专题03说明文专练一-2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇（解析版）

这是一份专题03说明文专练一-2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇（解析版），共21页。

专题03说明文专练一
1.（2023·四川内江·统考一模）A company called OpenAI has recently announced a new version of its artificial intelligence (AI) artist, DALL-E 2. Given just a short sentence describing a picture, the tool can create complicated images (图像) in many different styles.
OpenAI has already changed the world once with its AI writing tool, GPT-3. GPT-3 was trained on huge amounts of writing in many different styles. When it was released in 2020, it shocked people by quickly creating complete, well-written articles in different styles. It is so powerful that OpenAI has tried to be prudent when it comes to how it allows people to use the tool, to make suire that it isn’t used for harmful purposes.
DALL-E actually grew out of an effort to apply GPT-3 to images. OpenAI released the first version of DALL-E last year. DALL-E 2 is even more powerful. DALL-E 2 has been trained on massive numbers of pictures with matching descriptions, which means it “knows” a lot about how different things look.
DALL-E starts its images with a pattern of random dots. It then changes the pattern of those dots until different parts of the image begin to match the description the DALL-E is given. Does DALL-E 2 have something new? The user can select an area of an image and ask DALL-E 2 to put something into the picture, or take it out. Some artists are concerned that their job opportunities might be limited if a computer system can make such high quality pictures on demand so easy. OpenAI says the tool will allow artists to be creative in new ways.
To make sure the tool isn’t misused, OpenAI already has strict rules about the sorts of images that can be created with DALL-E. One of those rules prevents DALL-E from creating realistic pictures of actual people. For now, the company isn’t releasing DALL-E 2. Instead, it is allowing a small number of people to work with the tool to learn more about what works well, and to discover possible problems.
1．What does the underlined word “prudent” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Confident. B．Proud. C．Patient. D．Careful.
2．Which is one of the talents DALL-E 2 has?
A．Describing pictures on demand. B．Processing the existing pictures.
C．Teaching artists how to paint. D．Grading paintings by humans.
3．What can be inferred about DALL-E 2 from the last paragraph?
A．It will reach consumers soon. B．It is not used by actual people.
C．It is being improved at present. D．It is advertised widely by OpenAI.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．How DALL-E 2 Makes Use of GPT-3 B．Why OpenAI Develops Its DALL-E 2
C．DALL-E 2 Helps Offer Artists New Jobs D．From Words, DALL-E 2 Creates Pictures

【答案】1．D    2．B    3．C    4．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。OpenAI公司的AI系统DALL-E 2在功能上有了很大的飞跃。它的创造性也引起了一些艺术家的担忧。
1．词句猜测题。根据下文“to make sure that it isn’t used for harmful purposes.”（以确保它不会被用于有害的目的）可知，它是如此强大，以至于OpenAI在如何允许人们使用该工具时一直试图谨慎，以确保它不会被用于有害的目的。所以划线词的意思是“小心，谨慎”。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Does DALL-E 2 have something new? The user can select an area of an image and ask DALL-E 2 to put something into the picture, or take it out.”（DALL-E 2有什么新东西吗?用户可以选择图像的一个区域，并要求dall-e2在图像中添加或删除某些内容）可知，DALL-E 2优势之一是处理现有图片。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For now, the company isn’t releasing DALL-E 2. Instead, it is allowing a small number of people to work with the tool to learn more about what works well, and to discover possible problems.”（目前，该公司尚未发布DALL-E 2。相反，它允许一小部分人使用该工具来了解更多有用的东西，并发现可能的问题。）可知，DALL-E2目前正在被改进。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“A company called OpenAI has recently announced a new version of its artificial intelligence (AI) artist, DALL-E 2. Given just a short sentence describing a picture, the tool can create complicated images (图像) in many different styles.”（一家名为OpenAI的公司最近宣布了其人工智能（AI）艺术家DALL-E2的新版本。只要给出一个描述图片的简短句子，该工具就可以创建多种不同风格的复杂图像）可知，本文介绍了OpenAI公司的AI系统DALL-E 2能根据文字创建图片    所以短文的最佳标题为“DALL-E 2可以根据文字创建图片”。故选D项。
2.（2022·甘肃兰州·统考一模）Are you planning to eat out tonight or are you going to stay in to save the pennies(省钱)? A meal out at a good restaurant or even a pizzeria can cost you a small fortune, so cooking for yourself makes financial sense. But with the rise in food prices, it’s important to be a wise shopper to keep your food bill in check.
These days our supermarket shelves are packed with tempting food items, from the daily staples, like bread and milk, to the exotic, like mangoes and kiwifruits(猕猴桃). There’s also the option of buying ready meals -convenient food that comes at a price. However, if you’re feeling hard up(拮据), there are things you can do to make the money you spend on food go further.
According to the BBC Food website, it’s all about changing your habits. It claims that cooking fulfilling and tasty meals on a budget is easy. It suggests a number of “tricks” such as using cheaper cuts of meat, “choose small amounts of meat with less expensive proteins” and “transform small quantities of leftovers into a heavy meal”.
A favorite entertainment of mine to help when money is tight is to stock up on items that are on special offer-such as BOGOF deals(Buy one, get one free).However, this is more of a problem when it comes to perishable(易腐烂的)items like fresh fruit and vegetables. In the UK, about 39% of household food waste is fruit and veg. So it’s a good idea not to stock up on too much of these things. Store them carefully and make the most of them in all your recipes.
Food waste is a big problem generally, so shopping carefully can also reduce the amount we throw away. And in Edinburgh in Scotland, it’s possible to reduce waste and not break the bank by visiting a recycled food shop, which has been set up to prevent extra food from shops ending up in the bins(垃圾桶).
