专题08 并列句和状语从句——【冲刺2023】高考英语考试易错题（原卷版+解析版）

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专题08 并列句和状语从句—备战2023年高考英语考试易错题
【导入】
并列连词和状语从句解题思路：
1. 句型判断法：细心审题，对号入座
2. 逻辑判断法：准确理解句意，确定适当连词
技巧1 连词用法要熟记

1.（2017·北京）—Peter, please send us postcards we’ll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
【解析】——Peter，请给我们寄一些明信片，这样我们就能知道你去过哪里。
——没有问题。
根据语境可知，让Peter寄明信片的目的是了解Peter去过哪里，此处表示目的，所以用so连接并列句。注意：不能误填for，如果后半句表示原因可用for，且之前常有逗号隔开。
【答案】so


1．and
用　法
示　例
意为“和，并且”，当连接三个或三个以上并列的成分时，一般在最后两者之间加and，其余用逗号分开
Solid, liquid and gas are the three states of matter.固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。
“go (come, stop等)＋and＋动词原形”中，“and＋动词原形”相当于“in order to＋动词原形”
I'll go and bring back your boots.＝I'll go in order to bring back your boots.我去把你的靴子拿回来。
“动词＋and＋动词”，前后为同一动词，表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”
We waited and waited.我们等啊等。
“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”相当于“if从句＋主句”
Work hard and you will succeed.＝If you work hard, you will succeed.努力工作，你就会成功。
2．or
用　法
示　例
表示选择，意为“或，还是”
Would you prefer tea or coffee？你喜欢茶还是咖啡？
“祈使句＋or(else)＋陈述句”相当于“if…not＋主句”
Dress warmly, or (else) you'll catch a cold.穿暖和点儿，否则你会感冒的。
3．表示对比、转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, whereas, while等。
►He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。
►Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others not.
有一些研究结果令人满意，然而其他的则不然。
【注意】 but还可用于“I'm sorry but…”“Excuse me but…”句式中。
►I am sorry but I won't be able to come tonight.
对不起我今晚不能来。
4．表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for等。
►It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为到处都是湿的。
►The shops were closed, so I didn't get any milk.
商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。
5．when也可用作并列连词，常用于以下句式中：

►I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.
我刚写完作业，Tom就来找我了。
6．both…and…， neither…nor…， not only…but also…等。
►He spoke with both kindness and understanding.
他说话既亲切又善解人意。
►Neither Tom nor Helen is hard­working.
Tom和Helen都不勤奋。


1. （2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.
【解析】考查上下文的逻辑关系。根据语境可知，前后两句之间为转折关系，故把so改为but或yet。
【答案】so→but或yet

2.（2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错）I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.
【解析】考查连词。not only...but also...是固定搭配。
【答案】and→but

3. Xiao Ming took his cellphone to school and① played cellphone in class，so② his head teacher was very angry.He said to Xiao Ming，“Others are studying hard while③ you are playing hard.You either quit school or break the cellphone.④” Xiao Ming didn’t want to break his cellphone but⑤ he couldn’t quit school.He thought to himself，“ Break it，or I will be dismissed.⑥”If he was dismissed，not only would his mother cry but also his father would deliver him a spanking①.
说出划线连词在句中的逻辑意义：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】①and，not only...but (also)...，both...and...，neither...nor...等表并列、顺承或递进关系。②for，so表因果关系。for连接的分句一般不能放在句首。③while作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比。④or，either...or...，not...but...等表选择关系。⑤but，yet，whereas等表转折关系。⑥and，or 表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中。

技巧2 依据句子逻辑确定状语从句引导词

1. （2020·全国卷Ⅲ） ___65___ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___66___ (point) down the river.
【解析】考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。
【答案】When/As


1.【2016·浙江】_______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless
【解析】句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，单数不是所有的影响都是积极的。While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非。故选C。
【答案】C

2.（2017·北京）If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure it out.
【解析】句意： 如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。根据句意可知，空处应用until引导时间状语从句，表示句中的动作"research, study, and talk to other people"一直延续到until引导的从句所表达的时间才结束。
【答案】until

技巧3注意固定句式中的连词

1 . They serve as an important driving force for local economic and social development, while acting as a bridge between Quanzhou ____________ the wider world.
【解析】and　考查并列连词。句意：他们是当地经济和社会发展的重要驱动力，同时也是泉州与世界的桥梁。分析句子结构可知，空处应填并列连词。between...and...为固定搭配，意为“在……之间”，故填and。
【答案】and


