高中英语高考北京专用2020届高考英语一轮复习专题三细节理解课件

这是一份高中英语高考北京专用2020届高考英语一轮复习专题三细节理解课件，共60页。
第二部分 阅读理解专题三 细节理解
高考英语 (北京市专用)
A组  自主命题·北京卷题组
Group 1Passage 1(2019北京,A)词数:295Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time?You can do all the three with Global Development Association (GDA). Whatever stage of life you're at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17—24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25—75. They are extremely important in the safe and ef-fective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.
Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure chal-lenge to train young volunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills andincrease your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends.This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:
　　GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.Find out more about joining a GDA programme:Website:www.glodeve.orgEmail:humanresources@glodeve.org1.What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A.To seek local partners. B.To take in young volunteers.C.To carry out programmes. D.To foster cultural awareness.2.The programme beginning in August will operate in　　    .A.Egypt　　B.Algeria　　C.Kenya　　D.South Africa3.The shared goal of GDA's projects is to　　    .A.explore new cultures　　B.protect the environmentC.gain corporate benefits　　D.help communities in need
答案    [语篇解读]　本文体裁为应用文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为社会责任。文章介绍了一个名为Global Development Association的志愿者项目。本文侧重培养学生的思维品质。1.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:志愿者经理的主要职责是什么?根据题干中的volunteer managers可锁定答案在第二段。根据第二段第四句They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.可知答案为C项(执行项目)。A:寻找当地的合作者;B:吸纳年轻志愿者;D:培养文化意识。2.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:在八月份启动的项目将会在　　    运作。根据题干中的beginning in August可知,答案在表格中,对应日期为2 Aug.—29 Aug.,对应的国家是South Africa,所以答案是D项。3.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:GDA项目的共同目标是　　    。根据题干中的关键词shared goal of GDA's projects可知,答案在第六段。根据第六段的最后一句All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.(我们所有的项目旨在促进贫困偏远社区的发展。)可知本题选择D项(帮助有需要的社区)。A:探索新文化;B:保护环境;C:获得企业效益。
高考热词    1.worthwhile adj. 值得做的　2.access n. 使用权　3.promote v. 促进　4.remote adj. 遥远的;偏远的
长难句　GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. GDA确保志愿者们在需要我们帮助的地方与社区成员们和当地的项目伙伴们一起工作。句子主干是GDA ensures that volunteers work,其中that引导的是宾语从句;and连接并列成分community members和local project partners;where our help is needed是状语从句。
Passage 2 (2018北京,B)词数:284Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) CenterIf you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learnthe principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about
water-and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Fam-ily Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week—there is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at www.oursac.com.1.Why do people come to SAC?A.To experience adventures. B.To look for jobs in aviation.C.To get a degree in engineering. D.To learn more about medicine.2.To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to 　　    .A.fly to space B.get an Aviation badge firstC.study the principles of flight D.build and fire model rockets3.What is the most important for trainees?A.Leadership.　　B.Team spirit. C.Task planning.　　D.Survival skills.
答案    [语篇解读]    本文是一篇应用文, 介绍在太空航空中心的一些活动,人们在这里可以通过动手操作和团队合作体验冒险。1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话(如果你想寻求独特的冒险,太空航空中心是一个好地方。)可知答案选A。2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话(在太空训练营,参加培训的人员在建造和发射火箭模型,了解太空任务并和来自世界各地的工作人员一起尝试太空模拟飞行时,能够赢得太空探索徽章。)可知选D。3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段(在所有的课程中,当参加培训的人员在学习领导能力的重要性和参与更大的任务时,团队合作是很关键的。)可知选B。
高考热词    1.unique adj.独特的　2.challenge v.挑战　3.inspire v.激励;鼓舞　4.trainee n.接受培训的人　5.principle n.原理　6.rescue n.营救;救援
高级语块　1.hands-on adj. 亲身实践的2.a variety of 各种各样的
Passage 3 (2017北京,B)词数:184
1.Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?A.It entertains young parents.B.It provides serious advertisements.C.It publishes popular science fictions.D.It combines fun with complex concepts.2.What does TOKNOW offer its readers?A.Online courses. B.Articles on new topics.C.Lectures on a balanced life. D.Reports on scientific discoveries.3.How much should you pay if you make a 12-month subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?A.￡55.　　B.￡60.　　C.￡65.　　D.￡70.4.Subscribers of TOKNOW would get　　    .A.free birthday presentsB.full refund within 28 daysC.membership of the TOKNOW clubD.chances to meet the experts in person
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。题材为广告类。介绍了TOKNOW杂志的内容以及订阅须知。1.D　细节理解题。根据...bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans...以及TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children可知,TO-KNOW杂志的独特性在于它将一些复杂的概念与乐趣结合起来,便于儿童读者理解,故选D项。2.B　细节理解题。根据Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles...可知,TOKNOW提供给读者关于新鲜话题的文章。3.D　细节理解题。解题关键在于认真审题,抓住题干中的关键信息with gift pack from Chi-na。带有礼包的年度订阅费用为:Europe ￡60　Rest of World ￡70,故答案为D项。4.B　细节理解题。根据Refund Policy可知,订阅可以在28天内取消并全额退款,故答案为B项。
高考热词    1.hit n.受欢迎的人或事物　2.combination n.结合 3.promotion n.促销活动;广告宣传　4.complex adj. 复杂的　5.accessible adj.容易理解的;易懂的　6.refund n.退款
高级语块　1.be jam-packed with充满……　2.have a balanced take on对……有一个客观的看法
长难句　TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy—and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.TOKNOW使复杂的观点变得有吸引力和易于儿童理解,儿童们便能接触一些高级的理念,甚至是哲学。他们将很快发现,TOKNOW使人感觉更像是一个俱乐部,而不仅是一本杂志。关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为children;破折号后的句子中含有一个that引导的宾语从句。
Passage 4 (2016北京,A) 词数:316 December 15,2014Dear Alfred,I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, I'm any-thing but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍).Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became cu-rious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn't.So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the on-line computer courses of your training center.
Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I'm learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your videos.This has given me a purpose.Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.Thank you. You've given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I'm doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.This is why you're saving my life. Yours, Tanis
1.Why didn't Tanis go to college after high school?A.She had learned enough about computer science.B.She had more difficulty keeping focused.C.She preferred taking online courses.D.She was too slow to learn.2.As for the working environment, Tanis prefers　　    .A.working by herselfB.dealing with the publicC.competing against othersD.staying with ADHD students3.Tanis wrote this letter in order to　　    .A.explain why she was interested in the computerB.share the ideas she had for her professionC.show how grateful she was to the centerD.describe the courses she had taken so far
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一封书信,属于应用文。文章主要讲述了Tanis因患有ADHD而无法上大学,后来在网上培训中心的帮助下发现了自己的价值,从而十分感谢该培训中心。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二、三句可知作者患了ADHD,而由文章第四段第一句...my disease got worse.可知,选B。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的I could work alone可判断选A。3.C　主旨要义题。根据文章全文以及第七段中的Thank you. You've given me hope可判断在作者不能上大学后是培训中心给了她希望,因此她写信是为了表达感激之情,故选C项。
高考热词    1.absorbed adj. 专心致志的　2.relevant adj. 紧密相关的3.curiosity n.好奇心　4.prove v.证明　5.respectful adj. 恭敬的　6.competitor n.竞争者
高级语块　1.kill time 打发时间　2.full steam ahead 全速前进
长难句　I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession,without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.我想证明我没有上大学也能自学一个不错的职业,并且即使不比我的对手强也会和他们一样好。句子中that 从句为宾语从句,作prove的宾语;if not better than为插入语。
Group 2Passage 1 (2015北京,A) 词数:364The Boy Made It!One Sunday,Nicholas,a teenager,went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine.In the early after-noon,when he was planning to go home,a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.Unable to see far,he accidentally turned off the path.Before he knew it,Nicholas was lost,all alone! He didn't have food,water,a phone,or other supplies.He was getting colder by the minute.Nicholas had no idea where he was.He tried not to panic.He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop skiing.There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put.The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.If he didn't,his body temper-ature would get very low,which could quickly kill him.Using his skis,Nicholas built a snow cave.He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle.Then he piled branches on top of himself,like a blanket,to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening,Nicholas was really hungry.He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn't lose too much water.Not knowing how much longer he could last,Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled(蜷缩)in his cave and slept.The next day,Nicholas went out to look for help,but he couldn't find anyone.He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave,because without shelter,he could die that night.On Tuesday,Nicholas went out again to find help.He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.After two days stuck in the snow,Nicholas was saved.Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.He had often watched Grylls' survival show Man vs.Wild.That's where he learned the tips that saved his life.In each episode(一期节目)of Man vs. Wild,Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.When Grylls heard about Nicholas' amazing deeds,he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.1.What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?A.He got lost.　　B.He broke his skis.C.He hurt his eyes.　　D.He caught a cold.
2.How did Nicholas keep himself warm?A.He found a shelter.B.He lighted some branches.C.He kept on skiing.D.He built a snow cave.3.On Tuesday,Nicholas　　    .A.returned to his shelter safelyB.was saved by a searcherC.got stuck in the snowD.stayed where he was4.Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he　　    .A.did the right things in the dangerous situationB.watched Grylls' TV program regularlyC.created some tips for survivalD.was very hard-working
答案    [语篇解读]　尼古拉斯滑雪时突遇暴风雪,独自一人迷路。之后他借助自己在电视中学到的生存知识成功自救。1.A　细节理解题。由第一段的第四句可知选择A项。2.D　细节理解题。由第四段可知选择D项。3.B　细节理解题。由第六段的倒数第二句可知答案为B项。4.A　推理判断题。由最后一段可推断出答案为A项。
高考热词    1.fierce adj. 猛烈的　2.accidentally adv. 意外地　3.supply n.供给物　4.panic v.(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措　5.survival n.幸存　6.pile v.把……堆积起来　7.stream n.小河　8.track n.(人、兽等的)足迹,痕迹　9.abandon v.抛弃,遗弃(某人)　10.alive adj. 活着的
高级语块　1.stay put 待在原地　2.a huge mass of 大量的
长难句　Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled in his cave and slept.在不知道他能坚持多长时间的情况下,尼古拉斯做了他唯一能做的事情——他蜷缩进洞里然后睡觉。本句的主语是Nicholas,谓语动词是did,Not knowing how much longer he could last是伴随状语,knowing为非谓语动词,它的逻辑主语是Nicholas,knowing后接了一个宾语从句。
Passage 2(2014北京,A) 词数:308Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium(水族馆)The all-new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium,situated in the heart of Melbourne's CBD,is one of Victoria's leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family.Having 12 amazing zones of discovery,Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city.◆Opening TimesSea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year,including public holidays.Last admission is at 5:00 pm,one hour before closing.◆Location(位置)Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is located on the corner of Flinders Street and King Street,Mel-bourne.It is situated on the Yarra River,opposite Crown Entertainment Complex.
◆Getting to Sea Life Melbourne AquariumTrainSea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a short walk from either Flinders or Southern Cross train stations.Tram(有轨电车)The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium tram stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route(公交线路)and also routes 70 and 75.City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions.Shuttle BusThe Melbourne City Tourist Shuttle is a free bus service,stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City.Running daily,every 15 minutes from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm.◆Car ParkingWhile there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium,there are several public car
parking lots available only a short walk away.◆Wheelchair AccessSea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones.Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets.◆TermsTickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted.Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium.No ticket,no entry!1.Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium　　    .A.is located at the center of the CBD in the cityB.has 12 most attractive places in MelbourneC.admits visitors from 9:30 am until 6:00 pmD.is beside Crown Entertainment Complex
2.Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium,visitors can take　　    .A.trains from Southern Cross train stationB.shuttle buses around the train stationC.boats across the Yarra RiverD.either tram route 70 or 753.Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium offers visitors　　    .A.free car parking　　B.wheelchair accessC.Internet connection　　D.transportation service4.Tickets to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium　　    .A.are free to all visitorsB.can be purchased by emailC.are checked at the entranceD.can be printed at the ticket office
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,题材为广告。本广告旨在介绍水族馆开放时间、地理位置、交通等。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“...situated in the heart of Melbourne's CBD...”可知本题选择A项。2.D　细节理解题。根据“Tram”中第一句“...and also routes 70 and 75.”可知本题选择D项。3.B　细节理解题。根据“Wheelchair Access”部分可知本题选择B项。4.C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“Please print out all tickets purchased and pre-sent at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium.”可知本题选择C项。
高考热词    1.situated adj.位于;坐落在　2.outing adj.(集体)出外游玩(或学习等)　3.zone n.区域　4.oppo-site adj. 对面的 5.available adj. 可用的　6.purchase v.购买
高级语块　access to 有权使用,可以利用
长难句　Having 12 amazing zones of discovery,Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city.墨尔本海洋生物水族馆拥有12个令人惊叹的区域,是你来访这座城市不能错过的地方。句中Having 12 amazing zones of discovery是非谓语动词短语作状语,逻辑主语是Sea Life Mel-bourne Aquarium,that you cannot miss when you visit the city是定语从句,修饰place,定语从句中有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
Passage 3(2013北京,D)词数:346MultitaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once,a new research suggests.The findings,based on performances and self-evaluations by about 275 college students,indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity,but because they are easily distracted(分心)and can't focus on one activity.And“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,”said David Sanbonmatsu,a psychologist at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked,how good they thought they were at it,and how sensation-seeking(寻求刺激)or impulsive(冲动)they were.They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly,the scientists said,most people thought they were better than average at multitask-ing,and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior,which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“People multitask not because it's going to lead to greater productivity,but because they're dis-tractible,and they get sucked into things that are not as important,”Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley,a researcher at the University of California,San Francisco,who was not a member of the research group,said one limitation of the study was that it couldn't find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people's recognizing and under-standing abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest,however,why the sensation-seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situa-tions,”said Paul Atchley,another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why peo-ple go in for these situations even though they're dangerous.”1.The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask　　    .A.seek high productivity constantlyB.prefer handling different things when getting boredC.are more focused when doing many things at a timeD.have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time2.When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research,they　　    .A.assessed the multitasking ability of the students
B.evaluated the academic achievements of the studentsC.analyzed the effects of the participants' tricky mental tasksD.measured the changes of the students' understanding ability3.According to Sanbonmatsu,people multitask because of their　　    .A.limited power in calculationB.interests in doing things differentlyC.inability to concentrate on one taskD.impulsive desire to try new things4.From the last paragraph,we can learn that multitaskers usually　　    .A.drive very skillfullyB.go in for difficult tasksC.fail to react quickly to potential dangersD.refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,研究表明同时做几件事的人并不能将事情做好,而他们这么做的原因是他们容易分心无法专注在一件事上。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once”以及最后一句中的“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things”可知应选择D项。2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability...”可知选择A项。3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第二句中的“...many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity,but because they are easily distracted and can't focus on one activity.”以及第四段第一句“People multitask not because it's going to lead to greater productivity,but be-cause they're distractible”可知应选择C项。4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句中的“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations”可以推断出选择C项。
高考热词    1.indicate v.表明　2.productivity n.生产力;生产率　3.evaluate v.评估　4.participant n.参与者　5.tricky adj.难对付的,棘手的　6.mental adj.思考的;智力的　7.multiple adj.数量多的;多种多样的　8.sensitive adj. 敏感的
高级语块　1.a set of 一套　2.get sucked into 卷入
长难句　The findings,based on performances and self-evaluations by about 275 college students,indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity,but because they are easily distracted and can't focus on one activity.根据大约275名大学生的表现和自我评价得出的发现表明,很多人同时做几件事不是因为他们想要提高效率,而是因为他们很容易分心并且无法将注意力集中在一件事上。句子的主语为The findings,其后的based on performances and self-evaluations by about 275 col-lege students为后置定语,句子可精简为:The findings indicate that many...can't focus on one ac-tivity.
Passage 4(2012北京,C)词数:341Decision-making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages,causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的)consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn,”says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about posi-tive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example,two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像)with either rewards or punishments.In one experiment,some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience;in the other,some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water.In both cases,the stressed participants remem-bered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smok-
ing a cigarette while under stress—at those moments,only the pleasure associated with such activi-ties comes to mind.But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect.Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better,but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and wom-en.While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress,their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big,men may tend to do better;when caution weighs more,however,women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men:they may more often avoid mak-ing the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to　　    .A.keep rewards better in their memory B.recall consequences more effortlesslyC.make risky decisions more frequently D.learn a subject more effectively2.According to the research,stress affects people most probably in their　　    .A.ways of making choices　　B.preference for pleasureC.tolerance of punishments　　D.responses to suggestions3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation,　　    .A.women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB.men have a greater tendency to slow downC.women focus more on outcomesD.men are more likely to take risks
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为介绍说明类。一项新的研究表明压力对人们做决定会产生影响。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第二句话“People learn better about positive than nega-tive outcomes under stress.”以及第四段最后一句话“...the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately...”,可知选择A项。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.”可知选择A项。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章第七段第二句话“In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big,men may tend to do better...”可知选择D项。
高考热词    1.acute adj. 严重的　2.cause v.导致　3.consequence n.结果;后果　4.predictable adj. 可预料的,可预见的 5.outcome n.结果　6.accurately adv. 精确地 7.phenomenon n.现象　8.recall v.记起;回想起
长难句　A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain con-siders the advantages and disadvantages,causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision.基于一项研究的新报告表明,巨大的压力会影响大脑考虑优势和劣势的方式,这样会造成大脑考虑某个决定时只聚焦于好的方面而忽略可能带来的不良后果。 将句子中的定语和状语画出“A new review based on a research(定语)shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages(定语),causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision(状语)”。
B组  统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组
Group 1Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:256Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student?Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible:Youth 15—18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible:Students aged 15—29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource manage-ment projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible:Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
1.What is special about Summer Company?A.It requires no training before employment.B.It provides awards for running new businesses.C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.D.It offers more summer job opportunities.2.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A.15—18.　　B.15—24.　　C.15—29.　　D.16—17.3.Which program favors the disabled?A.Jobs for Youth.B.Summer Company.C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D.Summer Employment Opportunities.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为暑期工作介绍。文章介绍了省政府及其合作伙伴为学生提供的几个暑期工作项目。本文旨在培养学生多渠道获得信息的能力。1.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:Summer Company 有什么特别之处?根据Summer Company标题下第一句(Summer Company给学生提供实际操作的商业培训和高达3,000美元的夏季自我创业奖励)可知B 项正确(为创业者提供奖励)。A:在上岗前不要求培训;C:让一个人在自然环境下工作;D:提供更多的夏季工作机会。2.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:Stewardship Youth Ranger Program要求的年龄范围是多大?根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program标题下第二段中的学生年龄是16或17岁,并且在今年12月31日以前不满18岁。由此可知答案为D项。3.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:哪个项目对残疾人有利?根据题干中的the disabled可定位到Summer Employment Opportunities部分最后一句话(有些职位要求学生年龄15到24岁,有残疾的可以放宽到29岁)。由此可知答案为D项。
高考热词    1.provincial adj.省的　2.employment n.雇用　3.disability n.残障;残疾
Passage 2(2019课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:261As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At pre-sent, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's iden-tities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Every-
body uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize dif-ferent participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typing.C.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A.Computers are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A.It'll be environment-friendly.B.It'll reach consumers soon.C.It'll be made of plastics.D.It'll help speed up typing.4.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.　　B.A guidebook.C.A novel.　　D.A magazine.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是科学与技术,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章介绍了Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的装置——智能键盘,来保护私人的电子空间,并希望这种设备能尽快进入市场,服务消费者。本文侧重培养学生的创新能力。1.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们为什么研发智能键盘?根据文章第一段可知,现在一些阻止别人进入私人电子空间的技术成本仍然很高。因此,来自Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的(low-cost)装置——智能键盘,来应对这个问题。所以答案为D项:减少电子空间保护的成本。A:减轻对按键的压力;B:提升打字的精确度;C:取代密码系统。2.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使智能键盘这项发明成为可能?根据第二段第四句“These patterns are unique to each person.”可知,因为每个人的打字模式各不相同,所以智能键盘能识别人的身份,保护人的隐私。所以答案为C项:打字模式因人而异。A:计算机很容易操作;B:指纹扫描技术发展很快;D:数据安全措施有保证。3.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们对智能键盘期待什么?根据文章最后一段最后两句话,研究者们说键盘应该直接商业化,智能键盘主要是由价格低廉的塑料类配件制成,团队希
望它在不久的将来进入市场。所以答案为B项(它将很快到达消费者手里)。A:它将是环保的;C:它将用塑料制造。此项为干扰项,用塑料制造是事实,但不是将来发生的事;D:它将有助于加速打字。4.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:这篇文章最有可能来自哪里?文章介绍了一种新的保护电子隐私空间的设备——智能键盘,并且希望产品能很快走进市场。本文语言客观严谨,属于科普类文章,故答案为D项:杂志。A:日记;B:指导手册;C:小说。
高考热词    1.identity n. 身份;特性　2.unique adj. 独特的3.straightforward adj. 简单的;坦率的;明确的;径直的4.commercialize v. 使商业化;使商品化
长难句　Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. 来自Georgia Tech的研究者说他们想出了一种低成本的解决这个问题的设备:智能键盘。该句主干为Researchers say that they have come up with a low-cost device。from Georgia Tech为介词短语作后置定语,修饰Researchers;that gets around this problem是定语从句, 修饰device。
Passage 3(2019课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:309Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). “We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,”says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’Basically, it's ‘I've got to produce this prod-uct and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in-per-son review, and...it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.1.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A.They are hard to get rid of.B.They lead to air pollution.C.They appear in different forms.D.They damage the instruments.