Of course, the biggest thing you can do to help your cash flow is to cut back on take-away coffees and lunches.
Cooking your own meals is usually healthier for you and your finances.
5．According to the author, which of the following ways cost the least money?
A．To have meals at a good restaurant. B．To cook meals for yourself at home.
C．To buy exotic fruit and vegetables. D．To buy ready meals or convenient food.
6．What does the author usually do to save the expenses on food?
A．He chooses small amounts of meat with expensive proteins.
B．He transforms large quantities of leftovers into a heavy meal.
C．He stocks up on items of special offer -such as BOGOF deals.
D．He makes all the perishable fruit and vegetables in all his recipes. .
7．How do some people reduce food waste in the UK?
A．They often visits recycled food shops.
B．They store most of their food carefully.
C．They buy take﹣away coffees and lunches.
D．They only throw away the perishable food.
8．Which one can be the best title of this passage?
A．Ways to Cook Tasty Meals at Home B．Ways to Cut Daily Expenses on Meals
C．Ways to Buy Food in the Supermarket D．Ways to Store Fresh Fruit and Vegetables.

【答案】5．B    6．C    7．A    8．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食品价格不断上涨的当下，如何通过培养良好的购物和生活习惯，达到缩减食物花销的目的。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“A meal out at a good restaurant or even a pizzeria can cost you a small fortune, so cooking for yourself makes financial sense. (在餐厅用餐，抑或是一份披萨，都会花费你一小部分钱，所以在家自己做饭的确会帮你省钱)”和第二段“These days our supermarket shelves are packed with tempting food items, from the daily staples, like bread and milk, to the exotic, like mangoes and kiwifruits(猕猴桃). There’s also the option of buying ready meals -convenient food that comes at a price. (如今超市里琳琅满目地陈列着各种诱人的食品，从牛奶、面包这样的日常主食，到异域的新奇水果，如猕猴桃和芒果。我们也可以选择方便食品。但它们却价格不菲)”可知，花钱最少的方式还是在家自己做饭。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“A favorite entertainment of mine to help when money is tight is to stock up on items that are on special offer-such as BOGOF deals(Buy one, get one free). (当我手头不宽裕时，我最喜欢的购物方式就是囤积一些有优惠活动的产品)”可知，作者平时会购买一些有优惠促销活动的食品，来达到省钱的目的，故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第五段“And in Edinburgh in Scotland, it’s possible to reduce waste and not break the bank by visiting a recycled food shop, which has been set up to prevent extra food from shops ending up in the bins(垃圾桶). (在苏格兰的爱丁堡，人们可以去逛一下回收食物店，减少食物浪费，还能省下一大笔钱。开这些店就是为了阻止各个商店丢弃大量食物，造成浪费)”可知，在英国，一些人会光顾回收食品店，购买仍然可食用的食品，减少浪费。故选A项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But with the rise in food prices, it’s important to be a wise shopper to keep your food bill in check. (但是如今食品价格不断上涨，重要的一点是如何做一个聪明的购物者，减少食物花销)”可知，这篇文章主要探讨如何减少日常的食物花销，故选B项。
3.（2022·陕西渭南·统考一模）For everyone who hates setting their alarm an hour earlier to hit the gym, scientists may have some good news.
Afternoon workouts lead to better outcomes for some people, according to a study published this year. The study, which looked at men who are at risk for or have Type2 diabetes (糖尿病) found that participants who exercised in the afternoon experienced more metabolic (新陈代谢的) benefits as well as more positive effects on their exercise performance and fat mass compared to participants who exercised in the morning.
“Our body has a biological clock and this regulates many processes in the body and these processes have a rhythm,” said Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of metabolic aspects of Type 2 diabetes at Maastricht University in the Netherlands.
“Some of these are well known, like your body temperature and your blood pressure.” Schrauwen said. “Our biological clocks also influence our metabolism and whether our bodies burn fat or carbohydrates at certain times,” he added. And for study participants who were fat or at risk for Type 2 diabetes, those fat-burning processes were more efficient in the afternoon hours. Higher body temperatures in the afternoon may also help improve corporal performance, almost like a built-in daily warm-up.
“When you start to realize how strong this biological clock can be and then if you do the things like food intake on the wrong time of the day, or being active on the wrong time of the day or being inactive at times when you should be active, this can have a major influence.” Schrauwen added. “The good news is that you can also use it for your benefit.”
It can be especially helpful for competitive athletes or people training for a race to exercise in the afternoon of a day. For example, Schrauwen said he worked with a football team that was able to improve their performance by moving practice to the afternoon.
9．What is the good news mentioned in the text?
A．People do not need to set their alarm earlier any more.
B．Exercise in the afternoon is good for all human beings.
C．The men with Type 2 diabetes can be treated by exercising in the afternoon.
D．Some people get more benefits when they exercise in the afternoon.
10．What is the scientific basis of Patrick Schrauwen’s study?
A．Our bodies have a regular system. B．Our bodies can adjust to a new habit.
C．The patients with diabetes burn fat faster. D．People can do warm-up inside their bodies.
11．What does the underlined word “corporal” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Memorial. B．Physical. C．Natural. D．Mental.
12．How did Schrauwen prove his research?
A．By working with other scientists. B．By comparing the results from different people.
C．By trying it with specific groups. D．By helping participants at risk for diabetes.

