专题05议论文专练一-2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇（解析版）

这是一份专题05议论文专练一-2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇（解析版），共22页。

专题05 议论文专练一
1.（2022春·湖北武汉·高三武汉市第一中学校考阶段练习）In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic(官僚主义的)management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not change the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The workers and employees are anxious, seemingly because they might find themselves out of a job or they would say that they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. In fact, they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness(顺从)and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
1．By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery”, the author expresses the idea that man is .
A．a replaceable component of society, though functioning smoothly
B．expected to work in reasonable harmony with the rest of society
C．responsible for the smooth running of society and business operations
D．an essential part of society though individual’s function is insignificant
2．The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that .
A．they have to face the fundamental realities of human existence
B．they are filled with the well-founded fear of being unemployed
C．they don’t have any genuine satisfaction or interest in real life
D．they are forced to give up their individuality and independence
3．From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those who .
A．hold well-paid and life-long jobs B．enjoy high social status and reputation
C．stay away from over-competitiveness D．outperform their fellow-competitors
4．To solve the present social problems the author suggests the we should .
A．turn to the production mode of our ancestors B．enable man to fully develop his potentialities
C．offer higher wages to workers and employees D．take the fundamental realities for granted

【答案】1．A    2．D    3．C    4．B

【导语】本文为一篇议论文，作者认为，在现代官僚主义管理制度下，人出现普遍焦虑的现象，为了摆脱这一现状，社会制度应该向鼓励人及其潜能充分开发的人文主义工业转变。
1．词义猜测题。根据第一段“The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not change the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it.(起润滑作用的是更高的工资、设备完善的工厂和播放的音乐以及心理学家和“人际关系”专家；然而，所有这些润滑并不能改变这样一个事实：人已经变得无能为力，他不再全心全意地参与工作，他对工作感到厌倦)”可推断，通过 “well-oiled cog in the machinery(机器上润滑良好的齿轮)”，作者认为，尽管运行平稳，人却是社会一个可替代的组成部分，地位无足轻重。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.(事实上，他们在活着和死去的时候，从来没有面对过人类作为情感上和智力上独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实)”可知，工人和雇员焦虑的真正原因是他们被迫放弃自己的个性和独立性。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.(这种持续不断地需要证明自己与竞争对手一样好或更好的需要，导致了持续不断的焦虑和压力，这正是不快乐和疾病的根源)”可知，作者认为，过多的竞争导致的焦虑和压力是不快乐的根源，因此，生活中真正的幸福属于那些远离过度竞争的人。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities are the aims of social arrangements. (我建议把我们的社会制度，从以最大限度的生产和最大限度的消费为目的的官僚主义管理下的工业主义，转变为以人及其潜能的充分开发为社会安排目的的人文主义工业主义)”可知，为了解决目前的社会问题，作者建议我们应该使人充分开发自己的潜力。故选B。
2.（2021·浙江·天台中学校考模拟预测）Are you a moviegoer? If, like me, you’re a fan of film, then there’s no better place to watch something than on the big screen at the cinema. You enter the dark theatre and take your seat, ready to be entertained. But while you are absorbed in some movie magic, many others are now getting their film fix at home.
Over the last few years, cinemas have seen a comeback. Customers have been attracted by comfortable seats, and lots of choice of things to watch. Multiplexes in particular can screen up to twenty films at the same time, suiting all different tastes. In addition, 3D and even 4D movies can give the audience an extra immersive experience. So, what’s not to like about a trip to the cinema?
One answer to that question is convenience. Rather than going out, it’s so much easier to stay in and watch movies on a TV screen via an online streaming service. There’s plenty of choice, and it’s relatively cheap as well. But, personally, I find there’re too many distractions, and watching at home is not such an event. I miss the cinema!
The coronavirus pandemic has put the future of cinemas under the spotlight. Some have had to close because of reduced ticket sales. In the UK, it’s brought about a surge in TV watching and online streaming. It’s reported that half of UK adults will keep and continue using their new streaming subscriptions.
This isn’t great news for cinemas. They rely on the release of a big blockbuster to bring the crowds back, but the launch of new films, such as James Bond: No Time To Die, are being delayed. Disney has released its $200m blockbuster, Mulan, online instead of in movie theatres. John Fithian, from the National Association of Theatre Owners, told Variety magazine: “This idea of waiting out the pandemic to make your movies more profitable doesn’t make sense to me. There won’t be as much of an industry left to play your movies in if you do that.”
5．What’s mainly talked about in paragraph 2?
A．Why people don’t like to go to the cinema.
B．What has helped cinemas make a comeback.
C．How cinemas have developed in the last few years.
D．Whether cinemas can remain popular in the future.
6．What does the author say about watching films at home?
A．It can hardly suit all different tastes. B．It’s time-consuming due to distractions.
C．It offers a variety of films free of charge. D．It’s not as enjoyable an experience as going to cinemas.
7．What does the underlined word “surge” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Sudden increase. B．Short-term benefit.
C．potential influence. D．Fierce competition.
8．Which view would John Fithian agree with?
A．The release of blockbusters cannot bring the crowds back.
B．The pandemic hasn’t had a great effect on the film industry.
C．Delaying the release of blockbusters can bring in more profits.
D．Releasing films online is an alternative during the pandemic.

