后缀-teen。
③20~90各整十位数都以-ty结尾。
④21~99除整十位数外,十位和个位间要加连字符“-”。
⑤100~999先说“几百”加and,再说末尾两位数或末位数。
⑥1000以上的数,从后往前每三位加一个千分号,第一个千分号在的位置为thousand,第二个千分号在的位置为million,第三个千分号在的位置为billion,依此类推。
[提醒]
①当hundred, thousand, million等前面有具体数词时,要用单数。
e.g: About 1.35 million people live in our city. 大约有135万人居住在我们市。
②表示不确定的数目要用“hundred, thousand...的复数+of”结构。
e.g: There are hundreds of people in the hall. 礼堂里有数以百计的人。
- Red Square in Moscow is about 91,000 square metres in size.
莫斯科红场约有九万一千平方米大。
in size介词短语,意为“在大小上”
e.g: My pencil is different from yours in size. 我的铅笔盒大小和你的不一样。
类似的固定短语有:
in area 按面积计算,在面积方面
in weight 在重量上
in colour 在颜色上
- France has an area of over 260,000 square miles.
法国面积超过二十六万平方千米。
①have an area of相当于be ... in area,表示“……的面积是……”,该句与“France is over 260,000 square miles in area.”同义。
e.g: The farm has an area of 100 square kilometres. 这个农场占地100平方千米。
②over介词,意为“超过”,相当于more than。
e.g: There are over 100 people in the supermarket. 超市里有100多个人。
[拓展]over的其他用法:
词条 | 词性 | 含义 |
over | 介词 | 越过 |
在……上方 | ||
遍及 | ||
在……期间,相当于during | ||
形容词 | 结束的;终了的 | |
副词 | 翻转;从一边到另一边 |
- 序数词
(1)构成:
①第一、第二、第三分别为:first, second, third。
②第4~19都由基数词加-th构成。注意fifth(第5),eighth(第8),ninth(第9),twelfth(第12)的拼写。
③整十位数序数词,将y变为ie,然后再加-th。
④几十几的序数词,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,中间加连字符“-”。
⑤百、千、万等的序数词,由hundred, thousand, million等加-th,前面加基数词构成。
[提醒]
①使用序数词时,前面应加定冠词the,但序数词前如果已经有其他限定词,则不加the。
e.g: His first name is Mike. But I don’t know his family name.
他的名词叫迈克。但我不知道他的姓。
②序数词起副词作用时,前面不加the。
e.g: Daniel always comes first in maths exams. 丹尼尔总在数学考试中得第一。
③序数词前可以加a/按,不强调顺序,表示“另一个,再一个”。
e.g: Helen reads the text a second time. 海伦又把课文读了一遍。
④序数词也可用缩写形式。 e.g: fourth-4th
[拓展]英语中基数词变为序数词时,有一些特殊变化,口诀如下:
一、二、三,单独记;
八去t,九除e,ve要用f替;
整十基数变序数,
ty变成tie;
要是遇到两位数,
十位基数个位序,
th最后加上去。
Integrated skills
- Your house is really different from the flats here in our town.
你的房子和我们镇上的公寓房真的不一样。
be different from...表示“与……不同”,本句中定冠词the不可省略,用于比较双方相同的事物。其反义短语为be the same as...,表示“与……相同”。
e.g: Country life is different from city life. 乡村生活与城市生活不同。
different的名词为difference,意为“不同点,不同的地方”。
e.g: I can tell the differences between the two words.我能说出这两个单词的区别。
- Your garden is full of flowers. 你的花园满是鲜花。
be full of满是,充满,相当于be filled with。
[拓展]full形容词,意为“满的,饱的”,反义词分别为empty(空的),hungry(饿的)。
e.g: I’m full. I have enough. 我饱了。我吃得够多了。
- I also have a bedroom of my own, but it is not big. 我也有一间自己的卧室,但是不大。
of one’s own属于某人自己的,原句中a bedroom of my own相当于my own bedroom。
on one’s own表示“独自”。
e.g: I have a car of my own. 我有一辆属于自己的轿车。
Lily goes to school by bus on her own every day.莉莉每天独自坐公共汽车去上学。
- I hope to visit your home some day. 我希望将来有一天拜访你家。
some day意为“将来有一天,总有一天”,也可写作someday,期中some表示“某个”,而不是“一些”。
e.g: You will be sorry about it some day. 总有一天你会对这件事感到后悔的。
- Can I take a message? 我可以传个话吗?
message名词,意为“消息,音信”,复数为messages。
固定短语:take a message 传个话,捎个口信。
e.g: Let’s leave her a message to meet us at the railway station.
