专题06议论文专练二-2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇（解析版）

这是一份专题06议论文专练二-2023年高考英语阅读理解名校好题100篇（解析版），共22页。

专题06议论文专练二
1.（2022·山东淄博·校联考二模）Coming upon a clear - cut in an old forest is a shocking experience. Tees large and small are collapsed one above the other in pile, and the ground is covered with the tracks of heavy machinery. Such was the scene when forest activist Zack Porter and I hiked a newly built logging (伐木) road in Green Mountain National Forest.
Clear - cutting in the American forests has long been widespread. But now, the Forest Habitat Creation Project represents new reasoning which is hotly debated - that clear - cutting benefits native creatures. The thinking is that clear - cutting done wisely can mimic natural disturbances, for example, from insect invasions or from storms overturning older trees that produce what ecologists call Early Successional Habitats - places where young trees and bushes get the upper hand and animals that depend on such habitat thrive.
The project also states that forests “can only be saved by being destroyed” - by keeping them young. Timber (木材) interests are enthusiastic about the approach because it lets them profit from cutting trees while claiming the significance of conservation. Hunting groups favor it because a younger, less thick forest makes it easier to find the game and birds they're tracking.
Nevertheless, Porter says, “Allowing some of the oldest standing trees in New England to be removed is equal to dereliction of duty on the part of the government, who sees the forests as commodities (商品).” “Forests can produce clean water, clean air, carbon storage, and biodiversity that we need,” he continues as we walk among lovely mixed hardwoods and evergreens that are cut down for logging. “We shouldn't be removing them for short - term gain.”
In this sense, Zack Porter's description of logging for wildlife for short - term gain - the short - term gain of favoring habitat for species people today want to see and hunt - is reasonable.
1．How does the author start the text?
A．By presenting some ideas. B．By listing some evidence.
C．By comparing different views. D．By stating his own experience.
2．Which argument does the Forest Habitat Creation Project hold?
A．Profits can be made from logging.
B．Clear - cutting is beneficial to the wildlife.
C．The conservation of forest is of significance.
D．Clear - cutting can cause natural disturbances.
3．What does the underlined word “dereliction” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Fulfillment. B．Promise. C．Misconduct. D．Exposure.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．A New Approach to Forest Protection
B．A Hiking Experience in the Logging Road
C．How to Build Early Successional Habitats?
D．Is Clear - cutting Forests Good for Wildlife?

【答案】1．D    2．B    3．C    4．D

【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文讨论了砍伐森林对野生动物有好处吗？
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Coming upon a clear - cut in an old forest is a shocking experience. Tees large and small are collapsed one above the other in pile, and the ground is covered with the tracks of heavy machinery. Such was the scene when forest activist Zack Porter and I hiked a newly built logging (伐木) road in Green Mountain National Forest.”(在古老的森林里偶然发现一片被砍伐的空地是一种令人震惊的经历。大大小小的t座一个接一个地堆在一起，地面上布满了重型机械的履带。森林活动家扎克·波特(Zack Porter)和我在绿山国家森林(Green Mountain National forest)新修建的伐木公路上徒步旅行时，看到了这样的一幕。)可知，作者通过叙述自己的经历开始文章的。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“But now, the Forest Habitat Creation Project represents new reasoning which is hotly debated - that clear - cutting benefits native creatures.”(但是现在，“森林栖息地创造项目”代表了一个被热烈讨论的新理由——砍伐森林对本土生物有利。)可知，“森林栖息地创建项目”认为伐木对野生动物是有益的。故选B项。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Forests can produce clean water, clean air, carbon storage, and biodiversity that we need,” he continues as we walk among lovely mixed hardwoods and evergreens that are cut down for logging. “We shouldn't be removing them for short - term gain.”(森林可以产生我们需要的清洁水、清洁空气、碳储存和生物多样性，”当我们走在被砍伐的可爱的阔叶林和常青树之间时，他继续说道。“我们不应该为了短期利益而移除它们。)可知，波特反对砍树，所以允许一些新英格兰最古老的现存树木被移除，等于是政府的失职。所以划线词的意思是“失职” 。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But now, the Forest Habitat Creation Project represents new reasoning which is hotly debated - that clear - cutting benefits native creatures.”(但是现在，“森林栖息地创造项目”代表了一个被热烈讨论的新理由——砍伐森林对本土生物有利。)根据第四段“Nevertheless, Porter says, “Allowing some of the oldest standing trees in New England to be removed is equal to dereliction of duty on the part of the government, who sees the forests as commodities (商品).”(然而，波特说，“允许一些新英格兰最古老的现存树木被移除，等于是政府的失职，政府将森林视为商品。)可知，短文介绍了砍伐森林对野生动物有没有好处的问题。所以短文的最佳标题为“砍伐森林对野生动物有好处吗？”故选D项。
2.（2022·福建泉州·统考一模）People today are not unfamiliar with term such as "going eco-friendly" and "sustainable lifestyle". However, there exists a group of sceptics（怀疑论者）who believe that going eco-friendly is merely a fad（一时的风尚）. I disagree with this viewpoint, Going eco-friendly is not merely a fad and it does, in fact, change the beliefs and attitudes of people.
The long-term presence of environmental organisations shows the efforts that people have made towards going eco-friendly. Organisations such as World Wildlife Fund advocate people to go eco-friendly. The high involvement of the organisations and the participants is thus a strong indicator that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad but a trend that can last decades.
Another strong indicator is the emergence of sustainable products in many industries, such as organic produce and electric vehicles. The consumer demand, coupled with eco-conscious（环保意识的）businesses, is behind the sharp increase in such products. This shows a shift in the beliefs and attitudes of people towards adopting a sustainable lifestyle. Thus, it seems quite certain that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad.
While some people who broadcast their eco-friendly practices are criticised for just hoping to project an eco-conscious image, there are a number of celebrities who have been practising the zero-waste lifestyle for years. For those who do so for years, and not mere days or months, it is indeed a commitment that can only come with a true change in beliefs and attitudes towards caring for the earth.
The call to save the earth looks set to stay. With the development of technology and the appearance of many platforms advocating going green, people are more willing to change their beliefs and attitudes when they can learn about and appreciate the positive impact of the work of different environmental organisations and individuals. It is hoped that these effects will go a long way in ensuring that our planet will remain a suitable place to live in.
5．Why does the author mention World Wildlife Fund?
A．To appreciate its environmental efforts.
B．To encourage people to go eco-friendly.
C．To evidence the universal recognition of going green.
D．To highlight the difficulty in changing people's attitudes.
6．What does the underlined word "emergence" mean in paragraph 3?
A．Sudden disappearance. B．Sharp increase.
C．Gradual development. D．Limited application.
7．What does the author expect of technology development?
A．It may discourage people from sustainable lifestyle.
B．It may boost the business of organic produce.
C．It will be used to project an eco-conscious image.
D．It will promote environmental awareness.
8．What is the author's purpose in writing this text?
A．To prove going eco-friendly a lasting trend.
B．To popularize the eco-friendly products.
C．To offer strategies to go eco-friendly.
D．To advertise for eco-friendly platforms.