2.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B.To sharpen students' communication skills.C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.D.To link space technology with school education.3.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A.Check their product.　　B.Guide project designs.C.Adjust work schedules.　　D.Grade their homework.4.What is the best title for the text?A.NASA:The Home of AstronautsB.Space:The Final Homework FrontierC.Nature:An Outdoor ClassroomD.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform
答案    [语篇解读]　本文体裁为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。美国国家航空航天局创办了一个名为HUNCH的项目,一群高中生在项目中研究如何杀死国际空间站的细菌。本文侧重培养学生的思维品质。1.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们对国际空间站的细菌的了解有哪些?根据题干中的关键词bacteria in the International Space Station可定位至第一段。根据第一段中Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可知,国际空间站的细菌非常难处理,所以选择A项。B:它们导致空气污染;C:它们以不同的形式出现;D:它们毁坏仪器。2.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:HUNCH项目的目的是什么?第二段第一句HUNCH is de-signed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.(HUNCH的设计目的是将高中教室与NASA的工程师联系在一起。)中的high school classrooms与D选项中的school education(学校教育)对应,NASA engineers与D选项中的space technology(空间技术)对应,故选D。A:为
了加强师生关系;B:为了提升学生的交流技能;C:为了让学生体验失重。3.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:NASA的工程师为参加此项目的学生做了些什么?根据题干中的NASA engineers do可定位至第三段的Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product,句中两次出现review(检查,审查),证明NASA的工程师做的事情就是对学生做出的研究结果进行检查,所以答案是A项。B:指导项目设计;C:调整工作时间表;D:给他们的作业打分。4.B　主旨要义题。本题题干意为:最适合本文的标题是什么?本文主要介绍HUNCH项目,这个项目是有关太空研究的,而且研究者都是高中生。根据以上要点可知,最佳选项是B项(Space: The Final Homework Frontier),Space对应太空研究,Homework对应高中教育,Frontier(前沿)突出了这个项目的领先性。A:NASA:The Home of Astronauts,文章并非重点介绍NASA;C:Nature: An Outdoor Classroom,Nature并不聚焦太空领域;D:HUNCH: A College Ad-mission Reform,HUNCH项目不是大学入学改革。
高考热词    1.present v. 提出,提交　2.review n. 检查,审查
高级语块　1.a bunch of 一群　2.be absorbed in 专心于……
长难句　Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.戈登说,他的学生每天都给NASA的工程师们发关于这个问题的电子邮件,为在太空中进行测试准备一个可行的解决方案。句子的主干是:Gordon says his students are emailing daily,says后是宾语从句,省略了引导词that。readying a workable solution to test in space作状语。
Passage 4(2019课标全国Ⅲ,A)词数:204OPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAnimals Out of PaperYolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In pre-views. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her pri-vate meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Al-so starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth CenturyKristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?A.A type of art.　　B.A teenager's studio.C.A great teacher.　　D.A group of animals.2.Who is the director of The Audience?A.Helen Mirren.　　B.Peter Morgan.C.Dylan Baker.　　D.Stephen Daldry.3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?A.Animals Out of Paper.　　B.The Audience.C.Hamilton.　　D.On the Twentieth Century.
答案    [语篇解读]    本文是一篇应用文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为戏剧。文章介绍了几个演出,侧重学生艺术素养的培养。1.A　细节理解题。本题题干意为:Rajiv Joseph的戏剧可能是关于什么的?根据文章第一部分的“in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio(在戏剧中,一位折纸艺术家邀请一位十几岁的天才和他的老师来到她的工作室)”可知,它与一种艺术有关。B:一个青少年的工作室;C:一位伟大的老师;D:一群动物。2.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:The Audience的导演是谁?根据文章The Audience部分的Stephen Daldry directs可知,The Audience的导演是Stephen Daldry, 故D项正确。3.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:如果你对美国历史感兴趣,你将会去看哪出戏剧?根据文章Hamilton部分的“in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story”可知,该戏剧是和美国的诞生有关的,所以,如果你对美国历史感兴趣,就应该去看这出戏剧。
高考热词    1.preview n. 预演　2.star v. 主演
高级语块　musical comedy音乐喜剧
长难句　Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.Lin-Manuel Miranda写了这一部关于Alexander Hamilton的音乐剧。在这部音乐剧中,美国的诞生以一个移民故事的形式被呈现。本句是一个包含定语从句的主从复合句,其中主句是Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton,而in which引导的定语从句修饰先行词musical。
Group 2Passage 1(2019天津,A)词数:342History Fair CompetitionUnderstanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting, engaging, and fun!This Year's ThemeAll participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the appli-cation of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories: ·Performance
·Documentary(纪实作品) ·Essay WritingCategory RequirementsPerformance:A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used, they should truly represent a given period.Documentary:A visual presentation(such as a video, slide show, or computer project)no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer, screen, projector, and loudspeakers will be available. Stu-dents must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.Essay Writing:An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,500 words. No illustrations(图解) are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.Important DatesJanuary 5　　Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.February 5　　Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script(剧本), or documentary high-lights.
February 19　　A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.March 9　　Submit a final draft of your essay.March 15　　Performance and documentary committee previewMarch 24　　Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition7:00 A.M.—9:00 A.M.　Participants signing in at the gym10:00 A.M.—6:00 P.M.　Competition and judges' review7:00 P.M.　Awards ceremony and picnic1.According to Paragraph 1, what is the major goal of understanding history?A.To preserve national traditions.B.To prepare for a history competition.C.To better know the present and future.D.To further explore historical mysteries.
2.What is the theme of this year's competition?A.Technology advances science.B.Science interacts with technology.C.Science has made the study of history easy.D.Technology has improved the life of Americans.3.Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are 　　    .A.special clothes and a screenB.a desktop computer and a CDC.a projector and special clothesD.a desktop computer and loudspeakers
4.What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category require-ment?A.Include more information in the essay.B.Remove the references.C.Provide a cover for the essay.D.Explain the details with illustrations.5.What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?A.Preview performances and documentaries.B.Make comments on the materials.C.Improve the participant's first draft.D.Collect a second proposal from the participant.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为个人、家庭、社区及学校生活。本文主要介绍了今年在Thornton Middle School 举行的History Fair Competition的相关信息。本文有助于培养学生的文化意识。1.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:根据第一段内容,理解历史的主要目的是什么?根据文章第一段第三句“It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become.”可知,答案为C项:为了更好地了解现在和未来。A项:为了保护民族传统;B项:为一场历史竞赛做准备;D项:为了进一步探索历史奥秘。2.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:今年竞赛的主题是什么?根据“This Year's Theme”中的“All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history.”可知,答案为D项:科技已经改善了美国人的生活。A项:技术推动科学;B项:科学与技术相互影响;C项:科学使历史研究变得简单。3.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:学校提供的物品中,用于视觉展示的是　　    。根据“Category Requirements”中“Documentary”部分中的“A desktop computer, screen, projec-
tor, and loudspeakers will be available.”可知,答案为D项:一台台式电脑和扬声器。A项:特殊服装和屏幕;B项:一台台式电脑和一张光盘;C项:一台投影仪和特殊服装。4.A　细节理解题。本题题干意为:一个参与者为了满足分类要求需要如何处理一篇1,500词的文章?根据“Category Requirements”中“Essay Writing”部分中的“An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,500 words.”可知,答案为A项:在文章中加入更多的信息。B项:除去参考书目;C项:提供文章封面;D项:用插图解释细节。5.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:教师委员会在2月19日会做什么?根据“Important Dates”中“February 19”中的“A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions.”可知,答案为B项:对材料做出评论。A项:为表演和纪实作品写预评;C项:改进参与者的初稿;D项:从参与者那里再收集一个建议。
高考热词    1.essential adj.极其重要的,必不可少的2.participant n.参加者;参与者　3.technology n.技术
长难句　All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has pro-moted the quality of life for Americans throughout history.所有的参与者都必须陈述通信或运输技术在整个历史上是如何提高美国人的生活质量的。本句为主从复合句。句子主语为All participants,谓语动词为must address,how引导宾语从句。
Passage 2(2019浙江,A)词数:359Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals' rightful own-ers, and returns them.His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Pur-ple Heart with the name Corrado A.G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado's sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions:“Who are you?What antique shop?”How-ever, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y.“At that point, I knew she meant
business,”Zac says.“To drive eight hours to come to see me.”The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn't realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac's mother had found was a family treasure.“This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions(场合)would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands,”Adeline says.As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew old-er,”Adeline says,“and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left.”Corrado Piccoli's Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Associa-tion in Watertown.Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado's medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.
1.Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself?A.In the army.B.In an antique shop.C.From his mother.D.From Adeline Rockko.2.What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him?A.She was very impolite.B.She was serious about the medal.C.She suspected his honesty.D.She came from a wealthy family.3.What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?A.Her parents' advice.B.Her knowledge of antiques.C.Her childhood dream.D.Her memory of her brother.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容是社会交往。文章讲述了一位获得过紫心勋章的老战士收集丢失的紫心勋章并物归原主的故事。文章侧重于对学生文化意识的培养。1.A　细节理解题。本题题干意为:Zac是在哪里获得自己的紫心勋章的?根据文章第二段的he earned one himself in a war as a soldier(他作为一名战士在一次战争中为自己赢得了一枚紫心勋章)可知,A项(在军队中)正确。B:在一家古董店;C:从他妈妈那里;D:从Adeline Rockko那里。2.B　推理判断题。本题题干意为:当Adeline开车来见他的时候,Zac明白了什么?根据第三段的描述,尤其是At that point, I knew she meant business(在那时,我知道她是认真的)可知,Zac明白了Adeline非常重视那枚勋章,故答案为B项。A:她非常不礼貌;C:她怀疑他的诚实;D:她来自一个富有的家庭。
高考热词    1.antique store古董店　2.immigrant n.移民　3.precious adj.珍贵的
高级语块　1.track down追查到　2.hang up挂断(电话)
3.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:Adeline 珍惜紫心勋章的原因是什么?根据文章倒数第二段的“But as I grew older,” Adeline says,“and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left.”可知,Adeline珍惜这枚勋章的原因是她对哥哥的怀念,故D项正确。A:她父母的建议;B:她的古董知识;C:她儿时的梦想。
Passage 3(2019江苏,A)词数:178
1.If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?A.Poole's Cavern.　　B.Pavilion Gardens.C.Buxton Museum.　　D.Green Man Gallery.2.Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers 　　    .A.rides in small trainsB.courses in modern artsC.artistic and cultural activitiesD.basic courses in horse riding
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文,主题语境是人与社会,旨在提高学生的文化意识。文章图文并茂地介绍了英国的巴克斯顿,到此地游览会让你有难忘的记忆。1.A　细节理解题。本题题干意为:如果你想进行地下旅游,哪个地方是最好的选择?根据High energy标题下的journey beneath the earth at Poole's Cavern可知,A项正确。
2.C    细节理解题。本题题干意为:Buxton Opera House &Pavilion Arts Centre之所以特殊是因为它提供　　    。根据High minded 标题下第一句话...you'll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre...可知,C项(艺术和文化活动)正确。A:坐小火车;B:现代艺术课程;D:骑马基础课程。
高考热词    1.justifiably adv.言之有理地, 无可非议地　2.taste n.口味,爱好
长难句　Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you'll find much to suit all tastes with art,music,opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House &Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery.巴克斯顿对它的文化生活感到自豪无可非议。你将在Buxton Opera House &Pavilion Arts Centre和Green Man Gallery发现很多适合各种口味的艺术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术。此句是并列复合句,由第一个and连接两个分句。第一个分句是Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life,第二个分句是you'll find much to suit all tastes with art,music,opera and the per-forming arts at Buxton Opera House &Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery。
Passage 4 (2018课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:260Washington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration:3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the fa-mous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blos-soms—disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Ex-plore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration:3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour in-cludes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
1.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.2.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.　　B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.　　D.Enjoy interesting stories.3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.　　B.Cameras.C.Meals.　　D.Safety lights.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文的题材为旅游类。文章为那些自行车爱好者介绍了四个骑自行车探索美国首都华盛顿的项目。1.A　细节理解题。根据第一个项目中的Reserve your spot before availability可知,第一个游玩项目需要预订,所以答案为A项。其他三个项目都没有提及需要预订。2.D　细节理解题。根据第三个游玩项目中的第二句话(知识渊博的导游会给你讲关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事,让你开心。)可知,在这个游玩项目中你会享受到有趣的故事,所以答案为D项。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句话(所有的骑手都配备了反光背心和安全灯。)可知答案为D项。
高考热词    1.fantastic adj. 极好的　2.monument n.纪念碑　3.reserve v.预定　4.spot n.地点;场所　5.avail-ability n.可得到的东西 6.memorial n.纪念碑
Group 3Passage 1 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,A)词数:284Summer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child's choices.
1.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A.OUT.　　B.WBP.C.CRF.　　D.POT.2.What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?A.Travel to London.B.See a parade and fireworks.C.Tour central Paris.D.Visit the WWⅠ battlefields.3.How long does Potty about Potter last?A.Two days.　　B.Four days.C.Five days.　　D.One week.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四项供学生选择的暑期活动。1.A　细节理解题。题干句意:如果你想去野营,你将选择哪项活动?根据camping一词直接定位表格中第一项活动OUT。根据OUT中第二句(在达特穆尔你可以参加从划独木舟到野营的很多活动。)可知A项正确。2.D　细节理解题。题干句意:在周二,学生们将和Wilson女士在一起做什么?根据Mrs. Wilson直接定位表格中第二项活动WBP。根据WBP中第一、二句(星期一,我们去伦敦旅行。在伦敦待一晚上后,第二天我们去法国北部参观一战战场。)可知D项正确。3.A　细节理解题。题干句意:Potty about Potter持续多长时间?由Potty about Potter直接定位表格中第四项活动POT。根据POT中第一句中关键信息stay overnight可知该项活动持续两天的时间,故选择A项。
高考热词    1.select v.选择　2.finalise v.把(计划、旅行、项目等)最后定下来　3.sign v.签字　4.confirm v.确认　5.overnight adv. 在夜间,在晚上　6.battlefield n.战场　7.decoration n.装饰品
Passage 2 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,A)词数:192Welcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car:Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times:Windermere—20 minutes, Kendal—25 minutes, Lancaster—45 minutes, Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSunday—Friday(closed on Saturday)11:00 am—4:00 pm, 30th March—2nd November.Admission Charges　　　　　　Hall & Gardens　　　　　　GardensAdults:　　￡12.00　　￡8.00Groups:　　￡9.00　　￡5.50
Special EventsProducers' Market　13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival　30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day　28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market　8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.1.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes.　　B.25 minutes.C.45 minutes.　　D.90 minutes.2.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?A.￡12.00.　　B.￡9.00.　　C.￡8.00.　　D.￡5.50.3.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A.Producers' Market.B.Holker Garden Festival.C.National Garden Day.D.Winter Market.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文,介绍了到达Holker的方式、参观时间、参观费用和特殊活动。1.D　细节理解题。根据题干中的from Manchester直接定位到文章How to Get to Holker部分中的Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes,故选D项。2.B　细节理解题。根据题干中的a tour group和Hall & Gardens直接定位到文章Admission Charges部分中的Groups:￡9.00,故选B项。3.D　细节理解题。根据题干中的see a live music show直接定位到文章Winter Market部分中的enjoying a live music show,故选D项。
高考热词    1.sign n.指示牌　2.approximate adj.大致的,大约的　3.major adj. 主要的　4.recipe n.食谱　5.anniversary n.周年纪念日　6.donation n.捐赠
高级语块　a variety of各种各样的
Passage 3 (2018天津,A)词数:332Fire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers(灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems which in-clude fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄)these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift.·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situ-ation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extin-guisher will result in fines.Smoke DetectorsA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blink-
ing(闪动),contact residence hall staff immediately.·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.1.What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?A.To provide part-time jobs for students.B.To lead the students to the nearest exits.C.To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.D.To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.2.What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?A.Pipes and smoke detectors.B.Smoke detectors and sprinklers.C.Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.D.Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.
3.In a fire drill, the students should　　    .A.rush quickly to a liftB.gather at the nearest exitC.shut the door and leave at onceD.wait for instructions in the hall4.What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?A.Using them wrongly results in punishment.B.Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C.Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D.Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.5.To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should　　    .A.contact the hall staff regularlyB.cover the things that burn easilyC.start the smoke detector in a fireD.make certain the red light is working
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。题材为消防安全类。本文就学生宿舍楼如何预防火灾从五个方面做了详尽的说明。1.C　细节理解题。题干句意:预防火灾的专业人员的主要职责是什么?根据第一部分中的第二句话(他们巡查所有的校园建筑,检验并维护所有的喷水灭火装置、火警报警器和灭火器)可知,C项(检查并维护火灾预防设备)描述的就是他们的主要职责。A项:为学生提供兼职工作。B项:带领学生到最近的通道。D项:把老师培训成预防火灾的专业人员。这三项在文章中均没有提及。2.B　细节理解题。题干句意:自动火警报警系统包括什么?根据第二部分中的第二句话(大多数校园大楼内还配备了自动火警报警系统,包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷水灭火装置)可知答案为B项。A项中的 “pipes”不包含在内。C项中的两个都没有包括在内。D项中的“fire alarm pull stations”不包含在内。3.C　细节理解题。题干句意:在火灾演练中,学生们应该　　    。根据第三部分中的前两个黑点提示部分(带上钥匙和你的身份证,关上并锁上你的房间门。从离你最近的紧急出口马上离开,不要用电梯),可知,这时候学生们应该关上门马上离开,这与C项描述一致。A项:迅速跑
向电梯。这与“不要用电梯”恰好相反。B项:在最近的通道集合。让你从这里马上离开,而不是在这里集合。D项:在宿舍楼里等候指令。由第三部分中的第三个黑点后的内容可知,是让你离开宿舍楼在外面等候指令。4.A　细节理解题。题干句意:我们对于使用灭火器了解些什么?根据第四部分最后一句话(错误地使用灭火器会导致罚款)可知A项正确。B项:不负责任地使用灭火器会毁坏它们。本部分第三句话指出不负责任地使用灭火器会对在楼内居住的其他人带来危险,故排除B项。C项:不正确地使用灭火器会毁掉整栋公寓。这个危害文章没有提及。D项:没有指导人员在现场是禁止使用灭火器的。这一点文章也没有提及。5.D　推理判断题。题干句意:为了保证烟雾探测器安全运转,我们应该　　    。根据第五部分中第一个黑点后的提示(如果你的烟雾探测器正常工作的话,上面的红灯应该是亮着的。如果红灯不闪烁了,立即联系宿舍管理员)可推断出,为了让烟雾探测器正常运转,一定要确保上面的红灯是工作的。这与D项的描述相符。A项中的regularly与原文的immediately不符。其他两项均未提及。
高考热词    1.staff n.全体职员　2.inspect v.检查　3.exit n.出口 4.conduct v.实施;组织　5.drill n.(应对紧急情况的)演习
Passage 4 (2018浙江,C)词数:292As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Pi-quette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with“a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.”Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To explain Americans' love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D.To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.2.What has the use of cars in America led to?A.Decline of economy.B.Environmental problems.C.A shortage of oil supply.D.A farm-based society.3.What is Friedman's attitude towards America's future?A.Ambiguous.　　B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.　　D.Tolerant.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国汽车的发展及其对美国社会和文化发展的影响。1.B　细节理解题。从文章第二段的The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of Ameri-can culture...可知,此处提到“hamburger”的目的是证明美国的汽车对美国文化的影响。因此B项正确。2.B　细节理解题。从第四段的The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知,汽车的使用导致了美国的环境问题。故选B项。3.C　推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可知,Friedman指出绿色经济是保持美国强大的机会。因此他对美国的未来是“充满希望的”。故选C项。
长难句　For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. 在上个世纪的绝大部分时间,汽车代表了美国的实质——高速向前去发现新的世界。本句是一个主从复合句。what it meant...是一个宾语从句。
高考热词    1.eventually adv. 最终　2.abundant adj. 大量的,丰富的3.interstate adj.州际的　4.consumption n.消费
Group 4Passage 1 (2017课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:225Pacific Science Center Guide◆Visit Pacific Science Center's StoreDon't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.◆Hungry?Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body?Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.◆Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at
the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.◆Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情)for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 mil-lion people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacific-sciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.1.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?A.In Building 1.　　B.In Building 3.C.At the Laser Dome.　　D.At the Denny Way entrance.
