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2022-2023学年山东省潍坊市高二上学期期中考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年山东省潍坊市高二上学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共29页。
2022年11月份期中检测试题
高二英语注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡相应位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the woman order?
A. Tea. B. Coffee. C. Chocolate cakes.
2. What is the highest temperature today?
A.35℃. B.36℃. C.38℃.
3. Why is the woman upset?
A. She is late for the party.
B. People are making fun of her.
C. Something is wrong with her dress.
4. What does the woman do once a week?
A. She cleans the floor. B. She does the dishes. C. She cooks.
5. Where might the speakers be?
A. In a tower. B. On a ship. C. On a plane.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独自读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the woman want to change the shirt?
A Because of the style. B. Because of the brand. C. Because of the size.
7. What color of shirt does the woman want?
A. Dark blue. B. Black. C. White.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What kind of holiday does the man prefer?
A. An adventure trip. B. A beach holiday. C. A city break.
9. Which country will the man probably go to?
A. Australia. B. America. C. South Africa.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When was the man originally going to retire?
A. In a week. B. In a year. C. In two years.
11. What will the man do after retirement?
A. Learn to play golf. B. Look after his wife. C. Travel around the world.
12. What will happen to the woman next week?
A. She will attend a meeting.
B. She will have a new teacher.
C. She will take the final exams.
所第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How old will the man's son be next week?
A.5. B.6. C.10.
14. Why can't the man have a rabbit?
A. His wife is afraid of it.
B. His son doesn't like it.
C. It is too difficult to look after.
15. What pet does the man probably choose?
A. A fish. B. A dog. C. A snake.
16. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Shop clerk and customer. B. Family members. C. Friends.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When does the meeting begin?
A.At 2 :00 p.m. B.At 2 :30 p.m. C.At4 :00 p.m.
18. How can students leave the classroom?
A. They shall be permitted.
B. They can leave as they like.
C. They don't have schoolwork to do.
20. What happened during the last meeting?
A. Someone caused trouble.
B. All students behaved well.
C. One classroom was on fire.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Urbana Park District Counselor in Training
Experience camp from the leader’s point of view and bring your own energy and talents to the Urbana Park District’s summer camp. Participate in and lead daily camp activities while helping counselors (辅导员) and children in Nature Day Camp.
You will volunteer 15-20 hours per week (3-4 days) attend weekly CIT meetings and participate in ongoing training throughout summer.
Join the excellent group of teens who gain experience and leadership skills that prepare them for future jobs. As a CIT, you make camp even more fun. Interested? Make a CIT application, available at any Park District office or online. Candidates (申请者) are selected through an application and interview process. Space is limited. Fees include camp T-shirt, all training, supervision (管理) and field trips. Payment is due on acceptance into the program. More importantly, pre-camp training is a must.
◆Dates:
Application Deadline: April 7, 2023
Camp Dates: Monday-Friday, 8:30 am-3:00 pm; June 5-August 4
◆Fees: $ 350
◆Parent Comment:
Both my children have been CITs and have loved the chance to be leaders. It has helped them be more confident about their abilities.
◆Ages Served:
Ages 13-15 (Completion of 7th grade required)
◆Location:
Anita Purves Nature Center, 1505 N. Broadway Brbana
For more information, call the Anita Purves Nature Center at 217-384-4062.
1. Who is the text intended for?
A. Trainers. B. Teenagers. C. Job hunters. D. Sports lovers.
2. What can we learn about the camp from the text?
A. It asks for the company of parents.
B. It offers children a chance to act as a leader.
C. It accepts candidates who have related experience.
D. It teaches participants how to find a proper job in the future.
3. What is required if you want to take part in the camp?
A. Signing up before June 5, 2023.
B. Providing your information online.
C. Preparing your T-shirts in advance.
D. Participating in pre-camp training.
【答案】1 B 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个夏令营活动及其对参加者的要求。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中的“Join the excellent group of teens who gain experience and leadership skills that prepare them for future jobs. (加入优秀的青少年群体，他们获得经验和领导技能，为将来的工作做好准备)”和◆Ages Served中的“Ages 13-15 (Completion of 7th grade required) (13-15岁（要求完成7年级）)”可知，该夏令营的目标群体是青少年，可得出文章目标群体是青少年。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“Experience camp from the leader’s point of view and bring your own energy and talents to the Urbana Park District’s summer camp. Participate in and lead daily camp activities while helping counselors (辅导员) and children in Nature Day Camp. (从领导者的角度体验夏令营，并将自己的精力和才能带到厄巴纳公园区的夏令营。参与并领导日常营地活动，同时帮助辅导员和儿童参加自然日营地)”和第三段中的“Join the excellent group of teens who gain experience and leadership skills that prepare them for future jobs. (加入优秀的青少年群体，他们获得经验和领导技能，为将来的工作做好准备)”可知，该夏令营能为孩子们提供充当领导者的机会。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段中的“More importantly, pre-camp training is a must. (更重要的是，营前训练是必须的)”可知，如果你想参加营地，需要参加营前培训。故选D项。
B
In movies and books, people often describe a decisive moment when they figure out who they are. However, I never thought it actually happened in real life. I never expected to have a “moment” of my own. When it arrived, mine was much more powerful than I could have ever imagined.
During the spring of my junior year, my class watched a documentary called “The Invisible Children.” It was about three college students who take a trip to Africa and document their experience. At first the film was slightly humorous. However, once the group arrived in northern Uganda, the mood changed. They learned what the consequences of a 23-year war had been for thousands of children. Some had lost family and friends, others were caught by the opposing force and became child soldiers.
Before long, I was sobbing. I couldn’t believe these things were happening, yet at the same time I knew they were. I just hadn’t been paying attention, for in the past 17 years, I was blessedly protected. When the movie ended, I couldn’t get it out of my head. For the next week, I was not myself. Every bite of food I took I thought of Grace, the 15-year-old who had little to eat. When I went to bed, I pictured Sunday, the 14-year-old boy sleeping on a straw mat on the ground in a camp. My whole world shifted.
Since that day, I haven’t been able to picture my future in a way that doesn’t involve going to Africa and doing what I can to help. Ultimately, this is why I decided to major in engineering. With an engineering degree, my potential for change will be limitless. I will build wells and schools, and design irrigation systems. Engineering is tough, but I know—in what Yeats called “my deep heart’s call”—that this is what I’m supposed to do with my life.
4. How did the author think of a decisive moment at first?
A. It was impossible. B. It was unforgettable.
C. It was common. D. It was powerful.
5. How does the movie influence the author?
A. It amused him. B. It changed his perspectives of life.
C. It made him unsure of himself. D. It made him lose the desire to eat or sleep.
6. Why does the author choose to study engineering?
A. To achieve his goal. B. To be well acknowledged.
C. To challenge himself. D. To realize his childhood dream.
7. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Celebrity. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在观看了《看不见的孩子》纪录片后，人生观被改变，决定主修工程学，来改变世界。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“In movies and books, people often describe a decisive moment when they figure out who they are. However, I never thought it actually happened in real life. I never expected to have a “moment” of my own.(在电影和书中，人们经常描述一个决定性的时刻，那就是当他们弄清楚自己是谁的时候。然而，我从未想过这真的发生在现实生活中。我从没想过会有属于自己的“时刻”)”可知，作者最初认为这个决定性时刻是不可能的。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“My whole world shifted.(我的整个世界都改变了)”可知，电影改变了作者的人生观。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, this is why I decided to major in engineering. With an engineering degree, my potential for change will be limitless. I will build wells and schools, and design irrigation systems. Engineering is tough, but I know—in what Yeats called “my deep heart’s call”—that this is what I’m supposed to do with my life.(最终，这就是我决定主修工程学的原因。有了工程学位，我改变世界的潜力将是无限的。我要建造水井和学校，设计灌溉系统。工程是艰难的，但我知道——叶芝称之为“我内心深处的呼唤”——这就是我应该在我的生命中做的事情)”可知，作者选择工程专业是为了达到他的目标。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述了作者在观看了《看不见的孩子》纪录片后，人生观被改变，决定主修工程学，来改变世界。可推知，文章选自报纸的“教育”版面。故选C。
C
Most of us will never get the chance to look down on Earth from above. But simulating (模拟) this effect on Earth might do the trick. Seeing expansive videos of Earth has been found to boost people’s curiosity and creativity. That might be why you feel as if you are stepping outside yourself, and your internal monologue (独白) goes quiet.
Psychologyists Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt define awe as the feeling we get when we’re faced with something vast, that is beyond our cognition (认知) and that we struggle to understand. It’s an emotion that combines amazement with an edge of fear, and it can weaken our very sense of self.
Throughout history, powerful leaders have made use of awe to apply control, using grand buildings, monuments and stories to make their people feel humble (谦卑的).
One study found that people drew themselves smaller after an awesome experience, but it didn’t affect their self-respect. Another study found that people who watched an awe-inspiring video estimated their bodies to be physically smaller than those who watched a funny or neutral video.
Using fMRI scans, scientists have discovered changes inside the brain that might be responsible. When people feel awe, the brain lowers activity in the areas thought to make up our sense of self.