【答案】5．C    6．B    7．D    8．A

【分析】这是一篇议论文。今天的人们对“环保”和“可持续生活方式”等术语并不陌生。然而，也有一些怀疑论者认为环保只是一种时尚。作者不同意这种观点，作者认为环保不仅仅是一种时尚，它确实改变了人们的信仰和态度。环保是一种持久的趋势。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Organisations such as World Wildlife Fund advocate people to go eco-friendly. The high involvement of the organisations and the participants is thus a strong indicator that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad but a trend that can last decades.”（世界野生动物基金会等组织倡导人们走环保之路。因此，组织和参与者的高度参与是一个强有力的指标，表明环保不仅是一种时尚，而且是一种可以持续几十年的趋势。）由此判断出，作者提到世界野生动物基金会是为了证明环保的普遍被认可。故选C项。
6．词句猜测题。根据“such as organic produce and electric vehicles.”（如有机产品和电动汽车）根据“The consumer demand, coupled with eco-conscious（环保意识的）businesses, is behind the sharp increase in such products.”（消费者需求，加上有环保意识的企业，是这类产品急剧增加的背后原因。）由此判断出，另一个强有力的指标是许多行业急剧增加了可持续产品。由此判断出划线词的意思是“急剧增加”。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With the development of technology and the appearance of many platforms advocating going green, people are more willing to change their beliefs and attitudes when they can learn about and appreciate the positive impact of the work of different environmental organisations and individuals.”（随着科技的发展，以及多个提倡环保的平台的出现，市民在认识和欣赏不同环保机构和个人的工作所带来的正面影响时，更愿意改变自己的信念和态度。）由此判断出，作者对技术发展的期望是它会促进环保意识。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段“I disagree with this viewpoint, Going eco-friendly is not merely a fad and it does, in fact, change the beliefs and attitudes of people.”（我不同意这种观点，环保不仅仅是一种时尚，它确实改变了人们的信仰和态度。）根据第二段“The high involvement of the organisations and the participants is thus a strong indicator that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad but a trend that can last decades”（因此，组织和参与者的高度参与是一个强有力的指标，表明环保不仅是一种时尚，而且是一种可以持续几十年的趋势。）以及下文从不同的角度证明了环保是一种持久的趋势。由此判断出，作者写此短文的目的是证明环保是一种持久的趋势。故选A项。
3.（2022秋·天津·高三天津市扶轮中学校考期末）If I could give today’s young people three wishes, they would be: More hugs. More time outside in nature. More belief in their own power to change the world. While most people understand the importance of the first two wishes, the third one leaves some folks wondering why young people’s belief in their own power is so essential.
Let’s start with the idea that all of us-especially young people-need heroes. We need them to be our guides on the difficult trail (足迹) we call life and to show us just how far we can go. And we need heroes today more than ever. Our modern society is terribly confused about the difference between a celebrity (名人) and a hero. And the difference is vital. A celebrity is all about fame (名望)-temporary, superficial fame, usually for qualities that are easy to see: a pretty face, a great dance move. A hero, by contrast, is about character-qualities under the surface that aren’t visible until they take action.
Heroes are all around us. They truly hold our world together, through their unselfish devotion to helping others, teaching children, and protecting the environment. They don’t want fame, or glory; they just want to help. In so many ways, these unsung heroes pilot the boat in which all of us sail.
Yet, young people hear a lot more about celebrities than about heroes in the media. The hidden message they get from all this is that their self-worth comes from what they buy-which shoes, which cell phone-not who they are down inside. What gets lost in this? Young people’s sense of their own potential for heroic qualities-their own power to make a positive difference in the world. Truth is, there is a potential hero, a future difference maker, in every young person. Each of them, from whatever background, is a positive force who can do something. All it takes for that to be true is belief.
How do we help young people believe in their own power? The best way is simply to share examples, of other young people who have made a difference.
Ryan, age 11, has worked tirelessly to raise money to provide clean drinking water to African villages. When he first heard about the plight (困苦) of African children who died from impure water, Ryan was only six years old. In the next five years, he raised over $500, 000-enough to build over 70 water wells.
Barbara, age 17, grew up on a farm in Texas. When she realized that local farmers were pouring their used motor oil into rivers, causing pollution, she organized the creation of a recycling center for crude (未加提炼的) oil. Her project has grown to include 18 recycling centers in Texas.
The list could continue. These are but a few examples of young people who have discovered that they can build on their own energy to do something great.
9．What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 2?
A．To give examples of celebrities and heroes around us.
B．To discuss the differences between celebrities and heroes.
C．To provide definitions of the words “celebrity” and “hero”.
D．To explain the details about being celebrities and heroes.
10．What is the meaning of the word “superficial” in Paragraph 2?
A．Not known.
B．Unexpected.
C．Undeveloped.
D．Without depth.
11．What could be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A．Heroes make the world go round.
B．Heroes must believe in themselves.
C．Heroes focus on social welfare programs.
D．Heroes promote cooperation between people.
12．How does the author advance his view that young people have the potential to be a hero?
A．By defining the qualities that make a young person a hero.
B．By contrasting the achievements made by different young people.
C．By giving examples of young people who show the qualities of a hero.
D．By providing examples of qualities that have made young people famous.
13．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．More heroes are needed in the world.
B．Celebrities are reported too much in the media.
C．Adults should become role models for young people.
D．Young people should believe in their ability to make a difference.