【答案】5．B    6．D    7．A    8．C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就疫情影响下的电影业未来进行了论述，作者比起在家，更喜欢去电影院看电影。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Over the last few years, cinemas have seen a comeback. Customers have been attracted by comfortable seats, and lots of choice of things to watch. Multiplexes in particular can screen up to twenty films at the same time, suiting all different tastes. In addition, 3D and even 4D movies can give the audience an extra immersive experience.(在过去的几年里，电影院已经卷土重来。舒适的座椅和众多的观赏选择吸引了顾客。特别是多厅影院，可以同时放映20部电影，适合各种口味。此外，3D甚至4D电影可以给观众带来额外的身临其境的体验。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是电影院又流行起来的原因，故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But, personally, I find there’re too many distractions, and watching at home is not such an event.(但就我个人而言，我发现有太多让人分心的事情，在家看电影完全不是那么回事)”可推知，作者在家看电影没有在影院看电影那种愉快的感受。故选D项。
7．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The coronavirus pandemic has put the future of cinemas under the spotlight. Some have had to close because of reduced ticket sales.”以及后文“in TV watching and online streaming”可知，疫情对影院有极大的影响：一些影院由于门票销售减少而不得不关闭。影院的关闭后，看电视和在线流媒体的数量应该激增。故画线词意思是“突然增多”。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Disney has released its $200m blockbuster, Mulan, online instead of in movie theatres.This idea of waiting out the pandemic to make your movies more profitable doesn’t make sense to me. There won’t be as much of an industry left to play your movies in if you do that.(迪士尼已将其2亿美元的大片《花木兰》从影院改为在线发布。在我看来，等待疫情结束让你的电影更赚钱的想法是没有意义的。如果你这样做，就不会有那么多的产业可以播放你的电影了)”可推知，他是支持疫情期间不要延迟上映新的电影，在网上上映不失为一种好的选择。故选C项。
3.（2021秋·吉林长春·高三长春吉大附中实验学校校考阶段练习）If you were born in the 2000s, you are called the oh-ohs. The 21st century. That would make you young, creative, connected, global, and no doubt smart. Maybe good-looking, too. Right? But what do other people think about your generation?
Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you. They think of you as the “face-down generation” because you use your phone so much and they wonder how you will deal with school, friends, and family. Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies to become successful in real life?
Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoilt ( 溺 爱 ) and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents” who were always there to guide and help them with a busy schedule filled with homework and after-school activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports. With parents who do everything for them, today’s youth seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s.
Does the face-down generation need a heads-up? Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They seem to be willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’ rights to go to school.
So if you’re one of the oh-ohs, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face-down generation. Chances are that you will do GR8 (great) and LOL (laugh out loud).
9．What is the function of Paragraph 1?
A．To show a public concern. B．To start a debate.
C．To explain a scientific term. D．To introduce the topic.
10．According to the text, which of the following may worry some adults?
A．Oh-ohs’ poor eyesight. B．Oh-ohs’ tight schedules.
C．Oh-ohs’ lack of independence. D．Oh-ohs’ strong creativity.
11．What does the underlined word “heads-up” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Early warning. B．Warm welcome.
C．Effective medicine. D．Sincere encouragement.
12．What can we infer from the text?
A．The author is one of the oh-ohs. B．Oh-ohs are likely to have a bright future.
C．Oh-ohs will spend less time on phones. D．Oh-ohs will meet more challenges than adults.

