专题02 名词性从句

I．概念

 名词在句中一般可以作主语、表语、宾语和同位语等。

      1. Water freezes below zero. (作主语)

      2. Eric was a world famous director. (作表语)

      3. Would you like some bananas? (作宾语)

      4. Eric, my English teacher, got promoted last year. (作同位语)

相当于名词的从句称为名词性从句，分别称之为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

II. 知识重点与难点

一、   名词性从句的连接词如下：

1. 从属连词：that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，在动宾从句中可省略。

         whether/ if有词义，但在从句中不充当成分, if 主要用于宾语从句中。

2. 连接代词who(ever), whom(ever), whose, what(ever), which(ever) 有词义，在从句中充当成分。

3. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 有词义，在从句中充当状语。

二、   主语从句：

在句子中作主语的从句叫主语从句。

1. 由从属连词引导, 连词本身在从句中不做成分。

That Eric is the most handsome teacher in our school is known to all. (从句作主语，且从句不缺成分，无词义缺失，因此用 that。)

Whether he will come or not is not known yet. (从句作主语，从句完整，但缺乏表示 “是

否”的词，因此用 whether。)

2. 由连接代词引导，连词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

Who will go remains to be discussed. (从句作主语，who 在主语从句中作主语，表示 “某

人，谁”。)

What we need is more time. (从句作主语，what 在主语从句中作 need 的宾语，表示 “东

西，什么”。)

No one knows whose footprints were left on the spot. (从句作宾语，whose 在宾语从句中作

定语，表示 “某人的”。)

More examples: Whoever unsheathes（抽出鞘） that sword is my husband.

Whatever I have done is only for you.

3. 由连接副词引导，连词在从句中作状语。

When he will leave for the United States is not yet decided. （when 作时间状语）

Why he failed the English exam is quite obvious. （why 作原因状语）

Where he has been is the last piece of the puzzle. （where 作地点状语）

How Eric became a famous teacher is known to all.（how 作方式状语）

4. It作形式主语

由于主语从句位于句首，句子显得笨重，因此常把它移至句子后部，句首用代词it来作形式主语。

   It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.

= That she has made such a foolish mistake is a pity.

It is reported that three people were killed in the accident, including the driver.

= That three people were killed in the accident, including the driver is reported.

It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.

= Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter.

常见it作形式主语的句子有：

   1）It + be +形容词+主语从句

      It is strange that he should know nothing about it.

   2) It + be +名词+主语从句

     It is still a question when we shall have a sports meet.

   3) It +动词+宾语+主语从句

     It makes no difference whether she goes or stays.

   4) It +不及物动词（seems/appears/happens/occurred/turned out）+主语从句

     It happened that I wasn't there that day.

   5) It +动词的被动结构+主语从句

     It is still not known yet which team will win the match.

三、   表语从句

在句子中作表语的从句叫表语从句。

1. 由从属连词引导

The trouble is that he has never done the work before.

The question is whether we should ask them for help.

2. 由连接代词引导

Shanghai is not what it used to be.

What troubles her is which dress she should buy.

3. 由连接副词引导

That is where Lu Xun used to live.

That is why he didn’t come to the party.

注： 表语从句还可以由 as if 或 as though 引导,从句根据真假来判断是否用虚

拟。

It looks as if it is going to rain.

It looks as if no one in the world could beat him in Math.

四、   宾语从句

在句子中作及物动词或作介词的宾语，或在某些形容词后的从句叫宾语从句。

1. 及物动词后的宾语从句

(1)         由从属连词引导

They told us once again that the situation is serious.

I wonder if you can do me a favour.

(2)         由连接代词引导

I don’t believe whatever he said.

I don’t know which school he is in.

Do you know who has taken my dictionary away?

He asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.

(3)         由连接副词引导

I wonder why she refused my invitation.

Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?

Do you know when she will leave for California?

2. 介词和某些形容词之后的宾语从句

(1)         介词后的宾语从句，从句一般不用that连词，但except和in除外。

The teacher is pleased with what she has said.

It depends on whether the manager will agree to the plan or not.

Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school.

He usually goes to work by bike except when it rains.

A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.

He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.

(2)         某些形容词后的宾语从句（形容词后介词被去除，因为介词一般不和that引导的宾语从句连用）。

I’m sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.

We are glad that our football team has won the match.

3. It作形式宾语

在 “及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来充当的，则必须放在宾语补足语的后面，而在原来的宾语位置上用代词it作形式宾语。宾补只修饰名词或名词词组，不修饰句子。

 I made it clear that I was determined to go to France.

I find it necessary that we should take a break during the work.

五、   同位语从句

在句子中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般由从属连词，连接代词，连接副词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, evidence, conclusion, decision, suggestion, opinion, explanation, view, possibility, promise, question, wish等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。

1. 由从属连词引导

The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.

The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.

