专题09 情态动词和虚拟语气——【冲刺2023】高考英语考试易错题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份专题09 情态动词和虚拟语气——【冲刺2023】高考英语考试易错题（原卷版+解析版），文件包含教师版专题09情态动词和虚拟语气冲刺2023高考英语考试易错题docx、学生版专题09情态动词和虚拟语气冲刺2023高考英语考试易错题docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。

易错题
【导入】
情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”
注意一：若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。
注意二：一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的if虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。
技巧1 意义和语气判断法
1. (浙江卷)Gerge ____________(nt g) t far. His cffee is still warm.
[分析] can't/culdn't have gne 由下文的“His cffee is still warm.”可以看出，乔治应该是刚离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，故填can't/culdn't have gne。
【答案】 can't/culdn't have gne
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。
1. Jim says we ______ stay in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. mustB. canC. needD. shuld
2. Yu ____________ have sclded him fr his pr perfrmance. After all, he had dne his best.
A. mustB. shuldC. mustn’tD. shuldn't
技巧2时间判断法
1. (天津卷)I wish I ____________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was n a business trip in New Yrk then.
【解析】句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语last Tuesday可知，动作发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构，故填had been。
【答案】had been
虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。
1. The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accmplishedB. had accmplished
C. wuld accmplishD. wuld have accmplished
2. Actually, I start t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld, I have lng been ut f practice.
基础夯实
考点01 情态动词的基本用法
1） can，culd与be able t
1．表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。
2）may与might
1．表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t，表示＂不可以＂＂禁止＂＂阻止＂之意。
2．＂may/might as well＋动词原形＂意为＂最好，倒不如＂，may/ might well＋动词原形，意为＂很可能＂。
3） must与need
1．must用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。 need＂需要，有必要 ＂，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
2. need也可用作行为动词，＂需要, 有必要＂，可以用于各种句式中。
【巧学妙记】
4) will与wuld
1．表示请求、建议等，wuld比will委婉客气。
2．will和wuld表示意志、愿望和决心。
3．will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有＂总是＂或＂总要＂之意。
5) shall，shuld与ught t
1．shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
2．shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
3．shuld表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。
4．ught t表示应该。
5．shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的＂应该＂。
考点02 情态动词表推测的用法
1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为＂有时会＂；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为＂可能＂，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can’t意为＂不可能＂，语气很强烈。
2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为＂有可能＂；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may nt意为＂可能不＂，表示一种不太确定的语气。
3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为＂一定，必定＂，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/culd)。
4．shuld用来表示推测时意为＂应该＂，即含有＂按道理来说应当如此＂的意思。
考点03 ＂情态动词＋have dne＂的用法
1.＂must have dne＂
表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
2.＂can’t have dne＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
3.＂can have dne＂
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
4.＂culd have dne＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He culd have passed the exam, but he was t careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
5.＂may have dne＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。
6.＂might have dne＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
7.＂wuld have dne＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
8.＂shuld have dne＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shuldn’t+have+dne＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
9.＂ught t have dne＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂shuld have dne＂用法基本一样。
10.＂need have dne＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have dne＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
考点04 if条件句中的虚拟语气
1）if条件句中的虚拟语气
2）错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
3）省略if的倒装句
在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，shuld提到句首，变为倒装句式。
4）含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中。
（1）用but fr 、withut(如果没有）等来代替条件从句。
（2）用therwise、r(r else)、even thugh等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。
（3）虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。
考点05 从句中的虚拟语气
1）．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中
常见的动词有：demand，rder，require，insist，suggest，prpse，advise，request，urge，cmmand，prefer，desire，recmmend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为＂shuld＋动词原形＂，shuld可以省略。
2）．用于主语从句中
常见句型：It is imprtant/necessary/urgent/essential/ ... + that...
It is sb’s rder/desire/suggestin/advice/ ... + that...
