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2023届高考英语二轮复习第二讲活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破课件
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这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习第二讲活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破课件,共55页。PPT课件主要包含了专题三 完形填空,答案 A,答案 B,答案 D,名师点津,课堂新体验,答案C,答案D,答案B,答案A等内容,欢迎下载使用。
第二讲 活用方法,精读题目,3类题型突破通过第一步的通览文章,明白文章大意、内容梗概后,接下来便是精读文章和做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题,也就是第一讲中所提到的句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目,使用“题文齐读法”便可在文章的通读环节预判解答一部分,但有些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章,所以对于这些题目,应做到解题有理有据、有法可依。一、5大方法速判句内层次题句内层次题的解题信息分布在相应句内,在读懂文意的前提下,利用句中的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目,学生可以边读边填,将原文信息尽量复原。
方法(一) 利用生活常识和文化背景解题完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时,若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西文化的差异,将会大大简化分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,从而轻松地作出正确的判断
[典例] (2022·全国乙卷)We brught yung children aged 2-4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC.Each 47.child sat dwn with an adult wh cvered her wn eyes r then asked the child if she culd 49 r hear the adult.Surprisingly,children replied that they culdn't.The same 50.thing happened when the adult cvered her wn muth:51.Nw children said that they culdn't 52.speak t D.fl
[解析] 本题可以利用生活常识和文化背景知识解题。根据上文可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛和耳朵,所以此处是指,“我们”问孩子她是否能看到或听到该成年人。see意为“看到”;help意为“帮助”;reach意为“(伸展手臂或腿)够到”;fl意为“愚弄”。
方法(二) 利用对应成分分析法解题完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系,它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与填空处相对应的已知成分,将它作为线索,从而推断出答案
[典例] (2021·浙江卷),within fifteen minutes f 39.arriving,my wrries had gne. Everyne was s 40 and likeminded that it was very 41.easy t feel at D.curius
方法(三) 利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题[典例] (2022·全国乙卷)Hwever,we all witness that preschl children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest f their bdies D.quick
[解析] 本题可以利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题。根据下文“They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest f their bdies 43 .”可知,学龄前的儿童应是不擅长隐藏,be bad at sth为固定搭配,表示“不擅长某事”。
方法(四) 利用逻辑关系解题此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案,主要应用于完形填空的两类题型:一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语;二是考查上下文的逻辑关系[典例] (2020·山东统一模考卷)I am willing t stay up here fr as lng as it takes, 33 I hnestly hpe it wn't be t lng befre I can put my feet n the grund belw and stand in a frest that will never be D.s
[解析] 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。空前提到“我”愿意待在上面尽可能长的时间,空后说“我”不希望待太长时间,由此可知,前后两句的语义关系为转折关系,从而可知正确选项。
方法(五) 利用语境暗示分析法解题上下文语境具体体现为:全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中,我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案[典例] (2021·全国乙卷) She was 49 fr everything that the medical and nursing team had dne fr her.On her day f discharge,we shared in her 50.delight at her recvery.As she was 51.leaving she was eager t say 52.gdbye t each f us in the nursing D.fearful
[解析] 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文中的“everything that the medical and nursing team had dne fr her”可推知,她感激医护人员为她做的一切。
二、4种技巧智破句组层次题句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,解题信息分布在空处前后的一组意群之中,解题时需瞻前顾后,综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填,空处前后再找信息源。
技巧(一) 利用语义复现解题复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。因此,可根据文章的具体情况理解文章的结构和语境,利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案
原词复现[典例]When Beverly Burdeyney turned seventyfur last year,she started having prblems with her 36 ,ntably dryness and discmfrt.……Eventually,Ms Burdeyney learned abut plans fr an eye research,43.prgramme at Tel Aviv University in D.eye
[解析] 本题可以利用原词复现解题。根据文段中的第一句“Eventually,Ms Burdeyney learned abut plans fr an eye research”中的“eye”可知,空处是她的眼睛有问题。
同义词复现[典例] (2021·天津卷)Fr mst peple,having things stlen feels like an ffence.Rbbie Pruitt admitted that he gt 16 when he discvered the theft f his muntain bike last September. But sn enugh,his 17.emtins tk a turn.After letting g f his anger and frustratin,he fund himself n a rad t sympathy D.frightened
[解析] 本题可以利用同义词复现解题。根据下文的“After letting g f his anger and frustratin”可知,空处和“anger”“frustratin”是同义词,由此可知正确选项。
反义词复现[典例] (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Our 48.rles in the factry were simple:Place cakes n a mving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and bunny frm the belt.This was 50 than it dwn a bit and the cakes pile up.As I tld my parents at dinner that first night,it was all a little mre highpressure than I'd D.cheaper