让我们留个口信,让她到火车站去见我们吧。
[拓展]message构成的短语有:
send a message 发送信息
leave a message 留下口信
- Can you ask him to call me back? 你能让他给我回个电话吗?
call sb. back 给某人回电话,相当于ring/phone/telephone sb. back。
call动词,意为“打电话”。
[拓展]
①call动词, 意为"叫,喊"。
e.g: I hear someone calling for help. 我听到有人在呼救。
②call动词,意为“访问,拜访”,常用短语有:call on sb. 拜访某人;call at sp. 访问某地。
e.g: He wants to call on you at your office. 他明天想到你的办公室拜访你。
[提醒]英语中“打电话给某人”的表达方式:
call sb. (up) ring sb. (up) phone/telephone sb.
give sb. a call give sb. a ring make a phone call to sb.
Task
- My dream home is at the foot of a hill. 我梦想的家是在山脚下。
①at the foot of 在……脚下
foot可表示“底部,下端”
the foot of the page 页脚
the foot of the stairs 楼梯底部
There is a small town at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一个小镇。
[拓展]类似的短语有:
at the top of 在……顶部
in the middle of 在……中间
at the bottom of 在……底部
②hill名词,意为“小山”,in the hill在山上。
[辨析]hill与mountain
hill指小山丘,比mountain小;mountain指比较大的山,比hill大。
- I would like to invite my friends to watch films with me at the weekend.
我想要邀请我的朋友们在周末和我去看电影。
invite意为“邀请”,invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人去某地。该短语中,当表示地点的词是副词时,省略to。
e.g: You’d better invite him here. 你最好邀请他到这儿来。
[注意]invite后还可接动词不定式作宾语补足语,即invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。
e.g: He doesn’t invite me to play basketball with him.
他没有邀请我和他一起打篮球。
1 ---- Kate, can you get _________ chalk for Miss Zhang? ----Certainly.
A. a B. the C. some D. any
2 When the Spring Festival comes, children can’t _________ get red packets from their parents and grandparents.
A. wait for B. wait to C. look for D. look out
3 The students will visit ________ Summer Palace _______ Tuesday afternoon.
A. /, on B. /, in C. the, on D. the, in
4. It __________ great to watch Royal Madrid on TV tonight.
A. listens B. hears C. sounds D. listens to
5. Lin Tao and I live in the same building. But he lives two floors ______ me.
A. on B. over C. under D. above
6. He is quite polite and friendly _____ others.
A. for B. with C. to D. at
7. It’s nice to live in a small town in Thailand, but it ______.
A. rain a lot B. rains a lot C. rain a lot of D. rains a lot of
8. I often do my homework in my study ______ 7:00 and 9:00.
A. after B. before C. between D. in
9. Jim with his cousin ________ TV now.
A. are watching B. is watching C. watch D. watches
10. There are about two ______ workers in that factory.
A. hundreds B. hundreds of C. thousand of D. Thousand
- Tony’s mum looks young and beautiful. It’s hard to imagine she is already in her______ 。
- fifties B. Fifty C.fiftieths D. Fiftieth
- The boy isn’t _______ his mother,but he _____ his mother very much.
A. like,likes B. like,like C. look like, likes D. looks like, like
13. Can you hear it? _______ is singing Beijing Opera in the park.
A. Some old people B. Some one C.Anyone D. Someone
14.It rains a lot in Thailand.(同义句) There ____________________ in Thailand.
15.我们还能在别的地方买到这种台灯?Where _______ can we buy__________________?
16.下个月我将去和我姑姑住一阵子。 I’ll ___________ for some days next month.
17. There ________a welcome party for the new students from the USA next week.
18.Would you please _____(not turn) off the light?
19.Sandy often finishes doing her homework when it is 11 o’clock at night.(同义句)
Sandy often ______ her homework_______ 11 o’clock at night.
- The computer on the desk is________.
- twins B. the twin’s C. the twins D . The twins’
21. Jim’s mother was ill ________ for three days.
A. on the bed B. in bed C. in the bed D. on be