卷02——【备考2023】高考英语真题重组卷（上海专用）（含解析）

  冲刺2023年高考英语真题重组卷02（上海）

1. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1.  A. A new bookstore.  B. A new road.   

 C. Good novels.  D. The past history.

2.  A. He is a doctor of surgery.

 B. He was hurt yesterday because of an accident.

 C. He injured his back yesterday just by sneezing.

 D. He wants to look for a job at hospital.

3. A. Excited. B. Serious. C. Impatient. D. Disappointed.

4. A .Xi’an. B. Chengdu C. At home. D. In the company.

5.  A. She lives a healthy life now. B. He has a habit of drinking orange juice.

 C. He is too careful about his diet. D. He is used to taking regular exercise.

6.  A. Sun. B. Water. C. Fertilizer. D. Soil.

7.  A. Some courses on reading. B. Some courses on writing.

 C. The habit of keeping a diary. D. Her potential talent.

8.  A. She is too busy to take exercises. B. She doesn’t have enough money.

 C. It's unnecessary for her to take some lessons. D. She has never planned to play tennis.

9.  A. The park is far away from their home.

 B. He hates to walk to the park.

 C. He wants to drive his car to another park.

 D. It will be faster for them to drive to the park rather than walk.

10. A. He is adding and reading the numbers. B. He is checking the financial report.

 C. He is rewriting the number. D. He is trying to make the budget limited.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11.  A. When they go forth into an area that they are unfamiliar with.

 B. When they are qualified to bring the story back.

 C. When they start an urgent project.

 D. When they have never written the same subject.

12.  A. Because he is a baseball fan all his life.

 B. Because he has interviewed a professional athlete.

 C. Because they are moved by the speaker’s sincerity.

 D. Because the speaker has done some sports reporting before.

13.  A. Broaden the story with their own strength.

 B. Grow up happily and luckily.

 C. Get some unexpected results.

 D. Become a productive writer.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14.  A. Creativity is production of something original and useful.

 B. Creativity happens on the right side of the brain.

 C. Creativity is related to the freedom from concrete facts.

 D. Everyone has his special creativity.

15.  A. By focusing on obvious facts and familiar solutions to see if the answer lies there.

 B. By scanning remote memories that could be vaguely relevant.

 C. By focusing our attention to search for a wide range of distant information.

 D. By cutting off the connection it may have with the problem before it escapes.

16.  A. The common sense about the production of creativity.

 B. The both sides of the brain working together to creativity.

 C. A sense of pleasure produced by the creativity.

 D. How difficult that we come up with a new single idea.

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation

17.  A. Their plan for the summer vacation. B. The woman’s new job.

 C. Peter’s experience of volunteer. D. The spirit of activities.

18.  A. Supervising a volunteer program in a non-profit art gallery.

 B. Cleaning up the gallery every weekend.

 C. Donating cash and other things.

 D. Offering some part- time jobs to the young.

19.  A. Taking part in activities that are respected.

 B. Taking part in activities that are creative.

 C. Taking part in activities you show enthusiasm for.

 D. Taking part in activities you're responsible for.

20.  A. Fund B. Persistence C. Acknowledgement. D. Respect

【听力答案】：1-5 ACCBA   6-10 CCADA   11-15 ACABA   16-20 BCACB

II. Grammar and Vocabulary   （每题1分；共20分）

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

（2021年上海秋季高考）

The Spread of Disease

Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease. When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. The people there have no natural protection ( 22) __________these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily. (23)________ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was ( 24 )__________happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and ( 25 )________cost millions of lives.

Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria (26)_____( grow). Then when the air-conditioner ( 27 )_________(turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers. They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. 

Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste (29) _________ ( dump ) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can form a thick mass in the water, (30) __________( provide ) a perfect environment for cholera , a fatal disease.