2.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?A.Train science teachers.B.Distribute science books.C.Inspire scientific research.D.Take science to the classroom.3.What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A.To encourage donations.B.To advertise coming events.C.To introduce special exhibits.D.To tell about the Center's history.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文。文中介绍了太平洋科学中心的几个功能区,包括纪念品商店、咖啡厅和租用储物柜及轮椅的场所,并介绍了该中心的贡献,鼓励人们为其捐款。1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The store is located upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知,在3号楼可以买到纪念品,故答案为B项。C项为干扰项,考生如果没有注意到“right next to...”会误选C项。2.D　细节理解题。文章最后一段提及太平洋科学中心在多个方面的贡献,故本题的答案在最后一段;根据最后一段中的“Today, Pacific Science Center...and brings inquiry-based science e-ducation to classrooms and ...(当今,太平洋科学中心……并把探索式的科学教育带入课堂)”可知答案为D项。本题C选项的干扰性较大,因为“鼓励科学研究”并非针对学校而言,故不是正确答案。3.A　主旨要义题。最后一段中的“...one we cannot achieve without generous support from...” 强调了社会捐助的重要性,最后一句号召读者通过访问该中心的网站了解捐助形式,由此可知本文最后一部分的写作目的是鼓励人们为太平洋科学中心捐款,故答案为A项。
长难句　It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.这是一个了不起的成就,一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨支持我们就不可能取得的成就。one指代前面的accomplishment,后面是定语从句,修饰先行词one,且从句中使用了cannot 和without的双重否定结构。
Passage 2 (2017课标全国Ⅱ,A)词数:287In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare's plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.National Theatre of China　Beijing|ChineseThis great occasion(盛会)will be the National Theatre of China's first visit to the UK. The compa-ny'sproductions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shake-speare's Richard Ⅲ will be directed by the National's Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.Date & Time:Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm & 6.30pmMarjanishvili Theatre　Tbilisi|GeorgianOne of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导)by the company's Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date & Time:Friday 18 May, 2.30pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30pmDeafinitely Theatre　London|British Sign Language(BSL)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love's Labour's Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare's comedy and aims to build
a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30pmHabima National Theatre　Tel Aviv|HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date & Time:Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm1.Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?A.Richard Ⅲ.　　B.Love's Labour's Lost. C.As You Like It.　　D.The Merchant of Venice.2.What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?A.It has two groups of actors. B.It is the leading theatre in London.C.It performs plays in BSL. D.It is good at producing comedies.3.When can you see a play in Hebrew?A.On Saturday 28 April.　　B.On Sunday 29 April.C.On Tuesday 22 May.　　D.On Tuesday 29 May.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章信息涉及英国即将举办的莎士比亚戏剧展演活动的剧目安排、剧团简介、演出使用的语言和演出时间等。1.A　细节理解题。根据题干内容可定位以 National Theatre of China为标题的一节内容,由 “This production of Shakespeare's Richard Ⅲ will be directed by...”可知,中国国家剧院将会演出莎士比亚的Richard Ⅲ,所以从标题和本小节内容判断答案为A项。2.C　细节理解题。以Deafinitely Theatre为标题的一节内容在介绍使用的语言时提到British Sign Language(BSL),即“英国手语”,此外还提到演出的目的是“在聋人和听力正常的人之间搭建起桥梁”,该剧院的名字中含有deaf一词,由此可知该剧院能够使用手语进行演出,这是这家剧院和其他剧院的不同之处,也就是它的特别之处,所以答案为C项。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一部分第一句话 “The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-lan-guage theatre worldwide.”可知,这家剧院用希伯来语演出。再结合Date & Time中的Tuesday 29 May可知,观众可以在这一天看到希伯来语的戏剧演出,所以答案为D项。
高考热词    1.globe n.地球,世界　2.architecture n.结构　3.direct v.导演(戏剧或电影)　4.regularly adv. 定期地,定时地　5.physical adj. 身体的;躯体的　6.settle v.安顿下来
Passage 3 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,A)词数:236San Francisco Fire Engine ToursSan Francisco Winery TourRunning:February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to of-fer.(Included in ticket price)Departing from the Cannery:Tour times upon requestDuration(时长):2 hoursPrice:$90Back to the Fifties TourRunning:August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods, the 1950s!
Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery:5:00 pm and 7:30 pmDuration:2 hoursPrice:$90Spooky Halloween TourRunning:October 10th through October 31stJoin us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装)is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.Departing from the Cannery:6:30 pm and 8:30 pmDuration:1 hour and 30 minutesPrice:Available upon requestHoliday Lights TourRunning:December 6th through December 23rdThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery:7:00 pm and 9:00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.1.Which of the tours is available in March?A.San Francisco Winery Tour.B.Back to the Fifties Tour.C.Spooky Halloween Tour.D.Holiday Lights Tour.2.What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?A.Go to Treasure Island.　　B.Enjoy the holiday scenes.C.Have free ice cream.　　D.Visit the Presidio district.3.What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?A.Take some drinks.　　B.Set off early in the morning.C.Wear warm clothes.　　D.Make reservations in advance.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文介绍了旧金山消防车之旅,包括旧金山金银岛品酒游,50年代风情游、穿行Presidio区的万圣节主题游和观赏节日彩灯游。短文除提供了上述四项城市观光游览活动的起止日期以外,还提供了每项观光活动的主要内容、出发时间、时长和价格等信息。1.A　细节理解题。根据短文中对这四项活动的运行时间的介绍可知,第一项活动的时间是 February 1st through April 30th,即从2月1日到4月30日,所以答案为A项。2.C　细节理解题。根据第二项活动中的 “as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream”可知,参加这项游玩活动你可以品尝到免费的冰激凌,所以答案为C项。3.D　细节理解题。根据最后一项活动中的最后一句话 “Advance reservations required.”可知,参加这项游玩活动需要提前预订,所以答案为D项。
高考热词    1.request n.要求　2.entertainer n.表演者　3.thrilling adj. 惊险的　4.reservation n.预定;预约
高级语块　transport sb. back to 把某人带回到(某一地点或时间)
Passage 4 (2017天津,D)词数:371I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?To understand the issue, let's take a look at three types of “waits”.The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池)as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Proper-ly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific.“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five min-utes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced
Waiting requires patience.Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.Turning one's life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists a-mong us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn't come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you're standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you'll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don't be desperate. You're probably just as busy as the next guy.1.While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to　　    .A.keep ourselves busy　　B.get absent-mindedC.grow anxious　　D.stay focused
2.What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?A.The Forced Wait requires some self-control.B.The Forced Wait makes people passive.C.The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.D.The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.3.What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?A.It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait. B.It doesn't always bring the desired result.C.It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait. D.It doesn't give people faith and hope.4.What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?A.Take it seriously.　　B.Don't rely on others. C.Do something else.　　D.Don't lose heart.5.The author supports his view by　　    .A.exploring various causes of “waits”B.describing detailed processes of “waits”C.analyzing different categories of “waits”D.revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,题材为社会生活类。本文介绍了日常生活中出现的三种等待,并且对每种等待做了详细的分析。1.B　细节理解题。第二段对Watched-Pot Wait进行了具体的描述。由第二段倒数第二句中的“...the brain slips away from the body and wanders about...”可知,人们在这样的等待中容易走神,故选B。2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“This one requires a bit of discipline.”可知,A项中的“requires some self-control”与之相符,故选A。3.B　细节理解题。 第四段对Lucky-Break Wait做了详细的描述,本段最后一句中的“waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen”表明,这种等待不一定会带来预期的结果,故选B。4.D　细节理解题。 根据题干中的the next time可知,本题细节出现在最后一段。根据最后一段第二句“The next time...don't be desperate.”可知,作者建议我们在等待时不要绝望,故选D。5.C　推理判断题。本文分析了日常生活中的三种等待。故选C项。
高考热词    1.issue n.(有关某事的)问题　2.annoying adj. 讨厌的,令人气恼的　3.edge n.边缘　4.specific adj. 具体的;明确的 5.procedure n.程序;步骤　6.voluntary adj. 自愿的;主动的
Group 5Passage 1 (2016课标Ⅰ,B) 词数:292Grandparents Answer a CallAs a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer rela-tionship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama's mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast e-nough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a maga-zine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you're raising children.”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.1.Why was Garza's move a success?A.It strengthened her family ties.B.It improved her living conditions.C.It enabled her to make more friends.D.It helped her know more new places.
2.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson's decision?A.17% expressed their support for it.B.Few people responded sympathetically.C.83% believed it had a bad influence.D.The majority thought it was a trend.3.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A.They were unsure of themselves.B.They were eager to raise more children.C.They wanted to live away from their parents.D.They had little respect for their grandparents.4.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?A.Make decisions in the best interests of their own.B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them.C.Sacrifice for their struggling children.D.Get to know themselves better.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了老人搬家和子孙辈一起居住的一种新趋势,并且作者在叙述的同时表达了自己的观点。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的giving them a closer relationship可知选择A项。B、C、D三项均为文中未提及的内容。2.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第四句可知,83%的人们说Robinson夫人的决定将会影响美国家庭的祖父母们,由此可判断这些人认为这是一个趋势,故选D项,注意C项错在bad,文中未提及是坏的影响。3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句可知,在20世纪60年代,我们有点野,总想离家更远更快来证明自己可以独立,由此可判断选择C项。A项,根据他们想离家来证明自己可判断是非常自信的,因此可排除。B项和原文不符。D项,文中未提到对祖父母不尊敬的内容。4.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句Almost every...it is wiser to say no...和最后一句...especially knowing your adult child is struggling...可判断选A项。
高考热词    1.generation n.一代(人)　2.statistic n.(一项)统计数据3.evidence n.证据　4.sacrifice n.牺牲
长难句　Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices,but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.几乎每个祖父(母)都想和他的或她的(外)孙子(女)们住在一起并愿意做出牺牲,可是有时拒绝而代之以经常拜访会更明智。本句中Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices中的并列连词and表示顺承关系;but连接并列分句,表示转折关系。it为形式主语,代替不定式短语to say no and visit frequently instead。
Passage 2 (2016课标Ⅱ,A) 词数:259What's On?Electric Underground7.30pm—1.00am　Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who's playing in your area?We're bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?If so,come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer.He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.Gee Whizz8.30pm—10.30pm　Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform.He's the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene.This joyful show will please everyone,from the youngest to the oldest.Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simon's Workshop5.00pm—7.30pm　Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at ev-ery kind of comedy,and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedi-an and actor who has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm—11.00pm　Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music;this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD,with James Pickering on the piano.The menu is Italian,with excellent meat and fresh fish,pizzas and pasta(面食).Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day,and serves cocktails,coffee,beer,and white wine.1.Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A.Jules Skye.　　B.Gee Whizz.C.Charlotte Stone.　　D.James Pickering.
2.At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A.The Cyclops Theatre.　　B.Kaleidoscope.C.Victoria Stage.　　D.Pizza World.3.What do we know about Simon's Workshop?A.It requires membership status.B.It lasts three hours each time.C.It is run by a comedy club.D.It is held every Wednesday.4.When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A.5.00pm—7.30pm.　　B.7.30pm—1.00am.C.8.00pm—11.00pm.　　D.8.30pm—10.30pm.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个地方的演出的具体时间以及内容等。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章Electric Underground部分的最后一句He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.可知选A项。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章Gee Whizz部分的第四句可知,Gee Whizz真的知道怎么让你发笑,再联系from the youngest to the oldest可判断为不同年龄的人,因此选B项。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章Simon's Workshop部分的Wednesdays at Victoria Stage可判断Simon's Workshop的演出为每周三。4.C　细节理解题。根据文章Charlotte Stone部分的8.00 pm—11.00 pm以及Charlotte Stone will perform songs可判断8.00 pm—11.00 pm是她的演出时间,故选C项。
高考热词    1.perform v.演出;表演　2.scene n.(电影、书等中的)场景,场面　3.confidence n.自信,信心
长难句　Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy.西蒙是一个拥有10年喜剧教学经验的喜剧演员兼演员。本句中who has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy为定语从句,其先行词为a comedian and actor。
Passage 3 (2016课标Ⅲ,A) 词数:178MusicOpera at Music Hall:1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional per-formances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone:241-2742. http://www.cityopera.com.Chamber Orchestra:The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information. http://www.chamberorch.com.Symphony Orchestra:At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.
org/home.asp.College Conservatory of Music(CCM):Performances are on the main campus(校园)of the universi-ty, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musi-cians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.Riverbend Music Theater:6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover(price difference). Big name shows all summer long!Phone:232-6220. http://www.riverbend-music.com.1.Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?A.241-2742.　　B.723-1182.C.381-3300.　　D.232-6220.
2.When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?A.February.　　B.May.C.August.　　D.November.3.Where can students go for free performances with their I.D. cards?A.Music Hall.B.Memorial Hall.C.Patricia Cobbett Theater.D.Riverbend Music Theater.4.How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?A.It has seats in the open air.B.It gives shows all year round.C.It offers membership discounts.D.It presents famous musical works.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,属于广告类。文章介绍了几个不同的音乐表演活动的特点和时间。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Opera和电话号码可知答案为A。2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的which offers several concerts from March through June可知五月符合题意。3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的前两句和Students with I.D.cards can attend the events for free.可知选C。4.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover可知这个剧场有户外的座位。
高考热词    1.run v.持续;延续　2.concert n.音乐会　3.event n.活动(指演出、体育比赛、聚会等)　4.pre-sent v.(以某种方式)展现,显示,表现
长难句　The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September.表演季从六月到八月,在三月和九月还有加演。本句主干为:The season runs June through August。介词短语with additional performances in March and September作状语。
Passage 4 (2016天津,A) 词数:294A Language Programme for TeenagersWelcome to Teenagers Abroad!We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learn-ing.Our CoursesRegardless of your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effec-tively.Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas—speaking, listening, reading and writing.Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaran-teeing the fastest possible language learning(see table below).
EvaluationStudents are placed into classes according to their current language skills.The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, stu-dents sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.Arrivals and TransferOur programme offers the full package—students are taken good care of from the start through to
the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the student's full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance.Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary RequirementsStudents are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.1.How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?A.It is less effective.B.It focuses on speaking.C.It includes extra lessons.D.It gives you confidence.
2.When can a student attend Standard Course?A.13:00—14:30 Monday.　　B.9:00—12:30 Tuesday.C.13:00—14:30 Friday.　　D.9:00—12:30 Saturday.3.Before starting their programme, students are expected to　　    .A.take a language test B.have an online interviewC.prepare learning materials D.report their language levels4.With the full package, the programme organiser is supposed to　　    .A.inform students of their full flight detailsB.look after students throughout the programmeC.offer students free sightseeing tripsD.collect students' luggage in advance5.Which of the following may require an extra payment?A.Cooked dinner.　　B.Mealtime dessert.C.Packed lunch.　　D.Special diet.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,题材为广告类。文章介绍了一家名为“Teenagers Abroad”的语言培训机构为青少年开办的短期培训课程的相关情况。1.C　细节理解题。由Our Courses部分中的“Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week”可知,Intensive Course是在Standard Course的基础上,每周额外增加10节课。故答案为C。2.B　细节理解题。由表格中的Standard Course一行的信息可知,B项正确。3.A　细节理解题。由Evaluation部分中的“The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme.”可知,大多数参训的学生在开始培训前要进行一次在线语言测试,故选A。4.B　推理判断题。由Arrivals and Transfer部分的首句可推知,课程的组织者应该自始至终照看好学员,故选B。5.D　推理判断题。由最后一句“...an extra charge may be made for providing special food.”可推知,对于所提供的特殊饮食,需要加收额外的费用。故选D。
高考热词    1.guarantee v.确保　2.significant adj.显著的　3.intensive adj.(在短时间内)强化的,加强的　4.detail n.细节　5.allergy n.过敏反应　6.dietary adj. 与饮食有关的
长难句　We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as informa-tion about any medicines you take.我们要求你让我们知道你对食物的要求或任何过敏反应以及你所服用的任何药物的信息。that引导宾语从句。宾语从句中使用了“let sb. do”结构和并列连词or以及as well as。
C组  教师专用题组Passage 1(2013安徽,C)When 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the Make-A-Wish Foundation(基金会),nobody understood what she was talking about.But Sophia knew just how important Make-A-Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends.We were interested in finding out more,so we went along to meet Sophia and listen to what she had to say.Sophia told us that Make-A-Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.“It's a charity(慈善机构)that helps children who have got very serious illnesses.Make-A-Wish helps children feel happy even though they are sick,by making their wishes and dreams come true,”Sophia explained.We asked Sophia how Make-A-Wish had first started.She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris,who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman.Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris's dream come true—so,with everybody's
help,Chris,only seven years old at the time,had been a“policeman”for a day.“When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true,they decided to try and help other sick children too,and that was the beginning of Make-A-Wish,”explained Sophia.Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special,happy time.A Make-A-Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world.Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.They do this either by providing things that are necessary,or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.1.Sophia found out about Make-A-Wish because her best friend had　　    .A.benefited from it　　B.volunteered to help itC.dreamed about it　　D.told the author about it2.According to Sophia,Make-A-Wish　　    .A.is an international charityB.was understood by nobody at first
C.raises money for very poor familiesD.started by drawing the interest of the public3.What is said about Chris in Paragraph 3?A.He has been a policeman since he was seven.B.He gave people the idea of starting Make-A-Wish.C.He wanted people to help make his dream come true.D.He was the first child Make-A-Wish helped after it had been set up.4.Which of the following is true about Make-A-Wish volunteers?A.They are important for making wishes come true.B.They try to help children get over their illnesses.C.They visit sick children to make them feel special.D.They provide what is necessary to make Make-A-Wish popular.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。题材为人物故事类。讲述了一个19岁的女孩Sophia Giorgi在别人不理解的情况下去Make-A-Wish作志愿者。我们通过和她交谈了解到该基金会的成立和帮助人们实现梦想的行为。1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“...because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends.”(……因为这个特殊的组织曾经帮她一个好朋友实现了她的梦想。)可知,因为她的朋友曾受益于这个组织,她对这个组织有所了解。2.A　细节理解题。第二段第一句话中worldwide(世界范围的)=international(国际的)。故选A项。3.B　细节理解题。第三段第一句话是本段的中心句,告诉我们这个基金会是怎么成立的。紧接着就是讲到了Chris的事例,所以是Chris给了人们成立这个基金会的想法。4.A　细节理解题。最后一段最后两句话告诉我们:这个基金会的志愿者非常重要,因为他们是帮助人们实现梦想的人。他们通过提供必需的物品,筹款或者以他们能够做到的任何方式去帮助人们。A项与此相符。
Passage 2 (2013陕西,B)In 1978,I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney,Australia.I was looking forward to having five days off from duty.Unfortunately,the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left.So I thought I'd hitch a ride(搭便车).I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me.Finally,a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon.He said that although he couldn't give me a lift,I should come back to his house for lunch.He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry.I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured(使……放心)me I was safe,and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards.When we arrived at his house,he made us sandwiches.After lunch,he helped me find a lift home.Twenty-five years later,in 2003,while I was driving to a nearby town one day,I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat,trying to hitch a ride.I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I'd been given decades earlier.I pulled over and picked him up.I made him comfort-able on the back seat and offered him some water.
After a few moments of small talk,the man said to me,“You haven't changed a bit,even your red hair is still the same.”I couldn't remember where I'd met him.He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago.It was Gordon.1.The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because　　    .A.her work delayed her trip to SydneyB.she was going home for her holidaysC.the town was far away from SydneyD.she missed the only train back home2.Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2?A.He helped the girl find a ride.B.He gave the girl a ride back home.C.He bought sandwiches for the girl.D.He watched the girl for three hours.
3.The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that　　    .A.she realized he was GordonB.she had known him for decadesC.she was going to the nearby townD.she wanted to repay the favour she once got4.What does the author want to tell the readers through the story?A.Giving sometimes produces nice results.B.Those who give rides will be repaid.C.Good manners bring about happiness.D.People should offer free rides to others.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,属于人物故事类。作者讲述的是有一次她错过了回家的火车,一个名叫Gordon的人帮助了她,她后来做了许多同样的善事来回报社会的故事。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句话可知答案为D。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句话可知答案为A。3.D    细节理解题。答案在第三段,根据I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I'd been given decades earlier.可知她认为这是她再次回报多年前被施与的恩惠的机会。4.A　推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知,Gordon帮助了她,她做了许多同样的善事来回报社会,在一次做好事的时候又偶遇Gordon,由此可知给予会得到好的结果,故选A。
长难句　I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I'd been given decades earlier.我认为这是我再一次回报多年前被某人给予恩惠的机会。I thought后面是省略了that的宾语从句;chance后的不定式to repay someone...作后置定语。I'd been given decades earlier是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。
Passage 3(2013山东,B)George Gershwin, born in 1898, was one of America's greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hun-dred songs.Many of Gershwin's songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked,be considered serious music?In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman de-cided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music.Gershwin agreed to com-pose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it .And in that
short time,he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue.Gersh-win himself played the piano at the concert.The audience were thrilled when they heard his music.It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.In 1928,Gershwin went to Paris.He applied to study composition(作曲) with the well-known musi-cian Nadia Boulanger,but she rejected him.She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style.While there,Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed,critics(评论家) were divided over the music.Some called it happy and full of life,to others it was silly and boring.But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States.It still remains one of his most famous works.George Gershwin died in 1937,just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer.He was only thir-ty-nine years old.Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.
1.Many of Gershwin's musical works were　　    .A.written about New YorkersB.composed for Paul WhitemanC.played mainly in the countrysideD.performed in various ways2.What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman?A.It attracted more people to theatres.B.It proved jazz could be serious music.C.It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra.D.It caused a debate among jazz musicians.3.What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?A.He created one of his best works.B.He studied with Nadia Boulanger.C.He argued with French critics.