【答案】9．D    10．A    11．B    12．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现对一些人来说在下午锻炼会有更好的效果。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Afternoon workouts lead to better outcomes for some people, according to a study published this year.(根据今年发表的一项研究，下午锻炼对一些人来说效果更好)”可知，有些人在下午锻炼会得到更多的好处。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Our body has a biological clock and this regulates many processes in the body and these processes have a rhythm(我们的身体有一个生物钟，它调节着体内的许多过程，这些过程是有节奏的)”可推知，Patrick Schrauwen的研究的依据是我们的身体有一个规律的系统。故选A。
11．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“And for study participants who were fat or at risk for Type 2 diabetes, those fat-burning processes were more efficient in the afternoon hours. Higher body temperatures in the afternoon may also help improve corporal performance, almost like a built-in daily warm-up.(对于肥胖或有2型糖尿病风险的研究参与者来说，这些脂肪燃烧过程在下午更有效。下午更高的体温也可能有助于改善corporal表现，就像内置的每日热身一样)”可知，下午较高的体温也有助于提高身体表现，就像每天的热身一样。故画线词意思是“身体的”，故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And for study participants who were fat or at risk for Type 2 diabetes(对于肥胖或有2型糖尿病风险的研究参与者)”以及最后一段“For example, Schrauwen said he worked with a football team that was able to improve their performance by moving practice to the afternoon.(例如，施劳文说，他曾与一支足球队合作，该球队将训练时间移到下午，从而提高了他们的表现)”可推知，施劳文通过在特定群体中尝试来证明他的研究。故选C。
4.（2022秋·安徽·高三校联考阶段练习）Clothes were once used until they fell apart. Not today. In high-income countries in particular, clothing and footwear are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon thrown away and replaced.
The so-called ‘Fast fashion’ is having a surprising environmental impact. The first one is water. The fashion industry consumes anywhere from 20 trillion (万亿) to 200 trillion litres every year. Then there are micro-plastics. Plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester (聚酯纤维) textiles, which make up between20% and 35% of the micro-plastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals, such as those used to make fabrics stain resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.
Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy. That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing processes, especially recycling. There’s a big role for research-both academic and industrial-in achieving these and other ambitions.
Researchers could begin by helping to provide more accurate estimates of water use. There is also work to be done on improving and expanding textiles recycling. Undoubtedly, used textiles go to landfill in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. Different fibres are not easy to identify by eye, and overall such manual processes are time-consuming. Machinery that can help is being developed. Technologies also exist to recycle used fibres chemically and to create high-quality fibres that can be reused in clothing. But these are nowhere near the scale needed.
Another challenge for researchers is to workout how to get consumers and manufacturers to change their behaviour. Other research questions include finding ways to encourage people to purchase long lasting goods; exploring how to satisfy desires for something new while reducing environmental impact; and understanding why certain measures can be successfully scaled up whereas others fail.
13．Why does the author mention “water”, “micro-plastics” and “chemicals” in Paragraph 2?
A．To provide an idea. B．To prove a point.
C．To give a definition. D．To present new concepts.
14．Which of the following goes against the concept of “circular economy”?
A．Efforts are made to lengthen the lifespan of textiles.
B．Worn-out clothes are used as dishcloths and oil rags.
C．High-quality fibres are created to be reused in clothing.
D．Fashion industry is encouraged to release new lines more often.
15．What is the right thing for the fashion industry researchers to do?
A．To make sure that all of the used textiles go to landfill.
B．To separate fibres, as well as buttons and zips manually.
C．To improve and expand textile recycling to a larger extent.
D．To encourage consumers to satisfy their desires for fashion.
16．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Say Yes to the So-called Fast Fashion
B．Cut Fast Fashion’s Environmental Impact
C．Address the Academic Challenges for Researchers
D．Improve the Efficiency of the Separation of Fibres

【答案】13．B    14．D    15．C    16．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了所谓的“快时尚”对环境产生的影响，以及给我们提供的建议，以避免这种影响。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The so-called ‘Fast fashion’ is having a surprising environmental impact. The first one is water. The fashion industry consumes anywhere from 20 trillion (万亿) to 200 trillion litres every year. Then there are micro-plastics. Plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester (聚酯纤维) textiles, which make up between20% and 35% of the micro-plastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals, such as those used to make fabrics stain resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.(所谓的“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响。第一个是水。时尚产业每年消耗20万亿到200万亿升的水。还有微塑料。当我们清洗涤纶纺织品时，塑料纤维就会被释放出来，而这些纤维占了堵塞海洋的微塑料的20%到35%。除此之外，还有一些特殊的化学物质，比如用于使织物耐污的化学物质，以及用于保护棉花等作物的农药)”可知，作者在第二段中提到“水”、“微塑料”和“化学品”的目的是为了证明一个观点，也就是“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段的“That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing processes, especially recycling. There’s a big role for research-both academic and industrial-in achieving these and other ambitions.(这至少涉及两件事：重新专注于制造耐用的物品，从而鼓励重复使用；并更迅速地扩展可持续制造过程的技术，特别是回收利用。学术和工业研究在实现这些和其他雄心方面发挥着重要作用)”可知，与“循环经济”的概念相抵触的是鼓励时尚产业更频繁地发布新产品。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Researchers could begin by helping to provide more accurate estimates of water use. There is also work to be done on improving and expanding textiles recycling.(研究人员可以从帮助提供更准确的用水量估算开始。在改善和扩大纺织品回收方面也有工作要做)”可知，时尚产业研究者应该做的正确的事情是在更大程度上改善和扩大纺织品回收利用。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The so-called ‘Fast fashion’ is having a surprising environmental impact.(所谓的“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响)”和第三段“Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy.(改变是迫切需要的，但这需要时尚行业更加努力地接受所谓的循环经济)”可知，文章讲述了所谓的“快时尚”对环境产生的影响，以及给我们提供的建议，以避免这种影响，因此最好的题目是B选项“减少快时尚对环境的影响”。故选B。
5.（2023秋·广东深圳·高三深圳市福田区福田中学校考阶段练习）Over the last few years, social mobility (流动性) between the generations has become an important topic. Many possible factors that prevent children from moving further up the social ladder than their parents have already been investigated, such as financial resources, the educational system and genetics. Recently, Dr. Reto Odermatt (University of Basel) and Prof. Dr. Warn Lekfuangfu (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) conducted a study to investigate the connection between career aspirations (抱负) in social mobility and later life satisfaction.