【答案】9．D    10．C    11．A    12．B

【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述对在21世纪出生的一代年轻人的看法。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you were born in the 2000s, you are called the oh-ohs. The 21st century. That would make you young, creative, connected, global, and no doubt smart. Maybe good-looking, too. Right? But what do other people think about your generation?（如果你出生在21世纪，你会被叫作oh-ohs。21世纪使你变得年轻、有创造力、有联系的、全球化的并且无疑是聪明的。或许也是长得好看的。对吗？但是其他人怎么认为你们这一代呢？）”可知，文章第一段引出oh-ohs这一话题，故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoilt ( 溺 爱 ) and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents” who were always there to guide and help them with a busy schedule filled with homework and after-school activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports.（其他大人们担心今天的年轻人被溺爱并且不想面对成人生活的挑战。许多出生在20世纪90年代和21世纪的孩子被直升机式的父母抚养。这些父母总是用忙碌的作息表、作业和课后活动指导和帮助孩子，例如：跳舞、画画或运动。）”可知，oh-ohs一代总是有父母帮着规划生活和学习，他们并不独立。所以缺乏独立性会使大人们担心，故选C项。
11．词义猜测题。根据第四段“Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations.（当然，可能不。事实上今天的许多青少年比上一代人受到了更好的教育并且更有创造力。）”可知not表示否定，即不需要heads-up。再根据本句是对oh-ohs一代的表扬和积极的概括，可推断heads-up是个消极词汇，故选A项。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So if you’re one of the oh-ohs, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future.（所以如果你是oh-ohs中的一个，有理由对将来充满希望。）”可知，oh-ohs一代会拥有一个光明的未来，故选B项。
4.（2021·江苏常州·常州高级中学校考二模）Do you like writing a few paragraphs every day about your experiences, hopes, memories or feelings? If you don't, it's time to make a change now. Here is why.
You will gradually become better at expressing yourself. When I am forced to write every day because of a book deadline(最后期限), I am always amazed at how quickly my writing and verbal(口头的) communication skills improve. When we become lazy with words, it is more difficult to describe feelings, share experiences and make ourselves understood.
You will remember things long forgotten. As you write about memories, it is like opening an old photo album. Your pen begins to explore feelings and details you have forgotten, and dreams you have left behind. You suddenly remember people you would like to contact again. Writing is an activity that avoids distractions(分心) long enough for you to explore those wonderful moments of the past. Sometimes they are frightening. Sometimes they are wonderful and almost always they are helpful.
Writing about daily experiences and feelings provides a recorded history that will influence how you make future decisions. There's a reason that the greatest leaders in history were students of history. They learned from what had happened before. Your history is important. Don't let it be forgotten.
Writing reminds you of your dreams and keeps you moving toward them. It is a means of keeping track of your purpose and the goals that will lead you to achieve them. Reviewing what you have written is a perfect way to see your progress and to show when you have been distracted and may need to give all your attention again to your writing.
Writing a little every day could provide the material that someday becomes a published book. When I wrote about my four-year-old granddaughter who had lost in the mountains, I never dreamed it would be in a book.
13．What did the author want to show by giving the example in Paragraph 2?
A．We shouldn't be lazy with words.
B．A deadline encourages us to work hard.
C．Writing helps us better express ourselves.
D．There're good ways to improve our writing skills,
14．According to Paragraph 3, what does writing help us do?
A．Improve our memory quickly. B．Think of our past experiences.
C．Successfully achieve our dreams. D．Explore happy moments in others' lives.
15．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell about writing?
A．It can be encouraging. B．It can be distracting.
C．It can be disappointing. D．It can be interesting.
16．What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?
A．To tell how to publish books one day.
B．To explain why the author loves writing.
C．To tell how to improve our writing skills.
D．To encourage us to write about our lives every day.