1. Some people are able to lose weight on high­protein diets in the short­term but this weight loss is not due to eating more animal protein, ____________ simply due to consuming fewer calories.
【解析】考查连词。句意：有些人能够在短期内通过高蛋白饮食来减肥，但这种减肥并不是因为吃了更多的动物蛋白，而只是因为摄入了更少的卡路里。not...but...为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”，故填but。
【答案】but

2. Life isn't perfect and it's always hard, ____________ we need reminders in our life from friends, authors, bloggers, pastors or our inner spirits to refocus on the things that matter and make us live positively.
【解析】考查连词。句意：生活并不完美，而且总是充满艰辛，因此我们在生活中需要来自朋友、作家、博主、牧师或者我们自己内心的提醒，从而使自己重新关注那些重要的并且可以让我们积极生活的事情。根据句意可知，设空处前后为因果关系，故填so。
【答案】so





基础夯实
考点一 并列连词
常考的并列连词
表示转折、对比关系
but, yet （然而）, while （然而，强调对比或转折）
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，然而我的室友凯特却极有条理。
I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正在开车去伦敦，这时我突然发现自己走错了路。
表示并列关系
and, both...and..., not only... but （also）..., neither...nor...等
表示选择关系
or, either...or..., not but
表示因果关系
so, for（一般不放在句首）
特殊并列连词及并列句
when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
①be about to do sth. when...某人正要做某事，这时突然……
②be on the point of doing sth. when...某人正要做某事，这时突然……
③be doing sth. when...某人正在做某事，这时突然……
④sb. had just done sth. when...某人刚做完某事，这时突然……
“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语

考点二 状语从句
一、时间状语从句
1.when/while/as引导的时间状语从句
when
when引导的从句的谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。
I loved history when I was at school.
我上学时喜欢历史。
while
while引导的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。
Whilesome people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.当一些人被成功的需要驱动的时候,另一些人却被失败的恐惧驱动着。
as
as可表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行,可译为“一边……,一边……;随着……”。
Asthe average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长,有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。

2.表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
1）as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly等
The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy.
我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。
2）在hardly...when..., no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。
3. before, since引导的时间状语从句
1）before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...要过/过了……时间才……；②It won’t be/wasn’t＋一段时间＋before...要不了多久就/没过多久就……。
If you miss this chance, it will be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这个机会,那要过很多年你才能获得另一个。
2）since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句（常用过去时）。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常为一般现在时、现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道，自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。
4.till/until引导的时间状语从句
主句是肯定句时，until/till表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；主句是否定句时，not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。
If you don’t understand something, you may research and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你不理解某事，你可以去调查并和其他人讨论，直到你把它弄明白。
5. every time，each time, next time, the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句
By the time you have finished this book, your meal will get cold.等你看完这本书,你的饭就凉了。
二、让步状语从句
1. although, though, as和while引导的让步状语从句
Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。
Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.夜晚的空气虽然很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后我们太累了。
易错提示
1）though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句用倒装语序：表语/状语/谓语中的实义动词＋as＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。
2）while引导的让步状语从句一般置于句首。
2. even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn’t get much exercise.尽管蒂姆不怎么锻炼，但他身体状态很好。
3.“疑问词-ever”引导的让步状语从句
“疑问词-ever”引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter+疑问词。
However/No matter how hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不管你多么努力，不减少饭量，减肥很难。
4.whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“不管是……还是……”。该复合连词引导的让步状语从句表示正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。
All people, whether they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.所有人，无论年老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。
三、其他状语从句
条件状语从句
if, unless（如果不,除非）, so/as long as（只要）, on condition that（条件是）, in case（万一）, supposing（假如）, provided/providing（如果）
You won’t get paid for time off unless you have a doctor’s note.除非你有医生的证明，否则你不上班便拿不到工资。
He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些能够拍成好照片的东西。
As/Since you were out, I left a message.你不在，所以我留了一张字条。
I found all the missing things where I had left them.我在丢东西的地方找到了所有丢失的东西。
原因状语从句
because, as, since, now that, considering that （考虑到,鉴于）
目的状语从句
so that, in order that, in case （以防）
结果状语从句
so that, so...that..., such...that...
地点状语从句
where, wherever
方式状语从句
as（按照）, as if/as though（好像）
比较状语从句
than, not as/so...as...