D.He changed his music style.4.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A.Many of Gershwin's works were lost.B.The death of Gershwin was widely reported.C.A concert was held in memory of Gershwin.D.Brain cancer research started after Gershwin's death.5.Which of the following best describes Gershwin?A.Talented and productive.B.Serious and boring.C.Popular and unhappy.D.Friendly and honest.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材是个人情感与人际关系类。本文介绍了20世纪上半叶美国著名的音乐家Gershwin以及他所创作的音乐。1.D    细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知:这些年来他的音乐被人们以各种可能的方式在演唱和演奏着,故选D项。2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句话可知选B项。3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的描述:在巴黎期间他创作了An American in Paris。该段最后一句话描述:这首音乐仍然是他最著名的作品之一,故选A项。B项与原文意思相反;没有提及在巴黎期间他与那些评论家争论过,排除C项;也没有提及在巴黎期间他改变了自己的音乐风格,排除D项。4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.由此推断出他的去世被广泛报道了,故选B项。5.A　推理判断题。A:有天赋且多产的;B:严肃的且令人讨厌的;C:受人欢迎且不幸福的;D:对人友好且诚实的。他在18岁时就出版了自己的第一首歌,在随后20年里共创作了500多首歌曲,由此我们知道他是一位有音乐天赋且有非常多作品的一个人,故选A项。
Passage 4(2013福建,C) This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks LikeIf you trust in the yen,the euro,and the dollar...stop reading.Because this is a story about the silver coin EVERYBODY wants.You read the headlines.You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster(过山车)ride.But millions have found a smarter way to build long-term value with high-grade collectable silver.And right now,those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U.S.Mint Silver Eagles,America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. Today,you can graduate to the front of that line.Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only $38.95!You Can't Afford to LoseWhy are we releasing(发行)this silver dollar for such a remarkable price?Because we want to in-troduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known
Offer Limited to 40 per household2012 American Silver Eagle CoinYour cost 1—4 Coins　　　$38.95 each+s/h5—9 Coins　　$38.45 each+s/h10—19 Coins　　$37.95 each+s/h20—40 Coins　　$37.45 each+s/hNote:$10 s/h(shipping and handling)for each purchaseFor fastest service,call toll-free 24 hours a day1-888-201-7143 New York Mint14101 Southcross Drive W.,Dept.ASE177-04Burnsville,Minnesota 55337www.NewYorkMint.com
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1.What is stressed in the ad?A.The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.B.The coin can be circulated as a currency.C.Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin.D.Demand for the coin is bound to break records.2.If you buy six 2012 U.S.Mint Silver Eagles by post,you should pay at least　　    .A.$230.7　　B.$233.7　　C.$240.7　　D.$243.73.The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by　　    .A.shopping onlineB.making a phone callC.lining up in front of the storesD.writing to the company
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,题材为新闻广告类。本文为一则推荐购买银币的广告。1.A    细节理解题。根据第一段中long-term value with high-grade collectable silver可知,这种银币有着很高的收藏价值。2.C　细节理解题。根据2012 American Silver Eagle Coin标题下第二行可计算出38.45×6=$230.7;再根据Note标题下第一句可知,加上$10运费,答案选C。3.B　细节理解题。根据Note中第二句For fastest service,call toll-free 24 hours a day可知答案为B项。
Passage 5(2013天津,B) Last night's meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild,Emerald Valley's mayor,people gathered in the suburbs of the city,carrying heavy telescopes,expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated,”admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing,but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.For example,outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds.According to the International Dark-Sky Associa-
tion,“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly,people en-joy the benefits of lighting their evenings,but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans,too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pol-lution.For years,Flagstaff,Arizona,has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist as-tronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide,and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them,so that other creatures can share the night.
1.It happened last night that　　    .A.the city's lights affected the meteor watchingB.the meteors flew past before being noticedC.the city light show attracted many peopleD.the meteor watching ended up a social outing2.What do the astronomers complain about?A.Meteor showers occur less often than before.B.Their observation equipment is in poor repair.C.Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.D.Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.3.What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?A.Birds may take other migration paths.B.Animals' living habits may change suddenly.C.Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.D.Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.
4.Lighting regulations in Flagstaff,Arizona are put into effect to　　    .A.lessen the chance of getting cancerB.create an ideal observation conditionC.ensure citizens a good sleep at nightD.enable all creatures to live in harmony5.What message does the author most want to give us?A.Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.B.Great efforts should be made to save energy.C.Human activities should be environmentally friendly.D.New equipment should be introduced for space study.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。文章介绍了光污染带来的影响。1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,城市的灯光影响了人们对流星雨的观看。故选A项。2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,研究星系的科学家几十年来一直抱怨光污染问题。故选C项。3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,在北美,每年近亿只鸟因为撞击灯火通明的建筑物而死亡。故选D项。4.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知,Flagstaff,Arizona强制执行灯火管制,目的是帮助Lowell Observatory的天文学家,即为他们创造理想的观察条件。故选B项。5.C　推理判断题。文章介绍了人类活动造成的光污染带来的方方面面的负面影响,故C项(人类活动应该是环保的)是作者最想要传递给我们的信息。
Passage 6 (2013湖南,C) It's such a happy-looking library,painted yellow,decorated with palm-tree stickers and sheltered from the Florida sun by its own roof.About the size of a microwave oven,it' pedestrian-friendly,too,waiting for book lovers next to a sidewalk in Palm Beach Country Estates,along the northern boundary of Palm Beach Gardens.It's a library built with love.A year ago,shortly after Janey Henriksen saw a Brian Williams report about the Little Free Library organization,a Wisconsin-based nonprofit that aims to promote literacy and build a sense of com-munity in a neighborhood by making books freely available,she announced to her family of four,“That's what we're going to do for our spring break!”Son Austin,now a 10th-grader,didn't see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox.But Janey insisted,and husband Peter unwillingly got to work.The 51-year-old owner of a ship supply company modified a small wooden house that he'd built years earlier for daughter Abbie's toy horses,and made a door of glass.After adding the library's final touches(装点),the family hung a signboard on the front,instructing users to“take a book,return a book,”and making the Henriksen library,now one of several hun-
dred like it nationwide and among more than 2,500 in the world,the only Little Free Library in Palm Beach County.They stocked it with 20 or so books they'd already read,a mix of science fiction,reference titles,novels and kids' favorites.“I told them,keep in mind that you might not see it again,”said Janey,a stay-at-home mom.Since then,the collection keeps replenishing(补充)itself,thanks to ongoing donations from borrow-ers.The library now gets an average of five visits a day.The project's best payoff,says Peter,are the thank-you notes left behind.“We had no idea in the beginning that it would be so popular.”1.In what way is the library “pedestrian-friendly”?A.It owns a yellow roof.B.It stands near a sidewalk.C.It protects book lovers from the sun.D.It uses palm-tree stickers as decorations.
2.Janey got the idea to build a library from　　    .A.a visit to Brian Williams B.a spring break with her familyC.a book sent by one of her neighbors D.a report on a Wisconsin-based organization3.The library was built　　    .A.by a ship supply company B.on the basis of toy horsesC.like a mailbox D.with glass4.What can we infer about the signboard?A.It was made by a user of the library.B.It marked a final touch to the library.C.It aimed at making the library last long.D.It indicated the library was a family property.5.The passage tells us that the users　　    .A.donate books to the libraryB.get paid to collect books for the libraryC.receive thank-you notes for using the libraryD.visit the library over 5 times on average daily
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为说明类。文章主要介绍了a library built with love(用爱心建立起来的图书馆)。1.B    细节理解题。根据第一段中的it's pedestrian-friendly,too,waiting for book lovers next to a sidewalk...得知the library is pedestrian-friendly是因为它靠近人行道(It stands near a sidewalk)。2.D    细节理解题。Janey建立图书馆的想法来源于a report on a Wisconsin-based organiza-tion。根据第三段可得出答案。3.C　细节理解题。图书馆被建得就像一个邮筒。根据第四段中的第一句话...building a li-brary that resembles a mailbox.But Janey insisted...可知。4.C　推理判断题。signboard的目的是使这个图书馆运行长久。根据第五段...the family hung a signboard on the front,instructing users to “take a book,return a book,”...nationwide...推出这家图书馆现在很有影响,并且一直在运行。5.A　细节理解题。文章告诉我们“图书借用者在为这家图书馆捐书”。根据倒数第二段中的...thanks to ongoing donations from borrowers可知答案。
Passage 7 (2013湖北,A) Some years ago,writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day's events,feelings,and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words,but I gained a certain satisfac-tion from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all,isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old,I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley,well-equipped with pens,a diary,and a camera.During the trip,I was busy recording every incident,name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively,dutifully preserving for future gener-ations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there,I wandered out of my tent,diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon,and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took out my pen...At that point,I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I al-lowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few
days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.Now,I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books,or observations that are particularly meaning-ful.I take pictures,but not very often—only of objects I find really beautiful.I'm no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera,busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.I don't want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.Maybe I won't have as many exact representations of people and places;maybe I'll forget certain facts,but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I don't live to make memories—I just live,and the memories form themselves.1.Before the age of thirteen,the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of　　    .A.observing her school routineB.expressing her satisfactionC.impressing her classmatesD.preserving her history
2.What caused a change in the author's understanding of keeping a diary?A.A dull night on the journey.B.The beauty of the great valley.C.A striking quotation from a book.D.Her concerns for future generations.3.What does the author put in her diary now?A.Notes and beautiful pictures.B.Special thoughts and feelings.C.Detailed accounts of daily activities.D.Descriptions of unforgettable events.4.The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is　　    .A.to experience itB.to live the present in the futureC.to make memoriesD.to give accurate representations of it
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者对写日记循序渐进的认识。过去写日记仅是记录过去的事,现在写日记就是记录自己的思想感情和对生活的感悟。这一切的变化源于去山谷的一次旅行。在那儿,作者被美景深深吸引和触动,彻底改变了对写日记的认识。由此告知我们:要想生活有意义,必须去亲身体验,感悟人生。1.D　细节理解题。由第一段,特别是最后一句After all,isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?可知,在13岁之前,作者把写日记作为记录过去的一种方法。2.B　细节理解题。由文章第二段可知,作者13岁去一座山谷旅游,被当地美丽的景色所吸引,所以作者情不自禁地拿出笔想记录下这里的美丽画面,并由此产生了一些感悟。3.B　细节理解题。由第四段第一句Now,I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.可知,作者现在的日记只记具有特殊意义的思想感情。4.A　推理判断题。由文章最后一段,特别是...maybe I'll forget certain facts,but at least the ex-periences will always remain inside me和最后一句可知,作者逐渐意识到:要想生活过得有意义,你就得亲身体验生活。
Passage 8(2014山东,A)One morning,Ann's neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school.She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog.Ann said that she could watch it only for the day.Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers(传单),and put them in mailboxes.Meanwhile,Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies,warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog.At the time,Ann's son Thomas was 10 years old,and Jack,who was recov-ering from a heart operation,was 21 years old.Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog,whom they had started to call Riley.When she arrived home from work,the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her.As soon as she opened the door,Riley dashed into the boys' room where Ann found Jack suffering a heart attack.Riley ran over to Jack,but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent.“If it hadn't come to get me,the doctor said Jack would have died,”Ann reported to a local newspaper.At this point,no one had called to claim the dog,so Ann decided to keep it.
The next morning Tracy got a call.A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the num-ber on the flier.Tracy started crying,and told him,“That dog saved my friend's son.”Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog,and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window.Af-ter a few moments Peter said,“Maybe Odie was supposed to find you,maybe you should keep it.”1.What did Tracy do after finding the dog?A.She looked for its owner.B.She gave it to Ann as a gift.C.She sold it to the dollar store.D.She bought some food for it.2.How did the dog help save Jack?A.By breaking the door for Ann.B.By leading Ann to Jack's room.C.By dragging Jack out of the room.D.By attending Jack when Ann was out.
3.What was Ann's attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4?A.Sympathetic.　　B.Doubtful.　　C.Tolerant.　　D.Grateful.4.For what purpose did Peter call Tracy?A.To help her friend's son.　　B.To interview Tracy.C.To take back his dog.　　D.To return the flier to her.5.What can we infer about the dog from the last paragraph?A.It would be given to Odie.B.It would be kept by Ann's family.C.It would be returned to Peter.D.It would be taken away by Tracy.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。Ann 的邻居Tracy在当地的小学附近发现了一条狗,没想到这条狗给Ann一家人带来了这么多的东西。那它到底做了些什么呢?1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段开头的Tracy给这条狗拍了照片还印刷了400份招领传单,可知Tracy是在寻找这条狗的主人,所以答案为A项。B、C两项与原文事实不符,D项是Ann在Tracy寻找主人的同时做的事情,与问题不符。2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的相关内容可知答案选B。3.D　推理判断题。第四段中Ann说的话“要不是它过来叫我的话,医生说Jack就死了”。由此我们推断出Ann对这条狗充满了感激之情,故答案为D项。sympathetic同情的,怜悯的;doubt-ful怀疑的;tolerant容忍的,宽恕的;grateful感激的,感谢的。4.C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的描述:第二天早上Tracy接到了一个叫Peter的人打来的电话,他认出了传单上的狗是自己的。最后一段的第一句话Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog...可知Peter打电话是为了取回自己的小狗,所以答案为C项。5.B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话中的maybe you should keep it可以推断出狗的主人Peter没有带走自己的狗而是将狗留给了Ann一家,所以答案为B项。Odie是Peter对自己狗的称呼,排除A项;C项与原文意思相反;没有信息提到Tracy会带走它,排除D项。
Passage 9(2014山东,C)Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.At the age of six months she was acquired,along with her sister,by John Ashley,a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder.She became known as “Mumbet”or “Mum Bett”.For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.One day,Ashley's wife tried to strike Mum-bet's sister with a spade.Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead.Furious,she left the house and refused to come back.When the Ashleys tried to make her return,Mumbet consulted a lawyer,Theodore Sedgewick.With his help,Mumbet sued(起诉)for her freedom.While serving the Ashleys,Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution.If the constitution said that all people were free and equal,then she thought it should apply to her.Eventually,Mumbet won her freedom—the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.
Strangely enough,after the trial,the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee.She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.Mumbet died in 1829,but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔).One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B.Du Bois,one of the founders of the NAACP,and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads,in part:“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write,yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”1.What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?A.She was born a slave.B.She was a slaveholder.C.She had a famous sister.D.She was born into a rich family.
2.Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?A.She found an employer. B.She wanted to be a lawyer.C.She was hit and got angry. D.She had to take care of her sister.3.What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new constitution?A.She should always obey her owners' orders.B.She should be as free and equal as whites.C.How to be a good servant.D.How to apply for a job.4.What did Mumbet do after the trial?A.She chose to work for a lawyer. B.She founded the NAACP.C.She continued to serve the Ashleys. D.She went to live with her grandchildren.5.What is the text mainly about?A.A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.B.The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.C.The life of a brave African American woman.D.A trial that shocked the whole world.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。一个名叫Mumbet的女奴通过自己的努力和律师的帮助,成了马萨诸塞州第一个获得自由的奴隶。她的精神一直在影响着她的子孙后代。1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话和最后一段第二句话可知她一出生就是一个奴隶,所以答案为A项。2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的描述:Mumbet代替自己的妹妹受罚——被奴隶主的妻子用铁锹打,于是她一怒之下离开并拒绝回来。由此可知Mumbet离开Ashley家是因为被打并感到气愤,故答案为C项。3.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的描述:如果宪法上说所有的人都是自由和平等的,那她认为那对她来说也适用。由此推断出Mumbet觉得自己也应该和所有人(所有的白人)一样成为一个自由人。所以答案为B项。4.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Mumbet consulted a lawyer,Theodore Sedgewick和第四段中的She...instead went to work for Sedgewick可知她拒绝了Ashley家的邀请,去为那个律师干活了,所以答案为A项。5.C　主旨要义题。本文从Mumbet出生一直写到她离世,描述了她身为奴隶为获得自由而付出的努力及所做的斗争。所以本文的主题应该是:一位非裔美国女人勇敢奋斗的一生,答案为C项。
Passage 10(2014山东,E)The kids in this village wear dirty,ragged clothes.They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud.They have no school.Yet they all can chant the English alphabet,and some can make words.The key to their success:20 tablet computers(平板电脑)dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S.group called One Laptop Per Child.The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they're already amazed.“What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,”said Matt Keller,who runs the Ethiopia program.The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse.The
device's camera was disabled to save memory,yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its work-ings and made the camera work.He called himself a lion,a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.With his tablet,Kelbesa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows.Then he spelled words on his own.“Seven months ago he didn't know any English.That's unbelievable,”said Keller.The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading”,where they can read to learn.It won't be in Amharic,Ethiopia's first language,but in English,which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.1.How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?A.It trains teachers for them.B.It contributes to their self-study.C.It helps raise their living standards.D.It provides funds for building schools.
2.What can we infer from Keller's words in Paragraph 3?A.They need more time to analyze data.B.More children are needed for the research.C.He is confident about the future of the project.D.The research should be carried out in kindergartens.3.It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could　　    .A.learn English words quicklyB.draw pictures of animalsC.write letters to researchersD.make phone calls to his friends4.What is the aim of the project?A.To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.B.To make Amharic widely used in the world.C.To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.D.To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文,题材为语言学习类。本文记叙了美国在贫困的埃塞俄比亚地区进行了一项研究,结果表明孩子们在没有学校和老师的条件下,利用平板电脑这项新科技可以很快地学英语。1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知这项工程的目的是查明在没有学校和老师的地方,运用现代新技术,孩子们能不能自学。而且下文提到效果很好,所以应选B项(这项工程有助于孩子们自学)。2.C　推理判断题。第三段中这项工程的负责人Keller说:“我认为已经发生的事情是,孩子们学到的东西比他们上一年幼儿园学到的还要多。”所以可以推断出这项工程很成功,而且前景也会很好,故选C项。3.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知:七个月前,Kelbesa对英语一无所知,但是现在却能自己拼写出很多英文单词,这令人难以相信,所以选A项。4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading”,where they can read to learn.可知这项工程是帮助埃塞俄比亚的儿童通过阅读来学习。紧接着下一句话是说:不是帮他们学他们的本族语Amharic,而是英语,所以应选C项。
Passage 11(2014课标Ⅱ,B)Since the first Earth Day in 1970,Americans have gotten a lot “greener”toward the environment.“We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment,let alone that there was a prob-lem with it,”says Bruce Anderson,president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people,political leaders,university professors,and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many,many times,”says Gaylord Nelson,the former governor from Wisconsin,who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports,emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with,the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs;today in 1995
there are about 6,600.Advanced lights,motors,and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Twenty-five years ago,there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today,it's hard to find a public school,university,or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that,nothing else will change!”says Bruce Anderson.1.According to Anderson,before 1970,Americans had little idea about　　    .A.the social movementB.recycling techniquesC.environmental problemsD.the importance of Earth Day2.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A.The grass-roots level.　　B.The business circle.C.Government officials.　　D.University professors.
3.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest.B.They have settled their environmental problems.C.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D.They have reduced pollution through effective measures.4.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?A.Education.　　B.Planning.C.Green living.　　D.CO reduction.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材是节能环保类。作者阐述了自1970年以来,美国在环境保护方面所取得的成就。1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知在1970年以前,美国人对于环境问题知之甚少。let alone意为“更不用说”。2.A    细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中and especially millions of grass-roots Americans可知,对于环保的支持主要来自基层民众。3.D　推理判断题。根据第三、四两段的数据例证可推断出,美国人已经通过有效的措施降低了污染。根据第三段第一句可知A项过于绝对;根据第三段第三句可知B项与文意相悖;根据第三段第二句可知一氧化碳排放超标的城市由40个减少到了9个,故C项错误。4.A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段,特别是education programs for environment(环境教育培训)可知答案选A。
Passage 12(2014课标Ⅱ,D)Metro Pocket GuideMetrorail(地铁)Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9:30 a.m.until closing on weekdays,and all day on weekends and holi-days.Hours of serviceOpen:5 a.m.Mon.—Fri.　　　7 a.m.Sat.—Sun.Close:midnight Sun.—Thurs.　　3 a.m.Fri.—Sat.nightsLast train times vary.To avoid missing the last train,please check the last train times posted in sta-tions.Metrobus
When paying with exact change,the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip® card,the fare is $1.25.Fares for senior/disabled customersSenior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus,use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip® card.For more information about buy-ing senior/disabled farecards,SmarTrip® cards and passes,please visit MetroOpensDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100.Travel tips(提示)·Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9:30 a.m.and between 4 and 6 p.m.·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station,please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.1.What should you know about farecard machines?A.They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.
B.They are connected to change machines.C.They offer special service to the elderly.D.They make change for no more than $5.2.At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?A.At midnight.　　B.At 3 a.m.C.At 5 a.m.　　D.At 7 p.m.3.What is good about a SmarTrip®card?A.It is convenient for old people.B.It saves money for its users.C.It can be bought at any time.D.It is sold on the Internet.4.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?A.202-962-1195　　B.202-962-1100C.202-637-7000　　D.202-637-8000
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,题材是介绍说明类。本文为一则地铁袖珍指南。1.D    细节理解题。根据Metrorail标题下第二段最后一句中farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change可知答案选D。2.B　细节理解题。根据Hours of service标题下Close:...3 a.m.Fri.—Sat.nights可知答案选B。3.B　细节理解题。根据Metrobus标题下内容可知使用SmarTrip®card费用便宜,故答案选B。4.A　细节理解题。根据Travel tips标题下最后一句可知,失物招领电话是202-962-1195。
Passage 13(2014安徽,B)Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big,tough African elephants running away,a new study says.Beehives(蜂窝)—either recorded or real—may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers' crops.In 2002,scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them.Today,Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops.But before she asked farmers to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms,she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder.Then she threw a stone into the beehive,which burst into life.Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down.Next,Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a tree close to each family.From a distance,Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera.Half the elephant groups left the area within ten sec-onds.Out of a total of 17 groups,only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees.Lucy reported
that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them.When Lucy played the sound of a waterfall(瀑布)instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant fami-lies,the animals were undisturbed.Even after four minutes,most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times.She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know,but her initial(最初的)results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers.She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.1.We know from the passage that elephants may be frightened of　　    .A.loud noises　　B.some cropsC.video cameras　　D.angry bees2.As mentioned in the passage,Lucy　　    .A.works by herself in AfricaB.needs to test more elephant groupsC.has stopped elephants eating cropsD.has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms
3.Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?A.To record the sound of bees.B.To make a video of elephants.C.To see if elephants would run away.D.To find out more about the behavior of bees.4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Young elephants ignore African honeybees.B.Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.C.Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.D.Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。讲述了一些科学家通过研究非洲蜜蜂对非洲象的影响,想为当地农民驱赶大象防止其毁坏庄稼提供帮助。1.D　推理判断题。文章开头提到一项新的研究表明愤怒的蜜蜂的录音能够驱赶大象,由此可知大象可能会对愤怒的蜜蜂产生恐惧。故D 选项正确。2.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know...可知Lucy King 和她的团队所做的实验在部分象群中是成功的,但是还没有在足够多的象群中实验,故B项正确。3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句...set up a recorder.可知A选项正确。4.C　细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知大象不会靠近有蜂窝的树。故C项正确。
Passage 14(2014安徽,C)You are the collector in the gallery of your life.You collect.You might not mean to but you do.One out of three people collects tangible(有形的)things such as cats,photos and noisy toys.These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”—the first of several new museums which,over the next two years,will exhibit the objects accumulated by un-known collectors.In doing so,they will promote a popular culture of museums,not what museums normally represent.Some of the collections are fairly common—records,model houses.Others are strangely beautiful—branches that have fallen from trees,for example.But they all reveal(显露)a lot of things;ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.Others on the way include“The Museum of Collectors”and “The Museum of Me”.These new ones,it is hoped,will build on the success of “The Museum Of”.The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect,and what it means to do so.They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they,too,collect.
Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points:the beginning or end of adolescence—“it's a growing-up thing;you stop when you grow up,”says one.Other painful times are mentioned,such as the end of a relationship.For time and life can seem so uncon-trollable that a steady serial(顺序排列的)arrangement is comforting.1.How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?A.By collecting more tangible things.B.By showing what ordinary people have collected.C.By correcting what museums normally represent.D.By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.2.What can be learned about collectors from their collections?A.Who they are.B.How old they are.C.Where they were born.D.Why they might not mean to collect.
3.Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?A.To help people sell their collections.B.To encourage more people to collect.C.To study the significance of collecting.D.To find out why people visit museums.4.According to the last paragraph,people may stop collecting when they　　    .A.become adultsB.feel happy with lifeC.are ready for a relationshipD.feel time to be uncontrollable
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,讲述了当前出现的一类新型博物馆,这些博物馆收藏一些普通人的藏品,通过这种展示能揭示出这些普通收藏者真实的一面。1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The Museum Of”—the first of several new mu-seums which,over the next two years,will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors.可知答案为B项。2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句...ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.可知答案选A项。3.C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“The thinkers...explore why people collect,and what it means to do so.”可知答案选C。4.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知有些人长大后就不再收藏东西了。故选A。
Passage 15(2014课标Ⅰ,A) The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Chal-lenge.The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create art-work or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture,write an article,take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge,all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival,MIT Museum,265 Mass Avenue,Cambridge 02139 by Friday,February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the stu-dents.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15th,each winner will be given the specifics of the closing cere-mony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related informa-tion are available at:http://cambridgesciencefestival.org.1.Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?A.School students.　　B.Cambridge locals.C.CSF winners.　　D.MIT artists.2.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A.On February 8th.　　B.On March 10th.C.On March 15th.　　D.On April 21st.3.What type of writing is this text?A.An exhibition guide.　　B.An art show review.C.An announcement.　　D.An official report.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,题材为新闻广告类。本文介绍了剑桥科学节即将举办的一项鼓励学生们参加的好奇心挑战活动。要想了解一下该活动的情况就请阅读本文吧。1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的The challenge invites,even dares school students和第二段的第一句话Students are being dared to...可知在校学生可以参加该项活动,所以答案为A项。文章没有提到剑桥当地人可以参加,没有提及那些CSF获胜者可以参加,也没有提及MIT的艺术家们可以参加,所以要排除B、C、D三项。2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句话可知在4月21号要举办一个特殊的典礼,由此可知颁奖典礼是在4月21号举行,所以答案为D项。3.C　推理判断题。本文向读者介绍了一个活动项目,鼓励学生们去参加。这显然是一则通告或通知,答案为C项。A项:一则展览指南;B项:一则艺术展评论;D项:一个官方报道。这三项明显与本文的内容不符。
Passage 16(2014辽宁,D) Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees(雇员)and profits(利润)of over$2 million per year.He's never late to work.He does not get upset on the job.When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her,Travis took her away.“Your work-ing uniform is your shelter,”he told her.“Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you.You will al-ways be as strong as you want to be.”Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses,an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation.The training has,Travis says,changed his life.G&G has taught him how to live,how to focus,how to get to work on time,and how to master his emotions(情绪).Most importantly,it taught him willpower.At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit:willpower.Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person's success.And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.“Sometimes it looks like peo-ple with great self-control aren't working hard—but that's because they've made it automatic,”Angela Duckworth,one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said.“Their willpower oc-curs without them having to think about it.”
The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control.Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in work-ers' lives.Those courses are,in part,why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.1.We learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must　　    .A.learn to give lectures B.attend education programsC.design a working uniform D.develop a common hobby2.Willpower will become a habit when employees can　　    .A.focus on the profits　　B.benefit from the jobC.protect themselves well　　D.control their feelings well3.What can we infer from the passage?A.G&G has grown into a large company.B.G&G will spend half its profits training employees.C.G&G may become more successful in the future.D.G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。本文通过介绍Travis在公司接受培训时所学到的东西来体现意志力对个人和公司发展的重要性。1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G train-ing courses,an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employ-ee's occupation.”可知选择B项。2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“...and how to master his emotions(情绪).”和第四句“Most importantly,it taught him willpower.”以及第四段第一句“And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.”和最后一句“Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.”可知本题应选择D项。3.C　推理判断题。A项不用推断,文章最后一段最后一句已明确阐述;最后一段第一句提到公司花了很多钱来培训员工,但是无法从中推断出公司将会拿出利润的一半来培训员工,故排除B项;最后一段第二句只阐述了经理们编写工作手册来指导员工,并不能推断出公司还要为经理们制作更多的工作手册,故排除D项;最后一段每句话都展现出公司对员工培训的重视,最后一句阐述了公司能够如此强大在某种程度上也跟培训员工的课程有关,因此可以判断这家公司未来可能会更加成功,故选择C项。
Passage 17(2014重庆,C) The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much,and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet,resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.However,several types of animals can walk on water.One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus,a lizard(蜥蜴)native to Central and South America.It can run across wa-ter for a distance of several meters,avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet.The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.For humans to do this,we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hit-ting.”But fortunately there is an alternative:cornflour.By adding enough of this common thickening agent
to water(and it does take a lot),you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesn't be-have like normal water.Now,if the surface of the water is hit hard enough,particles(粒子)in the wa-ter group together for a moment to make the surface hard.Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step,and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.Fun though all this may sound,it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it,then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterward!1.Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans　　    .A.are not interested in itB.have biological limitationsC.have not invented proper toolsD.are afraid to make an attempt
2.What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?A.It is light enough to walk on water.B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.C.It can run across water at a certain speed.D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.3.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?A.To create a thick liquid.B.To turn the water into solid.C.To help the liquid behave normally.D.To enable the water to move rapidly.4.What is the author's attitude toward the idea of humans' walking on water?A.It is risky but beneficial.B.It is interesting and worth trying.C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality.D.It is impractical though theoretically possible.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。能在水上行走是人类一直以来感兴趣的话题,虽然有方法能实现这一想法,但所有这些都只是理论上的,并不切合实际。1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段的Sadly,biological facts prevent us...可知是人类自身生理结构的限制阻止了我们在水上行走,所以答案为B项。2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.可知这种蜥蜴是通过保持一定的前进速度确保自己能在水上前行的,所以答案为C项。3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句话中的the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour可知,cornflour的作用就是创造出一种足够厚的液面让我们能够在上面行走,所以答案为A项。4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述:这个听起来可能很有趣,但是要想付诸实践还是不太实际,所以答案为D项。
Passage 18(2014湖北,B) London's newest skyscraper(摩天大楼)is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres,it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.However,not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London,Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire(尖顶).He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building aren't regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin,sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name:the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great Lon-don tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts(桅杆)of the ships that were once on the river Thames.The Shard has 87 floors.At the top,there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty,but eventually there will be a five-star hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants,apartments and offices.Before building work began,a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were approved.
Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York,but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration,only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city.Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain,however,that ordinary London citi-zens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.1.London's newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of　　    .A.its size　　B.its costC.its shape　　D.its height
2.When he designed the Shard,Piano wanted it to　　    .A.change London's skyline　　B.inherit London's traditionC.imitate the Egyptian style　　D.attract potential visitors3.The critics who refer to social division think the Shard　　    .A.is only preferred by the richB.is far away from the poor areaC.is intended for wealthy peopleD.is popular only with Londoners4.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.The Shard:Cheers and ClapsB.The Shard:Work of a Great ArchitectC.The Shard:New Symbol of London?D.The Shard:A Change for the Better?
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。题材为社会文化类。文章主要介绍了人们对伦敦新建的摩天大楼夏德塔的不同看法。1.C    细节理解题。根据第二段中的It looks like a very thin,sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name:the Shard.可知新建的摩天大楼因其外形而得名。故选C项。2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.可知夏德塔的设计初衷是继承伦敦的传统。故选B项。3.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,批评夏德塔的人认为只有那些非常富有的人才能买得起那些昂贵的私人公寓并住在宾馆里。故选C项。4.D　主旨要义题。通读全文并结合第一段最后一句话可知答案。
Passage 19(2014天津,A) 词数:287A Guide to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm.It serves snacks(小吃),drinks,ice cream bars and meals.You can pay with cash or your ID cards.You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk.Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria,you can use the tables to eat your lunch,to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night,you can buy snacks,fast food,and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre.This area is often used for enter-tainment such as concerts,games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe,located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall,is available for relaxing,studying,cooking,and eating.Monthly activities are held here for all international students.Hours are 10 am to 10 pm,closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall,the Wellness Centre is committed to physical,emotional
and social health.A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice.The cost of this is included in your medical insurance.Hours are Monday to Friday,9 am to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 pm.Academic SupportAll students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.Here,qualified volunteers will work with you on written work,grammar,vocabulary,and other academic skills.You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door:two 30-minute appointments per week maximum.This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle(班车)service.The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre,leaving from the Mattson Centre.Operation hours are between 9 am and 3 pm,Saturdays only.Round trip fare is $1.1.What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A.Do homework and watch TV. B.Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.C.Have meals and meet with friends. D.Add money to your ID and play chess.
2.Where and when can you cook your own food?A.The Globe,Friday.　　B.The Lower Café,Sunday.C.The TWU Cafeteria,Friday.　　D.The McMillan Hall,Sunday.3.The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre　　    .A.is open six days a week B.offers services free of chargeC.trains students in medical care D.gives advice on mental health4.How can you seek help from the Writing Centre?A.By applying online. B.By calling the centre.C.By filling in a sign-up form. D.By going to the centre directly.5.What is the function of TWU Express?A.To carry students to the lecture halls.B.To provide students with campus tours.C.To take students to the Mattson Centre.D.To transport students to and from the stores.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是应用文,题材是学校生活。文章主要从饮食、娱乐、健康、学术支持、交通五个方面介绍了TWU大学。1.C　细节理解题。从文章的第一段中“It serves snacks(小吃),drinks,...”“...you can use the tables to eat your lunch,to have meetings...”可知答案为C。2.A　细节理解题。从文章第三段可知答案为A。3.D　细节理解题。从文章第四段第一、二句可知答案为D。4.C　细节理解题。从文章第五段中“You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door”可知,答案为C。5.D    细节理解题。从文章第六段中“The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre”可知,答案为D。
Passage 20 (2015安徽,C)As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information,are people remem-bering less?If you know your computer will save information,why store it in your own personal memory,your brain?Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study,Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments.She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory.In the first experiment,they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer.The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information.The second group understood that the computer would not save it.Lat-er,the second group remembered the information better.People in the first group knew they could find the information again,so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment,the researchers gave people facts to remember,and told them where to find the information on the computer.The information was in a specific computer folder(文件夹).Sur-prisingly,people later remembered the folder location(位置)better than the facts.When people use the Internet,they do not remember the information.Rather, they remember how to find it.This is called“transactive memory(交互记忆)”.
According to Sparrow,we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet.Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories;that is,people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date.This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent,but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.1.The passage begins with two questions to　　    .A.introduce the main topicB.show the author's attitudeC.describe how to use the InternetD.explain how to store information2.What can we learn about the first experiment?A.The Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.B.The two groups remembered the information equally well.C.The first group did not try to remember the information.D.The second group did not understand the information.
3.In transactive memory,people　　    .A.keep the information in mindB.change the quantity of informationC.organize information like a computerD.remember how to find the information4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?A.We are using memory differently.B.We are becoming more intelligent.C.We have poorer memories than before.D.We need a better way to access information.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,题材为科学发现类。重点介绍了一项研究成果:由于因特网的使用,我们运用记忆力的方式正在发生变化。1.A　推理判断题。文章提出两个问题后,接着引出下文要谈论的话题:因特网是否正在改变我们记忆的内容和方式。故选A。2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知,第一组的实验对象知道他们能再次找到信息,所以没有试图记忆输入电脑的信息。故选C。3.D　细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话可知,在交互记忆中,人们重点记忆如何找到信息。故选D。4.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知,因特网的使用没有改变我们的智商,而是正在改变我们运用记忆力的方式。故选A。
Passage 21 (2015天津,A) 词数:313University Room RegulationsApproved and Prohibited ItemsThe following items are approved for use in residential(住宿的)rooms:electric blankets,hair dryers,personal computers,radios,televisions and DVD players.Items that are not allowed in student rooms include:candles,ceiling fans,fireworks,waterbeds,sun lamps and wireless routers.Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.Access to Residential RoomsStudents are provided with a combination(组合密码)for their room door locks upon check-in.Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone.The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others.The fee is $25 to change a room combination.Cooking PolicyStudents living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen.Students must clean up after cooking.This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff.Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use.With the exception of using a small microwave oven(微波炉)to heat food,students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.
Pet PolicyNo pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.Students who are found with pets,whether visit-ing or owned by the student,are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet.Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect.If,one week from the date of written notice,the pet is not removed,the student is referred to the Student Court.Quiet HoursResidential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the Uni-versity.Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday.Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am.Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.1.Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?A.Ceiling fans and waterbeds.B.Wireless routers and radios.C.Hair dryers and candles.D.TVs and electric blankets.
2.What if a student is found to have told his combination to others?A.The combination should be changed.B.The Office should be charged.C.He should replace the door lock.D.He should check out of the room.3.What do we know about the cooking policy?A.A microwave oven can be used.B.Cooking in student rooms is permitted.C.A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.D.Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.4.If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning,he will face　　    .A.parent visits B.a fine of $100C.the Student Court D.a written notice5.When can students enjoy a party in residences?A.7:00 am,Sunday. B.7:30 am,Thursday.C.11:30 pm,Monday. D.00:30 am,Saturday.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,题材为学校生活类。文章介绍了大学宿舍的管理制度。1.D　细节理解题。由第一段的相关说明可知D项正确。2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知答案为A。3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,A项正确。4.C　推理判断题。由第四段的相关内容可知选C。5.D　推理判断题。由最后一段的相关内容可推知D项正确。
Passage 22 (2016天津,B) 词数:422Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren't written until the final threat.I've been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master's degree in English. But Jody?When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech”student(技校学生). They're called“motorheads” by the rest of the student body.When a secretary in my office first called him“motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he's a good kid,” I wanted to say.“And smart, really.”I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don't often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean
shirts in offices don't have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $ 800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件) from a junkyard, and ability from vo-tech classes. The cost was $ 25 instead of $800.Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own re-laxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most importantly, I have learned that fathers don't need clones in foot-steps or anywhere else.My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
1.What used to be the author's hope for his son?A.To avoid becoming his clone.B.To resemble him in appearance.C.To develop in a different direction.D.To reach the author's unachieved goals.2.What can we learn about the author's children?A.His daughter does better in school.B.His daughter has got a master's degree.C.His son tried hard to finish homework.D.His son couldn't write his book reports.3.The author let his son repair the car because he believed that　　    .A.his son had the ability to fix itB.it would save him much timeC.it wouldn't cause him any more lossD.other motorheads would come to help
4.In the author's eyes, motorheads are　　    .A.tidy and hard-workingB.cheerful and smartC.lazy but brightD.relaxed but rude5.What did the author realize in the end?A.It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.B.It is important for one to make the honor roll.C.Architects play a more important role than builders.D.Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为夹叙夹议文,题材为教育类。每一个人都希望自己的儿子和自己一样,不是在容貌上,而是在人生的足迹上。作者通过自己儿子的成长经历意识到,做父亲的全然不需要让儿子变成另一个自己。1.D　推理判断题。由首段前三句可知作者原来一直希望儿子能跟随自己的脚步来实现自己未实现的目标,故答案为D。2.A　细节理解题。由第二段及第三段第二句可知答案选A。3.C　细节理解题。由第六段尾句“I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.”可知选C。4.B　推理判断题。由倒数第三段可知答案为B。5.A　推理判断题。由倒数第二段尾句“Most importantly, I have learned that fathers don't need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.”及文章最后一句可知选A。
长难句　You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for.你开始意识到你的儿子跟随你的脚步很可能会完成你所期望的事情。that引导宾语从句,作动词realize的宾语;what引导宾语从句,作动词accomplish的宾语;in your footsteps为插入语。
A组  2017—2019年高考模拟·考点基础题组
Must-See AttractionsMost visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of traditional archi-tecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. You'll also want to check out Amsterdam's Museum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmuseum, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.If You Have TimeThere are several other unique districts in Amsterdam, and you should try to explore as many of them as time allows. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to
attract wealthy home owners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today. The Plan-tage area has most of the city's museums, including the Jewish Historical Museum, the Scheep-vaart Museum, and the botanical gardens.Money Saving Tips•Unless you really want to see the tulips (郁金香) blooming, avoid booking between mid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices rise.•Look for accommodations in Amsterdam's South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.•Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.•Instead of hiring a tour guide, hop on a canal boat. They're inexpensive and will give you a unique point of view of the city.Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book.
1.What can be learned about Amsterdam from this passage?A.Amsterdam is called the “Venice of the North” because of its location.B.The Van Gogh Museum lies in Amsterdam's Museum Quarter.C.The Old Centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.D.The Canal Ring is a place to attract garden lovers.2.In order to save money in Amsterdam, you can　　    .A.arrange a guided canal tourB.buy train tickets at the counterC.reserve a hotel in the South DistrictD.book flights between mid-March and mid-May3.Where is the passage most probably taken from?A.A magazine.　　B.An essay. C.A report. 　　D.A website.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了阿姆斯特丹相关的旅游信息。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后两句You'll also want to check out Amsterdam's Mu-seum Quarter in the South District, which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and hav-ing a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmuseum, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.可知,凡·高博物馆在阿姆斯特丹的博物馆区。因此本题选B。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三个小标题的第二点Look for accommodations in Amsterdam's South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.可知,在阿姆斯特丹南方地区的住宿价格普遍比市中心的价格要便宜,因此如果要省钱的话,C选项符合要求。3.D　推理判断题。根据文章结尾最后一句话Check out our homepage to view price compar-isons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book.中的关键词our homepage可知,本文应该来自网站,在网站中才能浏览主页,因此本题选D。
高级语块　1.be famous for 因……而出名　2.refer to as称为　3.hop on 跳上
长难句　Look for accommodations in Amsterdam's South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center. 在阿姆斯特丹南部地区寻找住宿,那里的价格普遍比市中心的便宜。本句中where引导定语从句,修饰先行词Amsterdam's South District,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。
quality issues. We hear you! That is why the Perfect Sleep Chair is handmade in the USA using quality hardwoods and only the highest quality material. Each chair is carefully crafted by workers and not just a bunch of robots. Every chair structure is guaranteed for life and the electronic com-ponents are generously warranted for three years. Simply put, it's the highest quality chair on the market—but it doesn't end there...When you purchase the Perfect Sleep Chair, you'll get your choice of cloth and colors! You'll al-so receive White Glove Delivery. Professionals will carry the chair to the exact spot in your home where you want it, unpack it, inspect it, test it, position it, and even take the packaging away!To ensure that your product and purchase process is of the highest quality, our customer service team is here to answer any question, five days a week, from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. Please call us at 800-958-8324.
1.According to the advertisement, the Perfect Sleep Chair　　    .A.helps detect illnessesB.supports various body positionsC.comes with an additional mattressD.adjusts its temperature accordingly2.What is the key feature of the Perfect Sleep Chair introduced in Paragraph 3?A.It is safe.　　B.It is lasting.C.It is portable.　　D.It is comfortable.3.What service can customers receive?A.Home delivery.　　B.Free replacement.C.A 24-hour hotline.　　D.A money-back guarantee.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文,介绍了一种完美睡椅的功能等并给出了服务信息。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话中的关键词(下划线部分)With the Perfect Sleep Chair, there's a perfect position for everybody, even those that prefer to lie flat but want the addi-tional support that most mattresses don't provide.可知,这个椅子可以给喜欢各种姿势的人提供支撑,因此本题选B。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句中的关键词(下划线部分)Time and time again, our customers tell us they are tired of having to replace their recliners due to quality issues.可知,人们已经厌倦了因为质量问题需要更换躺椅,以及由该段倒数第二句Every chair structure is guaran-teed for life and the electronic components are generously warranted for three years.可知,文章中介绍的椅子非常耐用,lasting的意思是“持久的”,故选B。3.A　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的最后两句You'll also receive White Glove Delivery. Professionals will carry the chair to the exact spot in your home where you want it, unpack it, in-spect it, test it, position it, and even take the packaging away!可知,买椅子可以享受送货到家的服务,因此选A。
高级语块　1.be tired of厌烦,厌倦　2.due to 由于
长难句　With the Perfect Sleep Chair, there's a perfect position for everybody, even those that prefer to lie flat but want the additional support that most mattresses don't provide.有了完美睡椅,每个人都能有一个完美的位置,即便是那些想要平躺但还想要多余支撑力的人,这种支撑力是大多数垫子所不能提供的。句中with表伴随;第一个that引导定语从句,修饰those;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰support。
•We need keystone species. These vital species, including top predators (食肉动物), drive eco-logical processes. Their loss has worsened our living systems.•Nature looks after us. Good natural ecology can provide us with clean air and water, prevent flooding and store carbon. Rewilding can leave the world in a better state than it is today.What are challenges?As a long-term project,our “rewilding britain” has its challenges. Many people are not interest-ed, because we have got used to the lack of native forests. Many farmers oppose the idea. They thought it a crazy idea to bring back predators because they would start killing farm animals. It takes time to educate them. Above all, we need money! So we need your help!Make a donation.Help us bring back living systems and restore wild nature!With your help we can...•Open up new chances for rewilding and push for change.•Develop tools to educate the public and spread the idea.Thanks for your support.