【答案】9．B    10．D    11．A    12．C    13．D

【导语】这是一篇议论文。 文章通过一些事例表明了年轻人相信自己改变世界的力量是多么的重要。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“Our modern society is terribly confused about the difference between a celebrity (名人) and a hero.(我们的现代社会对于名人和英雄之间的区别非常困惑。)”可知，作者说出我们对“名人和英雄的区别”很困惑，所以接下来讲到了“A celebrity is all about fame (名望)-temporary, superficial fame, usually for qualities that are easy to see: a pretty face, a great dance move. A hero, by contrast, is about character-qualities under the surface that aren’t visible until they take action.(名人就是名声——暂时的、superfacial名声，通常是因为那些显而易见的品质:漂亮的脸蛋、出色的舞姿。相比之下，英雄是指在他们采取行动之前才会显现出来的隐藏在表面之下的性格品质。)”，这是对这种区别的阐述，所以作者写第二段的目的是讨论名人与英雄的区别。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“usually for qualities that are easy to see: a pretty face, a great dance move(通常是那些显而易见的品质：漂亮的脸蛋，很棒的舞步)”可知，名人所谓的名声是肤浅的，没有深度的，superficial的意思是“没有深度的”，和without depth意思相近，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“They truly hold our world together, through their unselfish devotion to helping others, teaching children, and protecting the environment. They don’t want fame, or glory; they just want to help. In so many ways, these unsung heroes pilot the boat in which all of us sail.(他们无私地致力于帮助他人、教育孩子和保护环境，真正地将我们的世界团结在一起。他们不需要名声或荣耀；他们只是想帮忙。在许多方面，这些无名英雄为我们所有人的航船领航。)”可知，英雄在这个世界上发挥着积极着作用，推动着世界积极的运转。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“How do we help young people believe in their own power? The best way is simply to share examples, of other young people who have made a difference.(我们如何帮助年轻人相信自己的力量？最好的方法就是分享其他做出改变的年轻人的例子。)”可知，作者想用分享年轻人用自己的力量做出有影响的事的例子，来论证自己的观点。接下来两段分别列举Ryan和Barbara两位年轻人的事例，来说明年轻人具有成为英雄的潜力。再根据最后一段“The list could continue. These are but a few examples of young people who have discovered that they can build on their own energy to do something great.(这样的例子还有很多。这些只是年轻人发现自己可以利用自己的精力做一些伟大事情的几个例子。)”可知，作者就是用举例的方式来进一步阐述自己观点。故选C。
13．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的“While most people understand the importance of the first two wishes, the third one leaves some folks wondering why young people’s belief in their own power is so essential.(虽然大多数人都明白前两个愿望的重要性，但第三个愿望让一些人想知道，为什么年轻人相信自己的力量如此重要。)”和最后一段的“These are but a few examples of young people who have discovered that they can build on their own energy to do something great.(这些只是年轻人发现自己可以利用自己的精力做一些伟大事情的几个例子。)”可知，整篇文章讲的是年轻人应该相信自己有能力做出有影响力有意义的事。 故选D。
4.（2022·全国·模拟预测）Remember the time when summer holidays felt really long? But the older you got, the faster the days disappeared until months and years went by without you realizing it. So why does this happen?
Several explanations have been put forward to explain this phenomenon. The simplest of these is that it takes longer to encode new experiences than familiar experiences, and when you’re young, all experiences are relatively new, so time seems to go slower.
For example, if you are a five-year-old kid, then the past two years of your life represent 40% of all the life you’ve lived and can recall. But when you are a 50-year-old adult, then the past two years represent only 4% of all your recallable life. So, for a kid, two years might seem to last forever, but for an adult, those two years might not even seem long at all.
Another theory proposed by Professor Adrian Bejan is that it is related to the number of mental images the brain encounters and organizes and the state of our brains as we age. When we get older, the rate at which changes in mental images are perceived decreases because of several transforming physical features, including vision and brain complexity. Days seemed to last longer in your youth because the young mind receives more images during one day than the same mind in old age.
Just as a higher number of frames per second can give you a slow-motion video on a camera, life seems to go slowly when you’re young, and just as a lower number of frames per second can give you a fast-motion video, life seems to hurry by when you’re older.
It isn’t just age that changes our perception(感知)of time. Every single one of us has felt the seconds drag by when we’re bored and things seem to move in slow motion when we’re in life-threatening situations. But if we’re having fun, time flies by before we know it.
14．What is the function of the first sentence in paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the main topic. B．To ask readers’ opinions.
C．To summarize the whole passage. D．To describe long summer holidays.
15．What does Adrian Bejan think perceiving time has to do with?
A．Our emotion’s changes. B．Our brain’s processing speed.
C．The improvement of our life quality. D．The enrichment of our life experiences.
16．How does the author argue for his opinion?
A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers.
C．By making comparisons. D．By providing examples.
17．What is the best title for the text?
A．How We Perceive Time With Age
B．Time Seems to Slow Down With Age
C．Why Time Goes Faster as We Grow Older
D．Our Mood Determines Our Perception of Time