2. 由连接代词引导

The question what is to be done for the project remains to be discussed.

So far we have no news which route the expedition has taken.

3. 由连接副词引导

I have no idea when he will be back.

Then arose the question where we can get the machine needed.

            注： 同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者对名词的内容加以补充说明，后者对名词加以限制或修饰。

a) 一般来说，定语从句的先行词为任意名词，同位语从句的先行词常常是可

以承载一件事情的抽象名词。

Those who want to go please sign their names here. （定语从句）

We express the hope that they will come to visit Shanghai again.

（同位语从句）

b) 定语从句修饰, 限定先行词的意义，与先行词为修饰关系；同位语从句说明

先行词的具体内容，与先行词是同位关系。

It is a fact that you can't deny.（定语从句）

It is a fact that she has done her best.（同位语从句）

c) that 在定语从句中为关系代词，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语；that 在同

位语从句中只起到连接作用，不作句子成分。

The news that you told me yesterday surprises me.（定语从句,that 作宾语）

The news that all of us have passed the exam surprises me.（同位语从句, that

在从句中不作任何成分）

一、单项选择

1．（2022·天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学高三阶段练习）________has a good knowledge of physics and history is qualified for the position.

A．No matter who B．Whomever C．Whoever D．Those who

2．（2022·天津河北·高三期中）Among the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs, ________ really interests me is their disappearance.

A．that B．which C．whether D．what

3．（2022·天津市教育招生考试院高三期中）       work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values.

A．How B．Whether C．That D．Which

4．（2022·天津·一模）You should follow the doctor's instruction to give up smoking or ________ he suggested will have little effect on your health.

A．when B．how C．why. D．what

5．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）________ matters most to Dorian Gray is ________ he is good looking.

A．Which; that B．What; that C．What; if D．That; whether

6．（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中高三阶段练习）You have my word ________ I won the lottery one day, I would buy you a new car.

A．if B．that C．if that D．that if

7．（2022·全国·高三名校集）In fact, more than one account suggests that ______ Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof ____ it hit him on the head.

A．when, why B．while, that C．if, that D．while, why

8．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）The news came________the British Queen Mother celebrated her 101st birthday in good health,________isn't surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.

A．when; as B．which; which C．that; that     D．that; which

9．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

—Yeah, but I have no idea _____________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.

A．when B．why

C．that D．how

10．（2022·天津市西青区杨柳青第一中学高三阶段练习）Was it in this room _____ he made the decision _____ he would break away from his family?

A．that ; which B．where ; which C．that ; that D．where ; that

11．（2022·天津市教育招生考试院高三期中）The place        the bridge is supposed to be built should be         the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.

A．which, that B．at which,where

C．at which,that D．where, in which

12．（2022·全国·高三名校集）Honestly speaking, this is ______ I disagreed ______ you.

A．what; on B．where; on C．what; with D．where; with

13．（2022·全国·高三名校集）This is ________ the Shenzhou VIII Spaceship landed.

A．there B．in which C．the place that D．where

14．（2022·全国·高三名校集）Your ability has never been in doubt — the question is ________ you are prepared to work hard.

A．that B．whether C．what D．if

15．（2022·全国·高三名校集）This devotion and hard work is ________ we see reflected within his photos.

A．that B．whether C．how D．what

16．（2022·天津一中高三阶段练习）The two men from the truck were poorly dressed and spoke in ________ sounded like an eastern European language.

A．which B．that C．what D．where

17．（2022·天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学高三阶段练习）Sometimes advertisements make it possible for companies to sell the customer                money cannot buy.

A．what B．which C．that D．whether

18．（2022·天津市双菱中学高三期中）In our daily life, it is a piece of cake to find that the same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. Hence, it’s about ________ you’re made of, not the circumstances.

A．that B．what C．how D．who

19．（2022·天津市嘉诚中学高三阶段练习）All of my classmates are hopeful about________2022 will bring not only in our studies but also in our overall development.

A．how B．which C．that D．what

20．（2022·天津市教育招生考试院高三期中）I promise to make you all proud again in        direction life may take me.

A．however B．wherever C．whenever D．whatever

参考答案：

1．C

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：凡是精通物理和历史的人都能胜任这个职位。A.no matter who无论谁（引导让步状语从句）B.whomever无论谁（是宾格，不能作主语）；C.whoever无论谁（可以作主语也可以作宾语）；D.those who……的那些人，who引导定语从句，修饰those，谓语动词用复数。分析句子可知，此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“无论谁”，用连接词whoever引导主语从句，故C项正确。

2．D

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在许多关于恐龙的未解之谜中，真正让我感兴趣的是它们的消失。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，主语从句从句中缺少主语，表示让我感兴趣的“事情”，所以用连接代词what引导。故选D。