The basis for the study is a dataset(数据集) that follows the lives of over 17,000 people in the UK who were all born in the same week in 1958, and continues to collect data to this day. Among other things, the dataset gathers together information on each individual’s childhood environment, the backgrounds of their parents, the participants’ abilities, their aspirations in their youth, their jobs and their happiness as an adult.
The authors used this database to investigate how the aspirations of children and young people affect their later life. And they eventually found that the educational and career aspirations held by participants as teenagers were among the most important forecasters overall for their later success in education and careers. This indicates that ambitious career goals motivate people to invest more in their future career success.
The opposite is also the case: unambitious career aspirations can be an important explanation for limited social mobility. The study showed that young people whose parents were less well educated did indeed have less ambitious career goals. “This cannot be explained solely (唯一地) by the differences in family income or in participants’ abilities. It is more the case that inequality seems to begin early on, with their parents’ aspirations for them,” reasons Odermatt. “We didn’t expect parents’ aspirations for their children to have such a strong influence.”
“This reminds us that we shouldn’t leave it entirely to parents to influence children’s career aspirations; schools can step in here,” Odermatt points out. Teaching staff could actively make teenagers aware of careers that suit their abilities. This could encourage them to look beyond their own horizons. After all, a person’s view of the world is often strongly defined by their surroundings.
17．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To present previous research findings on social mobility.
B．To introduce the concept of social mobility to readers.
C．To indicate the complexity of social mobility research.
D．To stress the practical significance of the new study.
18．What can we learn about the database of the study?
A．It has some unexpected limitations.
B．It focuses more on children than on adults.
C．It covers many aspects of individuals involved.
D．It was set up through joint efforts of many countries.
19．Which of the following surprised the researchers?
A．“Dreaming big” can have a negative influence on young children.
B．Children’s future can be obviously affected by parents’ aspirations.
C．Educated parents tend to have unambitious aspirations for children.
D．Ambitious career goals can be helpful in removing social inequality.
20．What does Odermatt expect teachers to do?
A．To help students broaden their horizons.
B．To encourage students to try various careers.
C．To make changes to the students’ surroundings.
D．To improve students’ adaptability to new environments.

【答案】17．D    18．C    19．B    20．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，社会流动性中的职业抱负与后来的生活满意度之间有紧密联系。父母对孩子的期待影响着孩子的未来；学校应该让学生有更广阔的见识，注意自己适合的职业，以提高他们未来职业生涯的满意度。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“Over the last few years, social mobility between the generations has become an important topic. Many possible factors that prevent children from moving further up the social ladder than their parents have already been investigated, such as financial resources, the educational system and genetics. Recently, Dr. Reto Odermatt (University of Basel) and Prof. Dr. Warn Lekfuangfu (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) conducted a study to investigate the connection between career aspirations in social mobility and later life satisfaction.( 在过去几年里，代际间的社会流动已经成为一个重要的话题。许多可能阻碍孩子比父母在社会阶梯上晋升地更高的因素已经被调查过，比如经济资源、教育系统和遗传。最近，Reto Odermatt博士（巴塞尔大学）和Warn Lekfuangfu教授（马德里卡洛斯三世大学）进行了一项研究，调查社会流动性中的职业抱负与后来的生活满意度之间的联系。)”可知，代际间的社会流动性是一个重要的社会话题，但是之前的研究涉及的是经济资源、教育系统和遗传等因素，因此这项新的研究——社会流动性中的职业抱负与后来的生活满意度之间的联系有重要的实际意义，第一段旨在强调这一点，故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Among other things, the dataset gathers together information on each individual’s childhood environment, the backgrounds of their parents, the participants’ abilities, their aspirations in their youth, their jobs and their happiness as an adult.(除此之外，该数据集还收集了每个人的童年环境、父母背景、参与者的能力、青年时期的抱负、工作以及成年后的幸福感等信息。)”可知，该调查研究涉及个人的许多方面。故选C项。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“We didn’t expect parents’ aspirations for their children to have such a strong influence.(没想到父母对孩子的期望会有这么大的影响力。)”可知，让研究者意外的是父母的期望对孩子的未来有很大影响。故选B项。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段的前三句““This reminds us that we shouldn’t leave it entirely to parents to influence children’s career aspirations; schools can step in here,” Odermatt points out. Teaching staff could actively make teenagers aware of careers that suit their abilities. This could encourage them to look beyond their own horizons.(“这提醒我们，我们不应该完全让父母来影响孩子的职业抱负；学校可以介入，” Odermatt指出。师可以积极地让青少年意识到适合他们能力的职业。这可能会鼓励他们超越自己的视野。)”可知，老师应该帮助学生开阔眼界。故选A项。
6.（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）One morning a few years ago, at home in the Mänoa Valley on Oahu, scientist Kimberly Carlson looked out of the window and saw a rainbow so bright and clear that it took her breath away. That wasn’t a shocker: Hawaii is possibly the best place in the world to see rainbows today, and Manoa has particularly ideal conditions for clear bows: frequent rain showers and sunlight. But Carlson, now an environmental science professor now at New York University, realized she didn’t know the answer to a simple question: Would climate change affect Hawaii’s and the whole planet’s breathtaking rainbows? She shared the question with some climate scientist colleagues, and it interested them so much that they enlisted a class full of students to investigate.