【答案】21.were not   22.against    23. Because/ Since/ As    24. what    25. it/ that

26. to grow    27. is tuned         28. which       29. dumped        30. providing

【答案详解】

21. were not

【解析】考查一般过去时的否定结构。根据句子结构分析，该空所处句子结构为定语从句，修饰 bacteria，但是bacteria 为名词复数形式(类似data)，又根据此处的时间状语 in the past 可知，此处需要填入一般过去时态，且该句为陈述句，故此处填入 were not。此题作为新高考英语的创新型试题，考查同学们语篇语境下的语法应用能力。Be作为助动词，其与后面的表语一起构成谓语结构。

22.against

【解析】考查介词。结合该空前后的相关内容，可推知，此处想要表达的是“人们没有对抗细菌的天然保护，所以更容易感染这种疾病”，再结合句子结构，此处短语作后置定语修饰protection，而 against 有“反对”之意，符合句意，故此处填入 against。

23.Because/ Since/ As

【解析】考查原因状语从句。结合下文可知，该句下文讲述的是相关结果，即推知前文在讲述原因。再结合句子结构分析，该空所在句子结构完整，且与主句用逗号隔开，即此处为状语从句，故此处填入 Because/ Since/As 引导原因状语从句。

24.what

【解析】考查表语从句。根据句子结构分析，此处为表语从句，且该空在从句中做主语。再结合下文例子，此处在讲述某件事，因此可确定此处考查固定搭配 what happened， 故此处填入 what。

25. it/that

【解析】考查代词。根据句子结构分析，该句中缺少主语，又结合上文内容推知。该空处指代的是上文提及的 the Spanish flu，故此处填入代词it/that。

26.to grow

【解析】考查动词不定式。根期从句的谓语动间 makes 判定此处非讲语结构。而且根糖句子结构分析，此处考查固定搭配 make itradj to do sth意为“使某事助的怎么样"，故此处填入to grow。

27.is turned

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动。根据相关句意分析，可知此处的空调是“被打开”，即需要填入动词的被动语态，又因为该空前 the air-conditioner 的提示，可知从句中的主语用的是单数形式，故此处填入 is tuned。

28. which

【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。

29. dumped

【解析】 考查过去分词。根据主句谓语动词 may be caused 以及or 引导的并列状语，判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词。而且句子结构分析，该空处做后置定语修饰 human waste，再结合上文内容推知，此处想要表达的是“未经加工直接被倾倒到海洋中的人类废弃物”，即此处需要填入动词的过去分词形式，故此处填入 dumped。

30. providing

【解析】考查现在分词。根据句子的谓语动词 can form 判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构,在从句子结构分析，该空构成分词短语作状语,再根据相关句意分析,此处想表述的是“它们可以在水中形成厚厚的团块，为霍乱这种致命疾病提供一个完美的环境”，即此处需要填入动同的现在分词，故此处填入 providing

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

（2019年上海春季高考）

Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people's lives had a certain ___31___. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.

But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s ___32___. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.

Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then ___33___ adapt as situations change.

For example, Ashoka fellow Andres Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to __34____ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ___35___ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.

To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all”. Cognitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in ___36___ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams.

It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can ___37___ problems and organize responses.

Millions of people already live with this mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: “We don't need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.

The central ___38___ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal ___39___. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.

Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of ___40___ shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.

Section B

【答案】31. D   32. A  33. B  34. H  35. C   36. I  37. E   38. G   39. K   40. F

【答案详解】

31. D【解析】根据句子结构可知，此处填入名词，又由句意"几千年来太多数人的生活都有某种模式”，pattern n.模式，故选D。

32.A【解析】根据句了结构分析可知，此处填入形容词, 又由句意“但是现在机器几乎可以做任何重复的事情。"repetitive adj 重复的，故选A。

33.B 【解析】根据分析可知，此处用副词修饰动词，由句意为"不断地随着情况的变化做出调整。"continually adv.不断地，故选B。

34.H【解析】根据上下文理解，可知此处所提及的 app 可将邻里之间形成网络， network n.网络，故选H。

35.C【解析】根据句子结构分析，此句缺少谓语动词，又根据句意"这款应用有一个紧急按钮，当罪案发生时，它会提醒附近的每个人。alerts v警报，故选C。

36. 【解析】根据上下文理解可推测此处句意为“认知移情是一种在不断变化的环境中感知人们的感觉的能力"，evolving adj.进化的，故选I。

37. E【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处缺少动词，也根据 and 之后的 organize responses，可推测此处为找出问题，locate v.找到，故选E。