Changing your sense of self might sound scary, but it can make you a better person. Research has shown that feeling awe can make people behave more morally and generously. Awe can have personal benefits as well. It’s been shown to make us feel happier and less stressed, even weeks after an awesome experience. Surveys suggest people feel low-level awe on average a couple of times a week. Getting more awe can simply be a process of thinking about what inspires awe for you and building it into your routine.
8. Which of the following example can show the feeling of awe?
A. Watching an amusing video.
B. Enjoying a pleasant piece of music.
C. Observing a delicate flower in the wild.
D. Standing in front of the pyramids of Egypt.
9. What is the effect of an awesome experience?
A. It holds up our innovation.
B. It makes us feel insignificant.
C. It strengthens our sense of self.
D. It urges you to pursue high social position.
10. How does the brain react to the feeling of awe?
A. Its awareness improves.
B. Part of it runs more slowly.
C. The tissue of it is transformed.
D. The understanding of it sharpens.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Low-level awe is the best choice.
B. Feeling awe is beneficial to people.
C. Changing self-concept is unacceptable.
D. The process is more important than the outcome.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了敬畏会削弱我们的自我意识，但对人也有好处。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“Psychologyists Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt define awe as the feeling we get when we’re faced with something vast, that is beyond our cognition (认知) and that we struggle to understand. (心理学家达彻·凯尔特纳和乔纳森·海特将敬畏定义为当我们面对超出我们认知的、我们难以理解的巨大事物时所获得的感觉)”可知，当面对超出我们认知的、我们难以理解的巨大事物时，我们会有敬畏。由此推知，站在埃及金字塔前，我们会感到敬畏。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“It’s an emotion that combines amazement with an edge of fear, and it can weaken our very sense of self. (这是一种将惊讶与恐惧结合在一起的情绪，它会削弱我们的自我意识)”和第四段“One study found that people drew themselves smaller after an awesome experience, but it didn’t affect their self-respect. Another study found that people who watched an awe-inspiring video estimated their bodies to be physically smaller than those who watched a funny or neutral video. (一项研究发现，人们在经历了一段可怕的经历后心理上觉得自己变小，但这并不影响他们的自尊。另一项研究则发现，观看令人敬畏的视频的人估计自己的身体比观看有趣或中立视频的人小)”可知，敬畏会削弱我们的自我意识，让人们觉得自己渺小、无足轻重。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段“Using fMRI scans, scientists have discovered changes inside the brain that might be responsible. When people feel awe, the brain lowers activity in the areas thought to make up our sense of self. (通过功能磁共振成像扫描，科学家们发现了大脑内部的变化可能是原因。当人们感到敬畏时，大脑会降低被认为构成自我感觉的区域的活动)”可知，人们感到敬畏时，大脑的一部分运行得更慢。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Research has shown that feeling awe can make people behave more morally and generously. Awe can have personal benefits as well. It’s been shown to make us feel happier and less stressed, even weeks after an awesome experience. (研究表明，感到敬畏可以使人们表现得更加道德和慷慨。敬畏也有个人利益。事实证明，即使是在经历了一次可怕的经历后的几周，它也能让我们感到更快乐，压力更小)”可得出，感到敬畏对人有益。故选B项。
D
McDonald’s food holds plenty of secrets, and McNuggets are no exception. The boxed, bite-size bites of chicken are one of the fast food producer's most popular menu items. But there’s something even the most devoted nugget (鸡块) consumers may not know: every nugget that comes out of Mickey D’s is guaranteed to be one of four distinct shapes.
Don’t worry though, it’s not some strange chicken plot. It’s the result of a carefully planned process that occurs in McDonald’s factories. A Business Insider video, using continuous shooting mode from a McDonald’s factory in Canada, offers an inside look into nugget production. Before it goes to the fryer, the ground chicken breast meat that will become McNuggets goes through a “rolling cookie cutter” machine. The cutter ensures that the nuggets-to-be are all the same width and one of four shapes. The shapes are the “boot,” the “bell,” the “ball,” and the “bone” (or “bow tie”).
But just how different are the four shapes? How do you tell your boots from your bow ties? Well, the ball is round, as you might expect. The bone/bow tie looks less like either of those things than like a somewhat bent rectangle (矩形). The bell is diamond-shaped, and the boot really does look somewhat like a wide boot with a thin toe.(Or like a hook, if you turn it over.) Though the shapes are somewhat less distinct after the batter (稠面糊) is added, see if you can still identify them the next time you get your McNugget fix.
But why have special shapes at all? A curious consumer posed the question. A company representative replied that the shapes and their similar sizes ensure that they all take the same time to cook, which is necessary to ensure food safety. Plus, the shapes are fun for kids, and easy to dip for everyone!
And why is four the lucky number? Well, the Q &. A page claims that “three would’ve been too few. Five would’ve been, like, silly or unreasonable.” Honestly, though, we doubt McDonald’s consumers would have really cared either way.
12. How are the McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets’ shapes formed?
A. They are processed by a cutting machine.
B. The four shapes are made by machine freely.
C. Some batter is added to the chicken breast meat.
D. They are the natural forms of the chicken breast meat.
13. What do we know about the shapes of McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets?
A. The ball and the bell are of the same size.
B. The bone shape is most attractive to small kids.
C. The regular shapes make processing easier and safer.
D. The different shapes can arouse people’s imagination.
14. What is the author’s attitude to the number four of McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets?
A. Positive. B. Disapproving. C. Doubtful. D. Uncaring.
15. What is the text mainly about?
A. The history of McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets.
B. A warning against eating McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets.
C. The introduction of McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets’four shapes.
D. An explanation of the processing of McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麦乐鸡块的四种形状，它是如何做成四种形状的，麦乐鸡块四种形状的不同，以及为什么麦乐鸡块要按四种形状制作。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“Before it goes to the fryer, the ground chicken breast meat that will become McNuggets goes through a “rolling cookie cutter” machine. The cutter ensures that the nuggets-to-be are all the same width and one of four shapes. The shapes are the “boot,” the “bell,” the “ball,” and the “bone” (or “bow tie”). (在进入油炸锅之前，将成为麦乐鸡块的磨碎的鸡胸肉经过“滚动饼干切割机”。切割机确保待切割的鸡块都是相同的宽度和四种形状之一。形状有“靴子”、“铃铛”、“球”和“骨头”（或“领结”）)”可知，麦当劳鸡块的形状是由切割机加工的。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“A company representative replied that the shapes and their similar sizes ensure that they all take the same time to cook, which is necessary to ensure food safety. (一位公司代表回答说，这些形状和它们相似的尺寸确保了它们都需要相同的时间来烹饪，这是确保食品安全所必需的)”可知，麦当劳鸡块规则的形状使加工更容易、更安全。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“And why is four the lucky number? Well, the Q &. A page claims that “three would’ve been too few. Five would’ve been, like, silly or unreasonable.” Honestly, though, we doubt McDonald’s consumers would have really cared either way. (为什么四是幸运数字？好吧，Q &. A页面声称“三个太少了。五个太傻或不合理了。”但老实说，我们怀疑麦当劳的消费者是否真的会在意这两种情况)”可知，对于麦乐鸡块选用数字“4”这件事，作者认为消费者并不在意，可得出身为消费者的一员，作者也并不关心（Uncaring）。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了麦乐鸡块的四种形状，它是如何做成四种形状的，麦乐鸡块四种形状的不同，以及为什么麦乐鸡块要按四种形状制作，可得出全文以“麦乐鸡块的四种形状”为中心，C项“麦乐鸡块的四种形状介绍”符合文意。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every new exercise routine comes a new risk of injury, whether it’s injuring a muscle from lifting or developing knee pain from running. Some people are unwilling to exercise for fear of injury.____16____There are estimated 8.6 million sports-related injuries each year in America. However, with the right methods, you can develop a well-rounded exercise routine, one that enlarges the benefits while reducing the risk of injury.
____17____One very common issue in runners is knee pain, which is often called “runner’s knee.” To prevent it, for some people, it’s useful to warm up before running. Another common overuse injury among runners is stress fractures (骨折). This often happens when a runner tries to add too many miles too quickly, without taking enough rest days.
Both of these injuries tend to happen because runners did something out of the ordinary compared to what they were trained to do. Take rest days, build up your mileage (里程) gradually and combine regular strength training.____18____
As with other injuries, the risk increases toward the end of a workout. It’s very essential to listen to your body.____19____When it comes to making progress in a workout routine, continuous exercise with a gradual progression is strongly recommended.
Exercise can put someone at risk of injury.____20____There should be a balance between pushing yourself to get better and pushing yourself toward an injury. So encourage yourself to do something that you are confident in doing.
A. These fears are based on facts.
B. Turn to a mixture of sports doctors.
C. This type of exercise can increase the risk of injury.
D. Therefore, the risk of hurting yourself will decrease.
E. But not exercising puts someone at risk of poor health.
F. Adjust in time, especially when tiredness starts to affect your form.
G Runners may come across two main sorts of injuries related to overuse.