Rainbows are not special because their basic ingredients are common and governed by relatively straightforward physics. “The basic recipe for seeing any part of the natural rainbow,” says Lee, “is sunlit rain.”
In November, they published their findings. “Climate change is affecting rainbows—now we know that’s true,” says Carlson, the lead author on the paper, which used computer models to simulate future rainbow-ready conditions. As major weather patterns change because of climate change, many parts of the world-particularly places nearer to the poles, like Alaska or Siberia, will get more rain—potentially adding dozens more rainbow-rich days by the end of the century.
The changes follow broader patterns of climate change; in fact, the shifts highlight some of the biggest risks and dangers. The increases in the Arctic, for example, are likely to play out because water that used to fall from the sky as snow will more often drop down as rain in a hotter future. And today’s rainbow-rich Amazon is predicted to suffer more frequently drought—both because the forest, which currently creates it sown rain, will lose that superpower as it shrinks, and because planet-wide climate change is shifting and changing the major weather patterns that cause tropical rainfall.
21．Why does the author mention Carlson’s experience in paragraph 1?
A．To explain a rule. B．To introduce a topic.
C．To present a fact. D．To make a prediction.
22．What is the most important reason of seeing a natural rainbow?
A．Frequent sunlight. B．Frequent rain showers.
C．The sunlit rain. D．The geographic position.
23．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Climate change causes more rainbows.
B．More rainbows worsen the climate condition.
C．There will be less rainbows in Siberia.
D．The temperature will be lower in Alaska.
24．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．There may be more snow than rain in the Arctic.
B．Rainbows will be on the increase always.
C．Increase of rainbows is a natural phenomenon.
D．Amazon may suffer from drought more frequently.

【答案】21．B    22．C    23．A    24．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过卡尔森多年前的一次看到彩虹的经历，进而提出气候变化正在影响彩虹，而随着气候的变化，未来在靠近两极的地方，尤其是阿拉斯加或西伯利亚——将会有更多的降雨，从而增加几十个彩虹多的日子。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Carlson looked out of the window and saw a rainbow so bright and clear that it took her breath away. ”（卡尔森向窗外望去，看到一道彩虹如此明亮清晰，让她屏住了呼吸。）及“But Carlson, now an environmental science professor now at New York University, realized she didn’t know the answer to a simple question: Would climate change affect Hawaii’s and the whole planet’s breathtaking rainbows? She shared the question with some climate scientist colleagues, and it interested them so much that they enlisted a class full of students to investigate.”（但是卡尔森现在是纽约大学的环境科学教授，她意识到她不知道一个简单问题的答案：气候变化会影响夏威夷和整个地球上令人惊叹的彩虹吗？她与一些气候科学家同事分享了这个问题，他们对此非常感兴趣，于是他们招募了一班学生进行调查。）可知，本段中提到卡尔森教授多年前的这次经历，是为了引出本段中他们招募了学生进行调查的原因。即是为了引入本文讨论的话题。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中““The basic recipe for seeing any part of the natural rainbow,” says Lee, “is sunlit rain.””（“看到自然彩虹任何部分的基本方法，”李说，“就是阳光照耀的雨。”）可知，看到自然彩虹的原因是阳光照耀的雨，故选C。
23．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In November, they published their findings. “Climate change is affecting rainbows—now we know that’s true,” says Carlson, the lead author on the paper, which used computer models to simulate future rainbow-ready conditions. As major weather patterns change because of climate change, many parts of the world-particularly places nearer to the poles, like Alaska or Siberia, will get more rain—potentially adding dozens more rainbow-rich days by the end of the century.”（11月，他们发表了他们的发现。“气候变化正在影响彩虹——现在我们知道这是真的，”该论文的主要作者卡尔森表示。该论文利用计算机模型来模拟未来可见彩虹的条件。随着主要天气模式因气候变化而发生变化，世界上许多地方——尤其是靠近两极的地方，比如阿拉斯加或西伯利亚——将会有更多的降雨，到本世纪末，可能会增加几十个彩虹多的日子。）可知，气候变化正在影响彩虹，而随着气候的变化，未来会有更多的彩虹。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And today’s rainbow-rich Amazon is predicted to suffer more frequently drought—both because the forest, which currently creates it sown rain, will lose that superpower as it shrinks, and because planet-wide climate change is shifting and changing the major weather patterns that cause tropical rainfall.”（而今天这个彩虹般富饶的亚马逊地区预计将遭受更频繁的干旱，一方面是因为目前正在产生雨水的森林，随着它的萎缩，将失去这种超级力量，另一方面是因为全球范围内的气候变化正在改变和改变导致热带降雨的主要天气模式。）可推知，未来亚马逊地区预计将遭受更频繁的干旱。故选D。
7.（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）Of all the weird and wonderful creatures living under the sea, perhaps the strangest are jellyfish—those rubbery, cone-shaped creatures found floating in the water, their long tentacles trailing behind.
Some jellyfish species have a bad reputation for scaring away tourists, clogging up fishing nets, and even blocking power station pipes. But with more and more plastic rubbish ending up in the sea, these days you’re as likely to swim into a plastic bag as a jellyfish. Now scientific research is discovering that these rubbery sea creatures might provide an answer—a sticky solution to the problem of plastic pollution.
In recent years, tiny pieces of plastic called microplastic have been a significant problem for the world’s seas and oceans. These plastics are not visible to the eye and aren’t caught by seawater treatment plants due to their small size, so they enter our system and harm our health. They’ve been found in many places—in Arctic ice, at the bottom of the sea and even inside animals. Slovenian scientist, Dr Ana Rotter, heads GoJelly, a European research team of jellyfish ecologists looking into the problem.