1.Which of the following is the result of rewilding?A.Species become various.B.A lot of animals disappear.C.Environments are destroyed.D.Natural disasters happen regularly.2.According to the passage, one of the challenges at present is　　    .A.people's doubts　　B.a lack of volunteersC.a shortage of time　　D.farmers' disagreement3.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To introduce a new project.B.To call on people to give money.C.To warn people of the natural ecology.D.To convince people to change their mind.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文,讲了rewilding的重要性并呼吁人们为“rewidling britain”项目捐款。1.A　细节理解题。根据副标题So what is rewilding?中的Imagine species diversifying instead of declining. That's rewilding.可知,rewilding的结果是物种的多样性。因此本题选A。2.D　细节理解题。根据副标题What are challenges?中的第三句Many farmers oppose the idea.可知,其中的一个挑战是很多农民反对这个想法,故选D。3.B　主旨要义题。根据文章标题以及文章最后一个小标题可知,本文的写作目的是呼吁人们为这个项目捐款,因此选B。
高级语块　provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
长难句　The places where you would expect wildlife to exist have been reduced to wet deserts.你期待野生生物生存的地方已经变成了潮湿的荒漠。本句中where引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语。
user interacts with them. The tags can also be shaped into thin keypads or smart home control pan-els that can be used to remotely operate WiFi-connected speakers and other Internet of Things de-vices.Xinyu Zhang, a professor of electrical and computer engineering, named the technology LiveTag. He pictures people using LiveTag technology to track human interaction with everyday objects. For example, LiveTag could potentially be used to assess the recovery of patients who have suf-fered a stroke (中风). “When patients return home, they could use this technology to provide data based on how they interact with everyday objects at home, whether they are opening or closing doors in a normal way, or if they are able to pick up bottles of water, for example. The amount, in-tensity and frequency of their activities could be recorded and sent to their doctors to evaluate their recovery,” said Zhang. “And this can all be done in the comfort of their own homes rather than having to keep going back to the clinic for frequent testing,” he added.The researchers note several limitations of the technology. LiveTag currently cannot work with a WiFi receiver further than one meter away, so researchers are working on improving the tag sensi-tivity and detection range. Ultimately, the team aims to develop a way to make the tags use normal paper and ink printing, which would make them cheaper to mass produce.
1.When people touch a printable metal tag,　　    .A.they are actually touching a mirrorB.the WiFi router will stop sending signalsC.the reflected WiFi signals will be disturbedD.their fingers can be sensed by a WiFi router2.LiveTag can probably be used to　　    .A.precisely locate everyday objectsB.remotely control a WiFi-connected TVC.easily block signals from WiFi devicesD.greatly improve one's physical condition3.LiveTag helps stroke patients by　　    .A.evaluating the process of their recoveryB.sending data of their activities to doctorsC.connecting their smartphones with doctors'D.recording doctors' assessments of their recovery
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章介绍了一款新型的基于WiFi、名叫Live Tag标签的使用方式和用途。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句When a user's finger touches these “mirrors”, it disturbs the reflected WiFi signals in such a way that can be remotely sensed by a WiFi receiver like a smartphone.可知,本题选择C项。2.B　细节理解题。文章的第三段最后一句The tags can also be shaped into thin keypads or smart home control panels that can be used to remotely operate WiFi-connected speakers and other Internet of Things devices.可知,B项正确,D项错在这个标签可以帮助医生评估病人的身体状况而不是改善他们的身体状况。3.B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段倒数第二句The amount, intensity and frequency of their ac-tivities could be recorded and sent to their doctors to evaluate their recovery,”said Zhang.可知,这种标签将病人的数据发给医生,评估病人的恢复情况。故选B。
高级语块　1.attach to 贴在……上　2.mass produce批量生产
长难句　Ultimately, the team aims to develop a way to make the tags use normal paper and ink printing, which would make them cheaper to mass produce.最终,团队旨在发展一种能用普通的纸和墨水打印这个标签的方式,使其价格变得更便宜,得以批量生产。which在句中引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的一整句话。
Group 2Passage 1 (2019北京西城第一学期期末, A)词数:321Dear Lora,Greetings from the Harvard Graduate School of Education! As we begin recruiting (招收) talented students from different backgrounds for the 2019-2020 academic year, we would like to ask about your plans for graduate study and highlight some new developments on the HGSE Admissions website.Apply to HGSEWe are pleased to announce that our online application is now live! You can access the form, re-quirements, and instructions on our website. The application deadline for the Doctor of Education Leadership (Ed.L.D.) is March 15, 2019, while the Master of Education (Ed.M.) deadline is April 5, 2019.Doctor of Philosophy in Education (Ph.D.) HGSE and the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) additionally offer the students a Ph.D. in Education. Applications for this re-
search-based doctorate (博士学位) must be sent to GSAS by February 20, 2019.Connect with HGSEWe have begun posting the schedule of our fall recruitment events on our website, the first of which is the New York City Idealist Grad Fair on Thursday, January 31.Please check our website for details about this and other off-campus and online information sessions. Note that we are con-tinuing to add events as they are scheduled.Update Your Communication PreferencesPlease take a moment to update your information (e.g., contact info, program preference) to reflect any changes since you signed up initially, so that we may communicate with you in a way that best fits your needs.If you're no longer considering HGSE for graduate study, click on the unsubscribe link at the bot-tom of this email message;you will no longer receive messages from the Admissions Office.As always, you are welcome to contact us with your questions. We look forward to connecting with you in the near future and hope we will have a chance to read your application this spring.
Sincerely,Julia Deland, Ed.M.Director of Admissions1.An application for the Doctor of Education Leadership must be submitted by　　    .A.April 5, 2019 B.March 15, 2019C.January 31, 2019 D.February 20, 20192.In the email, Lora is advised to　　    .A.update her informationB.subscribe the email messagesC.post her schedule on the websiteD.organize some activities for the fair3.What is the purpose of the email?A.To apply for positions.B.To ask for suggestions.C.To provide information.D.To make recommendations.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是应用文。文章介绍了哈佛大学教育学院2019-2020学年招生的相关信息,包括申请截止日期、联系方式和相关建议。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句中的The application deadline for the Doctor of Edu-cation Leadership (Ed.L.D.) is March 15, 2019可知,申请博士的截止日期是2019年3月15日,故选B。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第五段Please take a moment to update your information (e.g., con-tact info, program preference) to reflect any changes since you signed up initially, so that we may communicate with you in a way that best fits your needs.可知,招生主任建议Lora更新自己的信息,以便学校更方便根据她的情况和她沟通,因此本题选A。3.C　主旨要义题。文章从申请截止日期、联系方式和相关建议三方面介绍了哈佛大学教育学院招生的相关信息,所以该邮件的目的是为申请教育学院的人提供一些信息,以便他们春季进行申请。因此本题选C。
高级语块　look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事
长难句　We have begun posting the schedule of our fall recruitment events on our website, the first of which is the New York City Idealist Grad Fair on Thursday, January 31.我们已经开始在网站上公布一些规划好的秋季招生活动,其中第一个活动是1月31日周四的纽约理想毕业生集会。本句后半句为非限制性定语从句,the first of which指秋季招生活动中的第一个活动。
Passage 2 (2019北京东城第一学期期末, A)词数:323Pastime is a bi-monthly magazine for curious young minds. Many of the topics we write about won't be covered in the classroom. All the articles are written in a lively style, and each one is paired with drawings by some of the country's most talented artists.☆History focuses on archaeological (考古的) sites around the world where archaeologists work to unearth important finds.☆World includes stories about daily life, folk tales, and history and traditions of the people and places.☆Sport includes nutrition tips, information about up-and-coming young athletes, and sports events.☆Art stimulates a child's cultural life, from film to theatre, including writing and music.On top of all that, Pastime is packed with items to stimulate a youngster's imagination, including
pages of puzzles and a step-by-step guide to creating their own impressive-looking drawings.In every issue, we review the latest books that top authors write for this age group. There are also short works of fiction written especially for Pastime by some of our best writers.We know that children at this age are dealing with many emotions and sometimes difficult feel-ings, so we have a personal advice page to reply to questions dealing with personal and moral questions.Unlike many of today's throwaway comics, Pastime is written and designed to be kept and trea-sured. We know children love going online—but we also know how much they enjoy holding a printed magazine in their hands, and the excitement they get when each new issue drops through the letterbox personally addressed to them.SubscriptionPastime is published six times a year. An annual subscription costs just ￡20 and makes a great gift for any child aged eight to twelve.
•To order by phone: Dial 1-800-821-0156.•You can cancel at any time for magazines that haven't shipped yet.1.If a reader is interested in festivals, he can read　　    .A.History　　B.World　　C.Sport　　D.Art2.What does the magazine provide?A.Photos of talented artists.B.Stories created by children.C.Suggestions on readers' problems.D.Book reviews written by students.3.For subscription, one needs to know that the magazine　　    .A.offers electronic copiesB.costs ￡20 for each copyC.is for kindergarten childrenD.is published every two months
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是应用文。介绍了Pastime这本杂志的内容、适合的年龄段以及订阅价格等信息。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章中的World includes stories about daily life, folk tales, and history and traditions of the people and places.可知,World这一部分会介绍不同地方和人民的一些传统,其中传统包含节日,故选B。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章中的so we have a personal advice page to reply to questions dealing with personal and moral questions可知,这本杂志回答读者提出的有关个人和道德相关的问题,因此本题选C。3.D　细节理解题。根据Subscription部分的Pastime is published six times a year.可知,这本杂志一年出版六期,所以是两个月出一本,因此本题选D。A选项错在文中没提及是否有电子版,B选项错在20磅是一整年的订阅费,而不是每本20磅,C选项错在这本杂志是给8—12岁的孩子看的,不是幼儿园的孩子。
高级语块　up-and-coming adj.有希望的,很有前途的
长难句　History focuses on archaeological sites around the world where archaeologists work to unearth important finds.历史部分主要介绍世界各地的考古遗址,那些考古学家们在这里工作以找到重要物件。本句中where引导定语从句,先行词是archaeological sites,在从句中作地点状语。
come up with a pruning method that is both beneficial for the tree's health and longevity and meets the needs of our customers. Tree Removal—Our arborists use the latest techniques and skills to assure the safety of your home, roof, and nearby structures to make sure your tree removal is done successfully. All tree debris(残骸) is roped and kept under our control at all times to ensure your tree removal is safe.Tree Assessment—A tree assessment provides customers, for a small fee, with a verbal explana-tion of the condition of their trees. In addition, the arborist may describe any DIY options you might have to correct or improve the problem. It is also of value for customers who cannot afford to have tree services done at this time but only want to make a budget now.Tree Planting—We have a large selection of affordable high quality trees that are handpicked by our arborists, or our customers can also purchase their own trees and have them planted under the best conditions by a knowledgeable professional from our company. Our arborists can also use their extensive knowledge of trees to make recommendations as to which trees would work best in your yard. For more information, please check out our blog!
1.Urban Forest Pro in Portland 　　    . A.provides free training in tree protection B.takes care of trees in public areasC.offers tree services to customersD.focuses on tree sales 2.What will an arborist do in the process of tree pruning?A.Select the healthiest trees. B.Move the tree to a new place. C.Cut off unnecessary branches. D.Clear leaves away from the roof. 3.Customers who are short of money may receive the service of　　    . A.Tree Pruning　　B.Tree RemovalC.Tree Planting　　D.Tree Assessment
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文。在波特兰,任何和树有关的问题,都可以找Urban Forest Pro解决。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句Urban Forest Pro in Portland is a full-service tree care company providing the Portland area with tree services. If you have any problem that involves trees, our tree services and removal experts can help you solve it. 可知本题选择C项。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Doing tree pruning, we selectively remove certain parts of a tree according to the goals of our customers such as roof protection, increased sunlight, view clearance, and privacy protection.可知本题选择C项。3.D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的A tree assessment provides customers, for a small fee, with a verbal explanation of the condition of their trees. 和It is also of value for customers who cannot afford to have tree services done at this time but only want to make a budget now.可知本题选择D项。
高级语块　take account of...考虑到……;把……考虑进去
长难句　Our arborists can in most cases come up with a pruning method that is both beneficial for the tree's health and longevity and meets the needs of our customers. 大多数情况下,我们的育木专家都可以想到既对树木的健康和寿命有益又满足客户需求的修剪方案。句中的in most cases是状语,method后接that引导的定语从句,从句中第一个and连接health和longevity,第二个and连接is和meets。
Passage 4 (2018北京朝阳一模, A)词数:285
1.What is the function of ecobee3?A.Planning schedules.B.Making decoration.C.Adjusting temperatures.D.Storing information.2.According to the passage, one of the advantages of ecobee3 is that　　    .A.it can be operated easily by phoneB.it has different sizesC.it is a product without using energyD.it follows the same pattern3.What makes ecobee3 superior?A.It costs less than those similar products.B.It may work without access to wi-fi networks.C.It is more effective with fewer remote sensors.D.It can control the temperature in a larger area.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是应用文,介绍了一款智能恒温器的功能及特点。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句Most of the smart thermostats carry the same bene-fits, including ecobee3.They can learn your preferences and schedules, and then adjust the temper-ature accordingly.可知本题选C项。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句And once you're able to heat up or cool down your house through your phone, without having to get out of bed, you won't want to go back.可知ecobee3可以通过手机轻松调节温度,故选A项。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句If you live in a larger house, ecobee3 can be much more convenient—provided you pick up a couple more remote sensors.以及第三段最后一句In comparison, other thermostats' measurements are largely limited to the area in which they're in-stalled.可知ecobee3的优势在于它能控制大区域的温度,故选D项。
高级语块　1.for the most part就绝大部分而言,基本上2.be limited to 局限于
长难句　If you live in a larger house,ecobee3 can be much more convenient—provided you pick up a couple more remote sensors.如果你住在一所比较大的房子里,(使用)ecobee3会更加方便,只要你多买几个遥感器就行了。此句中If引导条件状语从句,破折号后的provided 也引导条件状语从句。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018北京西城一模, A)词数:333Become a Volunteer and Make a DifferenceThe First Tee, as an outstanding youth development organization, is always searching for good people that want to volunteer at one of our many Pittsburgh area locations. We're Looking for You!Nationwide, we currently have more than 3,700 coaches signed up with The First Tee as well as volunteers. But you don't have to be a golf professional or even a good golfer. With The First Tee Coach Program, we provide the training you need.Developed with input from leading experts in the field of positive youth development, our program focuses on making participants stronger and more confident through decision-making and explor-ing options, inspiring the golfers of tomorrow to look to the future, set goals, and unlock their po-tential.We also need more volunteers to make The First Tee possible. Opportunities include:
Assistant Coach:assist in our weekly golf clinics. All that we request is that you make a 7-week commitment (one day per week), for 2 hours each week. Each clinic is led by one of our trained staff members who creates a written lesson plan for our volunteers to follow.Database Manager:input data of participants, volunteers, and community relation records and up-date information for Home Office and community relations. The database manager is expected to update the data a minimum of every other week.Equipment Manager:organize and sort donated equipment, get rid of unfit equipment, and arrange equipment for distribution to participants at least once a week. Greeter:register participants, hand information to parents, greet visitors, answer the phone and pro-vide general program information.Process of Becoming a VolunteerBegin by filling out the Google Forms application below. Once Alison Boyle (our Director of Vol-unteer and Participant Services) receives your completed application, she will contact you for an in-person interview.
CLICK HERE to fill out a Volunteer Application via Google Forms.For more information, please contact our Director of Volunteer and Participant Services, Alison Boyle, at aboyle@thefirstteepittsburgh.org.1.The First Tee Coach Program centers on　　    . A.empowering participantsB.training professional coachesC.attracting more visitorsD.looking for golf stars2.If you are good at using computers, you may choose to be a (n)　　    .A.greeter　　B.assistant coachC.database manager　　D.equipment manager3.To become a volunteer at The First Tee, one must　　    .A.be a good golfer　　B.have an interviewC.consult Alison Boyle　　D.promise to work 7 weeks
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文。如果你对做志愿者感兴趣,可以仔细阅读本文。1.A　细节理解题。根据Developed with input...on making participants stronger and more confi-dent...and unlock their potential.可知本题选A。2.C　细节理解题。根据Database Manager部分的描述input data of participants, volunteers, and community relation records and update information for Home Office and community relations. 可知,这项工作需要擅长使用电脑的人,因此选择C项。3.B　细节理解题。根据Process of Becoming a Volunteer部分提到的she will contact you for an in-person interview可知本题选择B项。
长难句　Developed with input from leading experts in the field of positive youth development, our program focuses on making participants stronger and more confident through decision-making and exploring options, inspiring the golfers of tomorrow to look to the future, set goals, and unlock their potential.借助积极青少年发展领域的专家所提供的信息,我们拟定了计划,该计划致力于通过做决定和进行选择让参与者变得更强大、更自信,激励未来的高尔夫球手展望未来、制定目标并挖掘他们的潜能。句子的主体结构是our program focuses on making participants stronger and more confident。Developed with input from leading experts in the field of positive youth development是状语,de-veloped的逻辑主语是our program;through decision-making and exploring options是介宾短语作方式状语;inspiring the golfers of tomorrow to look to the future, set goals, and unlock their poten-tial是伴随状语,inspiring的逻辑主语也是our program。
Requirements:Applicants must complete a National Park Service Agreement and have their back-grounds looked into. U.S. citizenship is required. Applicants must be current Kent State University students.How to Apply:Please request an application from Mike Johnson at gkovach@kent.edu and send it back to Mike Johnson at gkovach@kent.edu, with the above position title as the subject, by Febru-ary 15, 2018.If offered an interview,please come to Cuyahoga Valley National Park with your per-sonal resume introducing your education and your previous work experience. For further information, please call Jamie Walters at (330)657-2142 or email jwalters@forcvnp.org. 1.What will a volunteer do in this program?A.Help make a data record.B.Walk 1—2 miles every day. C.Work at least 16 hours per week. D.Identify butterfly monitoring areas.
2.Applicants for the job must 　　    .A.have the skills in butterfly identificationB.have their backgrounds checked C.be university graduatesD.design a program3.To apply for the position, one needs to 　　    .A.call (330)657-2142B.visit Jamie Walters at the officeC.hand in a resume before February 15 D.send the application to gkovach@kent.edu
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是应用文,介绍了库雅荷加谷国家公园志愿者职位的相关信息。1.A　细节理解题。根据Duties部分的第一句Park staff will train volunteers in butterfly identifi-cation and data recording for one week...可知,志愿者需要辅助数据记录。2.B　细节理解题。根据Requirements部分的第一句Applicants must complete a National Park Service Agreement and have their backgrounds looked into.可知申请者需要接受背景调查。3.D　细节理解题。根据How to Apply部分的第一句可知申请该职位需要把申请发到指定邮箱。
高级语块　personal resume 个人简历
长难句　Applicants must complete a National Park Service Agreement and have their back-grounds looked into. 申请者必须填写国家公园服务协议并接受背景调查。have their backgrounds looked into为have sth. done结构。
Passage 3(2017北京丰台一模, A)词数:261Lakeway Middle School Now Has Its Own School Store!The Lion's DenStop by the Lion's Den before or after school or during lunch to check out the various goods available at our new school store. Here you can find school supplies, gym uniforms and gifts. Choir(合唱团)students manage the store and are ready to serve you. Money raised from sales will help purchase new music, costumes, and sound equipment for the choir. Everything you need for school is available at the Lion's Den. Come in today to see for yourself!Location:Room 2258, next to the dining hallHours:Monday—Friday7:30—8:00 A.M.,11:30 A.M.—1:30 P.M., and3:30—4:15 P.M.Used Book DonationsDonations of used books are welcome and rewarded. Drop off your used book donations in the store. For every five books donated, receive a Lions Reward Coin good for 25 cents off your next purchase at the Lion's Den.
2.If you donate five used books, you can get　　    .A.a Lions Reward CoinB.20% off C.more discount informationD.a free pencil or pen3.Your personal information is needed to　　    . A.get the membershipB.join the school choirC.win a T-shirtD.scan the QR code4.We can probably read this passage from　　    .A.a textbook　　B.a travel guideC.a science magazine　　D.a school website
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文。文章向学生们介绍了这所学校开设的商店,并吸引大家前去购物。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的最后一句Money raised from sales will help purchase new music, costumes, and sound equipment for the choir.可知本题选择B项。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的最后一句For every five books donated, receive a Lions Reward Coin good for 25 cents off your next purchase at the Lion's Den.可知本题选择A项。3.C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的and enter your name and grade in a drawing to win a T-shirt可知本题选择C项。4.D　推理判断题。由于文章主要介绍的是学校的事情,因此最有可能在学校的网站上看到此篇文章,故选择D项。
Passage 4(2017北京西城一模, A)词数:315
1.Why is Quebec the ideal location for learning and practicing French?A.It offers summer French programs.B.It is the only major city in Canada.C.It has a Summer French Language School.D.It has a 100% French-speaking environment.2.If a boy is 18 and loves computer science, which summer camp suits him best?A.LMFL.　　B.FLC.　　C.EI.　　D.RC.3.It can be learned from the passage that　　    .A.RC helps kids improve their horse-riding skillsB.kids can enjoy one-to-one training at LMFLC.kids can stay at French host families at EID.FLC was founded in 1997 in France
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文。文章为读者介绍了四个不同的夏令营课程。1.D　细节理解题。根据“Edu-Inter Summer Language School(EI)”中的Quebec City is the on-ly major city in Canada that offers a 100% French-speaking environment, making it the ideal loca-tion for learning and practicing French.可知本题选择D项。2.D　细节理解题。根据“Reach Cambridge-Academic Camps(RC)”中的We provide unique and academic programs for students aged 14—18.以及下面包含的课程中有Computer Science,可知本题选择D项。3.B　细节理解题。根据“Language and Music for Life(LMFL)”中的LMFL provides quality one-to-one training in a wide range of instruments & voice tuition to highly-motivated students of all ages.可知本题选择B项。
B组  2017—2019年高考模拟·专题综合题组
Practicing martial arts two to three hours and helping students improve their skills have become Tokuda's daily routine. He expects to practice and teach martial arts for the rest of his life. “I'm still learning. It's worth more than a lifetime to learn Chinese martial arts,” he said. “Once I started, I just couldn't stop. I think it's also the magic of Chinese culture.”Tokuda was sent to the martial arts school when he was 10. He still remembers how unwilling he was when starting out. “My father had always wanted to learn Chinese martial arts but never got the chance, so he put his kid in,” he said. “I was so afraid at that time because I thought kung fu was all about fighting.”But things changed after he learned that martial arts were more than punching and kicking.“One of the things martial arts teach me is overcoming adversity,” Tokuda said. “As a little kid, my first lesson was like, oh, look, this is a thing that I can get through by diligence, persever-ance (毅力) and dedication, and that was priceless for my life.”Learning Chinese martial arts opened a gateway for him to better understand Chinese culture be-cause he could hear a lot of ancient Chinese kung fu-related stories.“It is like in America, where we hear stories about knights in shining armor and King Arthur and noble deeds done,” he said.