【答案】16. A 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了锻炼会带来新的受伤风险，但通过正确的方法，可以降低受伤风险，获得益处。
【16题详解】
上文“Some people are unwilling to exercise for fear of injury. (有些人因为害怕受伤而不愿意锻炼)”讲人们对锻炼会受伤的恐惧，下文“There are estimated 8.6 million sports-related injuries each year in America. (据估计，美国每年有860万人因运动受伤)”讲这种恐惧是有事实依据的。由此可知，人们的担心是有理可循的。A选项“这些恐惧是基于事实的。”切题。故选A项。
【17题详解】
下文“One very common issue in runners is knee pain, which is often called “runner’s knee.”(跑步者的一个非常常见的问题是膝盖疼痛，这通常被称为“跑步膝”)”和“Another common overuse injury among runners is stress fractures (骨折). (在跑步者中，另一种常见的过度使用损伤是应力性骨折)”推知，跑步主要会造成两种伤害，G选项“跑步者可能会遇到与过度使用有关的两种主要损伤。”切题。故选G项。
【18题详解】
由上文“Both of these injuries tend to happen because runners did something out of the ordinary compared to what they were trained to do. Take rest days, build up your mileage (里程) gradually and combine regular strength training. (这两种伤害都会发生，因为跑步者所做的事情与他们所接受的训练不同。休息几天，逐步增加里程数，并结合常规力量训练)”可知，跑步可能会有伤害，但通过正确合理的运动方式，伤害会降低，D选项“因此，伤害自己的风险会降低。”与上文是因果关系，讲明正确合理运动方式产生的好的结果——降低伤害的风险。故选D项。
【19题详解】
由上文“As with other injuries, the risk increases toward the end of a workout. It’s very essential to listen to your body. (与其他损伤一样，在训练结束时，风险会增加。倾听你的身体是非常重要的)”可知，避免受伤的方法之一就是倾听你的身体，承接上文，F选项“及时调整，尤其是当疲劳开始影响你的状态时。”讲明如发现自己身体不对劲之后你应该采取的策略——调整运动量或方式。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Exercise can put someone at risk of injury. (运动会使人有受伤的危险)”和下文“There should be a balance between pushing yourself to get better and pushing yourself toward an injury. So encourage yourself to do something that you are confident in doing. (应该在促使自己变得更好和促使自己受伤之间取得平衡。所以鼓励自己做一些你有信心做的事情)”可知，虽然运动有让人受伤的风险，但还是要运动，关键是做好平衡。E选项“但不锻炼会使人面临健康不佳的风险。”切题。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a bright May afternoon along the coast. Bauer and his 13-year-old daughter, Ava, were taking___21___of it. They were driving with the windows down as they headed home on a narrow bridge. Suddenly, the calm was___22___by the squeal (摩擦声) of tires.
Not far ahead of them, a truck was___23___from one lane (车道) to the other. It crashed into a concrete barrier, and___24___hanging over the railing (栏杆) of the bridge. Bauer stopped the car___25___to avoid it.
The truck driver’s door opened. A man climbed out and___26___to the ground. Bauer ran up beside him. He pointed down, saying something in Spanish. In the water was a car seat, a girl, about two years old,___27___, floating on her back and screaming.
Matters quickly went from bad to frightening when the girl___28___onto her stomach. Bauer waited for the driver to do something, but he didn’t. Maybe he was___29___.
Bauer jumped into the water without____30____. He swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water. Standing, he laid her against his shoulder and knocked on her____31____with his hand. Come on ⋯ come on ⋯ Wake up!____32____, her eyes were opened now, focused on him. He pulled her close, hugging her to protect her from the____33____. Minutes later, the girl was sent to____34____. The girl suffered a broken shoulder but was otherwise uninjured.
Ava Bauer was____35____by her father’ actions that four months later she became a cadet (实习生) firefighter so that she, too, could save lives.
21. A. advantage B. hold C. possession D. charge
22. A. deserted B. ignored C. influenced D. ruined
23. A. sliding B. following C. parking D. approaching
24. A. hid B. waited C. rested D. appeared
25. A. in time B. by chance C. on purpose D. in vain
26. A. dropped B. hurried C. wandered D. returned
27. A. embarrassed B. terrified C. excited D. relaxed
28. A. rolled over B. stood up C. calmed down D. set off
29. A. discouraged B. puzzled C. shocked D. ashamed
30 A. permission B. difficulty C. doubt D. hesitation
31. A. back B. stomach C. head D. chest
32. A. Slowly B. Surprisingly C. Hopelessly D. Immediately
33. A. loneliness B. hunger C. cold D. tiredness
34. A. school B. hospital C. home D. hotel
35. A. relieved B. annoyed C. surprised D. inspired
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了鲍尔和女儿回家途中，鲍尔及时避免车祸，还救了因车祸出事的小女孩的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍尔和他13岁的女儿艾娃正在利用这一机会。A. advantage优点；B. hold把手；C. possession占有；D. charge指责。由上文的“It was a bright May afternoon along the coast.(这是一个阳光明媚的五月下午)”可知，父女俩自然要好好利用这样的日子来休闲，take advantage of (利用)。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，轮胎的摩擦声破坏了平静。A. deserted抛弃；B. ignored忽视；C. influenced影响；D. ruined破坏。由下文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier(它撞上了混凝土护栏)”可知，发生了车祸，可得出是轮胎的摩擦声破坏了平静。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们前面不远处，一辆卡车正从一条车道滑到另一条车道。A. sliding滑行；B. following跟随；C. parking停车；D. approaching靠近。由下文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier(它撞上了混凝土护栏)”可知，发生了车祸，车撞上了混凝土护栏，说明这辆卡车从一条车道滑到了另一条车道上。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它撞上了混凝土护栏，停靠在桥栏杆上。A. hid躲藏；B. waited等待；C. rested停靠；D. appeared出现。由上文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier(它撞上了混凝土护栏)”可知，车撞上了混凝土护栏，车就会停下来，最终停靠在桥栏杆上。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：鲍尔及时停下了车，避开了它。A. in time及时；B. by chance偶然；C. on purpose故意；D. in vain徒劳。由下文的“to avoid it”可知，鲍尔应该是及时停车了，才避免了事故。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人爬了出来，摔倒在地。A. dropped (意外地)落下；B. hurried匆忙；C. wandered漫游；D. returned回来。由上文的“The truck driver’s door opened. A man climbed out(卡车司机的门开了。一个人爬了出来)”可知，车祸司机此时应该很慌乱，打开车门，爬出驾驶室时意外跌落在地。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：水里有一个汽车座椅，一个两岁左右的女孩吓坏了，仰面漂浮，尖叫着。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. terrified害怕的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。由下文的“screaming”可知，小女孩因车祸连人带车坐椅被抛出车外，在水里尖叫着，应该是害怕的。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当女孩翻过身（俯卧漂在水面）时，事情很快就变得糟糕到可怕。A. rolled over翻转；B. stood up起立；C. calmed down冷静；D. set off出发。由上文的“floating on her back”可知，女孩一开始是仰面漂浮，而鲍尔觉得事情变糟糕了，应该是女孩出现大危险了，可得出应该是女孩翻过身，俯卧漂在水面上了。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许他吓坏了。A. discouraged泄气的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. shocked惊魂未定的；D. ashamed羞愧的。由上文的“Bauer waited for the driver to do something, but he didn’t. (鲍尔等着司机做些什么，但他没有)”可知，女孩处境危险，但司机并未行动，鲍尔推测司机应该是震惊地吓坏了。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍尔毫不犹豫地跳入水中。A. permission许可；B. difficulty困难；C. doubt怀疑；D. hesitation犹豫。由下文的“He swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water.(他游到女孩身边，把她从水中抬了出来)”可知，鲍尔救了女孩，他应该是毫不犹豫地跳入水中。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他站着，把她靠在肩膀上，用手敲打她的背部。A. back背部；B. stomach胃部；C. head头；D. chest胸。由上文语境和下文的“Come on ⋯ come on ⋯ Wake up! (加油……加油……醒醒)”可知，女孩翻过身，俯卧漂在水面上了，有溺水危险，鲍尔拍女孩背部是想唤醒女孩。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，她的眼睛睁开了，专注于他。A. Slowly慢地；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Hopelessly毫无希望地；D. Immediately立即。由上文的“Come on ⋯ come on ⋯ Wake up!(加油……加油……醒醒)”可知，鲍尔拍女孩背部试图唤醒女孩，这个过程是缓慢的。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把她拉近，拥抱她以保护她免受寒冷。A. loneliness孤独；B. hunger饥饿；C. cold寒冷；D. tiredness疲倦。由上文语境可知，五月份，女孩因车祸漂在水里，鲍尔怕女孩失温，拥抱她是为了不让她寒冷。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，女孩被送往医院。A. school学校；B. hospital医院；C. home家；D. hotel旅馆。由下文的“The girl suffered a broken shoulder (这个女孩肩膀骨折)”可知，女孩因车祸受伤了，自然要送往医院。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾娃·鲍尔受到了父亲的鼓舞，四个月后，她成为了一名消防学员，这样她也可以挽救生命。A. relieved解脱；B. annoyed恼怒；C. surprised使惊讶；D. inspired鼓舞。由下文的“she became a cadet (实习生) firefighter so that she, too, could save lives(她成为了一名消防学员，这样她也可以挽救生命)”可知，艾娃成为了一位救人的消防学员，是受到了父亲救人事件的鼓舞。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
At the end of May, events were held to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Wu Chien-shiung.______36______(compare) with physicists such as Marie Curie, Wu is not a household name in China, but she was one of the most important nuclear physicists of the 20th century, who changed human’s view of_____37_____universe.