模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1．Take a taxi, you'll miss your train.
A．and B．if C．otherwise D．but
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：打车吧，否则你会错过火车的。A.and并且；B.if如果；C.otherwise否则；D.but但是。说话者让对方打车，如果不这样的话就会错过火车。所以表达的意思为“否则”。故选C。
2．Don’t use your mobile phone while charging, ______ you may be shocked by electricity.
A．or B．and C．but D．yet
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：不要边充电边使用手机，否则可能会被电击。A. or否则，不然；B. and并且；C. but但是；D. yet然而。此题考查在特定语境下使用“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型的能力，侧重点是对连接词的考查。如果用and连接的并列句，前一分句表示一种条件或假设， 相当于if条件状语从句，后一分句表示一种结果或推论。如果用 or表示“否则”、“要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换，从反面来预测结果。结合后文you may be shocked by electricity.可知此处应用or。故选A。
3.Nearly three months had gone by _________ the seriously injured girl showed a slight sign of recovery.
A．until B．before
C．since D．after
【答案】B
【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：将近3个月过去了，受伤严重的女孩才显示出一点轻微的恢复的迹象。A. until直到；B. before在……前；C. since自从；D. after在……后面。根据语境可知，在恢复前已经过去的三个月，应用连接词before。故选B。
4.Though it is 5 years________ he retired from his work place, the old professor remains active in the academic circles.
A．when B．that C．before D．since
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定句型和连词辨析。句意：虽然自从他退休已经5年了，但这位老教授在学术界仍然很活跃。A. when当；B. that那个，连词；C. before在......之前；D. since自从。“ It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时”是固定句型，表示“自从……以来多长时间”，根据句意，故选D。
5.________ he passed away in 1961, Mei Lanfang had been performing and encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost 60 years.
A．Once B．As C．Until D．Since
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：直到1961年去世，梅兰芳一直表演并鼓励传播京剧近60年。A. Once一旦；B. As当……的时候；C.Until直到；D.Since自从……以来。根据“had been performing” 可知，直到去世，梅兰芳一直表演并传播京剧。故选C。
6．________ everyone has left the party, we need to start cleaning.
A．Before B．Whenever C．Now that D．In case
【答案】C
【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然大家都离开了聚会，我们需要开始打扫了。A. Before之前；B. Whenever无论何时；C. Now that既然；D. In case以防。分析句意可知，前后句是因果关系，用now that引导原因状语从句。故选C项。
7．______ you have the chance to prove your abilities, why not make full use of it?
A．Even if B．As soon as C．Now that D．As long as
【答案】C
【解析】考查从属连词辨析。句意：既然你有机会证明你的能力，为什么不充分利用它呢？A. Even if即使，虽然；B. As soon as一……就……；C. Now that既然；D. As long as只要。结合句意可知，此处应用now that引导原因状语从句。故选C项。
8．Several years later, Helen and Zhou Mei met again in New York and they picked up their friendship ________ it left off.
A．where B．what C．how . D．when
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：几年后，海伦和周梅在纽约又见面了，他们的友谊重新开始于当初停止的地方。分析句子结构以及句意可知，此处用引导地点状语的连词，表示“他们的友谊在当初停止的地方又恢复了”，所以用where引导，故选A。
9．1 study Italian ________ I would be able to read Dante in the original.
A．so that B．even though C．in case D．as if
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：我学习意大利语，这样我就能读到但丁的原著。A. so that以便；B. even though即使；C. in case以防；D. as if好像。分析可知，空处引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”。故选A项。
10．—What do you think of the teacher?
—______she is elegant, she can be extremely difficult to deal with.
A．Even if B．As C．Because D．While
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：——你认为这个老师怎么样？——虽然她举止优雅，但有时很难对付。A. Even if即使；B.As当……时候，尽管；C. Because因为；D. While虽然，尽管。“elegant”和“extremely difficult”形成转折关系，需用while引导让步状语从句，as引导让步状语从句需要部分倒装。故选D。
11．________ a great many people like the convenience of using WeChat to communicate with each other, too many junk messages on it may make them bored.
A．How B．When C．Since D．While
【答案】D
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：虽然很多人喜欢使用微信交流的便利，但上面太多的垃圾信息可能会让他们感到无聊。A. How如何；B. When当……时候；C. Since既然；D. While在……期间，虽然。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用while。故选D。