【答案】14．A    15．B    16．D    17．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。为什么随着年龄的增长时间流逝得更快？本文就为什么随着年龄的增长时间流逝得更快这一问题展开论述，文章给出了几种观点来解释这一问题。
14．推理判断题。第一段的第一句“Remember the time when summer holidays felt really long?（还记得感觉暑假特别漫长的时候吗？）”，接着提出问题“So why does this happen?（为什么随着年龄的增长时间流逝得更快？）”，所以第一句起到引出话题的作用。故选A项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Days seemed to last longer in your youth because the young mind receives more images during one day than the same mind in old age. (年轻时的日子似乎持续得更久，因为年轻时的头脑在一天内接收到的图像比老年时的同样的头脑要多。)”可知，阿德里安·贝让认为所感知到的时间的长短与大脑处理速度的快慢有关。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。第三段举例论证为新的经历编码要比为熟悉的经历编码花费更长的时间这一观点；第五段举例论证感知时间与大脑处理速度有关这一观点。所以文中提出的观点都是通过举例来论证的。故选D项。
17．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据本文第一段中的“But the older you got, the faster the days disappeared until months and years went by without you realizing it. So why does this happen?( 但是随着年龄的增长，日子消失得越快，直到一年又一年过去，你自己都没有意识到。为什么会这样？)”可知，本文主要就为什么随着年龄的增长时间流逝得更快这一问题展开论述。故C项“为什么随着年龄增长，时间过得更快”最适合作本文标题。故选C项。
5.（2022·全国·一模）In July, Australian artist Matthew Griffin had his work Pickle(《酸黄瓜》)exhibited at a New Zealand gallery. The work is merely a pickle taken from a McDonald’s burger, stuck onto the gallery’s ceiling with ketchup(番茄酱)on it. With a price tag of NZ$10,000 (about 42,200 yuan), it started an ongoing debate: Is this art?
In fact, this is not the only strange artwork people have seen in recent years. In 2019, Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan’s work Comedian featured a store-bought banana with duct tape(强力胶). Far before that, Artist Rogier van der Zwang used 3D animation instead of painting materials to make visual rainbow. These trends bring us back to the classic discussion on how to understand art.
As British art historian Ernst Gombrich famously put it, “There really is no such thing as art. There are only artists.” Art is a personal expression; ultimately its agency is created by the artist. As each era cultivates its unique artists, the private message an artwork conveys can connect with every individual across time. Great artists from the past to the present all enjoy both fame and criticism. The way they appeal to certain audiences and encourage a wide range of debates and interpretations is exactly the charm of art.
Opponents may hold that despite the artist’s right to create, it is not up to the artist to determine if a piece of work is considered art. It is true that we see only the leftover of a cheeseburger. There is no real technique in Griffin’s Pickle. However, this is also where it is open to interpretation: For some, the pickle seems meaningless and artificial; for some, the pickle can be a commercial and cultural symbol. There is undoubtedly an innovation of “form”. It shows the artist’s exploration of the vehicle of art. The slice of pickle can be seen as a symbol. The ketchup plays an influence on the colors, with the surrounding white wall being another vehicle for expression.
After all, art welcomes various responses, which explains why viewing art is such an engaging experience.
In a word, we should always keep an open mind toward any embodiment(化身)of art.
18．What do we know about the work Pickle?
A．It’s made on the gallery’s ceiling.
B．It is as simple as the banana work.
C．People’s opinions vary on the work.
D．People think it’s not worth the money.
19．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 3?
A．Art can connect with people easily.
B．Artists are always admired by people.
C．The interpretation of art is critical.
D．The understanding of art is subjective.
20．What’s the author’s attitude to the work Pickle?
A．Objective B．Opposed C．Favorable D．Indifferent
21．According to this passage , art can be best described as ______.
A．connective but unreal B．charming but untouchable
C．abstract but engaging D．appealing but controversial