[解析] 本题可以利用反义词复现解题。尽管上文提到了Our 48.rles in the factry were simple,但根据下文中的“the cakes pile up”和“a little mre highpressure”可知,作者想表达实际上他们的工作并不像听上去那么简单,harder与simple构成了反义词复现。
技巧(二) 利用作者的态度或感情色彩关联解题在做完形填空题时,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中,仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案
[典例] (2021·浙江卷)My jb was t 45.build a stairway ut f rck.This 46.meant climbing up and dwn the side f a muntain inhabited(栖息)by muntain lins,althugh I shuld say they were nly heard,never days later,a beautiful stairway came int being.The 48 f knwing that my 49.wrk will be n that muntainside fr years t cme is D.intentin
[解析] 本题可以利用作者的态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据48空后“my 49.wrk will be n that muntainside fr years t cme is massive”了解到“我”的工作成果将会在未来数年都在这个山坡上,作者对自己的工作有十足的满足感,故用satisfactin (满足,满足感)。
技巧(三) 利用逻辑关系解题在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的解题方法[典例] (2022·新高考卷Ⅰ) tied a rpe arund his waist t keep him near t ur spt.That lasted abut ten minutes.He was 44.uncmfrtable,and his crying let the whle campgrund knw it.S 45 tying him up,I just kept a clse eye n him.It 46.wrked—he didn't end up in the creek.My threeyearld,hwever, t B.instead fC.apart frm D.as fr
[解析] 本题可利用逻辑关系解题。根据上文中的“I tied a rpe arund his lasted abut ten minutes.”和下文中的“I just kept a clse eye n him.”可推知,为了不让孩子哭,“我”不再用绳子绑住他,而是紧盯着他。due t 意为“由于”;instead f意为“代替;而不是……”;apart frm意为“除……以外”;as fr意为“至于”。
技巧(四) 利用语境暗示分析法解题在句组层次题中,有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案[典例] (2021·全国甲卷)Burchill was 41.staying at the htel n business and planning t 42.visit sme friends in the area.They had asked him t 43.bring sme pepperni(辣香肠)frm back east.S he 44 a suitcase full f D.lst
[解析] 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文中的“They had asked him t 43.bring sme pepperni(辣香肠)frm back east.”可推知,Burchill应该是装了一手提箱的辣香肠带给朋友,A项符合上下文语境。
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题语篇层次题是最高的考点层次,也是学生拉分题,此类试题需要阅读全篇,站在整个语篇的角度选出正确的答案。
思路(一) 利用首尾呼应关系解题[典例] (2021·浙江卷)I was sent t the Crnad Natinal Frest fr my first 8day 42 .We had t 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles t where we wrked.It may nt seem like a 44.lng way but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack,my legs were n fire.……
53.Needless t say,I suffered a lt.But I knw whatever I have t face in my life I was there and I 54.survived.I think I am much 55.strnger fr having taken part in the D.curse
[解题依据] 完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系,通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息,可以更好地解答部分题目。[解析] 本题可以利用首尾呼应关系解题。根据文章末尾的the prject可知,本篇文章讲述的是作者某次项目的经历,结合文末信息回到开头题目可知,作者被派去Crnad Natinal Frest是为了一个为期8天的“项目(工程)”。
思路(二) 利用文章发展脉络解题[典例] (2021·全国乙卷)Simply saying thank yu desn't seem enugh in certain situatins.I was cnsidering this while wrking as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ag.And it came t me then hw much easier it wuld be if we had a range f wrds that express different 42.grades f gratitude(感谢).My thughts were sn 43 .We had a wman patient wh was 44.recvering frm a knee replacement peratin.One afternn,while 45.attempting t get int bed she cllapsed(倒下)frm what was 46.eventually discvered t be a heart attack.The cllapse was disastrus,47.requiring the emergency medical team and gd teamwrk.But she recvered,thugh 48.slwly,and was ready fr discharge(出院)after fur weeks.
asideB.put t the testC.brught under discussinD.taken int accunt
[解题依据] 叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括“开端—故事发展—高潮—结局”等不同情节,应梳理文章发展脉络,理清行文结构[解析] 本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法:应有不同的词语表达不同程度的感谢,而根据下文可知,作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断,作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了检验。
AMy cusin is nine years ld,a little bit fat and desn't d really well at schl. She is heavily 1 ,and thus has develped sme resistance and 2 twards adults,wh usually dn't put high hpes in her.Yesterday we went t an art exhibitin tgether.There were paintings frm kids with disabilities.My little girl has a 3 eye,fr the paintings she liked mst were als the best f the shw.She vluntarily helped t 4 the chairs and table fr a sharing sessin,painted by herself alngside new friends while I attended the sharing,and als 5 helped me t get my bag frm anther rm,smething that desn't happen ften at 6 as she's usually attached t her iPad.