12．A number of high buildings have arisen________ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
【答案】A
【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意：一年前一片废墟的地方出现了许多高楼。arise后要接地点状语，所以用where来引导地点状语从句，修饰前面的主句。故选A项。
13．We will go camping this weekend ________ the weather is good.
A．so long as B．as far as C．for fear that D．now that
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：只要天气好，这个周末我们就去露营。A. so long as只要；B. as far as至于；C. for fear that生怕，以免；D. now that既然。引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”应用so long as。故选A。
14．1 have heard many young people say they never fully appreciated their mothers________it was too late to tell them.
A．as B．that C．until D．when
【答案】C
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我听许多年轻人说，他们从来没有好好感谢母亲的苦心，直到告诉她们时已经为时已晚。根据前面的否定词never 和后面的“it was too late to tell them”可知，此处表示“直到……才”。故选C。
15．________rich one may be. there is always something one wants.
A．Whatever B．Whenever C．However D．Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：无论一个人有多富有，他都会有需要的东西。A. Whatever 无论什么；B. Whenever 无论何时；C. However 无论什么；D. Wherever 无论哪里。由语意可知，however在此引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how，修饰形容词rich用副词，排除A项。故选C项。
16．We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
A．unless B．once C．whether D．because
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。A.unless除非；B.once 一旦；C.whether无论；是否；D.because 因为。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的or ，需要表示“无论是…还是…”，whether符合题意。故选C项。
17． things had been tough when he was in school, he graduated from college with the highest honor.
A．If B．While C．Because D．As
【答案】B
【解析】考查从属连词。句意：尽管他在学校的时候情况很艰难，但他以最高荣誉从大学毕业。A. If 如果；B. While 尽管；虽然；C. Because 因为；D. As 当……时候。根据句意和所给选项，用“尽管”合适，此处while引导让步状语从句，故选B。
18．I only take on work that excites me it means turning down lots of money.
A．as if B．in case C．now that D．even if
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我只做那些让我感兴趣的工作，即使这意味着要少赚很多钱。A. as if好像；B. in case万一；C. now that既然；D. even if即使。引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”应用even if。故选D。
19．—Mike is ___________ honest boy that all of us like him.
A．such B．so C．such an D．so an
【答案】C
【解析】考查结果状语从句。句意：Mike是一个如此诚实的孩子，以至于我们都很喜欢他。空后是名词短语honest boy；此处是“such + a/an + adj. +单数可数名词+that”结构；honest的发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an；so 后接形容词或副词；如果是so，应表达为so honest a boy。故选C。
20．_______ I’m willing to help, I don’t have much time available.
A．As B．While C．As though D．Since
【答案】B
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我很愿意帮忙，但我没有多少时间。A.As 由于，尽管；B.While虽然……但是……； C.As though好像，仿佛； D.Since自从，由于。由句意可知，前后为让步关系，所以空处应用表示让步的从属连词引导让步状语从句，C项引导方式状语从句，排除；D项引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句，排除；选项 A和B可用于引导让步状语从句，As引导让步状语从句时需倒装，本句为陈述句，排除A项，故选B项。
21．If you don’t grasp this chance, it may be years ______ you get another one.
A．before B．since C．until D．unless
【答案】A
【解析】考查从属连词词义辨析。句意：如果你不抓住这个机会，你可能需要很多年（之后）才能得到另一个机会。A. before在……以前；B. since自从；C. until直到；D. unless除非。根据句意可知，这里指的是，在你得到另一个机会之前需要很多年，before在此语境下可翻译为“过……（之后）才”，故用before。故选A项。
22．--- How long will it be ________ your brother attends university?
--- Half a month.
A．since B．before C．until D．when
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：——还要多久你弟弟才上大学？——半个月。A. since 自从，因为；B. before 在......之前；C. until直到；D. when当。分析句子可知，此处考查固定句型：It will be + 时间段+ before“还要......才......”。故选B。
23．We were all confused why he left the job____he was so well paid in that big company.
A．if B．until C．once D．when
【答案】D
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我们都不明白为什么他在那家大公司的工资那么高，却要辞掉那份工作。根据句意，他是在工资很高的时候离开公司的，所以让我们困惑，所以是“当......时候”，故选D项。
24．If you are travelling ____________ customs are really foreign to you, please do as the Romans do.
A．where B．when C．that D．which
【答案】A