【答案】18．C    19．D    20．A    21．D

【导语】这是一篇议论文。讲述了 澳大利亚艺术家马修·格里芬(Matthew Griffin)的作品《泡菜》，只是从麦当劳汉堡上取下的腌黄瓜，粘在画廊的天花板上，上面涂着番茄酱。它的标价为1万新西兰元(约合4.22万元人民币)。由此引发了一场持续的关于艺术的争论。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段“Art is a personal expression; ultimately its agency is created by the artist. As each era cultivates its unique artists, the private message an artwork conveys can connect with every individual across time.( 艺术是一种个人的表达；最终它的表达是由艺术家创造的。每个时代都有自己独特的艺术家，艺术品所传达的私人信息可以跨越时间与每个人联系在一起)”可知，有人认可Pickle这种作品；第四段“Opponents may hold that despite the artist’s right to create, it is not up to the artist to determine if a piece of work is considered art. It is true that we see only the leftover of a cheeseburger. There is no real technique in Griffin’s Pickle. However, this is also where it is open to interpretation: For some, the pickle seems meaningless and artificial; for some, the pickle can be a commercial and cultural symbol.(反对者可能会认为，尽管艺术家有创作的权利，但艺术家无权决定一件作品是否被视为艺术。的确，我们只看到了芝士汉堡的残留。《格里芬的泡菜》里没有什么真正的技巧。然而，这也是它可以被解释的地方：对一些人来说，泡菜似乎毫无意义和做作；对一些人来说，泡菜可能是一种商业和文化的象征)”可知，人们对这幅作品的看法是不同的，有褒有贬。故选C项。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段“Art is a personal expression; ultimately its agency is created by the artist. ( 艺术是一种个人的表达；最终它的表达是由艺术家创造的)”可知，对于艺术的理解是带有个人色彩的，是很主观的。故选D项。
20．推理判断题。综合全文，作者客观的陈述了人们对于Pickle及此类作品有的认可，有的否定，并在最后两段“After all, art welcomes various responses, which explains why viewing art is such an engaging experience.(毕竟，艺术欢迎各种各样的反应，这就解释了为什么观看艺术是一种如此吸引人的体验)”及“In a word, we should always keep an open mind toward any embodiment(化身)of art.( 总之，对于任何艺术的体现，我们都应该保持开放的心态)”，作者表示对于艺术我们要保持开放心态，并没有对这幅作品直接肯定或主观否定。所以作者的态度是客观辩证的。故选A项。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段末“Great artists from the past to the present all enjoy both fame and criticism. The way they appeal to certain audiences and encourage a wide range of debates and interpretations is exactly the charm of art.(从过去到现在的伟大艺术家都享有声誉和批评。它们吸引特定观众的方式，鼓励广泛的辩论和解释，这正是艺术的魅力)”及倒数第二段“After all, art welcomes various responses, which explains why viewing art is such an engaging experience.(毕竟，艺术欢迎各种各样的反应，这就解释了为什么观看艺术是一种如此吸引人的体验)”可知，艺术是迷人的，也是引发争议的。故选D项。
6.（2022·吉林·统考模拟预测）No business would welcome being compared to gambling (赌博). Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder”— in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).
Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. Those who don’t think so say that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’n’roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected.
However, supporters argue that games developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to make them extremely attractive. For one thing, the business-model has changed. In the old days games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). For another, games-makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players’ spending. The biggest spenders are known as “whales”, a term that originated in casinos (赌场).
The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, whether it is fairly or not, will not do the industry any good.
22．What do we know from Paragraph 1?
A．It is not suitable to compare video games to gambling.
B．Parents complain about their children’s addiction to gambling.
C．More doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”.
D．Gaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease.
23．What does the underlined words “moral panic” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Wrong judgment on how harmful something is.
B．Trouble caused by someone’s immoral behavior.
C．Social progress caused by science and technology.
D．Panic due to the gap between the rich and the poor.
24．What do games developers do to make games attractive?
A．They don’t charge players for in-game goods.
B．They adjust products based on received data.
C．They keep players’ video game machines updated.
D．They reward big spenders with a unique title.
25．In the last paragraph, the author aims to ______.
A．offer a suggestion B．make a prediction
C．give a warning D．put forward a solution