【答案】13．C    14．B    15．A    16．D

【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为每天坚持写作是非常有好处的，并从五个方面证明了自己的观点。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“You will gradually become better at expressing yourself.”（你会逐渐变得更善于表达自己。）可知，本段主要讲了写作对自我表达的好处。作者随后举例子也是想证明写作可以帮助我们更好地表达自己。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Writing is an activity that avoids distractions(分心) long enough for you to explore those wonderful moments of the past.”可知，写作是这样一种活动，它可以让你避免分心太久，让你去探索过去那些美妙的时刻。也就是说，我们可以通过写作来重新思考和回忆过去的经历。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。首句“Writing reminds you of your dreams and keeps you moving toward them.”（写作让你想起自己的梦想，让你不断朝着梦想前进。）是本段的中心句，可知全段都在写写作对于梦想和目标的推动作用。选项A中的encouraging意为：令人鼓舞的，鼓舞人心的。与中心句意思一致。故选A项。
16．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“If you don't, it's time to make a change now. Here is why.”（如果你不喜欢，现在是时候做出改变了，以下是原因。）可知，全文内容都是作者列举的要养成写作习惯的原因。那么作者写这些原因的目的显然是说服读者“make a change now”做出改变，即：养成每天写一点东西的习惯。故选D项。
5.（2022·上海闵行·统考一模）Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive.
Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.
Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use.
One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.
17．In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______.
A．not widely supported B．costly to carry out
C．generally recognized D．temporarily beneficial
18．According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced?
A．Drivers will become more productive employees.
B．Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas.
C．Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place.
D．Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding.
19．Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the measures to improve traffic?
A．They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately.
B．They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm.
C．They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection.
D．They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive.
20．The author wrote this massage mainly to ______.
A．support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic.
B．oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment.
C．provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion.
D．indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic.

【答案】17．A    18．C    19．B    20．D

【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便。这一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段第五句“Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood.(更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.(如果你将通勤时间减少10%，那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变)”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项。
19．推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句“Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额外的驾驶。）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害。故选B项。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use.(这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持)”和最后一句“No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.(从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值得追求的目标)”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的。故选D项。
6.（2022秋·河北邯郸·高三校联考阶段练习）Last summer, Steven Eaton received more than 200 young people on his organic farm. None of them said that they wanted to make money from farming. Some of them described it as a kind of protest against the idea that success means a big paycheck and many took it as a means to protect the environment.
Steven Eaton understands such idealists(理想主义者)and he was one of them about a decade ago. In 2010, he was in a law school in Washington, DC, but not enjoying it much. Then he applied to work on a farm in West Virginia in summer.
“I felt lost when I was in the city. It’s in the field that I found peace and harmony in my life,” recalls Eaton, who now runs an organic farm close to New York City. “So I went back to West Virginia after graduation.”
Farming—the independence and the connection to something as real as soil and food—was the one thing that he wanted to throw himself into. And he’s been doing it ever since.
But it wasn’t always a big happy folk dance.
“I had a lot of failures in the first couple of years and I didn’t really know what I was doing,” he laughs.
Eventually, he learned to be realistic about farming. “It’s good to be an idealist. But if you’re going to stick with it, and expect to make a living at it, you’ve got to be realistic about the business aspects: Money, managing money, borrowing money, and all the things that a business person has to do. You have to learn to like that and be willing to be good at that. That may even mean burning a little more fossil fuel, so you can get your produce to cities, where people pay higher prices.”
That sense of farming as a practical form of idealism is probably the biggest thing the young people have to learn. When you’re farming, you have to put survival first.
21．Why did many of the young people want to become farmers?
A．To make a lot of money. B．To apply their learning to practice.
C．To protect the environment. D．To study the pollution in agriculture.
22．Which of the following best describes Steven Eaton as a law student?
A．Idealistic. B．Realistic. C．Selfless. D．Successful.
23．What message does Steven Eaton want to convey to the young people?
A．Put environment before profit.
B．Be realistic about the business aspects.
C．Stick to your idealism forever.
D．Find a much easier job than farming.
24．What does the author think of Steven Eaton’s advice?
A．Outdated. B．Useless. C．Funny. D．Valuable.