【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意：如果你旅行的地方的风俗习惯对你来说真的很陌生，那么请入乡随俗。where引导地点状语，相当于in the place where…，表示“在……地方”。故选A。
25．Two years ago, a new school was set up_________there had once been a factory.
A．that B．when C．which D．where
【答案】D
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：两年前，一所新学校在曾经是工厂的地方建立起来了。引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”应用where。故选D。
Ⅱ、语法填空
1._____________difficulties we meet, we can work them out. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Whatever
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决。根据句意，可知用whatever引导让步状语从句，whatever表示“无论什么”之意。故填Whatever。
2.Being equipped with rich experience,____________it is from books or practice, will make him well prepared for his future career. (用适当的单词填空)
【答案】whether
【解析】考查连词。句意：拥有丰富的经验，无论是来自书本还是实践，都将让他为未来的职业生涯做好准备。根据语境，from books与practice之间为选择关系，所设空与or构成固定搭配，whether … or…意为“无论是…还是…”，故填whether。
3.The Xiamen of today is still changing, so rapidly, in fact, _________________maps of the city become outdated almost as soon as they_________________(publish). (用适当的单词和所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】that；are published
【解析】考查结果状语从句的引导词和语态。句意：今天的厦门仍然在变化，变化如此之快，事实上，这个城市的地图几乎刚一出版就过时了。根据so rapidly可知此处要用that引导结果状语从句；时态是一般现在时，主语they指的是maps of the city，与publish之间是被动关系，因此要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填①that②are published。
4． The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. ________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.
【答案】When/If
【解析】考查时间/条件状语从句。句意：这位母亲像人类一样，用它的前爪握着幼崽，如果/当它哭的时候，她会前后摇动，轻轻地拍它。题干中表示“当…时候”或“如果…”故填When/If。
5． Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
【答案】as/when
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为＂当……的时候＂，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。
6.Senior citizens are the first to come to our mind when you think of hearing loss, but in a recent report, hearing professionals worry teenagers will soon outnumber aging adults ______ it comes to living with hearing loss.
【答案】when
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：当提到听力丧失时，我们首先想到的是老年人，但在最近的一份报告中，听力专家担心，就听力丧失而言，青少年的数量将很快超过老年人。本句为句型when it comes to sth当谈及某事，故填when。
7.They put on protective suits and gloves______they entered the building.
【答案】before
【解析】考查连词。句意：他们在进入大楼前穿上了防护服和手套。根据句意，此处为时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”应用before。故填before。
8．My mother is always warning me when I go out, “Don't get off the bus ________ it is running．”
【答案】while　
【解析】句意：我出去的时候，妈妈总是警告我：“不要在车还在走的时候下车。” 此处while意为“当……的时候”。
9．I had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly, and my son rushed out to greet me．
【答案】when　
【解析】句意：我刚一(几乎还没有)按门铃，门突然就被打开了，我儿子就冲出来迎接我。hardly/scarcely ．．． when，表示“一……就，刚刚……就”。
10．I won't lend you my car ________ you promise you will not drive after drinking．
【答案】unless　
【解析】句意：我不会把我的车借给你，除非你保证不会酒后开车。根据句意可知，此处表示“除非”，因此用unless。
11．He had to sell his luxury car, ________ his company was in debt．
【答案】for　
【解析】句意：他不得不卖掉自己的豪车，因为他的公司负债了。for “因为”。根据句意可知这里表示原因，且为补充说明。
12.It will be often a long time ______your friend fully removes that memory，so don't be disappointed if it doesn't happen immediately.
【答案】before
【答案】考查连词。句意：通常经过很长的一段时间之后，你的朋友才会完全忘掉这段记忆，所以如果他没有马上忘掉这段记这段记忆，你不要失望。It will be＋一段时间＋before...表示“多久之后才……”，故用连词before。
13.He knew that cholera would not be controlled ______its cause was found.
【答案】until
【解析】考查连词。他知道只有找到霍乱的起因霍乱才能得到控制。此处考查not...until...。故用连词until。
14.Today, he is so good at woodcarving ______his home city allows him to work his magic on old tree stumps and so far about 40 works of art have been created in the local parks.
【答案】that
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如今，他的木雕技艺如此高超，家乡的城市允许他在老树桩上施展他的魔法，到目前为止，当地的公园已经创作了大约40件艺术品。此处为so…that…句型，引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