It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/ ... + that
从句谓语形式：（shuld+）动词原形
3）．用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestin，prpsal，rder，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是＂shuld＋动词原形＂，shuld可以省略。
4）．wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式（be一律用were。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + wuld/culd + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + wuld/shuld/culd/might +动词原形。
5）．wuld rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为＂宁愿；但愿＂。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
6）．在＂It is (abut/high) time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂shuld＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，注意shuld不可省略。
7）．as if，as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
8）．if nly引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1.Pr Mr. Perkins had t wait patiently until his car was the nly ne that ______ in the parking lt.
A. leftB. wuld leaveC. was leftD. had been left
2.I __________ t give yu just a surprise quiz but n secnd thught I chse t let yu reflect n yur exercises.
A. had intendedB. has intendedC. intendedD. has been intended
3. I hate t say this but yu need t stp ding things like this because they __________ me all the time.
A. disturbB. have disturbedC. disturbedD. are disturbing
4.Charlie's wheelchair ______ ut f pwer. He drve it int my ffice and lked fr a place t charge it.
A. runB. have runC. had runD. was running
5.— Yu really did a gd jb,Rbert!
— I was just ding my jb and anyne in my psitin___________the same like me.
A. might dB. culd dC. shuld have dneD. wuld have dne
6.They might have fund a better htel if they _________ a few mre kilmeters.
A. drve B. wuld drive C. were t drive D. had driven
7. If the new safety system ________ t use, the accident wuld never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put
C. shuld be put D. wuld be put
8.I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing ne, I __________.
A. were injured B. wuld be injured
C. had been injured D. wuld have been injured
9.If we ___________the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. wuld catch
10.If it_________ fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
A. had nt beenB. shuld nt be
C. were nt t be D. shuld nt have been
11._______nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
12.What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we _________a gd time tgether.
A. hadB. will haveC. wuld have hadD. had had
13.I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm nt sure.
A. shuld leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. culd have left
14.Withut his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famus nvel A Farewell t Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wuldn’t write D. wuldn’t have written
Ⅱ、单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误, 请标出并改正。
（一）
1.1f my brther was here，everything wuld be all right.
2. If he hadn’t been caught in the strm yesterday, he will nt be ill nw.
3. Therefre we strngly suggested that similar events are held every year. bad la
4. The answer sheet must cut frm the newspaper and sent t China Daily after the deadline.
5. We must fund ways t prtect ur envirnment
6. Sme peple wh dn’t like t talk much are nt necessarily shy; they must just be quiet peple.
7. ---It’s the ffice! S yu may knw eating is nt allwed here.
--Oh, srry.
8. If yu made better use f yur time, yu might have learned mre.
9. Eye dctrs recmmend that a child’s first eye exam was at the age f six mnths ld.
10. It mustn’ t be the vcabulary that caused yu the prblem in the exercise because yu knw a lt f wrds.
（二）
1.I’d rather yu saw the film yesterday.
2.It is time that I g t pick up my daughter at schl.
3.I wish I knew the truth f the matter.
4.If yu listened t the dctr，yu wuld be all right nw.
5.Yu culd d better，but yu didn’t try yur best.
6.If we tk the ther rad，we might have arrived earlier.
7.He suggested that we tk the teacher’s advice.
8.If he had been studying hard，he wuld wrk in the ffice nw.
9.But fr the rain，we shuld have a pleasant jurney.
10.If nly I have read the bks n reading list befre I attended the lecture.
Ⅲ、语法填空
1.The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess 61． (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
2.＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 68． (cnstruct) .＂
3.The parts f a museum pen t the public 40． (call) galleries r rms.
Ⅳ、短文填空
（一）
Miss Fang culdn’t read fr very lng withut getting a headache. Her mther tld her that she __1__g t the Health Service and see a dctr.＂Yu shuld see a dctr as sn as pssible，＂ she said.＂Yu __2__need glasses.＂
When Miss Fang had free time, she went t the Health Service. The appintment clerk said that the dctr __3__see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she wuld nt be able t be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.＂The dctr __4__take yu at abut ten t fur，＂ the appintment clerk suggested.