【答案】21．C    22．A    23．B    24．D

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为年轻人在选择职业时可以有一定的理想主义成分。但是，在从事具体的工作时就得脚踏实地，知道妥协，不走极端。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“None of them said that they wanted to make money from farming. Some of them described it as a kind of protest against the idea that success means a big paycheck and many took it as a means to protect the environment.(他们中没有一个人说过他们想从务农中赚钱。他们中的一些人认为这是对成功意味着高薪的一种抗议，许多人认为这是一种保护环境的手段)”可知很多年轻人想成为农民是为了保护环境。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Steven Eaton understands such idealists and he was one of them about a decade ago.(史蒂文·伊顿(Steven Eaton)了解这些理想主义者，大约十年前他就是其中之一)”可知，Steven Eaton在法学院读书时也是一个理想主义者。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据第七段“But if you’re going to stick with it, and expect to make a living at it, you’ve got to be realistic about the business aspects: Money, managing money, borrowing money, and all the things that a business person has to do. You have to learn to like that and be willing to be good at that. That may even mean burning a little more fossil fuel, so you can get your produce to cities, where people pay higher prices.(但如果你打算坚持下去，并期望以此为生，你就必须对商业方面的问题保持现实的态度：钱、理财、借钱，以及所有商业人士必须做的事情。你必须学会喜欢它，并愿意做好它。这甚至可能意味着燃烧更多的化石燃料，这样你就可以把你的产品送到城市，那里的人们支付更高的价格)”可知， Steven Eaton希望年轻人对农场的经营应该务实些。故选B项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That sense of farming as a practical form of idealism is probably the biggest thing the young people have to learn. When you’re farming, you have to put survival first.(把农业当作一种理想主义的实际形式，这可能是年轻人必须学习的最重要的东西。当你种地的时候，你必须把生存放在第一位)”可推断，作者认为Steven Eaton的建议还是很接地气的而有价值的。故选D项。
7.（2022·天津·一模）How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child — things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his parents, he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things or being punished for what he has done wrong.
When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.
25．According to the second paragraph, the writer thinks that _______.
A．only children are interested in life
B．life for a child is comparatively easy
C．a child is always loved whatever he does
D．if much is given to a child, he must do something in return
26．After a child grows up, he ________.
A．will have little time playing
B．has to be successful in finding a job
C．can still ask for help in time of trouble
D．should be able to take care of himself
27．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．People are often satisfied with their life.
B．Life is less interesting for old people.
C．Adults are freer to do what they want to do.
D．Adults should no longer rely on others.
28．The main idea of the passage is _________.
A．life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains
B．young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard
C．childhood is the more enjoyable time in one’s life
D．one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life
29．The paragraph following this passage will most probably discuss _________.
A．examples of successful young men
B．how to build up one’s position in society
C．pleasures and pains of old people
D．what to do when one has problems in life