Microplastics, plastics in general, are becoming an increasing problem. Dr Ana Rotter says when she was a child, people were more environmentally friendly—not harmful to the environment or having the least possible impact on it. At that time, there were very few single-use plastics—plastic items, like spoons and forks, designed to be used just once, then thrown away. The situation since then has changed dramatically. In fact, there’s been such an increase in microplastics that today the UN lists plastic pollution as one of the world’s top environmental threats.
But how do jellyfish fit into the story? Well, it’s the ‘jelly’ part of jellyfish, and specifically their sticky, jelly-like mucus that is key. Jellyfish produce a thick, sticky liquid called mucus. Dr Ana Rotter has discovered that this mucus has strong absorptive capabilities—it can absorb, take in liquids and other substances. One of the substances jellyfish mucus absorbs are the particles that make up microplastics.
Dr Rotter’s research is still in the early stages, but it’s hoped that jellyfish mucus could hold the key to a future free of microplastic polluted oceans. Scientists are hoping that the mucus’s absorptive properties—its abilities to absorb liquids and other substances and hold them, will allow it to trap particles of plastic floating in the sea. By trapping these, the mucus acts like a magnet—an object that attracts certain materials, like metal, but in this case, microplastic waste.
25．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about ________.
A．where microplastics can be found
B．why microplastics can harm our health
C．what problems the seas and oceans are facing
D．how the research was carried out by the scientist
26．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Jellyfish species cause a great threat to the sea.
B．Jellyfish species like to swim and live in plastic bags.
C．Jellyfish mucus can attract metals and break them down.
D．Jellyfish mucus can absorb liquids and some other substances.
27．What does the underlined word “properties” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean?
A．Qualities. B．Substances. C．Choices. D．Materials.
28．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To show the harm that sea and ocean pollution brings to human beings.
B．To introduce the living habits of the weird and wonderful creatures in the sea.
C．To provide a new method for collecting data on environmental threats in the sea.
D．To inform a promising scientific finding for dealing with plastic pollution in the sea.

【答案】25．C    26．D    27．A    28．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着海洋中塑料垃圾的增多，科学家们正试图通过水母的黏液研究解决海洋中微塑料的方法。
25．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In recent years, tiny pieces of plastic called microplastic have been a significant problem for the world’s seas and oceans. (近年来，被称为微塑料的微小塑料碎片已经成为世界海洋的一个重大问题)”可知，本段主要介绍了微塑料近年来已经成为世界海洋面临的一个重大问题。由此可推知，本段主要介绍了世界海洋面临的问题。故选C项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Dr Ana Rotter has discovered that this mucus has strong absorptive capabilities—it can absorb, take in liquids and other substances.( 安娜·罗特博士发现这种粘液有很强的吸收能力——它可以吸收液体和其他物质)”可知，水母的黏液可以吸收液体和其他物质。故选D项。
27．词义猜测题。根据文章第六段中的“Scientists are hoping that the mucus’s absorptive properties—its abilities to absorb liquids and other substances and hold them, will allow it to trap particles of plastic floating in the sea.(科学家们希望黏液的吸收特性——它吸收液体和其他物质，并容纳它们的能力——能让它捕获漂浮在海里的塑料颗粒)”可知，absorptive properties与后面的its abilities to absorb liquids and other substances and hold them为同义表达，此处表示“吸收液体和其他物质，并容纳它们的能力”，由此可推知，此处指“吸收特性”，properties为property的复数形式，原意为“特性”，与quality互为同义表达。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。阅读文章内容可知，文章开篇通过水母引出话题，第二段“Now scientific research is discovering that these rubbery sea creatures might provide an answer—a sticky solution to the problem of plastic pollution.(现在，科学研究发现，这些橡胶状的海洋生物可能会为塑料污染问题提供一个棘手的解决方案)”提到了水母这种生物可能为塑料污染问题提供解决方案；第三、四、五、六段介绍了Ana Rotter博士利用水母的黏液吸收海洋微塑料垃圾的相关研究。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的在于介绍一种有望解决海洋塑料垃圾的科学研究。故选D项。
8.（2023秋·湖南永州·高三永州市第一中学校考阶段练习）A new study adds to evidence that pharmaceutical(制药的) drugs are polluting rivers in the UK. If antibiotics(抗生素) are widespread in the environment, that could eventually lead to them being less effective.
A study by scientists at the University of Leeds suggests that pharmaceutical pollution — small amounts of drugs like painkillers and antibiotics — is widespread in British rivers, and highlights the current lack of management around it.
Dr. Paul Kay, lead author on the study, which was published in the journal Environmental Pollution, and his colleagues found that small amounts of five pharmaceutical drugs were present in the majority of samples taken from the rivers Aire and Calder in West Yorkshire over an 18-month period.
One of the drugs found was an antibiotic. Letting antibiotics get into rivers like this could contribute to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, where antibiotics stop working as the microorganisms(微生物) they attack become resistant to them.
“If we’re discharging antibiotics into rivers all the time, and bacteria are being constantly exposed to them, then obviously they’re going to develop resistance,” said Kay. “In this particular study we only looked at five drugs, but there are potentially hundreds if not thousands of drugs in rivers,” he said. “And from our study, they just don’t seem to become less in rivers as we would expect them to do, based on our understanding from lab experiments.”
Kay and his colleagues took samples as far as 5km downstream from wastewater treatment plants, where the drugs are likely to have entered the river, and found that the drugs didn’t seem to get broken down. These “environmental microorganisms” can find their way into humans through water, air, animals, and food. And the effect of such drugs on wildlife is not yet clear. “I don’t think there are any enormous disasters happening,” Kay said. “On the whole it’s long impacts.”
29．What is the final result of pharmaceutical pollution?
A．It worsens the environment. B．It increases production costs.