15.The fear is that ______we don’t start taking this litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant threat to active satellites.
【答案】if
【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果我们不尽快将这种垃圾带出天空，它将对现役卫星构成重大威胁。句子主系表结构，The fear是主语， that引导表语从句，后半句根据句意，是条件状语从句，如果我们不尽快将垃圾带出去，垃圾将对现役卫星构成重大威胁。故填if。
16.We must learn by using the language. ______we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.
【答案】If
【解析】考查连词。句意：如果我们只满足于记住几条规则，那我们就不是真正在学习这门语言。根据句意可知前后句之间是一种假设关系，用连词If引导条件状语从句。故填If。
Ⅲ、短文填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
For ages, embroidery（刺绣）1．（know）as a woman’s job. However, like any good fashion designer, Zhang Yan dares to be different. In the last three months, the 25-year-old’s work has hit New York and changed the impression about men and needlework. His show in New York was called Fusheng，2．means “a floating life”. It3．（feature）thin silk and Suzhou embroidery. Zhang explained his method and technique4．the reporter of CGTN. He used a firm, transparent silk to symbolize the two characteristics of5．（flexible）and steadiness. These refer to the two periods of our lives-when we are young and when we grow up.
In the show, about 100 children came up to the catwalk with Chinese classical music. They wore clothes with traditional Chinese patterns,6．goldfish and dragons, symbolizing good luck and strength.
Zhang’s path to success is not easy. It’s a journey full of sweat and tears.7．（inspire）by museum pieces, Zhang has spent about four years learning to embroider on qipao. Zhang wants to bring embroidery to the world of high design,8．（give）full play to the classical beauty.9．handling the tiny needle with his big hands wasn’t easy at first, after three to five years of practice, Zhang said he had10．（great）improved his work, in terms of both appearance and detail. “I’m trying to be enthusiastic, stay interested and keep moving on and on.”
【答案】1．has been known2．which3．featured4．to5．flexibility6．like7．Inspired8．giving9．Though/ Although10．greatly
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作为传统工艺的刺绣向来是女孩子们做的针线活。而90后大男孩张彦却打破了这一刻板印象，将刺绣带出国门，让全世界领略刺绣的古典之美。
1．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：刺绣多年来都被视为为女人从事的工作。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语动词；再结合时间状语For ages，此处需用现在完成时；又因主语embroidery与动词know之间是动宾关系，所以需用被动语态；主语embroidery为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应填第三人称三单数形式；再结合提示词know。故填has been known。
2．考查非限定性定语从句。句意：他在纽约展示了名为“浮生”的展品，它意味着 “漂浮的生活”。分析句意及句子结构可知，空处应填关系代词引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为Fusheng在从句中做主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
3．考查动词时态。句意：它的特色是薄丝绸和苏绣。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语动词；根据上下文语境可知，应该用一般过去时；再结合提示词feature。故填featured。
4．考查介词。句意：张彦向中国国际电视台的记者解释了他的方法和技巧。分析句子结构可知，空处考查介词，此处应用介词to和前面的动词explain构成搭配，意为“向……解释”。故填to。
5．考查名词。句意：他用坚实、透明的丝绸来象征柔韧和稳定的两大特点。根据空前有介词of，空后有and+名词，所以空处应填名词和空后的名词并列作介词of的宾语；再结合提示词flexible。故填flexibility。
6．考查介词。句意：他们穿着带有中国传统图案的衣服，像金鱼和龙，象征着好运和力量。分析句子结构可知，空处考查介词构成介词短语在句中做状语；结合句意“像金鱼和龙”，应填介词like。故填like。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：受博物馆藏品的启发，张彦花了大约四年时间学习旗袍刺绣。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词has spent，设空处应填非谓语动词构成非谓语动词短语在句中作状语；又因inspire与逻辑主语Zhang之间是动宾关系，应填过去分词形式；结合提示词inspire。故填Inspired。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：张彦想把刺绣带到高级设计的世界里，充分发挥古典美。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词wants，设空处应填非谓语动词构成非谓语动词短语在句中作状语；又因give与逻辑主语Zhang之间是主谓关系，应填现在分词形式；结合提示词give。故填giving。
9．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然一开始用他的大手拿着小针并不容易，但经过三到五年的练习，他说他的作品在外观和细节上都有了很大的进步。分析句意及句子结构可知，空处应填连词引导的让步状语从句，所以填连词Though或 Although。故填Though/ Although。
10．考查副词。句意：虽然一开始用他的大手拿着小针并不容易，但经过三到五年的练习，他说他的作品在外观和细节上都有了很大的进步。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词形式修饰动词improved，再结合提示词great。故填greatly。