Wu was born on May 31, 1912, in Taicang,___38___the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. Her father, Wu Zhongyi,___39___(found) the first school for girls in Taicang in 1913. He aimed_____40_____(break) the old belief that it was women’s virtue to have no talents. The father, _____41_____ (absorb) the merits (长处) of Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese culture in mind, made a real impact _____42_____Wu Chien-shiung’s life.
She spent most of her life in the US, but always wore qipao, a_____43_____( tradition) Chinese dress. Working in the scientific world dominated (主宰) by men, she never gave up or lowered her standards even if___44___(unequal) treated.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s great____45____(achievement) won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”, “queen of nuclear research “and “first lady of physics”.
【答案】36. Compared
37. the 38. where
39. founded
40. to break
41. absorbing
42. on 43. traditional
44. unequally
45. achievements
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了核物理学家吴健雄的生平。
【36题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：与玛丽·居里等物理学家相比，吴健雄在中国并不家喻户晓，但她是20世纪最重要的核物理学家之一，改变了人类对宇宙的看法。动词compare和系动词is无连词连接，动词compare用非谓语形式，逻辑主语Wu与动词compare是动宾关系，用过去分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Compared。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：与玛丽·居里等物理学家相比，吴健雄在中国并不家喻户晓，但她是20世纪最重要的核物理学家之一，改变了人类对宇宙的看法。世界上独一无二的事物（如universe）前，用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：吴健雄于1912年5月31日出生于太仓，这里是长江注入东海的地方。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Taicang，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：她的父亲吴仲裔于1913年在太仓创办了第一所女子学校。结合时间状语in 1913可知，谓语动词found用一般过去时。故填founded。
【40题详解】
考查不定式。句意：他旨在打破那种认为女子无才便是德的旧观念。aim to do sth. (旨在做某事)，break用不定式形式。故填to break。
【41题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：这位父亲吸收了西方思想的优点，同时铭记着深深植根于中国文化的伟大思想，对吴建雄的一生产生了真正的影响。本句已有谓语made且无连词，动词absorb用非谓语形式，逻辑主语The father与动词absorb是主谓关系，absorb用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语。故填absorbing。
【42题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：这位父亲吸收了西方思想的优点，同时铭记着深深植根于中国文化的伟大思想，对吴健雄的一生产生了真正的影响。make an impact on sth. (对某事产生影响)。故填on。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她一生中的大部分时间都在美国度过，但始终穿着旗袍，这是中国的一种传统服装。形容词traditional作定语，修饰名词短语Chinese dress。故填traditional。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：在男性主导的科学世界中工作，她从未放弃或降低自己的标准，即使受到不平等的待遇。副词unequally作状语，修饰动词treat。故填unequally。
【45题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在她44年的核物理学家生涯中，吴健雄的巨大成就为她赢得了“中国的居里夫人”、“核研究女王”和“物理学第一夫人”等称号。不止一个成就，用可数名词achievement的复数形式表泛指，作主语。故填achievements。
第三节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
根据首字母和汉语提出写出下面单词的正确形式。
46. John Snow suspected that the water pump was to b________(责备；指责).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】blame##lame
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：约翰·斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。be to blame (应受责备)。故填blame。
47. One cannot d________ (否认) the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】deny##eny
【解析】
【详解】考查动词原形。句意：人们不能否认出国留学有其缺点。情态动词cannot后用，动词deny的动词原形形式。故填deny。
48. Use body language in a way that is a________(合适的) to the culture you are in. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】appropriate##ppropriate
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：肢体语言的使用要符合你所处的文化。空前是be动词，此处需要填形容词appropriate做表语。故填appropriate。
49. Yuan was c________(相信) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】convinced##onvinced
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：袁隆平相信，答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知应填形容词convinced，作表语。故填convinced。
50. Processed foods often contain higher q________(数量) of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】quantities##uantities
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：加工食品通常比新鲜食材含有更多的糖、盐和脂肪。quantities of大量的。根据中英文提示及句意，故填quantities。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
51. 假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友William寒假期间要来中国游玩，行程中有三天计划住在你家，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．住宿条件；
2．活动安排；
3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear William,
I am delighted to know that you are coming to China , and especially excited that you will stay in my home. Now, I’d like to tell you some relevant information about your stay here.
The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. Varieties of books as well as a computer are available. Of course you have easy access to the network. What ’s more, I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest. By the way, we are having a cold winter here. So , be sure to bring with you winter clothes.
I am sure you will have a wonderful experience here. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】这篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，1．住宿条件；2．活动安排；3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。第二，人称为第一人称和第二人称。第三，时态为一般现在时和一般将来时。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，欢迎William的到来并告知相关的信息。第二段，1．住宿条件；2．活动安排；3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。第三段，表示感谢并期。其中第二段为重点段落。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语:bright and pleasant，varieties of books，have easy access to ,show sb. around, some places of interest, bring with, a wonderful experience.
第四步：确定较为高级的句子:I am delighted to know that you are coming to China , and especially excited that you will stay in my home. The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest.
第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: especially ,now, of course, whats more, by the way, so.
第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式如: I am delighted to know that you are coming to China , and especially excited that you will stay in my home.The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest.
高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次,整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
第二节(满分25分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sally had longed to become a dancer since three. However, a terrible car accident made that ambition nearly come to an end overnight in 2011. Sally, then a 15-year-old high school student in California was injured severely in the accident that left her paralyzed(瘫痪的) from the waist down. For most people, that would have dashed any hope of a dancing career. But for Sally, it was just the beginning of new life. Instead of being a barrier, her wheelchair made her more courageous. “I wanted to prove to my community and to myself that I was still‘normal’,”she said with a determined look,“Whatever normal meant.”
In her eyes, Normal meant dancing, so Sally did it in her wheelchair right alongside her nondisabled high school dance team. “Half of my body was taken away from me, and I have to move it with my hands,” Sally said. “It definitely took a lot of learning and patience.”
After graduation, Sally expanded her dance network to include women who had the same situation as her. She met people online who had suffered various spinal cord injuries (脊髓损伤), and invited them to dance with her by sharing her determination. “It was such an amazing experience.” Hoping to reach more people in a larger city, Sally moved to Los Angeles in 2016 and formed a team of dancers with disabilities called DREAM. “I want to show that dance is dance, whether you’re walking or you’re rolling.”
In Sally’s dancing team, there was a girl Ella aged 12, who had been feeling depressed since the terrible accident. Having known about the girl’s situation, Sally made efforts to seek every chance to help the little girl find back the confidence to live. Thanks to Sally’s continuous efforts, the little girl recovered physically and mentally day by day. The other day, an invitation to a national dancing competition arrived. After a heated discussion, they reached an agreement that they would recommend Ella to the competition on behalf of the team.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On hearing the decision, Ella felt more than worried.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The audience stood up and clapped for Ella’s excellent performance.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 On hearing the decision, Ella felt more than worried. She knew that it was their trust on her that made her get the chance to dance on that large stage. So she began to practice hard every day. Whenever she met with problems, she would turn to Sally for help. The competition day came finally, and it was Ella’s turn to show herself. Ella controlled her worry and excitement, and danced with gentle elegance and strength.
The audience stood up and clapped for Ella’s excellent performance. Ella looked around and noticed that Sally and all her teammates were sitting under the stage, with their eyes filled with tears and smiles on their faces. At that moment, Ella knew that she was successful. She was very grateful to Sally and all her teammates. Thanks to their support and belief, she could gain confidence and succeed in dancing at last. She had made up her mind to go on this way forever.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要描述残疾人Sally为追逐自己的舞蹈梦，即使下肢瘫痪，也仍然坚持学习和训练，并且帮助和她一样有残疾又想跳舞的人实现梦想。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“听到这个决定，Ella感到很担心。”可知，第一段可描写Ella听到这个决定之后的心理活动和行动。
②由第二段首句内容“观众们都站了起来，并且为Ella优秀的表演而鼓掌。”可知，第二段可描写Ella在表演成功之后的感想。
2.续写线索：担心——训练——登台——成功——感谢
3.词汇激活
行为类
①信任：trust/have confidence in
②求助：turn to sb. for help/ask for help
情绪类
①担心：worry/concern
②激动：excitement/thrill/ delight
【点睛】【高分句型1】She knew that it was their trust on her that made her get the chance to dance on that large stage.（由that引导的宾语从句和it was…that引导的强调句型）
【高分句型2】Whenever she met with problems, she would turn to Sally for help.（由Whenever引导的时间状语从句）
2022年11月份期中检测试题
高二英语注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡相应位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the woman order?