In the afternn,we went t buy bks tgether.I bught a bk written by a mum 7 her jurney with her autistic(自闭的)sn.On the bus back hme,I briefly intrduced the bk t my cusin,and t my surprise she was 8 interested. She kept asking me t tell mre stries abut the by in the bk wh 9 with small things in life.Even when the subject strayed(偏离)elsewhere,she 10 hearing mre abut this by.This is the first time I‘ve seen her s interested in a(n) 11 .Usually when she talks t me she describes events at schl and at hme withut a clear fcus.I'm 12 that the life f a 13 has fund its way int this little girl's heart.
I'm very thankful fr the pwer f bks,fr the beauty that my cusin revealed t me,and fr the time we had tgether.I 14 that I can keep seeing clearly the wnderful things in her,s that whenever unkindness 15 ,I can remind her hw truly wnderful she has always been.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的堂妹有点胖、学习又不好,经常受到嘲笑,因此她不信任大人并对大人有一些抵触情绪。在作者给她讲了关于一位母亲和她的自闭症的儿子的故事后,她发生了一些改变。 D.amused
解析:考查动词辨析。根据上文“My cusin is nine years ld,a little bit fat and desn't d really well at schl.”和下文中的“and thus has develped sme resistance and twards adults,wh usually dn't put high hpes in her”可知,作者的堂妹因为肥胖、成绩不好而遭到取笑,因此她对大人有些抵触、不信任。A项意为“滥用”;B项意为“羡慕”;C项意为“嘲笑”;D项意为“使娱乐”。故选C。
D.distrust
解析:考查名词辨析。解析见上题。A项意为“不诚实”;B项意为“依赖”;C项意为“困惑”;D项意为“不信任”。故选D。
D.critical
解析:考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“fr the paintings she liked mst were als the best f the shw”可知,作者的堂妹最喜欢的画是展出的画中最好的那一幅,所以此处指作者的堂妹有一双敏锐的眼睛,洞察力很强。A项意为“好奇的”;B项意为“敏锐的”;C项意为“怀疑的”;D 项意为“批评的”。故选B。
D.arrange
解析:考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“the chairs and table fr a sharing sessin”可知,作者的堂妹主动帮忙安排分享会所用的桌椅。A项意为“移走”;B项意为“借”;C项意为“分配”;D项意为“安排”。故选D。
D.cautiusly
解析:考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“helped me t get my bag frm anther rm”及全文可知,作者的堂妹应是高高兴兴地帮作者拎包。A项意为“随意地”;B项意为“不乐意地”;C项意为“高高兴兴地”;D项意为“谨慎地”。故选C。
D.weekends
解析:考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“as she's usually attached t her iPad”可知,堂妹的表现和在家时不太一样。A项意为“家”;B项意为“学校”;C项意为“晚上”;D 项意为“周末”。故选A。
D.preserving
解析:考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“her jurney with her autistic(自闭的)sn”可知,那位母亲在书中记录了她和她自闭的儿子一起走过的旅程。A项意为“观察”;B项意为“记录”;C项意为“促进”;D项意为“保护”。故选B。
D.mstly
解析:考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“She kept asking me t tell mre stries”及语境可知,让作者感到意外的是,堂妹对这本书所讲述的内容很感兴趣。A项意为“真正地”;B项意为“几乎不”;C项意为“温和地”;D项意为“主要地”。故选A。
D.meets
解析:考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“with small things in life”及语境可知,堂妹一直让作者多讲一些书中那位与各种事情进行抗争的小男孩的故事。A项意为“处理”;B项意为“扮演”;C项意为“抗争,斗争”;D项意为“遇见”。故选C。
up fr B.insisted nC.carried n D.bjected t
解析:考查动词短语辨析。根据上文中的“Even when the subject strayed(偏离)elsewhere”及语境可知,即使书中的话题偏离到其他事物上时,堂妹仍然坚持要听更多关于那个小男孩的故事。A项意为“弥补”;B项意为“坚持”;C项意为“继续”;D项意为“反对”。故选B。
解析:考查名词辨析。根据语境可知,堂妹对书中的小男孩的事情很感兴趣,这是作者第一次看见堂妹对一个话题这么感兴趣。A项意为“书”;B项意为“旅程”;C项意为“疾病”;D项意为“话题”。故选D。
D.excited
解析:考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“that the life f a has fund its way int this little girl's heart”可知,堂妹对一个陌生人的生活如此上心,她的这一举动打动了作者。A项意为“被打动的”;B项意为“满意的”;C项意为“有希望的”;D项意为“兴奋的”。故选A。