C．It affects the quality of life. D．It reduces the effect of drugs.
30．What can be inferred about antibiotics from Kay’s words from Paragraph 5?
A．They mainly exist in five drugs. B．They can live for at least 18 months.
C．Their amount will not drop in rivers. D．Their effect on bacteria will rise.
31．What’s Kay’s attitude to the environmental microorganism?
A．Optimistic. B．Concerned.
C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.
32．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A literature review. B．A travel brochure.
C．A science magazine. D．A medicine guide.

【答案】29．D    30．C    31．B    32．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了药物对河流的污染从而最终导致细菌对抗生素的抵抗力增强。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段“If antibiotics(抗生素) are widespread in the environment, that could eventually lead to them being less effective.(如果抗生素在环境中广泛使用，最终可能会导致它们的效果降低。)”再结合第二段的关键信息“pharmaceutical pollution — small amounts of drugs like painkillers and antibiotics(药物污染—少量的药物，如止痛药和抗生素)”可知，药物污染最终会降低药效。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段“And from our study, they just don’t seem to become less in rivers as we would expect them to do, based on our understanding from lab experiments.(根据我们的研究，它们在河流中的数量似乎并没有像我们预期的那样减少，这是基于我们从实验室实验中得到的理解。)”可知，在 Kay他们的研究中，河流中的抗生素不会像我们预期的那样会数量变少。故选C项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I don’t think there are any enormous disasters happening(我不认为有什么巨大的灾难发生)”和“On the whole it’s long impacts.(总的来说，这是长期影响。)”可知，Kay 认为“环境微生物”不会带来巨大的灾难，但其产生的影响却是长期的。由此推断，Kay对“环境微生物”的影响还是很担忧的。故选B项。
32．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“A new study adds to evidence that pharmaceutical(制药的) drugs are polluting rivers in the UK. If antibiotics(抗生素) are widespread in the environment, that could eventually lead to them being less effective.(一项新的研究进一步证明了药物正在污染英国的河流。如果抗生素在环境中广泛使用，最终可能导致抗生素效果下降。)”可知，文章主要介绍了药物对河流的污染从而最终导致细菌对抗生素的抵抗力增强，由此可推知，文章可能来自科学杂志。故选C项。
9.（2022秋·江西赣州·高三校联考期末）Last night, my husband and I just celebrated our wedding anniversary. Recalling the fun we had on our wedding day as well as some of the funny accidents was a great way to get us close to each other and amp up the romance of the night.
Still, I could imagine my friends rolling their eyes at that idea. Engaging in nostalgia (怀旧) seemed embarrassing for them and they even worried it could make me regretful. After all, when you look back on the early days of your romance, you might feel bittersweet after realizing how much has changed.
But recent research suggests that feeling nostalgic about significant past events from your relationship can actually benefit it—whether you recall those alone or with your partner.
In one study, some participants in a romantic relationship were prompted to write about a nostalgic experience they’d had with their partner or to listen to a song that made them feel nostalgic about their relationship, while others wrote about an ordinary experience they’d had or a song they liked. Afterwards, those participants told the researchers how close and committed they felt to their partner, how satisfied they were with their relationship, and how much passionate love they felt for their partner.
After comparing the groups, the researchers found that those experiencing nostalgia felt closer, more committed and more loving toward their partner, and were more satisfied with their overall relationship. This was true even when accounting for other emotions, like happiness, which might affect our views of others.
“Our conclusion is that experiencing nostalgia temporarily enhances perceptions of romantic relationship quality,” says lead researcher Nicholas Evans of the University of Manitoba in Canada.
While past studies have found that feeling nostalgic brings meaning to one’s life and helps people feel more socially connected, the use of nostalgia in romantic relationships, specifically, had not been tested before. Evans believes this is an untapped resource for couples.
“Now, we have proved that nostalgia definitely could be one of many tools to help enhance romantic relationships,” he says.
33．What does the underlined phrase “amp up” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Assess. B．Recall. C．Increase. D．Ruin.
34．What is the author’s friends’ opinion on nostalgia?
A．Engaging in it is beneficial. B．It hardly affects relationships.
C．Experiencing it is very natural. D．It may lead to unpleasant results.
35．What were all the participants in the study asked to do?
A．Sing with their partners. B．Comment on each other.
C．Listen to nostalgic songs. D．Report their feelings.
36．What can we learn about the study?
A．It still needs to be improved. B．It is of pioneering significance.
C．Its result confirms couples’ belief. D．Its conclusion has been tested before.