【答案】22．D    23．A    24．B    25．C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章开篇提到世卫组织把游戏成瘾列为一种疾病，就“游戏真的会让人上瘾吗”这个问题，介绍了心理学家们给出的不同的观点，作者也对此发表了忠告。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“On January 1 this year, ‘gaming disorder’— in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). (今年1月1日，‘游戏障碍’（这病）得到了世界卫生组织的认可。‘游戏障碍’指的是尽管会造成伤害，但仍无法控制地玩游戏)”可知， 游戏上瘾被权威机构WHO认定为疾病。故选D项。
23．词句猜测题。根据前一句“Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. (游戏真的会让人上瘾吗？)”，划线词所在句“Those who don’t think so say that this is just another moral panic. (那些不这么认为的人说，这只是又一次moral panic。)”，其中another指代众多类似当中的另外一个，根据下一句“Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’n’roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected. (对于电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书、小说，甚至是填字游戏，人们也给出了类似的警告，但事实证明，它们并没有人们想象的那么有害。)”可知，当以上提及的电视、摇滚乐等出现在人们视野的时候，人们都认为它们对人类是有害的，并因此发出要抵制这些东西的警告，但是事实证明它们没有预想的那么有害，属于一场虚惊，只不过是人们的moral panic，可表达为“道德恐慌”，与A项“Wrong judgment on how harmful something is. (对某物危害性的错误判断。)”。故选A项。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“However, supporters argue that games developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to make them extremely attractive. (然而，支持者认为，游戏开发者有动机和手段来设计他们的产品，使其具有极大的吸引力。)”，以及第五、六、七句“For another, games-makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players’ spending. (另一方面，游戏开发者将心理学理论和数据结合起来，这有助于他们最大化游戏时间。智能手机和现代电子游戏机使用它们的永久互联网连接将游戏玩法数据传回给开发者。通过这种方式，游戏会不断调整产品以鼓励玩家消费。)”可知，游戏开发者不但掌握游戏者心理，还实时掌握着游戏者的游戏数据，并根据这些数据对游戏进行调整，使游戏有新鲜感，使游戏者玩得停不下手。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. (游戏行业应该意识到，在现实世界中，它存在一个问题，而且这个问题正在加剧。)”，以及最后一句“Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, whether it is fairly or not, will not do the industry any good. (无论如何，在公众的心目中与赌博放在一起，无论公平与否，都不会给这个行业带来任何好处。)”可推知，作者在最后一段中向游戏业发出了警示：在现实世界中，游戏行业有着持续的问题，且人们将它与赌博业相提并论，这对这个行业发展无益。故选C项。
7.（2022·广东·一模）In the autumn of 1853 Thomas Butler Gunn got lost — temporarily rather than physically. On a visit to Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, and isolated from the outside world, his diary quickly divorced the time order of reality. Wednesdays are repeated and days go mislabelled. It took around a fortnight, and renewed contact with civilization, for Gunn to restore his weekly bearings.
The episode (经历), says David Henkin, suggests how fragile a sense of time can be — especially when it comes to weeks. Unlike months or years, these seven-day groupings have no real basis in astronomy. People from Nigeria to China have lived well without them.
And yet the week has become the measure not only of routine, but even of wisdom. “Weekly rhythms have become so thoroughly absorbed into ordinary human experience,” Mr Henkin writes, “that forgetting what day it is constitutes a singular symptom and feeling of disorientation (迷失方向).” His new book shows how the week came to rule the world.
But when newspapers, factory schedules and weekly paydays were all rarer, the weekly structure was less important. People got confused. As late as 1866, the Louisville Courier mentioned a man getting drunk on Friday because he thought it was Saturday.
As towns grew and society became more complicated, citizens “became differently and more intensely week-oriented, in ways we can now recognize as modern”. When his local charity met on Wednesdays in 1859, and choral concerts were scheduled for Fridays, James Fiske of Massachusetts couldn’t afford to mix up his days. Japan formally adopted the seven-day system only in 1873; all the same, a character in a novel by Haruki Murakami is as sure of something “as I am sure that today is Wednesday”.
26．What is the function of Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the topic. B．To clarify a concept.
C．To record some experience. D．To make a prediction.
27．Why can a sense of week be so fragile?
A．Because it does rule the world. B．Because it is tightly related to reality.
C．Because it is not used very often. D．Because it is not based on astronomy.
28．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The influence of abusing the week.
B．The change of weekly rhythms.
C．The disadvantage of using the week less.
D．The importance of changing the weekly structure.
29．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the week?
A．Positive. B．Intolerant. C．Negative. D．Unclear.