＂__5__I put yu dwn fr ten t fur，r wuld yu rather cme tmrrw？＂
Miss Fang thught she __6__(nt) waste any mre time. The teacher shuldn’t be unhappy if she asked fr permissin t leave the class a little early, as he was always s kind t everyne. And she replied, ＂I think I __7__make it at ten t fur.＂
Miss Fang went t the class. She asked her teacher, ＂__8__I leave at 3：45 tday？I __9__have an eye examinatin.＂ As expected, the teacher said, ＂Yes, f curse yu __10__.＂
真题演练
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）It used t be that yu ___drive fr miles here withut seeing anther persn, but nw there are huses and peple everywhere.
A．needB．shuldC．culdD．must
【2020年】
1.（2020·天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. mustB. canC. needD. shuld
2.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. wn’t beB. wuldn’t have beenC. wuldn’t be D. shuldn’t have been
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we _________a gd time tgether.
A. hadB. will haveC. wuld have hadD. had had
2.【2019·天津卷】The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accmplishedB. had accmplished
C. wuld accmplishD. wuld have accmplished
【2018年】
1.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the bks withut the wner’s permissin.
A. wuld B. shuld
C. culd D. might
2.【2018·江苏】There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I _______ a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
A. had B. will have
C. wuld have had D. have had
3.【2018·天津】I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm nt sure.
A. shuld leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. culd have left
4.【2018·北京】In tday’s infrmatin age, the lss f data _________ cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.
A. need B. shuld C. can D. must
5.【2018·北京】They might have fund a better htel if they _________ a few mre kilmeters.
A. drve B. wuld drive C. were t drive D. had driven
6.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. wuld catch
【2017年】
1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest by in ur class, ______ easily reach the bks n the tp shelf.
A. must B. shuld C. can D. need
2.【2017·北京卷】If the new safety system _______ t use, the accident wuld never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. shuld be put D. wuld be put
3.【2017·江苏卷】_______ nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
4.【2017·天津卷】My rm is a mess, but I __________clean it befre I g ut tnight. I can d it in the mrning.
A. daren’tB. shuldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t
5.【2017·天津卷】 —D yu have Betty’s phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able t reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wuldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wuldn’t be
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】I lve the weekend, because I ________ get up early n Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’tC. wuldn’t D. shuldn’t
2.【2016·北京】Why didn’t yu tell me abut yur truble last week? If yu ________ me, I culd have helped.
A. tld B. had tldC. were t tell D. wuld tell
3.【2016·江苏】If it fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
A.had nt been B.shuld nt be
C. were nt t be D. shuld nt have been
4.【2016·天津】It was really annying; I _____ get access t the data bank yu had recmmended.
A. wuldn’t B. culdn’t C. shuldn’t D. needn’t
5.【2016·天津】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing ne, I ____.
A. were injured B. wuld be injured
C. had been injured D. wuld have been injured
6.【2016·浙江】Had the gvernments and scientists nt wrked tgether , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.
A. had nt fallen B. wuld nt fall C. did nt fall D. wuld nt have fallen
学习评价：
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need的用法助记口诀
实义动词表＂需要＂，后接名、代、不定式。
need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。
情态动词表＂需要＂，没有人称、数之变。
其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。
【易混辨析】
dare和need
1. dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。
2. need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have t, ught t
3. dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带t的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带t或不带t的不定式。而need后面只能接带t的不定式。
情态动词＋have dne
用法
must have dne
一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/culdn’t have dne
can/culd have dne
(1)本来能够做但却未做
(2)可能做过某事
can’t/culdn’t have dne
不可能做过某事
may/might have dne
或许/可能做过某事
shuld/ught t have dne
本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t have dne
做了本没有必要做的事情
if条件
从句
从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现
在情况
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
表示过
去情况
had＋过去分词
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋have＋过去分词
表示将
来情况
shuld＋动词原形
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
动词过去式
were t＋动词原形
【特别提醒】
★ suggest表＂暗示＂，insist表＂坚持认为＂时不用虚拟语气。