【答案】33．C    34．D    35．D    36．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，怀旧有助于改善伴侣之间的关系。
33．词句猜测题。根据画线短语前“Recalling the fun we had on our wedding day as well as some of the funny accidents was a great way to get us close to each other and amp up the romance of the night.(回忆我们在婚礼那天的乐趣，以及一些有趣的意外，是一个很好的方式让我们彼此靠近并amp up夜晚浪漫的好方法)”可推断，回忆我们在婚礼当天的趣事以及一些有趣的意外是一个让我们靠近彼此和增加夜晚浪漫气氛的好方法。所以画线短语amp up为“增加”之意。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“Still, I could imagine my friends rolling their eyes at that idea. Engaging in nostalgia (怀旧) seemed embarrassing for them and they even worried it could make me regretful.(不过，我可以想象我的朋友们对这个想法会翻白眼。怀旧似乎让他们感到尴尬，他们甚至担心这会让我后悔。)”可知，作者的朋友们认为怀旧可能会带来不好的结果。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据第四段“Afterwards, those participants told the researchers how close and committed they felt to their partner, how satisfied they were with their relationship, and how much passionate love they felt for their partner.(之后，这些参与者告诉研究人员他们对伴侣的亲密程度和承诺程度，他们对这段关系的满意度，以及他们对伴侣的热情程度。)”可知，所有的参与者都告知了他们的感受。故选D。
36．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“While past studies have found that feeling nostalgic brings meaning to one’s life and helps people feel more socially connected, the use of nostalgia in romantic relationships, specifically, had not been tested before. Evans believes this is an untapped resource for couples.(虽然过去的研究发现，怀旧能给人的生活带来意义，并帮助人们感觉更有社会联系，但在恋爱关系中怀旧的作用，具体来说，还没有经过测试。埃文斯认为，这对夫妻来说是一种尚未开发的资源。)”及最后一段“Now, we have proved that nostalgia definitely could be one of many tools to help enhance romantic relationships(现在，我们已经证明，怀旧绝对可以成为增进浪漫关系的众多工具之一)”可推断，这个研究具有开创性的意义，它首次证明怀旧有助于改善伴侣之间的关系。故选B。
10.（2022·四川绵阳·四川省绵阳南山中学校考二模）Beautiful coral reefs (珊瑚礁) in Thai seas have been gradually worsening due to global warming that causes coral bleaching, in addition to certain human activities without proper control and environmental consciousness. Recently, researchers from Thai university Chulalongkom have created 3D-printed coral reefs modeled on the nature of real corals called Innovareef to accelerate the recovery of the coral reef ecosystem.
Innovareef corals are coated with calcium and phosphate nutrients (钙磷营养物) that corals need to thrive and consist of flat surfaces. The reefs’ holes serve as habitats and hiding places for many sea animals. Artificial reefs also make use of hydrodynamics technology to enhance their resistance to tidal forces and ensure that they stay in place. Finally, the PH (level of acidity) of the selected type of cement used for the reefs is close to that of seawater, and the design concept is that of Lego, easily assembled (组装) and disassembled blocks that are easy to transport and fix.
“The Innovareef is not too large. It’s light-weighted and can be carried by anyone thus saving transportation costs. You can simply put it at any desired location in the sea and then dive down to put all the units together to complete the Innovareef. Not even five minutes afterward, fish and several ocean creatures start to come in to survey and make it their new habitat, leading to biodiversity around the Innovareef. More importantly, the research data indicates that the settlement and growth rates of planula on the Innovareef are better than those on other artificial reefs,”said Associate Professor Dr. Nantarika Chansue at Chulalongkorn University.
Innovareef is the hope for the effective recovery of natural coral reefs. Now the team is focused on adding more details so that the new structures look more like natural reefs. For the future generations of Innovareef, the team will develop a more specific design for each sea species in the area.
37．What function is expected of the Innovareef?
A．To extend the life of corals.
B．To monitor the growth of corals.
C．To help restore natural coral reefs.
D．To protect coral reefs from human destruction.
38．What do we know about the Innovareef from paragraph 2?
A．It is highly resistant to heat.
B．It has low manufacturing costs.
C．It provides rich nutrients for fish.
D．It is portable and easy to assemble.
39．What are Dr. Nantarika Chansue’s words mainly about?
A．The advantages of the Innovareef.
B．The inspiration for the Innovareef.
C．The methods of improving ocean habitats.
D．The importance of protecting biodiversity.
40．What will researchers probably do in the future?
A．Apply the Innovareef on a large scale.
B．Carry out more tests on the Innovareef.
C．Make a specific design of the Innovareef.
D．Conduct further research on natural coral reefs

【答案】37．C    38．D    39．A    40．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家打印3D珊瑚礁Innovareef来帮助恢复天然珊瑚礁。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Recently, researchers from Thai university Chulalongkom have created 3D-printed coral reefs modeled on the nature of real corals called Innovareef to accelerate the recovery of the coral reef ecosystem.( 最近，泰国朱拉隆科大学的研究人员以真实珊瑚的本质为模型，创建了3D打印的珊瑚礁，称为Innovareef，以加速珊瑚礁生态系统的恢复。)”可知， 科学家打印3D珊瑚礁Innovareef的目的是帮助恢复天然珊瑚礁。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Finally, the PH (level of acidity) of the selected type of cement used for the reefs is close to that of seawater, and the design concept is that of Lego, easily assembled (组装) and disassembled blocks that are easy to transport and fix.( 最后，选择用于礁石的水泥类型的PH值(酸度水平)接近海水，设计理念是乐高，易于组装和拆卸的积木，便于运输和固定。)”可知，Innovareef携带方便，易于组装。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段“The Innovareef is not too large. It’s light-weighted and can be carried by anyone thus saving transportation costs. You can simply put it at any desired location in the sea and then dive down to put all the units together to complete the Innovareef. Not even five minutes afterward, fish and several ocean creatures start to come in to survey and make it their new habitat, leading to biodiversity around the Innovareef. More importantly, the research data indicates that the settlement and growth rates of planula on the Innovareef are better than those on other artificial reefs, (Innovareef并不太大。它很轻，任何人都可以携带，从而节省了运输成本。你可以简单地把它放在海中的任何想要的位置，然后潜到水下，把所有的装置放在一起，就完成了Innovareef。不到五分钟后，鱼类和其他海洋生物就开始来考察，并将其作为新的栖息地，从而形成了Innovareef周围的生物多样性。更重要的是，研究数据表明，浮虱在Innovareef上的沉降和生长速度比其他人工礁要好。)”可知， Nantarika Chansue博士的话是想要告诉我们Innovareef的优点。故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For the future generations of Innovareef, the team will develop a more specific design for each sea species in the area.( 对于未来几代的Innovareef，该团队将为该地区的每一种海洋物种制定更具体的设计。)”可知，科学家在将来会对Innovareef进行具体设计。故选C。