“I feel martial arts preserve something of ancient China that can't be found in books. They are sort of an oral history.”Tokuda has also been invited to various events in his home state to showcase traditional Chinese culture, including the dragon dance and lion dance, which he also learnt at the martial arts school. Because of this, he is now considered a cultural envoy (使者) in the eyes of the public.1.Tokuda didn't want to learn kung fu because he had thought it was　　    .A.practical　　B.magical　　C.violent　　D.difficult2.From the passage, what can we learn about Tokuda?A.He learnt martial arts from his father.B.He is the founder of the kung fu school.C.He learnt from martial arts how to deal with difficulties.D.He is the most experienced kung fu teacher of his state.3.Which of the following words can best describe Tokuda?A.Modest and friendly. B.Devoted and persevering.C.Talented and humorous. D.Motivated and considerate.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Tokuda学习中国武术并传播传统中国文化的故事。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句话“I was so afraid at that time because I thought kung fu was all about fighting.”可知,Tokuda不想学功夫,是因为他认为功夫全都是打斗。打斗是一件暴力的事情,因此本题选C。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句“One of the things martial arts teach me is over-coming adversity,”Tokuda said.可知,Tokuda从武术中学会了克服困难,和C项一致;A项错在他不是从爸爸那里学的武术;B项错在没说他是功夫学校的创始人;D项错在文章中只提到他是学校里最有经验的老师之一,故选C。3.B　推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“...this is a thing that I can get through by diligence, perseverance and dedication, and that was priceless for my life.”可知,Tokuda是一个有奉献精神和毅力的人,因此选B。
高级语块　be involved with 和……有关;参与
长难句　Tokuda has also been invited to various events in his home state to showcase traditional Chinese culture, including the dragon dance and lion dance, which he also learnt at the martial arts school. Tokuda在家乡也被邀请去过很多活动来展示传统中国文化,包括舞龙舞狮,这也是他在武术学校里学到的。本句中which引导定语从句,先行词是the dragon dance and lion dance,在定语从句中作宾语。
Passage 2 (2019北京东城一模, B)词数:422　　In the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools. Wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another. The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox.“Let's go! We can make it back to the river we crossed today!” Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind. But Brady barked a sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. They would never make it through that. The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke, and yet Steve was uneasy. It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river.Suddenly, Zach cried. “Zach!” Steve shouted. “Are you OK? Where are you?” Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope (坡). At its base, Zach was rubbing his ankle.As Steve helped his friend to his feet, Brady lifted his head and snuffed(嗅) the smoke-laden wind. Next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared. The boys shouted for him, but he didn't
come back. Steve couldn't blame Brady for panicking. He himself wanted to run even though he didn't have a clue which way.Steve and Zach hadn't gone far when there was a familiar bark, and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope they'd just climbed. But Steve didn't get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy's jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated. Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle's life when the dog was much younger. Was he still sharp enough to get them through this?Nearby, a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke. Brady pulled again, urgently. “OK, big guy,” Steve gritted (咬紧牙关). Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees. Not far from them fire was touching underbrush. Several times the big dog stopped. Often he changed direc-tions. Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest, but Brady wouldn't have it. The dog bullied both boys to go on. How long they'd walked Steve had no idea. He was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water!
1.What happened to Steve and Zach at first?A.They got injured.B.They lost their dog.C.They were trapped.D.They became separated.2.Brady ran away to　　    .A.seek help　　B.find a way outC.rescue Zach　　D.escape for life3.How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans?A.Uneasy.　　B.Impatient.　　C.Numb.　　D.Uncertain.4.The passage basically describes　　    .A.an adventureB.an explorationC.an escape gameD.a training program
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Steve和Zach因一场大火被困在森林中,最终在一条叫Brady的狗的帮助下逃离险境的故事。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句Steve说的话“Let's go! We can make it back to the river we crossed today!”可知,二人被困在了森林里,他们想找到来时经过的那条河来找到出路,因此本题选C。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句Steve and Zach hadn't gone far when there was a familiar bark, and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope they'd just climbed.可知,Brady自己去前面找出路,发现了前方的出路后,回到Steve和Zach这里,用头撞Steve来暗示他们,因此本题选B。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章第五段倒数第三句The message was clear, but Steve hesitated.可知,Steve对于狗给出的线索有所犹豫,并不是十分确定,对应D选项中的uncertain,故选D。4.A　主旨要义题。根据全文,从开头的两位主人公和一条狗试图找到出路,中间寻找出路的过程以及文章结尾处最终听到水声找到出路可知,这篇文章讲述的是一次冒险,因此本题选A。
高级语块　smoke-laden 烟雾弥漫的
长难句　Steve and Zach hadn't gone far when there was a familiar bark, and Brady came bound-ing, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope they'd just climbed.Steve和Zach还没走远就听见了熟悉的狗叫声,Brady跳着回来了,直接停在Steve的前面用头撞他,把他朝他们刚刚爬过的斜坡那里推。句中第二个and为连词,连接两个并列分句;第二个and连接并列谓语stopped和hit。第三个分句中bounding和pushing为非谓语动词作状语。they'd just climbed为定语从句,修饰the slope。
common to get minor injuries. Because of his condition, Adam has had to miss some Scouting ac-tivities over the years.The first few days of Adam's backpacking in Philmont went smooth. But on the 3rd day, while un-loading his gear at a remote campsite, he felt a sharp pain in his back. Adam told the adult leaders about his back and that he was starting to not feel well. They made the decision to call Philmont base camp to seek medical attention.It was getting dark and threatened rain. Two doctors set out into the night on backcountry roads and then hiked in the last 1/2 mile to find Adam. They did some tests and decided to take him back with them to base camp. It was a tough moment for Adam and for the rest of the scout crew. While Adam returned to base camp, the rest of the boys backpacked on. To encourage Adam, they took one of his shirts with them and took photos of it along the way, which they sent to him.A few days passed and Adam was feeling better. The doctors cleared him to return to the back-country! Finally, Adam finished the trek with his crew. He is now one of the only Boy Scouts with hemophilia to have ever participated in and completed a Philmont Trek.
What encouraged Adam to take on this challenge despite the risk? “I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared. And my parents have always encouraged me to not let hemophilia be the only factor in any decision.”1.What has stopped Adam from participating in some Scouting activities over the years?A.Inadequate trek experience.B.His fear of the wilderness.C.Lack of camping skills.D.His health condition.2.On the 3rd day of the Philmont Trek,　　    .A.Adam needed medical attentionB.the team was caught in the heavy rainC.two doctors hiked all the way to find AdamD.the rest of the boys backpacked on with Adam's shirt
3.Why did Adam participate in this challenging activity?A.He had a love for it.B.He was eager to be a leader.C.He wanted to set a record.D.His parents decided for him.4.Which of the following words can best describe Adam?A.Athletic and ambitious.B.Considerate and fearless.C.Courageous and determined.D.Confident and knowledgeable.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。文章讲述了患有血友病的Adam克服身体上的不适徒步跋涉50多英里的故事。1.D    细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句Adam has hemophilia, a medical condition that can cause severe bleeding from even a slight injury.和最后一句Because of his condition, Adam has had to miss some Scouting activities over the years.可知,多年来Adam缺席童子军一些活动的原因是他患有血友病,轻微的受伤可能让他出血不止,故本题选D。2.A　细节理解题。由文章第四段后三句But on the 3rd day, while unloading his gear at a re-mote campsite, he felt a sharp pain in his back...medical attention.可知,Adam的身体出现了一些问题,需要进行治疗,因此本题选A。3.A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“I thought it would be fun and a good thing to do as long as I was prepared. And my parents have always encouraged me to not let hemophilia be the only factor in any decision.”可知,Adam参与这次对自己身体有挑战性的长途探险是因为自己认为这很有趣,D选项错在父母鼓励他不要因为血友病而阻挡他人生前进的脚步,并不是为他做决定,故选A。4.C　推理判断题。根据全文讲述的Adam虽身患疾病但依然愿意挑战自己的故事可以推知,他是一个有勇气且意志坚定的人。
高级语块　1.on one's own独立地,独自　2.participate in 参加
长难句　Last summer, he, along with 15 other boys from the troop completed scouting's greatest adventure, backpacking over 50 miles in 7 days in the wilderness at the Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico!去年夏天,他和另外15个军队里的男孩一起完成了童子军最艰难的一段探险,他们在新墨西哥的菲尔蒙特童子军牧场的荒野里7天时间里徒步旅行50多英里。本句的主干是he completed scouting's greatest adventure;backpacking...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
Passage 4 (2019北京海淀一模, D)词数:443　　Smile! It makes everyone in the room feel better because they, consciously or unconsciously, are smiling with you. Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry(模仿) allows us to empathize with and even experience other people's feelings. If we can't mirror another person's face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions. A review of this emotion-al mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences.In their paper, Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood, social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin, describe how people in social situations copy others' facial expressions to create emo-tional responses in themselves. For example, if you're with a friend who looks sad, you might “try on” that sad face yourself without realizing you're doing so. In “trying on” your friend's
expression, it helps you to recognize what they're feeling by associating it with times in the past when you made that expression. Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds.“You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you generate some sort of recognition judg-ment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate action—you ap-proach the person or you avoid the person,” Niedenthal says. “Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means.”A person's ability to recognize and “share” others' emotions can be prevented when they can't mimic faces. This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases, like facial paralysis(瘫痪) from a stroke, or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery. Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if you've never
had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed compensatory ways of inter-preting emotions.People with social disorders associated with mimicry or emotion-recognition damage, like autism(自闭症), can experience similar challenges. “There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact,” Niedenthal says.Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expres-sion recognition. A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders.1.According to the passage, facial mimicry helps　　    .A.experience one's own feelings clearlyB.change others' emotions quicklyC.respond to others' expressions properlyD.develop friendship with others easily
2.We can know from Paragraphs 4 and 5 that　　    .A.people with motor diseases may also suffer from autismB.people born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotionsC.people with social disorders can't have eye contact with othersD.people receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in mimicking faces3.According to Niedenthal, the next step of the study will focus on　　    .A.how we can treat brain disordersB.what can be done to regain facial mimicryC.how our brain helps us with emotional mirroringD.what part of our brain helps recognize facial expression4.The passage is written to　　    .A.discuss how people react positively to others' smilesB.draw people's attention to those with social disordersC.introduce a new trend in facial expression recognitionD.explain how emotional mirroring affects people's empathy
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是说明文,解释了情绪反射是如何引发人们的情感共鸣的。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第四句If we can't mirror another person's face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions.可知,如果我们不能模仿他人的表情,这就会限制我们解读并正确回应他人表情的能力,所以表情模仿有助于正确回应他人的表情,故选C。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if you've never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions.可知,天生面瘫的人会有一些其他理解情绪的补偿方式来帮助他们理解体验他人的情感,即他们依然有别的方式可以领悟他人的情感,因此本题选B。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition.可知,Niedenthal的下一步是想要研究大脑的哪一部分是控制面部表情识别的,D选项和该句意思一致,故选D。
4.D　主旨要义题。根据文章首段的主旨句A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences.可知,本文解释的是最新的情感镜像研究,综合全文内容是在解释说明情感镜像和其未来的研究,故本题选D。
高级语块　1.associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起2.take action 采取行动
长难句　Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if you've never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have de-veloped compensatory ways of interpreting emotions.Niedenthal指出这对于那些从出生就面瘫的人来说不太一样,因为如果你一直没有模仿面部表情的能力,你就会形成一些其他理解情绪的补偿方式。本句中that引导宾语从句;who引导定语从句修饰people;because引导原因状语从句。
Group 2Passage 1 (2019北京朝阳一模, B)词数:404Flying HighBarrington Irving made his historic flight and founded an educational non-profit-making organiza-tion. His message for kids: “The only thing that separates you from scientists is determination, hard work and a strong liking for what you want to achieve.” The secret, he believes, is having a dream in the first place, and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers.The moment of inspiration for Irving came at the age of 15 in his parents' bookstore. One cus-tomer, a professional pilot, asked Irving if he'd thought about becoming a pilot. “I told him I didn't think I was smart enough;but the next day he took me to the cockpit (驾驶舱) of the com-mercial airplane he flew, and just like that I was hooked.”To follow his dream, Irving turned down a football scholarship to the University of Florida. He washed airplanes to earn money for a flight school and increased his flying skills by practising at home on a $40 flight simulator (模拟) video game. Then another dream took hold: flying alone
around the world. He faced more than 50 rejections for sponsorship before convincing some com-panies to donate aircraft components. He took off with no weather radar, no de-icing system, and just $30 in his pocket. “I like to do things people say I can't do.”After 97 days, 26 stops and dozens of thunderstorms, he touched down to a cheering crowd in Mi-ami. “It was seeing so many young people watching and listening that pushed me into giving back with my knowledge and experience.” Irving has been doing it ever since. He set up his non-profit-making organization, Experience Aviation (航空), aiming to increase the numbers of youth in aviation and science-related careers. Kids attend programmes dealing with hands-on robotics projects and flight simulator challenges.“We want to create chances for students to accomplish something amazing,” he notes. Perhaps Irving's most powerful educational tool is the example his own life provides. After landing his record-breaking flight at age 23, he said, “Everyone told me I was too young, that I didn't have enough experience, strength, or knowledge. They told me it would take forever and I'd never come home. Well... guess what?”
1.According to Irving, what is the most important in achieving success?A.Meeting people who provide unexpected help.B.Getting a chance to study technical knowledge.C.Having something specific that you want to accomplish.D.Developing communication with different organizations.2.What Irving replied to the pilot in the bookstore suggested that　　    .A.he felt embarrassed to refuse the offerB.he was doubtful about his own abilitiesC.he knew his efforts would be rewardedD.he realized immediately how lucky he was
3.What can we learn about Irving in Paragraph 3?A.He chose to reduce his budget as low as possible.B.He was finally given enough money to keep going.C.He got the most useful flying tips from his video game.D.He took on a further challenge after he knew how to fly.4.Irving set up his non-profit-making organization because　　    .A.he hoped to become a public figureB.he expected to start a business in other fieldsC.he saw there was great interest in what he was doingD.he thought he could teach more than flight schools could
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Barrington年少时有一个飞行梦,他通过努力实现了自己的梦想并希望通过自己建立的组织激励更多孩子追逐梦想的故事。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句The secret, he believes, is having a dream in the first place, and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers.可知,取得成功的秘诀是首先要有一个梦想,句中having a dream和C选项中的Having something specific表述一致,故选C。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Irving所说的话I told him I didn't think I was smart e-nough可知,Irving对自己的能力有所怀疑,故选B。3.D    细节理解题。根据该段第三句Then another dream took hold: flying alone around the world.可知,他在掌握并提高了飞行技术之后又有了一个新的梦想,和D项表述相符,故选D。4.C　主旨要义题。文章开头就表明主旨“实现自己的梦想很重要的一点是要有决心,努力,对想实现的事情有强烈的兴趣”。且这句话提示了他建立了这个非营利性组织的原因。C选项讲的是他对自己所做的事情有着强烈的兴趣,和文章主旨表述一致,因此本题选C。
高级语块　1.turn down 拒绝　2.take off 起飞　3.set up 建立,设立
Passage 2 (2019北京朝阳第一学期期中,C)词数:400　　Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against at-tacks. It is easy to defend a large building, but usually these buildings are not designed with the comfort of a king in mind. When it comes to structures that are both beautiful and defensive, the European castle is a big success.Castles were originally built in England by the Normans in 1066. They built towers and walls to secure the land they had taken. These castles provided the Normans with a quiet and safe place. They also served as bases of operation for attacks. In this way castles served as both defensive and offensive roles. Besides, castles served as offices for governors. Those that were socially beneath the governor would come to report affairs and express their respect. They would address problems, handle business, feast,and enjoy festivities in castles. So castles served as social centers as well.The first castles were made from earth and wood, and they were likely to suffer from attacks by fire. Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of
these towers and walls.However, attackers could throw flaming objects into castles through the windows or burn the wooden doors. This led to moving the windows and entrances off of the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access.During the Middle Ages, attacks increased in regularity,so castle defenses were updated. Arrow-slits were added. They were small holes in the castle,which allowed defenders to fire without being hurt. Towers were built from which defenders could provide fire on both sides. The towers were connected to the castle by wooden bridges, so that if one tower fell, the rest of the castle was still easy to defend. A lot of rings of castle walls were constructed, so that even if attackers went past one wall, they would be caught on a killing ground between inner and outer walls. All of these in-creased the defense of castles.The end of castles can be attributed to gunpowder. During the 15th century, artillery, a kind of large guns, became powerful enough to break through stone walls. This greatly made the role of castles less effective. Though castles no longer serve their original purposes, remaining castles re-ceive millions of visitors each year who wish to experience the situations of ancient times.
1.What was the original function of castles according to the passage?A.They served as tourist attractions.B.They were important social centers.C.They marked religious ceremonies.D.They were built for use in emergencies.2.The reason why wooden castles were replaced by stone castles was that　　    .A.stone castles cost less moneyB.stone castles offered better defenseC.wooden castles were uncomfortableD.wooden castles took a long time to build
3.Which of the following showed an improvement in castle defenses?A.Castles were totally separated by stones.B.Arrow-slits were made in large quantities.C.Rings of walls were built to defend the towers.D.Windows and entrances were moved to the higher floor.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.Fancy Living: Learning about CastlesB.Normans: Bringing Castles to EnglandC.A History of Castles: The Rise and Fall of CastlesD.Defending Castles: Technologies Used to Defend Castles
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章介绍了城堡的发展历史。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第五句In this way castles served as both defensive and of-fensive roles.和最后一句So castles served as social centers as well.可知,最初城堡的用途是防守、进攻和社交,故选B。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls. 可知,石制城堡代替了木头城堡,提高了塔和墙的坚固程度,因此本题选B。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句However, attackers could throw flaming objects into castles through the windows or burn the wooden doors. This led to moving the windows and entrances off of the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access.可知,人们把窗户提高以便更好地防守,故选D。4.C　主旨要义题。本文讲了城堡的发展历史,从最初的实际作用到最后只作观光用,因此选择C项。
高级语块　1.serve as充当,担任　2.address problems解决问题　3.be attributed to 归因于
长难句　Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls. 之后木制城堡逐渐被石头制成的城堡取代,这极大提高了这些塔和墙的坚固程度。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整句话。
tures on social media.But recently, Cook's health declined and she was in and out of the hospital several times. She once spent weeks in the hospital fighting pneumonia(肺炎) and breathing issues. Eventually Cook was told by one of her doctors that she could no longer live at home unless she had 24-hour care. Be-cause Cook had no money saved to pay her health care costs, Chris started a GoFundMe account to help cover her bills. But caretakers are expensive and Cook quickly went through the $34,445 they raised. Knowing her days at home were limited, Chris invited Cook to move in with him to save money. “She loves it! I do most of my work at home so I am here most of the time to care for her,” Chris wrote. “She is my adopted grandmother after all and I am her grandson she never had.” “Cook still has weekly hospice health care visits and regular visits from caregivers, so any funds raised cover those expenses,” he wrote. Though doctors say Cook's days are very limited, the pair are enjoying spending time together, drinking champagne and snuggling with her cat, Hermes, who also made the move.
“She does not want to change,” Chris told Today. “My apartment was the only place she would have moved. She has strong opinions about where she wants to carry out the rest of her days, and she wants to stay here.” Chris says he feels like the relationship is fate. “Moving her in...it feels as though it was meant to be all along,” he said.“It's really fulfilling(让人感觉有意义的) to be there for her.” 1.Chris invited Cook to live with him because she　　    .A.had no other family members B.was unable to afford 24-hour careC.shared similar adventures with him D.was told not to live at home by the doctor2.From the passage, we can learn that Chris　　    .A.worked as an actor for GoFundMeB.was legally adopted as Cook's grandsonC.collected money for Cook's private careD.paid Cook's expensive health care costs3.Which of the following words can best describe Chris?A.Kind and sympathetic.　　B.Optimistic and friendly.C.Patient and enthusiastic.　　D.Warm-hearted and outgoing.