3．C

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：劳动和创造性活动是人类进步的重要动力，这深深植根于我们的社会价值观中。分析句子结构可知，“______work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress ”为主语从句，从句结构和意思完整，应用连接词that引导。故选C。

4．D

【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你应该按照医生的建议戒烟，否则他建议的对你的健康几乎没有影响。分析句子可知，or为并列连词，其前后为并列句；________ he suggested 为第二个并列句的主语部分，空白处同时做动词suggest的宾语，表示“建议的内容”，所以此处要用连接代词what来引导。故选D。

5．B

【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：对多里安·格雷来说，最重要的是他长得好看。第一空引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，指事情，用what引导；第二空，引导表语从句，从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用，不作成分，故选B。

6．D

【详解】考查同位语从句和条件状语从句。句意：我向你保证，如果有一天我中了彩票，我会给你买一辆新车。分析句子结构________ I won the lottery one day, I would buy you a new car是同位语从句，解释前面的抽象名词word，从句不缺任何成分和任何含义，故选that，同位语从句中又包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，所以空格处填that if。故答案为D。

7．B

【详解】考查让步状语从句和同位语从句。句意：事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿确实是受到了一个掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。结合句意可知，第一空是让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，用while引导；第二空引导同位语从句，对名词proof的内容补充说明，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，that在从句中不作任何成分，起连接作用。故选B项。

8．D

【详解】考查同位语从句和非限制性定语从句。句意：消息传来，英国女王健康地庆祝了她的101岁生日，这并不奇怪，因为她过着轻松的生活，得到最好的医疗照顾。分析句子结构，________the British Queen Mother celebrated her 101st birthday in good health是一个同位语从句，解释说明The news，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that引导该从句；________isn't surprising是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导该从句，故选D。

9．B

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：——迈克做出了放弃耶鲁大学的邀约是真的吗？——是的，但是我不知道他为什么这么做，那是他最喜欢的大学之一。A项表“时间”，D项表“方式”，均不合题意。have no idea =“not” know，后面的从句应该表示“疑问”，排除表“确定事实”的C项。故本题选择B项。why表示“原因”，引导同位语从句解释说明idea。Mike放弃了最心仪的耶鲁大学，令人不解其故。故选B。

10．C

【详解】考查强调句式和同位语从句。句意：就是在这个房间里，他做出了与家人分离的决定吗?第一空是强调句式：It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)......。强调地点状语in this room，填that；名词decision“决定”后面是同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整。所以由that引导。故选C。

11．B

【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：建桥的地方应该是过江交通最繁忙的地方。分析句子可知，“_____the bridge is supposed to be built ”为定语从句，先行词the place在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where或者at which引导，排除A项；“______the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.”为表语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导。故选B。

12．D

【详解】考查表语从句和固定搭配。句意：老实说，这就是我不同意你的地方。第一空用做地点状语的where引导表语从句，disagree with sb. (与某人意见不同)。故选D项。

13．D

【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是神舟八号宇宙飞船着陆的地方。分析句子可知，此处应用连接副词where引导表语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。B项 in which是定语从句，但是本句没有先行词，不能用定语从句；C 项the place that补充了先行词，但是应该用关系副词引导定语从句而不是关系代词that。故选D。

14．B

【详解】考查表语从句和从属连词。句意：你的能力从来没有被怀疑过，问题是你是否准备努力工作。分析句子可知，句子为表语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，问题是你“是否”准备努力工作，故排除“A”和“C”，“if”不能引导表语从句，故排除，故空格处应用“whether”，意为“是否”。故选B项。

15．D

【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们在他的照片中看到了这种献身精神和努力工作。分析句子可知，本句是表语从句，句中we see是插入语，从句缺少主语，根据句意“照片中反映的事情”可知，此处填what，表示“……的”。故选D项。

16．C

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：卡车上的两名男子穿着寒碜，说话听起来像是东欧语言。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示物应用what引导。故选C。

17．A

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：有时，广告使公司向顾客出售金钱买不到的东西成为可能。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少“buy”的宾语，指物，没有选择范围，故应用“what”引导从句。故选A项。

18．B

【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在我们的日常生活中，很容易发现同样的开水能使土豆变软，使鸡蛋变硬。因此，重要的是你是什么样的人，而不是环境。about后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，连接词为what。故选B项。

19．D

【详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我所有的同学不仅在我们的学习中，而且在我们的整体发展中都对2022年会给我们带来什么充满希望。A. how怎样；B. which哪一个；C. that引导从句；D. what什么。根据结构可知，“________2022 will bring not only in our studies but also in our overall development”作about的宾语，所以本句是宾语从句。缺少的引导词在从句中bring的宾语，表示“什么，……事物”，故用what引导。故选D。

20．D

【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：无论生活可能把我引向何方，我再次保证让你们所有人为我感到骄傲。介词in后接宾语从句，从句中缺少名词direction的定语，所以用连接代词whatever引导。故选D。