38.G【解析】根据上下文意思理解，可知此处要表达的意思为:这个时代的核心挑战，challenge v挑战，故选G。

39 K【解析】根据下文所提到的学校所开展的课程，可知上句意思为“他说，在更早的时代，社会意识到需要普及识字”，literacy n.读写能力，故选K。

40.F【解析】该段为本文章的中心段，故推测句意为要改变人们的心态，mental adj. 心灵上的，故选F。

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context

（2022年上海秋季高考）

A filler word is an apparently meaningless word, phrase or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in speech. Also known as a pause filler or hesitation form. Some of the common filler words in English are um,uh, er, ah, like, okay,right, and you know. Although filler words “may have fairly minimal lexical(词汇的)content,” notes linguist Barbara A Fox “they can play a strategic syntactic(句法的)role in a(n) (41)________ conversation”. What appears to be a filler word may also be a holophrase (整句字)(42) ________the context. “Hey hey, shh, shh, shh. Come on. Be sensitive to the fact that other people are not comfortable talking about emotional (43)______. Um, you know,I am. I'm fine with that, but... other people".

"Modern linguists led by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933call these ‘hesitation forms’—the sounds of stammering (uh ), stuttering (um, um)，throat-clearing (ahem!)，stalling ( well um, that is) interjected when the speaker is searching words or (44) _____for the next thought."You know that y’ know is among the most common of these (45) ________forms. Its meaning is not the imperious ‘you understand’ even the old interrogatory ‘do you get it’? It is given as, and taken to be, merely a filler phrase , (46) ____________ to fill a beat in the flow of sound, not unlike like, in its new sense of, like, a filler word.

These staples of modern filler communication —I mean, y’ know, like-can also be used as ‘tee-up words’.In old times. pointer phrases or tee-up words were get this would you believe? and are you ready? The (47) ______ of these rib-nudging phrases was- are you ready-to make the point, to focus the listeners attention on what was to follow. If the (48) _______is to tee up a point, we should accept y’ know and its friends as a.mildly (49)_______ spoken punctuation. the articulated colon(冒号) that signals ‘focus on this’... if the purpose is to grab a moment to think, we should allow ourselves to wonder: Why are filler phrases needed at all? What(50) _____the speaker to fill the moment of silence with any sound at all?

Why do some people fill the air with non-words and sounds? For some, it is a sign of nervousness; they fear silence and experience speaker (51) _____ . Recent research at Columbia University suggests another reason , Columbia psychologists guessed that speakers fill pauses when (52) ______ for the next word. To investigate this (53) ________, they counted the use of filler words used by lecturers in biology,chemistry,and mathematics, where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices (54) ________ to the speaker They then compared the number of filler words used by teachers in English, art history, and philosophy. where the subject matter is less (55) ________ and more open to word choices.

41 A. undertaking     B. discovering   C.disliking    D.unfolding

42 A. depending on   B. holding up   C. taking over   D. arranging for

43. A. appliances    B substances    C..disturbances   D. finances

44. A. on the contrary   B. at a loss    C. at dawn    D. on no account

45. A. perseverance   B.complexity   C. hesitation    D. obligation

46 A. intended    B. attended    C. pretended    D. extended

47. A. interest    B. experience   C. advantage    D random

48 A. architecture    B.purpose    C. completion   D. function

49 A annoying    B. striking    C.entertaining   D.embarrassing

50. A. oppresses    B. recycles           C. highlights    D. motivates

51 A. danger     B. anxiety    C..figure    D.sculpture

52. A. bothering    B inspecting    C.searching    D accomplishing

53.A.idea     B. chance    C. basis     D. feedback

54. A. feasible    B credible    C.considerable   D. available

55. A.well-matched   B. well-defined   C.well-bred    D.well perceived

【答案】41-55 DACBC   ADBAD     BCADB

【答案详解】

41.D【解析】结合该空之后提及的What appears to be a filler word may also be aholophrase可知，该句句意为“看似填充词的东西也可能是完整短语”，再结合相关选项分析，此处想要表达的是填充词词在对话交流中的重要作用，即此处句意为“它们可以在展开的（unfolding）话语中发挥战略性的句法作用”，故选D。undertaking v. 担任；discovering v. 发现；disliking v. 不喜欢；厌恶；unfolding v.显露；展现；展开。

42.A 【解析】此题根据选项进行反向推选，根据该空前提及的What appears to be a filler word may also be a holophrase和该空后提及的the context，这里将“填充词”“完整语句”和“上下文”三个词同时出现于一句话中，再结合选项进行分析，可推知此处句意为“依据（depending on）上下文，看似填充词的内容也可能是完整短语”，故选A。depending on依赖；依靠；holding up停顿；支持；taking over接管；arranging for安排。