【答案】25．B    26．D    27．A    28．D    29．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述一个人如果能很好地利用生命中的每一个年龄，他就是最幸福的。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return.(童年是一个几乎没有责任让生活变得困难的时期。如果一个孩子有好的父母，无论他做什么，他都会得到喂养、照顾和关爱。他不可能在一生中再次得到如此多的东西而不做任何回报)”推知，作者认为孩子的生活相对容易。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段的“When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. (当一个年轻人开始自己谋生时，他就不能再指望别人为他支付衣食住行，如果他想生活得舒适，他就必须工作)”可知，孩子长大后就应该有能力照顾自己。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段的“How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again. (人们经常听到孩子们希望自己长大，老人们希望自己再次年轻)”可知，人们并不总是对自己的生活感到满意。A项“人们通常对他们的生活感到满意”与原文内容不符。故选A。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.(每个年龄段都有它的快乐和痛苦，最幸福的人是享受每个年龄段给予他的东西而不在无用的悔恨中浪费时间的人)”并结合下文讨论儿童和年轻人生活中的快乐和痛苦可知，本文主要为了表明一个人如果能很好地利用生命中的每一个年龄，他就是最幸福的。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.(每个年龄段都有它的快乐和痛苦，最幸福的人是享受每个年龄段给予他的东西而不在无用的悔恨中浪费时间的人)”并结合第二、三段分别讨论儿童和年轻人生活中的快乐和痛苦推知，下文应讨论老人生活中的快乐和痛苦。故选C。
8.（2022·全国·一模）I major in Mechanical Engineering and Political Science. When someone hears what I study, I’m usually meant with two reactions. First up is a small smile with the word “overachiever” on the tip of their tongue. The second is a look of confusion, followed by an exaggerated (夸张的) “why?”. The short answer: I want to be a problem solver, and engineering teaches me how to become that type of person. In addition, I also want to be able to look at the bigger picture.
It’s the beginning of a new year, and a lot of first-years have plans for double or triple majors. However, as most of us quickly realize after that first fall semester, college is a lot! We are unavoidably forced to make choices — do we keep trying to make our double or triple majors work or do we completely switch gears? The thing I wished someone told me on day one is if you’re passionate about something, it’s not going to feel like work. Political Science can be challenging, but to me, it’s fun to read the Constitution (宪法) and see the impact each word has on our interpretation.
This may sound hard to accept, but if you are double or triple majoring because you think you’re in a race with your peers, you’re only running yourself into the ground. Don’t double or triple major if you are doing it for a mark on your resume (简历), because then your life will be a living hell for the next four years. What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have — whether it be in your study, career, or something else your career and study will enable you to do.
Always think about your “why” when it comes to the schedule a double or triple major entails. Because at the end of the day, it’s going to be you doing the homework — so try to enjoy what you’re doing along the ride for what it’s worth.
30．How do people tend to feel about the writer’s majors?
A．Impressed or puzzled. B．Ashamed or challenged.
C．Satisfied or confused. D．Amazed or concerned.
31．What enables the writer to enjoy learning Political Science?
A．The value of studying the Constitution.
B．The influence of learning engineering.
C．His career planning for the future.
D．His enthusiasm for the major.
32．According to the author, what causes multiple majors’ hard situation in college?
A．Adjusting the schedule for majors constantly.
B．Pursuing multiple majors out of competitive motivation.
C．Making random choices without sufficient consideration.
D．Estimating the difficulty of multiple majoring inaccurately.
33．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A．To promote the concept of multiple majoring.
B．To explain the reasons for choosing a double major.
C．To compare the gains and losses of multiple majoring.
D．To stress the significance of passion in multiple majoring.

【答案】30．A    31．D    32．B    33．D

【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述大学生不要盲目为了竞争而选择多个专业，一定要是因为热情和激情才去选择多个专业。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段“When someone hears what I study, I’m usually meant with two reactions. First up is a small smile with the word “overachiever” on the tip of their tongue. The second is a look of confusion, followed by an exaggerated (夸张的) “why?”.”(当有人听到我学习的内容时，我通常会有两种反应。首先是一个小小的微笑并且说“太有成就了”。第二种是困惑的表情，接着是夸张的“为什么？”。)可知，当人们听到作者的专业时，有的会很佩服，有的是很困惑。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据第二段“Political Science can be challenging, but to me, it’s fun to read the Constitution (宪法) and see the impact each word has on our interpretation.”(政治学可能具有挑战性，但对我来说，阅读《宪法》，看看每一个字对我们的解释有什么影响是很有趣的。)和第三段“What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have - whether it be in your study, career, or something else your career and study will enable you to do.”(让你印象深刻的是你所拥有的激情——无论是在你的学习、职业生涯中，还是在你的职业和学习将使你能够做的其他事情中。)可知，是热情和激情使得作者喜欢学习政治学。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据第三段“This may sound hard to accept, but if you are double or triple majoring because you think you’re in a race with your peers, you’re only running yourself into the ground. Don’t double or triple major if you are doing it for a mark on your resume (简历), because then your life will be a living hell for the next four years.”(这听起来可能很难接受，但如果你是双主修或三主修，因为你认为你在与同龄人竞争，你只是把自己撞到地上。如果你是为了简历上的一个分数而选择双主修或三主修，那么你的生活在接下来的四年里将是一个地狱。)可知，在作者看来，选择多个专业让大学生们处在糟糕的状况的原因是，他们只是为了在跟同龄人竞争才选择多个专业的。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have - whether it be in your study, career, or something else your career and study will enable you to do.”(让你印象深刻的是你所拥有的激情——无论是在你的学习、职业生涯中，还是在你的职业和学习将使你能够做的其他事情中。)和最后一段“Always think about your “why” when it comes to the schedule a double or triple major entails. Because at the end of the day, it’s going to be you doing the homework - so try to enjoy what you’re doing along the ride for what it’s worth.”(当涉及到一个双主修或三主修课程的时间表时，一定要考虑你的“为什么”。因为在一天结束的时候，是你自己在做家庭作业，所以试着享受你在旅途中所做的一切，因为它是值得的。)可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是在建议人们要带着激情去选择专业，强调激情在多专业中的重要性。故选D。
9.（2022·广东·华南师大附中校考一模）Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to tun climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep." What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t  keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum  computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand. And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype. but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)”to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“ by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
34．How does the author feels about Tobnson’s concerns?
A．Approving. B．Unconcerned C．Doubtful. D．Excited.
35．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field.
C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies.
36．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.
37．Which would be the best tide for the passage?
A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D．Will Quantun Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?