真题演练
【2022年】
1（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, __________ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。
2（2022新高考II卷）He hung on for a few minutes ___________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
【答案】and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
A．unless B．once C．whether D．because
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。A.unless除非；B.once 一旦；C.whether无论；是否；D.because 因为。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的or ，需要表示“无论是…还是…”，whether符合题意。故选C项。
2．（2021·天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.
A．whether B．why C．what D．when
【答案】B
【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所…的事儿；D. when什么时间，…的时间。分析句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。
3. （2021·全国乙卷短文改错）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dishes after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
【答案】 whatever→whenever
【解析】考查连词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。根据句意可知，此处表达“有必要时我也会打扫自己的卧室”，所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。
4.（2021·浙江1月卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 28． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 29． gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 30． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 31． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 32． 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 33． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 34． (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 35．(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 36． (live) in the countryside, including 37． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】
28．and
29．that/which
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。
28．考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
29．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
【2020年】
1.（2020·江苏卷）They decide to have more workers for the project ____ it won’t be delayed.
A. even if B. as if C. now that D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免耽搁。A. even if即使；B. as if好像；C. now that既然；D. so that为了。空后it won’t be delayed是前面采取措施的目的，应使用so that引导目的状语从句。故选D。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ they need medical assistance.
A. if only B. as if C. even though D. in case
【答案】D
【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only要是…多好；B. as if好像，仿佛；C. even though即使，尽管；D. in case以备，以防，免得。故选D。
2.【2019·天津卷】Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wants their support.
A. since B. once
C. unless D. after
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。since因为；once一旦；unless除非；after在……之后，根据题意，故选C。
3.【2019·新课标I卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
4.【2019·新课标II卷】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
5.【2019·新课标III卷】On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
【答案】so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
【2018年】
1.【2018·江苏】_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
A. Once B. Unless C. If D. When
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When当……时候。故选B。
2.【2018·天津】 Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A.ever since自那时起；B.as if好像；C.even though尽管；D.so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用sothat引导。故选D。
3.【2018·北京】_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管；while当……时候，尽管，然而；if如果；until直到。故C选项正确。
【2017年】
1.【2017·北京】If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.
A. because B. though C. until D. since
【答案】C
【解析】A.because因为；B.though尽管；C.until直到；D.since目从。如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意可知选用until，直到，选C。
2.【2017·北京】______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because
【答案】C
【解析】A.Once 一旦；B.If 如果；C.Although尽管；D.Because因为。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系，故选C。
3.【2017·北京】—Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
A. but B. or C. for D. so
【答案】D
【解析】A. but 但是 B. or 或者 C. for 因为 D. so因此 句意： Peter，请给我们寄明信片，因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过，根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系，故用so，选D。
4.【2017· 江苏】Located _______ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
A. why B. when C. which D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查状语从句。be located in+地点名词，位于坐落某地，where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place，故选D。句意：位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查状语从句。句意：即使是九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as只要，引导条件句；B.as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即使，引导让步状语从句；D.in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。
2.【2016·北京】I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.
A. so B. and C. for D. but
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查并列连词。句意：我不害怕明天，因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。so后跟结果；and表并列关系；for补充说明原因；but表转折。故选C。
3.【2016·江苏】______some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
A. Because B. If C. Unless D. While
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词。连词because因为；if如果；unless除非，如果不……；while尽管；然而；当时；句意：尽管一些人被成功的渴望驱使着，但是其他人却被失败的恐惧驱使着前进。根据句意可知上下文之间存在转折关系，所以使用“while尽管……”连接。故D项正确。
4.【2016·天津】 ______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While
【答案】C
【解析】句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老人要照顾。untess除非；until直到；as因为，正如，随着；while虽然，然而，当.….时候。根据语境，故选C。
5.【2016·浙江】_______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless
【答案】C
【解析】句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，单数不是所有的影响都是积极的。While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非。故选C。
6.【2016·北京】I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
A. because B. before C. unless D. until
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查原因状语从句。句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能让我放松，使我不去想其它的事情。前后是因果关系，故选A。


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