B.passerbyC.traveller D.stranger
解析:考查名词辨析。根据语境可知,书中的小男孩对堂妹来说是一个陌生人。A项意为“亲戚”;B项意为“路人”;C项意为“旅行者”;D项意为“陌生人”。故选D。
D.determine
解析:考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“I can keep seeing clearly the wnderful things in her”可知,作者祈祷自己能一直看到堂妹身上的那些美好之处。A项意为“同意”;B项意为“认为”;C项意为“祈祷”;D项意为“下决心”。故选C。
B.arises C.affects D.wrks
解析:考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“s that whenever unkindness”及语境可知,作者的堂妹总是被人嘲笑,所以此处指当一些不友好的情况发生时。A项意为“继续”;B项意为“出现”;C项意为“影响”;D项意为“工作”。故选B。
B(2022·重庆高三第二次调研)He was n schlar,and his classmates teased him.Rather than reading,the future directr really preferred running arund with an 8 mm camera, 1 hmemade mvies f his Linel train set,which he shwed t friends fr a small fee.After being denied 2 int a traditinal filmmaking schl,Steven Spielberg enrlled at Califrnia State University.Then in 1965,he 3 ,in ne f thse unexpected mments,his life tk a cmplete 4 .Visiting Universal Studis,he met Chuck Silvers,wh was in charge f the editrial department. Silvers 5 the kid wh made 8 mm films and invited him back smetime fr a visit.
He 6 the next day.Withut a jb r security clearance(安全许可),Spielberg,dressed in a dark 7 and tie,walked 8 up t the guard at the gate f Universal Studis and gave him a casual wave.The guard waved back.He was 9 .“Fr the entire summer,”Spielberg remembers,“I dressed in my suit and hung ut with the directrs and writers,including Silvers,wh knew the kid wasn't a studi 10 ,but still given a chance.I even fund an ffice that wasn't being used,and 11 in.I bught sme plastic tiles and put my 12 in the building directry(名录):Steven Spielberg,Rm 23C.”It 13 fr everyne.Ten years later,the 28yearld Spielberg, 14 Jaws,which tk in $470 millin,then the 15 mvie f all time.Dzens f films and awards have fllwed because Steven Spielberg knew what his teachers didn't—talent is in the eyes f the filmmaker.
【语篇解读】 本篇讲述了Steven Spielberg从一个被同学戏弄,被传统电影学校拒绝的学生一路成长为拿到许多奖项的天资卓越的电影制作人的故事。 D.watching
解析:考查语境推断。根据空前的“the future ”可知,此处表示拍摄(shting)自制电影,故选C。
D.reprts
解析:考查语境推断。根据空前的“being denied”和下文中的“Steven Spielberg enrlled at Califrnia State Cllege”可知,此处表示Spielberg被传统电影学校拒绝入学,故选B。
解析:考查语境推断。根据语境和空后的“One f thse unexpected mments”可知,此处表示“他记起那些意想不到的瞬间之一”,故选B。recall“回忆起;记起”。
D.cheated
解析:考查语境推断。根据上下文可知,此处表示他的人生有了彻底的转变(turn)。
解析:考查语境推断。根据空后的“and invited him back smetime fr a visit”可推知,此处表示Silvers喜欢这个制作8毫米电影的孩子。
D.shirt
解析:考查语境推断。根据下文中的“at the gate f Universal Studis”可知,此处表示“他第二天就出现了”。appear“出现”。
解析:考查语境和常识推断。根据空后的“tie”和常识可知,此处表示Spielberg穿着黑色的西装(suit)并戴着领带。
D.ut
解析:考查语境推断。根据空后的“up t the casual wave”可推知,此处表示他自信地(cnfidently)走向警卫。
解析:考查语境推断。根据空前的“The guard waved back”以及下文的内容可知,此处表示他进去了。故选A。
D.mved
解析:考查语境推断。根据上文中的“Withut a jb r security clearance(安全许可)”和空后的“but still given a chance”可知,此处表示 Spielberg不是工作室的雇员(emplyee)。
解析:考查语境推断。根据空前的“an ffice that wasn't being used”和下文中的“I bught sme Spielberg,Rm 23C”可知,此处表示他搬了进去。故选D。
ff B.ended upC.settled dwn D.set ut
解析:考查语境推断。根据下文中的“Steven Spielberg,Rm 23C”可知,此处表示他把自己的名字放进了大楼名录里。
解析:考查语境推断。根据下文中的“Jaws,which tk in $470 millin... awards have fllwed”可知,此处表示每个人都取得了成功。
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