【答案】34．A    35．C    36．A    37．D

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns.( 随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒)”以及最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.(但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样)”可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”(他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法)”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
36．词义猜测题。根据第三段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because ‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.(但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西)”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。故选A。
37．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson.”(现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火”)”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.( PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样)”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
10.（2022·浙江·模拟预测）It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful magazine cover story “I love My Children, I Hate My Life” is arousing much chatter — nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that bringing up a child is not a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be extremely hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment damage our moods can later be sources of intense content and delight.”
The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive — and newly single — mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation (繁衍), is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are encouraged to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the wide-open baby-size holes in their lives.
Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like US Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear celebrities tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.
It is hard to imagine that many people are stupid enough to want children because it looks so fantastic — most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it is interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting a part of the way celebrities live might make us look just a little bit like them.
38．Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring ________.
A．very temporary delight
B．great enjoyment in progress
C．happiness in one’s memory
D．concern over love and hatred
39．Paragraph 2 is intended to show that ________.
A．celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.
B．single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.
C．news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.
D．having children is highly valued by the public.
40．According to the passage, those childless folks________.
A．are less likely to be satisfied with their life
B．are largely ignored by the media.
C．fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.
D．are constantly exposed to criticism.
41．Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
B．Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child raising.
C．Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
D．We sometimes neglect the happiness from child raising.

【答案】38．C    39．D    40．D    41．B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是抚养孩子和幸福的关系。
38．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense conditionEven though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be extremely hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment damage our moods can later be sources of intense content and delight.”.(Senior建议，我们需要重新定义幸福，而不是认为孩子让父母快乐或痛苦。我们不应该认为幸福是可以用每时每刻的快乐来衡量的，而应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态。尽管抚养孩子的日子漫长难熬，令人筋疲力尽，但Senior写道:“正是那些心绪沉重的时刻，日后可能会成为我们快乐的来源。)”可知，Jennifer Senior在她的文章中建议抚养孩子可以带来记忆中的幸福，故选C。
39．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.(在杂志封面上，一位迷人的母亲抱着一个可爱的婴儿，这并不是本周报摊上唯一一张麦当娜和孩子的照片。此外，还有关于刚当上养母和单身母亲的桑德拉·布洛克的故事，以及常见的“詹妮弗·安妮斯顿怀孕了”的新闻。实际上，每周至少有一位明星妈妈或准妈妈在报摊上微笑。)”可知，本段主要展示的是公众非常重视生孩子。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据第三段的“unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the wide-open baby-size holes in their lives(不但是那不幸福的没有孩子的人却为类似这样的信息所困扰：“孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的东西”，显然，你们的不幸必须通过生儿育女才能得以消除。)”可知，那些没有孩子的人经常受到批评。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But it is interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting a part of the way celebrities live might make us look just a little bit like them.(但有趣的是，我们想知道，我们每周看到的无压力、提高幸福感的父母形象，是否在某种微小的、潜意识的方式导致了我们对实际体验的不满，就像我们中有一小部分人希望了解名人的生活方式，可能会让我们看起来有点像他们)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出明星妈妈影响了我们对抚养孩子的态度。故选B。