答案    [语篇解读]    本文为记叙文,讲述了演员Chris为身患重病的邻居Cook的医疗保健集资并陪伴她度过人生最后阶段的事。1.B    细节理解题。根据文章第五段But caretakers are expensive and Cook quickly went through the $34,445 they raised.Knowing her days at home were limited, Chris invited Cook to move in with him to save money.可知Chris邀请Cook同住是因为Cook无法承担全天候的看护费,因此本题选择B项。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句Because Cook had no money saved to pay her health care costs, Chris started a GoFundMe account to help cover her bills.可知本题选C项。3.A　推理判断题。文章中描述Chris尽其所能帮助邻居治病并陪伴其左右,根据全文对Chris的描述,我们可以推知Chris是个善良并且有同情心的人,故选A项。
高级语块　all along自始至终;一直
长难句　Though doctors say Cook's days are very limited, the pair are enjoying spending time together, drinking champagne and snuggling with her cat, Hermes, who also made the move. 尽管医生说Cook所剩的时间不多,但是Cook和Chris两人尽情享受在一起的时间,喝香槟,与一同搬过来的Cook的猫Hermes依偎在一起。Though引导让步状语从句;drinking champagne 和snuggling...为并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语;who also made the move为定语从句,修饰cat。
Passage 4 (2018北京西城一模, B)词数:383Most heroes are not super. They don't appear in comic books, on television, or in movies. They just do what they believe needs to be done to make the world a better place. Bike Batman is one of them. Bike Batman is a 30-year-old married engineer who lives in Seattle, Washington. He's a cyclist who also buys and sells bikes as a hobby.About three years ago, he was looking for a bike for his wife. He found one on Craigslist, a web-site where people list things they want to sell. As he often does, he also looked at Bike Index, a popular website that allows users to register their bikes and post reports when they're taken. The bike, which he was considering purchasing, clearly matched one reported stolen on Bike Index. Then he called the person who claimed to be the bike's owner and arranged to meet him. When the
two men met, Bike Batman told the thief, “You've got two options. You can wait until a police officer gets here, or you can just get out of here.” You can imagine what the thief did.After that first success, Bike Batman developed a safer routine. When he sees questionable bike ads on Craigslist, he cross-references the image with bikes reported on Bike Index. Once he has confirmed it with the owner, he will arrange a meet with the thief and call the Seattle police de-partment so that officers can participate in the action. In more than half of the 22 cases in which he has got back and returned bikes, the thieves have been arrested. In one case, Bike Batman even helped a family recover a wide range of prized possessions that suspects had stolen during a home burglary. His nickname came from a discussion with a police officer who suggested he be called “Robin Hood”. Since he wasn't exactly stealing from the rich and giving to the poor, “Batman” seemed a better fit. The idea of a superhero punishing criminals is pretty silly to him,but the main reason why he continues his work is to keep up Seattle's reputation as a friendly city.
1.Bike Batman is　　    . A.a superhero　　B.a website managerC.a Seattle citizen　　D.a police officer2.When Bike Batman discovers a questionable bike, he will first　　    . A.contact the owner of the stolen bikeB.look up the bike's informationC.call the police departmentD.arrange to meet the thief3.Bike Batman helps find the lost bikes to　　    . A.become famous　　B.help poor peopleC.punish bike thieves　　D.build a friendly city4.From the passage, we can learn that　　    .A.Bike Batman felt relieved to see the thieves arrestedB.Bike Batman began his good deeds by accidentC.the police failed to perform their dutiesD.the thieves refused to return the bikes
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。英雄做事情的初衷都是希望这个世界越来越好,文中的主人公也不例外。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Bike Batman is a 30-year-old married engineer who lives in Seattle, Washington.可知本题选择C项。2.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句When he sees questionable bike ads on Craigslist, he cross-references the image with bikes reported on Bike Index.可知,他发现可疑的自行车后首先做的是查找自行车的信息进行确认,故选择B项。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句The idea of a superhero punishing criminals is pretty silly to him, but the main reason why he continues his work is to keep up Seattle's reputa-tion as a friendly city.可知本题选择D项。4.B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,Bike Batman是在网上给妻子买自行车时偶然间看到疑似被偷车辆才开始了他的义举,因此本题选择B项。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018北京西城第一学期期末, B)词数:403Traveling on an airplane can be a very tiring task even in the best of circumstances, which is why when Sophie Murphy boarded a recent flight from Sydney to Melbourne and noticed an “awful tension” in the cabin, she first thought it was caused by typical bad-tempered passengers. But as the flight neared its end, it became obvious that something was very wrong.A teenage boy with Down syndrome(唐氏综合征)who was traveling with his family had become upset and would not return to his seat, regardless of the cabin crew's warnings over the loudspeak-er that it was almost time to land. The pilot was forced to circle above the airport, delaying the landing and angering people on the already tense flight.“If it was a cartoon,” remembered Murphy, “there would have been smoke coming out of peo-ple's ears.”As the boy's elderly parents and adult brothers and sisters tried to persuade him to get off the floor and back into his seat, but in vain, Murphy, 42—who had been a teacher for more than 20 years—
stood up and quickly headed to the back of the plane. She found the boy in the passage between rows of seats, lying on his belly, and lay down on her stomach to face him. She began chatting calmly with him, asking his name, his favorite book, and his favorite characters. He told her he felt sick and she tried to comfort him.Minutes later, he allowed her to hold his hand—and then together they got back into airplane seats. Murphy asked for sickbags and held them as the boy threw up several times, including on her. As she helped him clean up, she repeatedly told him everything would be okay and that they'd get through it together.After the plane was finally able to land, no one was impatient to step off the flight as one might expect. Instead, calmed passengers—obviously following Murphy's amazing example—allowed the boy and his family to depart first, smiling at them as they passed.His parents tearfully thanked Murphy for what she had done, and a doctor sitting nearby also let her know he had even taken note of her expert way of handling the situation.1.The landing was delayed because　　    .A.a family ignored the warningsB.a boy refused to sit in his seat
C.smoke was coming out of the engine D.the pilot was forced to change the destination2.Murphy successfully handled the “awful tension” by　　    .A.fighting against unfair treatmentB.calling on other passengers to join herC.communicating with the boyD.asking an experienced doctor for help3.What changed the angry passengers' attitude at last?A.The boy's improvement.B.The plane's safe landing.C.The crew's behavior.D.The teacher's efforts.4.Which of the following words can best describe Murphy?A.Generous and cautious. B.Patient and enthusiastic.C.Wise and cooperative. D.Kind and cool-headed.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。一位患有唐氏综合征的十几岁的少年在飞机上拒绝回到座位上,导致飞机无法降落。这时Sophie Murphy用自己的方式耐心安抚,劝说这位少年回到座位,还帮助他清理呕吐物,最终使飞机能够成功降落。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知飞机延迟降落是因为一位少年拒绝回到座位。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第五段的描述可知Murphy通过和这位少年耐心交流使他回到了座位,缓解了紧张的氛围。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句Instead, calmed passengers—obviously following Murphy's amazing example—allowed the boy and his family to depart first, smiling at them as they passed.可知乘客转变态度是因为Murphy的努力。4.D　推理判断题。根据文章第五、六段对Murphy行为的描述,尤其是第五段第二句中的She began chatting calmly with him可知Murphy善良又冷静。
高级语块　1.regardless of 不管2.lie down on one's stomach 趴着3.throw up 呕吐
长难句　A teenage boy with Down syndrome who was traveling with his family had become up-set and would not return to his seat, regardless of the cabin crew's warnings over the loudspeaker that it was almost time to land.一个和家人一起旅行的患有唐氏综合征的十几岁的少年变得烦躁,不愿意回到他的座位上,尽管乘务人员在广播中警告飞机马上就要降落了。who was traveling...为定语从句,修饰boy;逗号后为介宾短语作让步状语,其中that it was...为同位语从句,解释说明warnings的内容。
Passage 2 (2018北京丰台第一学期期末, C)词数:381Researchers at Brigham found about one in five teenagers now have some degree of hearing dam-age. The researchers did not say why hearing loss has risen, but other experts have strong suspi-cions. One likely culprit, they say, is MP3 players.An MP3 player can be dangerous to hearing when its decibel level is turned up too high. High-decibel sounds can damage nerve endings, called hair cells. If a sound is loud enough, the damage can be permanent. A loud sound can shake the membrane(薄膜) on which the hair cells sit—“like an earthquake”. That shake can break or even uproot hair cells. When that happens, the hair cells are finished. Human ears cannot regrow hair cells. Therefore, when listening to an MP3 player, set a volume limit and avoid exposure to loud sounds.On the other hand, the loudness of today's music may not be totally under your control. Music companies have been purposely turning up the volume. It's a trend called the fight for loudness.
Play a CD from the 1990s. Then play a newly released tune. Don't touch the volume control. You'll probably notice that the new CD sounds louder than the old one. Why?Sound engineers who create CDs are using dynamic range compression(压缩), a technology that makes the quiet parts of a song louder and the loud parts quieter. The overall effect of compression is a louder recording.Many musicians and sound engineers aren't pleased. They say that compression is driving down the quality of today's music, making it sound flat and blaring. Gray Hobish, a sound engineer, ex-plains that music should be a combination of loudness and softness. But music companies want to make music louder so it will stand out. That's important in the competition among recording com-panies.What about listeners?Many teenagers listen to music on the go, in noisy places and through head-phones, all of which reduce sound quality. So young listeners may not notice the poorer quality of modern recordings. “To their ears,” says Hobish, “the music sounds fine. And they are not aware of the hidden threat of the music they are enjoying.”
1.The phrase “like an earthquake” in Para.2 aims to explain　　    .A.that volume can strongly affect parts of the earB.how our body is unable to regrow hair cellsC.how much damage the ear can avoidD.that hair cells are easily damaged2.What can we learn about today's music business?A.New technology improves the quality of music.B.Young listeners today prefer louder sound.C.Music companies sacrifice quality for loudness.D.Sound engineers face tough competition.3.What is probably the best title for the passage?A.The Loudness WarB.Your Hearing Is Going!C.The Damaged EarsD.Are You a Good Listener?
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章解释了MP3播放器及现在的音乐是如何对青少年的听力造成损害的。1.A　细节理解题。根据A loud sound can shake the membrane on which the hair cells sit及That shake can break or even uproot hair cells.可知本题选A项。2.C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句The overall effect of compression is a louder recording.和第五段第二句They say that compression is driving down the quality of today's music, making it sound flat and blaring.可知本题选C项。3.B　主旨要义题。根据文章第一段和最后一段可知,文章主要在说明用MP3播放器听音乐,特别是现在的音乐,会使青少年的听力受损,故选B项。
高级语块　1.on the go在忙碌2.be aware of 意识到
长难句　Sound engineers who create CDs are using dynamic range compression, a technology that makes the quiet parts of a song louder and the loud parts quieter.制作CD的录音师在使用动态范围压缩技术,这种技术使一首歌低音部分的声音更响,高音部分的声音更小。此句中逗号后的部分为dynamic range compression的同位语,该同位语中that引导定语从句,修饰technology。
Passage 3(2017北京丰台一模, C)词数:441Imagine looking at a view of mountaintops and wondering about the name of each peak. Suddenly, above each mountaintop, a name appears on the sky. The words are not written in smoke by sky-writing planes. The words are actually not in the sky at all. They come from tiny computers in con-tact lenses(隐形眼镜).Computers have become smaller and smaller over the decades. The first computers filled houses. Then transistors(晶体管)and chips allowed computers to become small enough to fit on a desktop, then a laptop and finally a phone. When experimenting with further reductions in size, developers often have to deal with the limits of human eyesight, which control how small the computers can be and still present visible information.One new solution employs microprojectors(微型投影机)to create a readable display(显示)for tiny computers. These machines project computer information onto any surface. Though they are an
impressive breakthrough, there are potential problems. Such public displays can lead to privacy concerns;most people do not want their information displayed on a wall for everyone to see. Be-sides, these projectors are extremely expensive, and their screens give users headaches. Babak Parviz, a researcher at the University of Washington, created another solution:inventing a screen visible only to a person wearing a contact lens. Parviz created a computer in a contact lens that uses the wearer's field of vision as the display. To create the display, Parviz took ordinary soft contact lenses with a wirelessly controlled system. At some point, Parviz says, it will be possible to connect the lens to a remote personal computer device such as a cellphone or a laptop. By look-ing in a certain direction, the wearer sends the computer visual information about what he or she sees. The device then uses this information to point out the names of peaks.These contact lenses are inserted and removed in much the same way as ordinary contact lenses. In addition, the computers in the lenses won't block the wearer's sight at all. Although now the computers are not treating eyesight problems, Parviz hopes that someday the technology will progress to that level.
1.The contact lenses in the text can　　    .A.treat eyesight problemsB.offer beautiful views of nature C.project information on a wall surfaceD.show information about what wearers see2.According to Paragraph 3, the microprojectors　　    .A.put people's privacy at risk B.save computer informationC.cause serious illnesses D.support users' needs3.According to the passage, these contact lenses contribute to　　    .A.saving users' expenses　　B.reducing computers' sizeC.limiting the field of vision　　D.guarding remote computers4.What might be the best title for the passage?A.Tiny Computers, Amazing SightsB.Smaller Lenses, Closer ViewsC.Progress towards ClearnessD.Road to the Small World
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的隐形眼镜。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的最后两句By looking in a certain direction, the wear-er sends the computer visual information about what he or she sees. The device then uses this in-formation to point out the names of peaks.可知本题选择D项。2.A　细节理解题。根据本段的第三、四句Though they are an impressive breakthrough, there are potential problems. Such public displays can lead to privacy concerns;most people do not want their information displayed on a wall for everyone to see.可知本题选择A项。3.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的描述可知,电脑从发明到现在,一直在缩小体积,这种新型的隐形眼镜无疑又缩小了电脑的尺寸,故选择B项。4.A　主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了一种新型隐形眼镜,这种眼镜实际上就是一个小型电脑,人们在戴上这个隐形眼镜时,所看到的东西会大不相同,因此应选择A项。
长难句　Parviz created a computer in a contact lens that uses the wearer's field of vision as the display.Parviz在隐形眼镜上创造出一台电脑,它会用佩戴者的视野来作为显示器。句中的that...display是定语从句,对a computer进行修饰限定。
Passage 4(2017北京石景山一模, C)词数:405Owls and LarksLarks are most likely to be healthy, wealthy and wise, according to the old saying.But those who are early to bed and early to rise do not always have the upper hand, re-searchers say. They have found that night owls are generally brighter and wealthier than those able to get up early in the morning.Experts from the University of Madrid carried out tests on around 1,000 teenagers and found that those who preferred to stay up late proved the kind of intelligence associated with honored jobs and higher incomes. “Larks” or “morning people”, however, often acquired better exam re-sults, possibly because lessons are held at the wrong time of day for night owls. The researchers examined the habits and body clocks of the youngsters to determine whether they liked to stay up late and sleep late in the morning, or preferred to go to bed early and were at their peak in the morning. School performance and inductive(归纳的)intelligence, or problem-solving, were mea-sured and academic grades in the major subjects were also taken into account. The results showed
that evening types scored higher than morning types on inductive reasoning, which has been shown to be a good estimate of general intelligence and a strong indicator of academic performance. They also had a greater capacity to think conceptually as well as analytically. Such abilities have been linked to innovative(创新的)thinking, more admired occupations and better incomes.Famous night owls include President Trump, Obama, Charles Darwin, Winston Churchill, Keith Richards and Elvis Presley. George W. Bush, who is regularly in bed by 10 p.m., Thomas Edison, Napoleon, Condoleezza Rice, who wake at 4:30 a.m., and Ernest Hemingway are among those known as larks. Jim Horne, professor of psychophysiology at Loughborough University, said, “Evening types tend to be the more active and creative types, the poets, artists and inventors, while the morning types are the deducers(推断者), as are often seen with civil servants and ac-countants.” A previous study of US Air Force recruits found that evening types were much better at thinking to solve problems than larks.
1.What does the word “owl” mean in the text?A.A bird of prey that flies at night. B.A kind of person who stays up late. C.A kind of person who gets up early. D.A bird of prey that is a symbol of wisdom.2.The following features belong to night owls EXCEPT that　　    .A.night owls are much healthier, wealthier and wiserB.night owls stay up late and sleep late in the morning C.night owls have a strong ability of inductive reasoningD.night owls are expert in analyzing and innovative thinking3.What's the author's attitude towards night owls?A.Doubtful.　　B.Objective.　　C.Subjective.　　D.Negative.4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?A.The early bird will catch the worm.B.Morning types have a tendency to do some creative jobs.C.Night owls usually do poorer in the examinations than larks.D.President Trump and George W. Bush are models of night owls.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。大家一直推崇早睡早起,对于晚睡的人一般都没有好感,研究表明“夜猫子”也有过人之处。1.B　细节理解题。从文章的第一段和第二段可以看出文章用两种鸟larks和owls代表了两种人,larks指的是早睡早起的人,那owls就正好相反,指的是睡得晚、起得晚的人,因此本题选择B项。2.A　细节理解题。文中并没有提到晚睡晚起的人会更健康,因此A项不符合“夜猫子”的特点。3.B　推理判断题。纵观全文我们能发现,作者只是在客观地陈述研究结果,并没有说出自己的观点,这也是说明文的特点,因此选择B项。4.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第二句“Larks” or “morning people”, however, of-ten acquired better exam results, possibly because lessons are held at the wrong time of day for night owls.可知本题选择C项。
C组  2017—2019年高考模拟·应用创新题组Passage 1 (2019 5·3原创冲刺卷六,A)词数:207Toronto Fashion Week is a festival of fashion, art, music and culture. Located in the most multicul-tural and diverse city in North America, Toronto Fashion Week will occur twice a year drawing na-tional and international designers, entertainers, media and the community to create a touch point where fashion is celebrated.Each season the invaluable support of the Toronto Fashion Week volunteers helps to create and maintain an internationally praised fashion event. In return for the volunteers' commitment, each will receive a wealth of experience, and exposure to the fashion, entertainment and event indus-tries. Volunteers will have the opportunity to work across all areas of the event such as runway, front of house hosts, dressers and production assistants.　　Looking for an experience of a lifetime in the fashion industry? Don't miss the opportunity to volunteer forTORONTO FASHION WEEK
FEBRUARY 5—7, 2019YORKVILLE VILLAGEPLEASE FORWARD YOUR RÉSUMÉ AND COVER LETTER TO:VOLUNTEER@FASHIONMEDIAGROUP.CAPlease include why you would like to be a Toronto Fashion Week volunteer, the qualities you have to offer to our team, your email and phone number. You must be 19+ to apply.Also include your top 3 position choices listed in order from these available positions: Registra-tion, Wayfinders, Front of House Hosts, Runway, Dressers, Production Assistants.Please check back for more information.1.According to the passage, what will the volunteers get as a reward for their work?A.Invaluable support from the event.B.A large amount of experience.C.The chance to be introduced to industries.D.The chance to host the event.
2.If you want to apply to be a volunteer, you should　　    .A.be at least 18 years oldB.have all your qualities included in your réuméC.state your reasons for your application in your résuméD.give your email, phone number and address in your résumé3.Which of the following positions is not available for volunteers?A.Registration.　　B.Runway.C.Designers.　　D.Production Assistants.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文,介绍了多伦多时尚周活动招募志愿者的相关信息。1.B　 细节理解题。由第二段中的In return for the volunteers' commitment, each will receive a wealth of experience...可知志愿者会获得大量的经验。a wealth of...大量的,丰富的。故选B。2.C　 细节理解题。由倒数第三段内容可知在简历中要写明申请当志愿者的原因。故选C。3.C　 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中内容可知选C。
Passage 2 (2019 5·3原创冲刺卷九,C)词数:301I am a perfectionist. I always try to do as much research as possible. For Taxi Driver I did ac-tually drive a cab for a few weeks. It probably wasn't really necessary, but it was something I wanted to do.I've realized how important it is to appreciate the things your parents leave behind. My father, Robert De Niro Snr, died in 1993. Since then, I've kept his studio intact, just the way he left it. I thought about getting rid of it, but my family and I gathered there after his death and realized the reality is different to seeing it in pictures, so it stayed.There is much more opportunity now than when I was starting out. There really was only TV and films made in California. Now the Internet has created so many more opportunities for actors.
I learned a lot about being a father from my father. I knew he loved me. It was important for me to know that, so I know it's important for my kids to know it, too. I give my kids space, but we do spend a lot of time together. I guess I can be firm when necessary. I have four grandchildren and six children so I know what I'm talking about.I understand why people use social media, but I don't. No way! I don't watch much TV or go to the movies either. To me, they're just another distraction. And I have enough of those to worry about without all that stuff as well.Fame is not an issue for me these days. When I was younger, I found the attention difficult to deal with, but I'm mostly OK with it now. I go around quite freely and people may say “hello” or want a photo and that's fine by me.
1.What is the author?A.A perfect researcher.　　B.A cab driver.C.A studio artist.　　D.A devoted actor.2.Which of the following can create more chances for actors?A.Films.　　B.TV.C.Theatres.　　D.The Internet.3.What do we know about the author?A.He has balanced his career and family life.B.He has never thought of doing away with his father's studio.C.He has never been strict with his grandchildren.D.He has thought much of his reputation these days.4.What does the author think of social media?A.They are amusing.　　B.They are attractive.C.They are worrying.　　D.They are positive.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文作者从事业、家庭、子女教育、业余生活等多个角度介绍了自己的个人经历。1.D　推理判断题。根据原文第一段中“For Taxi Driver”和最后一段中“I go around quite freely and...by me.”,可以推断出作者是一位演员,故D选项是正确的。2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知现在互联网的出现为演员们创造了更多机会。今昔对比,故D选项是正确的。3.A　推理判断题。A选项意为“他平衡了自己的事业和家庭生活”。根据原文第一段和第三段,可推知作者对演艺事业的重视与严谨的态度;根据原文第二段和第四段,可推知作者对已故父亲的怀念与爱戴,对下两代子女的教育和深情,作者做到了兼顾事业和家庭,故A选项是正确的。B选项与第二段文意不符;C选项与第四段第五句 “I guess I can be firm when neces-sary.”不符;D选项与第六段第一句“Fame is not an issue for me these days.”不符。4.C　细节理解题。根据原文第五段中“To me, they're just another distraction. And I have e-nough of those to worry about without all that stuff as well.”可知C选项是正确的。A选项意为“它们是有趣的”;B选项意为“它们是吸引人的”;D选项意为“它们是积极的”,都与原文文意不符。