【答案】26．A    27．D    28．C    29．A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲了周概念的普及其带来的优势，以及周概念的淡化引起的误解，并在字里行间表达了作者的观点。
26．推理判断题。根据下文内容，尤其第二段的“The episode (经历), says David Henkin, suggests how fragile a sense of time can be — especially when it comes to weeks. Unlike months or years, these seven-day groupings have no real basis in astronomy. (大卫·亨金说，这一事件表明，时间观念是多么脆弱——尤其是当涉及到几周的时候。不像月或年，这些7天的分组在天文学上没有真正的基础)”和第三段的“And yet the week has become the measure not only of routine, but even of wisdom. (然而，这周不仅成为衡量日常生活的标准，甚至成为衡量智慧的标准)”可知，下文陈述了与“周”这个概念有关的内容。由此推知，第一段通过讲述一个故事导入本文的主题——周概念。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The episode (经历), says David Henkin, suggests how fragile a sense of time can be — especially when it comes to weeks. Unlike months or years, these seven-day groupings have no real basis in astronomy. (大卫·亨金说，这一事件表明，时间观念是多么脆弱——尤其是当涉及到几周的时候。不像月或年，这些7天的分组在天文学上没有真正的基础)”可知，周的感觉很脆弱是因为这七天分组在天文学上没有真正的基础。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据第四段“But when newspapers, factory schedules and weekly paydays were all rarer, the weekly structure was less important. People got confused. As late as 1866, the Louisville Courier mentioned a man getting drunk on Friday because he thought it was Saturday. (但当报纸、工厂时间表和每周发薪日都比较少时，每周结构就不那么重要了。人们感到困惑。直到1866年，《路易斯维尔信使报》还提到一名男子星期五喝醉了，因为他以为那是星期六)”可知，本段主要讲述了“周”的使用变少导致人们困惑，即少使用“周”造成的不便。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段的“And yet the week has become the measure not only of routine, but even of wisdom. (然而，这周不仅成为衡量日常生活的标准，甚至成为衡量智慧的标准)”，和第四段陈述少使用“周”造成的不便，以及最后一段的“As towns grew and society became more complicated, citizens “became differently and more intensely week-oriented, in ways we can now recognize as modern”. (随着城镇的发展和社会变得更加复杂，公民‘变得不同，更加注重周，以我们现在可以认识到的现代方式’)”推知，作者对“周”的使用持积极态度。故选A。
8.（2022·浙江杭州·校联考模拟预测）In 2007, a group of researchers began testing a concept that seems, at first blush, as if it would never need testing: whether more happiness is always better than less. The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they performed worse in school than those who were merely “happy.”
As with everything in life, happiness has its trade-offs. It may give you a life that you find you don’t want, one in which you don’t reach your full potential, you’re reluctant to take risks, and you choose short-lived pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning.
The way to understand the study above is not to deny that happiness is good; rather, it is to remember that a little bit of unhappiness has benefits. The author Emmy Gut argued in 1989 that some depressive symptoms can be a functional response to problems in the environment, leading us to pay appropriate attention and come up with solutions. In other words, when we are sad about something, we may be more likely to fix it. Psychologists call this the “analytical rumination hypothesis”.
Obviously, this is not to argue that clinical depression is good — misery can quickly make people incapable of solving problems. Rather, the analytical rumination hypothesis is evidence that getting rid of bad feelings does not necessarily make us more effective in our tasks. And if these emotions can help us assess threats, it stands to reason that too much good feeling can lead us to disregard them. The literature on substance use suggests that this is so: In some people, very high degrees of positive emotion have been connected to dangerous behaviors such as alcohol and drug use and binge eating.
So though suffering should never be anyone’s goal, each of us can fight for a rich life in which we not only seek the sunshine but fully experience the rain that unavoidably falls as well.
30．What can be concluded from the 2007 study about happiness?
A．More happiness is always better.
B．Full happiness is not totally beneficial.
C．People should avoid happiness to lead a meaningful life.
D．Very happy subjects perform better than merely happy ones.
31．What do we know about analytical rumination hypothesis?
A．People who are sad are not likely to take risks.
B．Bad feelings like depression might help solve problems.
C．People with depressive symptoms tend to ignore threats.
D．Clinical depression can lead to effective task performance.
32．Which of the following would the author probably agree?
A．We should avoid good feelings.
B．A risky life is going to bring disappointment.
C．Happiness itself would lose its meaning without misfortune.
D．Dislike to happiness can lead us to abandon a meaningful life.

【答案】30．B    31．B    32．C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是适当的不开心可以提高人解决问题的能力。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they performed worse in school than those who were merely “happy.”(尽管“非常快乐”的参与者有最好的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现比那些仅仅“快乐”的参与者更差。)”可知，从2007年关于幸福的研究中我们可以得出完全的快乐并不完全有益。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The author Emmy Gut argued in 1989 that some depressive symptoms can be a functional response to problems in the environment, leading us to pay appropriate attention and come up with solutions. In other words, when we are sad about something, we may be more likely to fix it.(作者Emmy Gut在1989年提出，一些抑郁症状可能是对环境问题的功能性反应，引导我们给予适当的关注，并提出解决方案。换句话说，当我们对某件事感到难过时，我们可能更有可能去解决它。)”可知，像抑郁这样的坏感觉可能有助于解决问题。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“So though suffering should never be anyone’s goal, each of us can fight for a rich life in which we not only seek the sunshine but fully experience the rain that unavoidably falls as well.(因此，虽然苦难不应该是任何人的目标，我们每个人都可以争取丰富的生活，我们不仅寻求阳光，但充分体验不可避免地落下的雨。)”可知，作者可能会同意没有不幸，快乐本身也会失去意义。故选C。
9.（2022·浙江·浙江省淳安中学校联考三模）You might try spending about 15 minutes out on the Web gathering experts’ predictions about what lies in the political future. You are likely to find a diversity of opinions on every issue. So, who should you believe? According to a long-term study conducted by psychologist Philip Tetlock, the safest answer is that you shouldn’t believe anyone. Let’s see why.
To study the collective wisdom of experts, Tetlock recruited a sample of 284 individuals who had strong qualifications for making political predictions with respect to certain countries or regions of the world. He asked individuals to make predictions of this sort: “How likely is it that after the next election, the party that currently has the most representatives in the legislative (立法的) branch of government will keep this status... will lose this status, or will strengthen this position?” The questions were made concrete for different countries and regions.
Because there were three options for each question, participants should have been right one third of the time just by chance. If they had true expertise, they should have been right much more often than that. But they weren’t. In fact, in some comparisons experts did worse than chance.
If experts perform so poorly in their predictions, why does anyone still listen to them? Because of experts’ confidence and fame. Besides, the media rarely tracks down the expert who made the confident prediction even if experts aren’t generally held responsible for their predictions.
Here’s a safe conclusion from Tetlock’s research: With regard to politics, no one can routinely predict the future. Some people do a bit better than others, but you can’t use their confidence or fame to know who those people are. Still, it’s important to note that this research is about a particular type of expert and a particular type of prediction. You shouldn’t discount all experts. For example,when you consult medical doctors, they should be able to make their predictions based on years of education and prior experience. Also, they are regularly held responsible for the accuracy of those predictions!
33．What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic of the passage.
B．To introduce a way of doing the research.
C．To attract the interest of the readers.
D．To give the purpose of writing the passage.
34．What might be the purpose of giving participants three options for each prediction?
A．To show the importance of the study.
B．To indicate experts did worse than chance.
C．To reveal experts are right one third of the time.
D．To compare participants’ predicting accuracy with chance.
35．Which of the following agrees with Tetlock’s ideas?
A．Experts must be responsible for their prediction.
B．The opinions of political experts matter to the media.
C．Experts’ confidence and fame tell us a lot about who they are.
D．Medical experts are generally reliable in their medical prediction.
36．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Can medical experts predict the future?
B．Can political experts predict the future?
C．How should you judge political experts?
D．How political experts predict the future?