A. Tea. B. Coffee. C. Chocolate cakes.
2. What is the highest temperature today?
A.35℃. B.36℃. C.38℃.
3. Why is the woman upset?
A. She is late for the party.
B. People are making fun of her.
C. Something is wrong with her dress.
4. What does the woman do once a week?
A. She cleans the floor. B. She does the dishes. C. She cooks.
5. Where might the speakers be?
A. In a tower. B. On a ship. C. On a plane.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独自读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the woman want to change the shirt?
A Because of the style. B. Because of the brand. C. Because of the size.
7. What color of shirt does the woman want?
A. Dark blue. B. Black. C. White.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What kind of holiday does the man prefer?
A. An adventure trip. B. A beach holiday. C. A city break.
9. Which country will the man probably go to?
A. Australia. B. America. C. South Africa.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When was the man originally going to retire?
A. In a week. B. In a year. C. In two years.
11. What will the man do after retirement?
A. Learn to play golf. B. Look after his wife. C. Travel around the world.
12. What will happen to the woman next week?
A. She will attend a meeting.
B. She will have a new teacher.
C. She will take the final exams.
所第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How old will the man's son be next week?
A.5. B.6. C.10.
14. Why can't the man have a rabbit?
A. His wife is afraid of it.
B. His son doesn't like it.
C. It is too difficult to look after.
15. What pet does the man probably choose?
A. A fish. B. A dog. C. A snake.
16. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Shop clerk and customer. B. Family members. C. Friends.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When does the meeting begin?
A.At 2 :00 p.m. B.At 2 :30 p.m. C.At4 :00 p.m.
18. How can students leave the classroom?
A. They shall be permitted.
B. They can leave as they like.
C. They don't have schoolwork to do.
20. What happened during the last meeting?
A. Someone caused trouble.
B. All students behaved well.
C. One classroom was on fire.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Urbana Park District Counselor in Training
Experience camp from the leader’s point of view and bring your own energy and talents to the Urbana Park District’s summer camp. Participate in and lead daily camp activities while helping counselors (辅导员) and children in Nature Day Camp.
You will volunteer 15-20 hours per week (3-4 days) attend weekly CIT meetings and participate in ongoing training throughout summer.
Join the excellent group of teens who gain experience and leadership skills that prepare them for future jobs. As a CIT, you make camp even more fun. Interested? Make a CIT application, available at any Park District office or online. Candidates (申请者) are selected through an application and interview process. Space is limited. Fees include camp T-shirt, all training, supervision (管理) and field trips. Payment is due on acceptance into the program. More importantly, pre-camp training is a must.
◆Dates:
Application Deadline: April 7, 2023
Camp Dates: Monday-Friday, 8:30 am-3:00 pm; June 5-August 4
◆Fees: $ 350
◆Parent Comment:
Both my children have been CITs and have loved the chance to be leaders. It has helped them be more confident about their abilities.
◆Ages Served:
Ages 13-15 (Completion of 7th grade required)
◆Location:
Anita Purves Nature Center, 1505 N. Broadway Brbana
For more information, call the Anita Purves Nature Center at 217-384-4062.
1. Who is the text intended for?
A. Trainers. B. Teenagers. C. Job hunters. D. Sports lovers.
2. What can we learn about the camp from the text?
A. It asks for the company of parents.
B. It offers children a chance to act as a leader.
C. It accepts candidates who have related experience.
D. It teaches participants how to find a proper job in the future.
3. What is required if you want to take part in the camp?
A. Signing up before June 5, 2023.
B. Providing your information online.
C. Preparing your T-shirts in advance.
D. Participating in pre-camp training.
【答案】1 B 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个夏令营活动及其对参加者的要求。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中的“Join the excellent group of teens who gain experience and leadership skills that prepare them for future jobs. (加入优秀的青少年群体，他们获得经验和领导技能，为将来的工作做好准备)”和◆Ages Served中的“Ages 13-15 (Completion of 7th grade required) (13-15岁（要求完成7年级）)”可知，该夏令营的目标群体是青少年，可得出文章目标群体是青少年。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“Experience camp from the leader’s point of view and bring your own energy and talents to the Urbana Park District’s summer camp. Participate in and lead daily camp activities while helping counselors (辅导员) and children in Nature Day Camp. (从领导者的角度体验夏令营，并将自己的精力和才能带到厄巴纳公园区的夏令营。参与并领导日常营地活动，同时帮助辅导员和儿童参加自然日营地)”和第三段中的“Join the excellent group of teens who gain experience and leadership skills that prepare them for future jobs. (加入优秀的青少年群体，他们获得经验和领导技能，为将来的工作做好准备)”可知，该夏令营能为孩子们提供充当领导者的机会。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段中的“More importantly, pre-camp training is a must. (更重要的是，营前训练是必须的)”可知，如果你想参加营地，需要参加营前培训。故选D项。
B
In movies and books, people often describe a decisive moment when they figure out who they are. However, I never thought it actually happened in real life. I never expected to have a “moment” of my own. When it arrived, mine was much more powerful than I could have ever imagined.
During the spring of my junior year, my class watched a documentary called “The Invisible Children.” It was about three college students who take a trip to Africa and document their experience. At first the film was slightly humorous. However, once the group arrived in northern Uganda, the mood changed. They learned what the consequences of a 23-year war had been for thousands of children. Some had lost family and friends, others were caught by the opposing force and became child soldiers.
Before long, I was sobbing. I couldn’t believe these things were happening, yet at the same time I knew they were. I just hadn’t been paying attention, for in the past 17 years, I was blessedly protected. When the movie ended, I couldn’t get it out of my head. For the next week, I was not myself. Every bite of food I took I thought of Grace, the 15-year-old who had little to eat. When I went to bed, I pictured Sunday, the 14-year-old boy sleeping on a straw mat on the ground in a camp. My whole world shifted.
Since that day, I haven’t been able to picture my future in a way that doesn’t involve going to Africa and doing what I can to help. Ultimately, this is why I decided to major in engineering. With an engineering degree, my potential for change will be limitless. I will build wells and schools, and design irrigation systems. Engineering is tough, but I know—in what Yeats called “my deep heart’s call”—that this is what I’m supposed to do with my life.
4. How did the author think of a decisive moment at first?
A. It was impossible. B. It was unforgettable.
C. It was common. D. It was powerful.
5. How does the movie influence the author?
A. It amused him. B. It changed his perspectives of life.
C. It made him unsure of himself. D. It made him lose the desire to eat or sleep.
6. Why does the author choose to study engineering?
A. To achieve his goal. B. To be well acknowledged.
C. To challenge himself. D. To realize his childhood dream.
7. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Celebrity. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在观看了《看不见的孩子》纪录片后，人生观被改变，决定主修工程学，来改变世界。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“In movies and books, people often describe a decisive moment when they figure out who they are. However, I never thought it actually happened in real life. I never expected to have a “moment” of my own.(在电影和书中，人们经常描述一个决定性的时刻，那就是当他们弄清楚自己是谁的时候。然而，我从未想过这真的发生在现实生活中。我从没想过会有属于自己的“时刻”)”可知，作者最初认为这个决定性时刻是不可能的。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“My whole world shifted.(我的整个世界都改变了)”可知，电影改变了作者的人生观。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, this is why I decided to major in engineering. With an engineering degree, my potential for change will be limitless. I will build wells and schools, and design irrigation systems. Engineering is tough, but I know—in what Yeats called “my deep heart’s call”—that this is what I’m supposed to do with my life.(最终，这就是我决定主修工程学的原因。有了工程学位，我改变世界的潜力将是无限的。我要建造水井和学校，设计灌溉系统。工程是艰难的，但我知道——叶芝称之为“我内心深处的呼唤”——这就是我应该在我的生命中做的事情)”可知，作者选择工程专业是为了达到他的目标。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述了作者在观看了《看不见的孩子》纪录片后，人生观被改变，决定主修工程学，来改变世界。可推知，文章选自报纸的“教育”版面。故选C。
C
Most of us will never get the chance to look down on Earth from above. But simulating (模拟) this effect on Earth might do the trick. Seeing expansive videos of Earth has been found to boost people’s curiosity and creativity. That might be why you feel as if you are stepping outside yourself, and your internal monologue (独白) goes quiet.
Psychologyists Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt define awe as the feeling we get when we’re faced with something vast, that is beyond our cognition (认知) and that we struggle to understand. It’s an emotion that combines amazement with an edge of fear, and it can weaken our very sense of self.
Throughout history, powerful leaders have made use of awe to apply control, using grand buildings, monuments and stories to make their people feel humble (谦卑的).
One study found that people drew themselves smaller after an awesome experience, but it didn’t affect their self-respect. Another study found that people who watched an awe-inspiring video estimated their bodies to be physically smaller than those who watched a funny or neutral video.
Using fMRI scans, scientists have discovered changes inside the brain that might be responsible. When people feel awe, the brain lowers activity in the areas thought to make up our sense of self.