43.C【解析】根据该空前提及的Be sensitive to the fact that other people are not comfortable talking about可知，该空所填词需要有一定的情感情绪在其中，结合相关选项分析，此处句意为“对别人不喜欢谈论情绪障碍（disturbances）的事实要敏感”，故选C。appliances n. 器具；器械；substances n. 物质；disturbances n.骚乱：困扰；finances n. 资金；经费。

44.B【解析】结合上文提及的Modern linguists led by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933 call these ‘hesitation forms’等相关内容，可知，此处在表述讲话时的一种“犹豫形式”，再结合相关选项分析，与hesitation forms相接近的意思选项为at a loss，即此处句意为“当说话者在摸索单词或不知所措地（at a loss）想下一个想法时，会插嘴”，故选B。on the contrary与此相反；at a loss不知所措；at dawn拂晓时；on no account绝不；切莫。

45.C【解析】结合上文对hesitation forms等填充词所举的例子，以及该空后提及的Its meaning is not the imperious ‘you understand’ or even the old interrogatory ‘do you get it’? It is given as, and taken to be, merely a filler phrase可推知，此处的You know也是“最常见的犹豫（hesitation）形式之一”，故选C。perseverance n.毅力；韧性；complexity n.复杂性；hesitation n.犹豫；踌躇；obligation n.义务；责任。

46.A【解析】结合该空之后提及的like的例子可推知，该空处想要表述的是关于填充词使用的目的和意图，即此处句意为“它只是一个填充词，意在（intended）填充声音流中的一个节拍”，故选A。intended v. 打算；意指；attended v. 出席；参加；pretended v. 假装；extended v. 延伸；延长。

47.D【解析】结合上文内容的讲述以及该空后提及的to make the point, to focus the listener’s attention on what was to follow可推知，此处在讲述有关填充词交流的作用，结合选项分析，可推知此处句意为“这些短语的作用（function）是......”，故选D。interest n. 兴趣；吸引力；利益；experience n. 经验；经历；advantage n. 有利条件；优势；function n. 功能；函数。

48.B【解析】结合下文提及的If the purpose is to grab a moment to think, we should allow ourselves to wonder可知，此处句子结构与上文相同，结合选项推知此处想表达的是根据不同的目的来选择填充词的使用，即该空处句意为“如果目的（purpose）是为了表达一个观点”，故选B。architecture n. 建筑学；结构；架构；purpose n. 意图；目的；completion n. 完成；结束；random n. 随机。

49.A【解析】根据该空前提及的mildly（和善地；轻微地）可排除B项，两者想表述的意思相反；而结合该空前提及的we should accept y’know and its friends…和该空后提及的the articulated colon(冒号) that signals ‘focus on this’可知，you know这一填充词表述并不会使人尴尬或者使人愉快，相比之下A项符合文意，即此处句意为“我们应该接受“你知道”和它的朋友们作为一个稍微烦人的（annoying）口语标点符号，即清晰的冒号(冒号) 这意味着“专注于这个”……”，故选A。annoying adj. 烦人的；striking adj. 显著的；引人注目的；entertaining adj.有趣的；使人愉快的；embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的。

50.D【解析】结合该空后提及的the speaker to fill the moment of silence with any sound at all可知此处与“演讲者借助填充词来填补沉默时刻”的情境相关，结合选项以及上文内容可推知，此处需要思考的内容是“是什么促使（motivates）演讲者用任何声音来填补沉默的时刻”，其余选项与文意不符，故选D。oppresses v.压迫；压制；recycles v. 回收利用；highlights v. 突出；强调；motivates v. 激发；诱发。

51.B【解析】结合上文提及的For some, it is a sign of nervousness可推知此处想要表达的是“他们害怕沉默，并经历演讲者的焦虑（anxiety）”，故选B。danger n.危险；anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；figure n. 数字；人影；形象；sculpture n. 雕刻作品。