【答案】33．A    34．D    35．D    36．B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要以泰洛克的一项研究阐述了政治专家不能预测政治未来走向。
33．推理判断题。第一段的第一句“You might try spending about 15 minutes out on the Web gathering experts’ predictions about what lies in the political future.”（你也许想要花15分钟上网搜集专家对于政治未来走向的预测。）点出了一个现象，即有些人想要通过政治专家的预测来了解政治未来走向。接着，就着这一现象进行设问：“So, who should you believe? According to a long-term study conducted by psychologist Philip Tetlock, the safest answer is that you shouldn’t believe anyone.”（那么，你应该相信谁呢？根据心理学家菲利普·泰洛克的一项长期研究，这个问题最安全的答案便是，你不应该相信任何人。）指出作者的观点：不应该相信政治专家的政治预测，这便是文章的主题。所以第一段主要是引入文章的主题。故选A项。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段的前两句“Because there were three options for each question, participants should have been right one third of the time just by chance. If they had true expertise, they should have been right much more often than that.”（由于每个问题对应三个选项，所以按概率参与者只有三分之一的可能是对的。如果他们真是专家的话，那么他们的正确率会比三分之一还要高。）可知，每个预测对应三个选项，也就意味着每个预测按概率只有三分之一的可能性是正确的，而该研究是通过比较专家的正确率是否比概率上的三分之一高来判断专家预测的准确度的，所以D项符合题意。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后三句“You shouldn’t discount all experts. For example,when you consult medical doctors, they should be able to make their predictions based on years of education and prior experience. Also, they are regularly held responsible for the accuracy of those predictions!”（你不应该低估所有的专家。比如，你咨询医生时，他们是能够基于多年教育和经验做出预测的。而且，他们通常要对预测是否准确负责的。）可知，泰洛克会认为医生在医学方面的预测一般是可靠的。故选D项。
36．主旨大意题。文章围绕“是否应该相信政治专家的预测”一点展开论述，首先，第一段提出观点：不应该相信政治专家的政治预测；第二、三段通过介绍泰洛克的实验来说明不该相信专家的政治预测的理由；第四段说明人们愿意相信专家的政治预测的原因；最后一段总结泰洛克的研究。所以B项“政治专家是否能够预测政治未来走向？”最适合作为本文的标题。故选B项。
10.（2022·江西·江西师大附中校考三模）When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology.
“What’s so innovative (创新的) about that?” a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. “Why couldn’t they both be innovative?” I asked.
We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment.
At best, this is a waste of resource. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology’s capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies that applied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.
True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview (后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.
Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.
37．Why is a librarian mentioned?
A．To set an example. B．To cite an authority.
C．To make a prediction. D．To present an argument.
38．What does the underlined “buzzword” mean in Para. 3?
A．Fashionable. B．Affordable. C．Practical. D．Imaginative.
39．What does the writer agree with about innovation?
A．Innovation often leads to wasted resources and even damage.
B．Innovation is supported by new technology and magic devices.
C．Innovation reflects the progress of technology and economy.
D．Innovation is more about the way of thinking than equipment we use.
40．What is probably the best title of the text?
A．The key to success of business—innovation
B．Future Lies in returning to the past
C．Some best ideas are in the rearview mirror
D．Innovation: an important force in economy

【答案】37．D    38．A    39．D    40．C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是什么是真正的创新。
37．推理判断题。根据第二段的“‘What’s so innovative about that?’ a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. “Why couldn’t they both be innovative?” I asked.(‘这有什么创新之处？’当我给多伦多的一位图书管理员看照片时，她问道。对她来说，创新意味着数字技术，比如3D打印机。‘为什么它们两者不能都定义为创新呢？’我问)”可知，作者和这位图书管理员对创新的看法不一致。由此推知，提到图书管理员的目的是为了提出论点，即到底什么是真正的创新，故选D。
38．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated!(这种心态意味着，如果你只是买了新东西，你就已经创新了！)”可知，很多人认为如果买了新的东西，就意味着创新了，因此每年，企业和个人都试图为最新的时髦设备提出自己的策略，因此划线词buzzword的意思是“时髦的”，与fashionable同义。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past.(真正的创新不仅仅是一些神奇的设备。这是一个不断反思和重新评估的过程，这通常意味着在新的环境中采用‘旧的’思想和工具，甚至回到过去有效的方法)”推知，作者认为创新是要在新环境中用不断反思，在新的环境中用“旧的”思想和工具，而不是我们使用的设备。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview (后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.(真正的创新不只是一些神奇的设备。这是一个不断反思和重新评估的过程，这通常意味着在新的环境中采用‘旧的’思想和工具，甚至回到过去有效的方法。经过适当调整，这些后视镜创新被证明与新技术一样具有变革性。)”可知，本文讨论的是真正的创新。一些创新和创新想法是使用有效的旧思想和工具创造的。C选项“一些好的想法存在在后视镜中”能够概括文章大意，且具有新颖性。故选C。