Changing your sense of self might sound scary, but it can make you a better person. Research has shown that feeling awe can make people behave more morally and generously. Awe can have personal benefits as well. It’s been shown to make us feel happier and less stressed, even weeks after an awesome experience. Surveys suggest people feel low-level awe on average a couple of times a week. Getting more awe can simply be a process of thinking about what inspires awe for you and building it into your routine.
8. Which of the following example can show the feeling of awe?
A. Watching an amusing video.
B. Enjoying a pleasant piece of music.
C. Observing a delicate flower in the wild.
D. Standing in front of the pyramids of Egypt.
9. What is the effect of an awesome experience?
A. It holds up our innovation.
B. It makes us feel insignificant.
C. It strengthens our sense of self.
D. It urges you to pursue high social position.
10. How does the brain react to the feeling of awe?
A. Its awareness improves.
B. Part of it runs more slowly.
C. The tissue of it is transformed.
D. The understanding of it sharpens.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Low-level awe is the best choice.
B. Feeling awe is beneficial to people.
C. Changing self-concept is unacceptable.
D. The process is more important than the outcome.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了敬畏会削弱我们的自我意识，但对人也有好处。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“Psychologyists Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt define awe as the feeling we get when we’re faced with something vast, that is beyond our cognition (认知) and that we struggle to understand. (心理学家达彻·凯尔特纳和乔纳森·海特将敬畏定义为当我们面对超出我们认知的、我们难以理解的巨大事物时所获得的感觉)”可知，当面对超出我们认知的、我们难以理解的巨大事物时，我们会有敬畏。由此推知，站在埃及金字塔前，我们会感到敬畏。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“It’s an emotion that combines amazement with an edge of fear, and it can weaken our very sense of self. (这是一种将惊讶与恐惧结合在一起的情绪，它会削弱我们的自我意识)”和第四段“One study found that people drew themselves smaller after an awesome experience, but it didn’t affect their self-respect. Another study found that people who watched an awe-inspiring video estimated their bodies to be physically smaller than those who watched a funny or neutral video. (一项研究发现，人们在经历了一段可怕的经历后心理上觉得自己变小，但这并不影响他们的自尊。另一项研究则发现，观看令人敬畏的视频的人估计自己的身体比观看有趣或中立视频的人小)”可知，敬畏会削弱我们的自我意识，让人们觉得自己渺小、无足轻重。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段“Using fMRI scans, scientists have discovered changes inside the brain that might be responsible. When people feel awe, the brain lowers activity in the areas thought to make up our sense of self. (通过功能磁共振成像扫描，科学家们发现了大脑内部的变化可能是原因。当人们感到敬畏时，大脑会降低被认为构成自我感觉的区域的活动)”可知，人们感到敬畏时，大脑的一部分运行得更慢。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Research has shown that feeling awe can make people behave more morally and generously. Awe can have personal benefits as well. It’s been shown to make us feel happier and less stressed, even weeks after an awesome experience. (研究表明，感到敬畏可以使人们表现得更加道德和慷慨。敬畏也有个人利益。事实证明，即使是在经历了一次可怕的经历后的几周，它也能让我们感到更快乐，压力更小)”可得出，感到敬畏对人有益。故选B项。
D
McDonald’s food holds plenty of secrets, and McNuggets are no exception. The boxed, bite-size bites of chicken are one of the fast food producer's most popular menu items. But there’s something even the most devoted nugget (鸡块) consumers may not know: every nugget that comes out of Mickey D’s is guaranteed to be one of four distinct shapes.
Don’t worry though, it’s not some strange chicken plot. It’s the result of a carefully planned process that occurs in McDonald’s factories. A Business Insider video, using continuous shooting mode from a McDonald’s factory in Canada, offers an inside look into nugget production. Before it goes to the fryer, the ground chicken breast meat that will become McNuggets goes through a “rolling cookie cutter” machine. The cutter ensures that the nuggets-to-be are all the same width and one of four shapes. The shapes are the “boot,” the “bell,” the “ball,” and the “bone” (or “bow tie”).
But just how different are the four shapes? How do you tell your boots from your bow ties? Well, the ball is round, as you might expect. The bone/bow tie looks less like either of those things than like a somewhat bent rectangle (矩形). The bell is diamond-shaped, and the boot really does look somewhat like a wide boot with a thin toe.(Or like a hook, if you turn it over.) Though the shapes are somewhat less distinct after the batter (稠面糊) is added, see if you can still identify them the next time you get your McNugget fix.
But why have special shapes at all? A curious consumer posed the question. A company representative replied that the shapes and their similar sizes ensure that they all take the same time to cook, which is necessary to ensure food safety. Plus, the shapes are fun for kids, and easy to dip for everyone!
And why is four the lucky number? Well, the Q &. A page claims that “three would’ve been too few. Five would’ve been, like, silly or unreasonable.” Honestly, though, we doubt McDonald’s consumers would have really cared either way.
12. How are the McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets’ shapes formed?
A. They are processed by a cutting machine.
B. The four shapes are made by machine freely.
C. Some batter is added to the chicken breast meat.
D. They are the natural forms of the chicken breast meat.
13. What do we know about the shapes of McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets?
A. The ball and the bell are of the same size.
B. The bone shape is most attractive to small kids.
C. The regular shapes make processing easier and safer.
D. The different shapes can arouse people’s imagination.
14. What is the author’s attitude to the number four of McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets?
A. Positive. B. Disapproving. C. Doubtful. D. Uncaring.
15. What is the text mainly about?
A. The history of McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets.
B. A warning against eating McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets.
C. The introduction of McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets’four shapes.
D. An explanation of the processing of McDonald’s Chicken Nuggets.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麦乐鸡块的四种形状，它是如何做成四种形状的，麦乐鸡块四种形状的不同，以及为什么麦乐鸡块要按四种形状制作。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“Before it goes to the fryer, the ground chicken breast meat that will become McNuggets goes through a “rolling cookie cutter” machine. The cutter ensures that the nuggets-to-be are all the same width and one of four shapes. The shapes are the “boot,” the “bell,” the “ball,” and the “bone” (or “bow tie”). (在进入油炸锅之前，将成为麦乐鸡块的磨碎的鸡胸肉经过“滚动饼干切割机”。切割机确保待切割的鸡块都是相同的宽度和四种形状之一。形状有“靴子”、“铃铛”、“球”和“骨头”（或“领结”）)”可知，麦当劳鸡块的形状是由切割机加工的。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“A company representative replied that the shapes and their similar sizes ensure that they all take the same time to cook, which is necessary to ensure food safety. (一位公司代表回答说，这些形状和它们相似的尺寸确保了它们都需要相同的时间来烹饪，这是确保食品安全所必需的)”可知，麦当劳鸡块规则的形状使加工更容易、更安全。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“And why is four the lucky number? Well, the Q &. A page claims that “three would’ve been too few. Five would’ve been, like, silly or unreasonable.” Honestly, though, we doubt McDonald’s consumers would have really cared either way. (为什么四是幸运数字？好吧，Q &. A页面声称“三个太少了。五个太傻或不合理了。”但老实说，我们怀疑麦当劳的消费者是否真的会在意这两种情况)”可知，对于麦乐鸡块选用数字“4”这件事，作者认为消费者并不在意，可得出身为消费者的一员，作者也并不关心（Uncaring）。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了麦乐鸡块的四种形状，它是如何做成四种形状的，麦乐鸡块四种形状的不同，以及为什么麦乐鸡块要按四种形状制作，可得出全文以“麦乐鸡块的四种形状”为中心，C项“麦乐鸡块的四种形状介绍”符合文意。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every new exercise routine comes a new risk of injury, whether it’s injuring a muscle from lifting or developing knee pain from running. Some people are unwilling to exercise for fear of injury.____16____There are estimated 8.6 million sports-related injuries each year in America. However, with the right methods, you can develop a well-rounded exercise routine, one that enlarges the benefits while reducing the risk of injury.
____17____One very common issue in runners is knee pain, which is often called “runner’s knee.” To prevent it, for some people, it’s useful to warm up before running. Another common overuse injury among runners is stress fractures (骨折). This often happens when a runner tries to add too many miles too quickly, without taking enough rest days.
Both of these injuries tend to happen because runners did something out of the ordinary compared to what they were trained to do. Take rest days, build up your mileage (里程) gradually and combine regular strength training.____18____
As with other injuries, the risk increases toward the end of a workout. It’s very essential to listen to your body.____19____When it comes to making progress in a workout routine, continuous exercise with a gradual progression is strongly recommended.
Exercise can put someone at risk of injury.____20____There should be a balance between pushing yourself to get better and pushing yourself toward an injury. So encourage yourself to do something that you are confident in doing.
A. These fears are based on facts.
B. Turn to a mixture of sports doctors.
C. This type of exercise can increase the risk of injury.
D. Therefore, the risk of hurting yourself will decrease.
E. But not exercising puts someone at risk of poor health.
F. Adjust in time, especially when tiredness starts to affect your form.
G Runners may come across two main sorts of injuries related to overuse.
【答案】16. A 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了锻炼会带来新的受伤风险，但通过正确的方法，可以降低受伤风险，获得益处。
【16题详解】
上文“Some people are unwilling to exercise for fear of injury. (有些人因为害怕受伤而不愿意锻炼)”讲人们对锻炼会受伤的恐惧，下文“There are estimated 8.6 million sports-related injuries each year in America. (据估计，美国每年有860万人因运动受伤)”讲这种恐惧是有事实依据的。由此可知，人们的担心是有理可循的。A选项“这些恐惧是基于事实的。”切题。故选A项。
【17题详解】
下文“One very common issue in runners is knee pain, which is often called “runner’s knee.”(跑步者的一个非常常见的问题是膝盖疼痛，这通常被称为“跑步膝”)”和“Another common overuse injury among runners is stress fractures (骨折). (在跑步者中，另一种常见的过度使用损伤是应力性骨折)”推知，跑步主要会造成两种伤害，G选项“跑步者可能会遇到与过度使用有关的两种主要损伤。”切题。故选G项。
【18题详解】
由上文“Both of these injuries tend to happen because runners did something out of the ordinary compared to what they were trained to do. Take rest days, build up your mileage (里程) gradually and combine regular strength training. (这两种伤害都会发生，因为跑步者所做的事情与他们所接受的训练不同。休息几天，逐步增加里程数，并结合常规力量训练)”可知，跑步可能会有伤害，但通过正确合理的运动方式，伤害会降低，D选项“因此，伤害自己的风险会降低。”与上文是因果关系，讲明正确合理运动方式产生的好的结果——降低伤害的风险。故选D项。
【19题详解】
由上文“As with other injuries, the risk increases toward the end of a workout. It’s very essential to listen to your body. (与其他损伤一样，在训练结束时，风险会增加。倾听你的身体是非常重要的)”可知，避免受伤的方法之一就是倾听你的身体，承接上文，F选项“及时调整，尤其是当疲劳开始影响你的状态时。”讲明如发现自己身体不对劲之后你应该采取的策略——调整运动量或方式。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Exercise can put someone at risk of injury. (运动会使人有受伤的危险)”和下文“There should be a balance between pushing yourself to get better and pushing yourself toward an injury. So encourage yourself to do something that you are confident in doing. (应该在促使自己变得更好和促使自己受伤之间取得平衡。所以鼓励自己做一些你有信心做的事情)”可知，虽然运动有让人受伤的风险，但还是要运动，关键是做好平衡。E选项“但不锻炼会使人面临健康不佳的风险。”切题。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a bright May afternoon along the coast. Bauer and his 13-year-old daughter, Ava, were taking___21___of it. They were driving with the windows down as they headed home on a narrow bridge. Suddenly, the calm was___22___by the squeal (摩擦声) of tires.
Not far ahead of them, a truck was___23___from one lane (车道) to the other. It crashed into a concrete barrier, and___24___hanging over the railing (栏杆) of the bridge. Bauer stopped the car___25___to avoid it.
The truck driver’s door opened. A man climbed out and___26___to the ground. Bauer ran up beside him. He pointed down, saying something in Spanish. In the water was a car seat, a girl, about two years old,___27___, floating on her back and screaming.
Matters quickly went from bad to frightening when the girl___28___onto her stomach. Bauer waited for the driver to do something, but he didn’t. Maybe he was___29___.
Bauer jumped into the water without____30____. He swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water. Standing, he laid her against his shoulder and knocked on her____31____with his hand. Come on ⋯ come on ⋯ Wake up!____32____, her eyes were opened now, focused on him. He pulled her close, hugging her to protect her from the____33____. Minutes later, the girl was sent to____34____. The girl suffered a broken shoulder but was otherwise uninjured.
Ava Bauer was____35____by her father’ actions that four months later she became a cadet (实习生) firefighter so that she, too, could save lives.
21. A. advantage B. hold C. possession D. charge
22. A. deserted B. ignored C. influenced D. ruined
23. A. sliding B. following C. parking D. approaching
24. A. hid B. waited C. rested D. appeared
25. A. in time B. by chance C. on purpose D. in vain
26. A. dropped B. hurried C. wandered D. returned
27. A. embarrassed B. terrified C. excited D. relaxed
28. A. rolled over B. stood up C. calmed down D. set off
29. A. discouraged B. puzzled C. shocked D. ashamed
30 A. permission B. difficulty C. doubt D. hesitation
31. A. back B. stomach C. head D. chest
32. A. Slowly B. Surprisingly C. Hopelessly D. Immediately
33. A. loneliness B. hunger C. cold D. tiredness
34. A. school B. hospital C. home D. hotel
35. A. relieved B. annoyed C. surprised D. inspired
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了鲍尔和女儿回家途中，鲍尔及时避免车祸，还救了因车祸出事的小女孩的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍尔和他13岁的女儿艾娃正在利用这一机会。A. advantage优点；B. hold把手；C. possession占有；D. charge指责。由上文的“It was a bright May afternoon along the coast.(这是一个阳光明媚的五月下午)”可知，父女俩自然要好好利用这样的日子来休闲，take advantage of (利用)。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，轮胎的摩擦声破坏了平静。A. deserted抛弃；B. ignored忽视；C. influenced影响；D. ruined破坏。由下文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier(它撞上了混凝土护栏)”可知，发生了车祸，可得出是轮胎的摩擦声破坏了平静。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们前面不远处，一辆卡车正从一条车道滑到另一条车道。A. sliding滑行；B. following跟随；C. parking停车；D. approaching靠近。由下文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier(它撞上了混凝土护栏)”可知，发生了车祸，车撞上了混凝土护栏，说明这辆卡车从一条车道滑到了另一条车道上。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它撞上了混凝土护栏，停靠在桥栏杆上。A. hid躲藏；B. waited等待；C. rested停靠；D. appeared出现。由上文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier(它撞上了混凝土护栏)”可知，车撞上了混凝土护栏，车就会停下来，最终停靠在桥栏杆上。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：鲍尔及时停下了车，避开了它。A. in time及时；B. by chance偶然；C. on purpose故意；D. in vain徒劳。由下文的“to avoid it”可知，鲍尔应该是及时停车了，才避免了事故。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人爬了出来，摔倒在地。A. dropped (意外地)落下；B. hurried匆忙；C. wandered漫游；D. returned回来。由上文的“The truck driver’s door opened. A man climbed out(卡车司机的门开了。一个人爬了出来)”可知，车祸司机此时应该很慌乱，打开车门，爬出驾驶室时意外跌落在地。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：水里有一个汽车座椅，一个两岁左右的女孩吓坏了，仰面漂浮，尖叫着。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. terrified害怕的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。由下文的“screaming”可知，小女孩因车祸连人带车坐椅被抛出车外，在水里尖叫着，应该是害怕的。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当女孩翻过身（俯卧漂在水面）时，事情很快就变得糟糕到可怕。A. rolled over翻转；B. stood up起立；C. calmed down冷静；D. set off出发。由上文的“floating on her back”可知，女孩一开始是仰面漂浮，而鲍尔觉得事情变糟糕了，应该是女孩出现大危险了，可得出应该是女孩翻过身，俯卧漂在水面上了。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许他吓坏了。A. discouraged泄气的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. shocked惊魂未定的；D. ashamed羞愧的。由上文的“Bauer waited for the driver to do something, but he didn’t. (鲍尔等着司机做些什么，但他没有)”可知，女孩处境危险，但司机并未行动，鲍尔推测司机应该是震惊地吓坏了。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍尔毫不犹豫地跳入水中。A. permission许可；B. difficulty困难；C. doubt怀疑；D. hesitation犹豫。由下文的“He swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water.(他游到女孩身边，把她从水中抬了出来)”可知，鲍尔救了女孩，他应该是毫不犹豫地跳入水中。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他站着，把她靠在肩膀上，用手敲打她的背部。A. back背部；B. stomach胃部；C. head头；D. chest胸。由上文语境和下文的“Come on ⋯ come on ⋯ Wake up! (加油……加油……醒醒)”可知，女孩翻过身，俯卧漂在水面上了，有溺水危险，鲍尔拍女孩背部是想唤醒女孩。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，她的眼睛睁开了，专注于他。A. Slowly慢地；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Hopelessly毫无希望地；D. Immediately立即。由上文的“Come on ⋯ come on ⋯ Wake up!(加油……加油……醒醒)”可知，鲍尔拍女孩背部试图唤醒女孩，这个过程是缓慢的。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把她拉近，拥抱她以保护她免受寒冷。A. loneliness孤独；B. hunger饥饿；C. cold寒冷；D. tiredness疲倦。由上文语境可知，五月份，女孩因车祸漂在水里，鲍尔怕女孩失温，拥抱她是为了不让她寒冷。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，女孩被送往医院。A. school学校；B. hospital医院；C. home家；D. hotel旅馆。由下文的“The girl suffered a broken shoulder (这个女孩肩膀骨折)”可知，女孩因车祸受伤了，自然要送往医院。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾娃·鲍尔受到了父亲的鼓舞，四个月后，她成为了一名消防学员，这样她也可以挽救生命。A. relieved解脱；B. annoyed恼怒；C. surprised使惊讶；D. inspired鼓舞。由下文的“she became a cadet (实习生) firefighter so that she, too, could save lives(她成为了一名消防学员，这样她也可以挽救生命)”可知，艾娃成为了一位救人的消防学员，是受到了父亲救人事件的鼓舞。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
At the end of May, events were held to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Wu Chien-shiung.______36______(compare) with physicists such as Marie Curie, Wu is not a household name in China, but she was one of the most important nuclear physicists of the 20th century, who changed human’s view of_____37_____universe.
Wu was born on May 31, 1912, in Taicang,___38___the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. Her father, Wu Zhongyi,___39___(found) the first school for girls in Taicang in 1913. He aimed_____40_____(break) the old belief that it was women’s virtue to have no talents. The father, _____41_____ (absorb) the merits (长处) of Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese culture in mind, made a real impact _____42_____Wu Chien-shiung’s life.
She spent most of her life in the US, but always wore qipao, a_____43_____( tradition) Chinese dress. Working in the scientific world dominated (主宰) by men, she never gave up or lowered her standards even if___44___(unequal) treated.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s great____45____(achievement) won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”, “queen of nuclear research “and “first lady of physics”.
【答案】36. Compared
37. the 38. where
39. founded
40. to break
41. absorbing
42. on 43. traditional
44. unequally
45. achievements
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了核物理学家吴健雄的生平。
【36题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：与玛丽·居里等物理学家相比，吴健雄在中国并不家喻户晓，但她是20世纪最重要的核物理学家之一，改变了人类对宇宙的看法。动词compare和系动词is无连词连接，动词compare用非谓语形式，逻辑主语Wu与动词compare是动宾关系，用过去分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Compared。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：与玛丽·居里等物理学家相比，吴健雄在中国并不家喻户晓，但她是20世纪最重要的核物理学家之一，改变了人类对宇宙的看法。世界上独一无二的事物（如universe）前，用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：吴健雄于1912年5月31日出生于太仓，这里是长江注入东海的地方。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Taicang，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：她的父亲吴仲裔于1913年在太仓创办了第一所女子学校。结合时间状语in 1913可知，谓语动词found用一般过去时。故填founded。
【40题详解】
考查不定式。句意：他旨在打破那种认为女子无才便是德的旧观念。aim to do sth. (旨在做某事)，break用不定式形式。故填to break。
【41题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：这位父亲吸收了西方思想的优点，同时铭记着深深植根于中国文化的伟大思想，对吴建雄的一生产生了真正的影响。本句已有谓语made且无连词，动词absorb用非谓语形式，逻辑主语The father与动词absorb是主谓关系，absorb用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语。故填absorbing。
【42题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：这位父亲吸收了西方思想的优点，同时铭记着深深植根于中国文化的伟大思想，对吴健雄的一生产生了真正的影响。make an impact on sth. (对某事产生影响)。故填on。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她一生中的大部分时间都在美国度过，但始终穿着旗袍，这是中国的一种传统服装。形容词traditional作定语，修饰名词短语Chinese dress。故填traditional。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：在男性主导的科学世界中工作，她从未放弃或降低自己的标准，即使受到不平等的待遇。副词unequally作状语，修饰动词treat。故填unequally。
【45题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在她44年的核物理学家生涯中，吴健雄的巨大成就为她赢得了“中国的居里夫人”、“核研究女王”和“物理学第一夫人”等称号。不止一个成就，用可数名词achievement的复数形式表泛指，作主语。故填achievements。
第三节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
根据首字母和汉语提出写出下面单词的正确形式。
46. John Snow suspected that the water pump was to b________(责备；指责).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】blame##lame
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：约翰·斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。be to blame (应受责备)。故填blame。
47. One cannot d________ (否认) the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】deny##eny
【解析】
【详解】考查动词原形。句意：人们不能否认出国留学有其缺点。情态动词cannot后用，动词deny的动词原形形式。故填deny。
48. Use body language in a way that is a________(合适的) to the culture you are in. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】appropriate##ppropriate
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：肢体语言的使用要符合你所处的文化。空前是be动词，此处需要填形容词appropriate做表语。故填appropriate。
49. Yuan was c________(相信) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】convinced##onvinced
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：袁隆平相信，答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知应填形容词convinced，作表语。故填convinced。
50. Processed foods often contain higher q________(数量) of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】quantities##uantities
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：加工食品通常比新鲜食材含有更多的糖、盐和脂肪。quantities of大量的。根据中英文提示及句意，故填quantities。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
51. 假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友William寒假期间要来中国游玩，行程中有三天计划住在你家，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．住宿条件；
2．活动安排；
3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear William,
I am delighted to know that you are coming to China , and especially excited that you will stay in my home. Now, I’d like to tell you some relevant information about your stay here.
The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. Varieties of books as well as a computer are available. Of course you have easy access to the network. What ’s more, I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest. By the way, we are having a cold winter here. So , be sure to bring with you winter clothes.
I am sure you will have a wonderful experience here. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】这篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，1．住宿条件；2．活动安排；3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。第二，人称为第一人称和第二人称。第三，时态为一般现在时和一般将来时。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，欢迎William的到来并告知相关的信息。第二段，1．住宿条件；2．活动安排；3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。第三段，表示感谢并期。其中第二段为重点段落。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语:bright and pleasant，varieties of books，have easy access to ,show sb. around, some places of interest, bring with, a wonderful experience.
第四步：确定较为高级的句子:I am delighted to know that you are coming to China , and especially excited that you will stay in my home. The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest.
第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: especially ,now, of course, whats more, by the way, so.
第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式如: I am delighted to know that you are coming to China , and especially excited that you will stay in my home.The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest.
高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次,整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
第二节(满分25分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sally had longed to become a dancer since three. However, a terrible car accident made that ambition nearly come to an end overnight in 2011. Sally, then a 15-year-old high school student in California was injured severely in the accident that left her paralyzed(瘫痪的) from the waist down. For most people, that would have dashed any hope of a dancing career. But for Sally, it was just the beginning of new life. Instead of being a barrier, her wheelchair made her more courageous. “I wanted to prove to my community and to myself that I was still‘normal’,”she said with a determined look,“Whatever normal meant.”
In her eyes, Normal meant dancing, so Sally did it in her wheelchair right alongside her nondisabled high school dance team. “Half of my body was taken away from me, and I have to move it with my hands,” Sally said. “It definitely took a lot of learning and patience.”
After graduation, Sally expanded her dance network to include women who had the same situation as her. She met people online who had suffered various spinal cord injuries (脊髓损伤), and invited them to dance with her by sharing her determination. “It was such an amazing experience.” Hoping to reach more people in a larger city, Sally moved to Los Angeles in 2016 and formed a team of dancers with disabilities called DREAM. “I want to show that dance is dance, whether you’re walking or you’re rolling.”
In Sally’s dancing team, there was a girl Ella aged 12, who had been feeling depressed since the terrible accident. Having known about the girl’s situation, Sally made efforts to seek every chance to help the little girl find back the confidence to live. Thanks to Sally’s continuous efforts, the little girl recovered physically and mentally day by day. The other day, an invitation to a national dancing competition arrived. After a heated discussion, they reached an agreement that they would recommend Ella to the competition on behalf of the team.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On hearing the decision, Ella felt more than worried.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The audience stood up and clapped for Ella’s excellent performance.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 On hearing the decision, Ella felt more than worried. She knew that it was their trust on her that made her get the chance to dance on that large stage. So she began to practice hard every day. Whenever she met with problems, she would turn to Sally for help. The competition day came finally, and it was Ella’s turn to show herself. Ella controlled her worry and excitement, and danced with gentle elegance and strength.
The audience stood up and clapped for Ella’s excellent performance. Ella looked around and noticed that Sally and all her teammates were sitting under the stage, with their eyes filled with tears and smiles on their faces. At that moment, Ella knew that she was successful. She was very grateful to Sally and all her teammates. Thanks to their support and belief, she could gain confidence and succeed in dancing at last. She had made up her mind to go on this way forever.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要描述残疾人Sally为追逐自己的舞蹈梦，即使下肢瘫痪，也仍然坚持学习和训练，并且帮助和她一样有残疾又想跳舞的人实现梦想。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“听到这个决定，Ella感到很担心。”可知，第一段可描写Ella听到这个决定之后的心理活动和行动。
②由第二段首句内容“观众们都站了起来，并且为Ella优秀的表演而鼓掌。”可知，第二段可描写Ella在表演成功之后的感想。
2.续写线索：担心——训练——登台——成功——感谢
3.词汇激活
行为类
①信任：trust/have confidence in
②求助：turn to sb. for help/ask for help
情绪类
①担心：worry/concern
②激动：excitement/thrill/ delight
【点睛】【高分句型1】She knew that it was their trust on her that made her get the chance to dance on that large stage.（由that引导的宾语从句和it was…that引导的强调句型）
【高分句型2】Whenever she met with problems, she would turn to Sally for help.（由Whenever引导的时间状语从句）
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