52.C【解析】根据该空后提及的for the next word，可以排除A项和D项，这两项填入文章语意不通顺，再结合下文的相关研究分析可推知，此处更符合文意的是inspecting，因为inspect侧重于为了查看东西的质量或情况而仔细地查看，而search更侧重于有目的的搜查、搜索，相较之下，C项符合文意，即此处句意为“哥伦比亚大学的心理学家推测，说话者在搜索（searching）下一个单词时会出现停顿”，故选C。bothering v. 打扰；烦扰；迷惑；inspecting v. 检查；检验；searching v. 搜查；探查；accomplishing v. 完成；达到。

53.A【解析】结合上文提及的相关内容，可知上文提及的是观点，下文对观点进行研究分析，结合选项即可分析此处句意为“为了调查这一观点（idea），他们统计了生物、化学和数学讲师使用的填充词的使用情况”，故选A。idea n. 想法；chance n. 可能性；机会；basis n. 基础；基准；feedback n. 反馈。

54.D【解析】结合上文内容可知，此处是在对各科教师使用填充词情况的研究，结合相关选项可排除B和C项，再根据该空后提及的where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices可知，此处更侧重于他们使用填充词的“多样性”，由此推知D项更符合文意，即此处句意为“其中主题使用的科学定义限制了演讲者可用的（available）单词选择的多样性”，故选D。feasible adj. 可行的；credible adj. 可信的；可靠的；considerable adj. 想当多/大的；available adj. 可用的；可获得的。

55.B【解析】结合上文提及的where the subject matter uses scientific definitions that limit the variety of word choices可知，此处的情况与上文所述内容情况相反，即可推知此处句意为“然后，他们比较了英语、艺术史和哲学中教师使用的填充词的数量，这些领域的主题定义不太明确（well-defined），更容易选择单词”，故选B。well-matched adj. 搭配得当的；well-defined adj. 定义明确的；界限清楚的；well-bred adj. 有教养的；良种的；well-perceived adj. 有知觉的。

Section B 

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

（2019年上海春季高考）

I believe that, as a doctor, I should always get a blanket for my patients who need one. Yes I know there are other people who can do this. I can ask a nurse or an orderly to do it, but I believe that I should do it. So several times a day, while working in our emergency department, I leave my patient’s bedside, get them a nice warm blanket              and cover them up, before continuing on my day.

Which brings me back to why I believe I should offer to bring my patients a blanket. To me it is the first step in communicating to the person that my priority is his or her comfort, both physical and emotional. It is a simple act that acknowledges my desire to meet their basic needs as a patient. It may be an overused expression but I want to treat my patients the way I would want my family members taken care of. This behavior was also modeled for me when I was a patient.

Shortly after college I was involved in a serious accident while working in an ambulance as a volunteer. The short story is that I broke my femur (大腿骨), the large bone in my thigh, and my recovery required a total of four surgeries over a year or so. The surgeon who performed the last three operations usually did his rounds late at night.

He was a brilliant and talented surgeon who reminded me in appearance of a chain-smoking Einstein. He would ask about my pain and my mental state, but what I remember most is his offering to bring me French fries the next time he visited. I felt that he cared about me and, more importantly, understood what I was going through. He connected with me, and I trusted and obeyed everything he told me to do.

Getting a blanket and placing it on my patient is, in the end, a check and balance for me. I have the power to order hundreds of tests and treatments. I strive to always be right (or at least never wrong). And on not so rare occasions, I help save a life. But in the end, if I have not made that connection with my patient, if I have not shown them I understand their needs, then I have failed them as a physician and as a person.

56. Which one is not the reason why the doctor provides a blanket?

A. To build a connection with his patients.

B. To meet the basic needs of his patients.

C. To make his patient feel comfortable.

D. To make his patients love him.

57. The purpose of that story is to show ________.

A. the doctor also got a blanket for his patient

B. the doctor brought French fries to his patients

C. the doctor usually did his rounds late at night

D. the doctor cared about his patients and understood them

58. The author thinks ________ is the basic for a physician.

A. being right in his operations

B. ordering hundreds of tests and treatments

C. helping to save a life

D. showing his understanding to meet patients’ needs

59. The passage is mainly about ________.

A. how to build a connection with patients

B. the insignificance of caring about patients

C. the necessity of caring about patients

D. how to care about patients

【答案】56. D    57. D    58. D   59. A

【解析】

56. D【解析】解析 根据第二段中"To me it is the first step in communicating to the person that my priority is his or her comfort, both physical and emotional.”可知,医生提供毯子的原因是与病人进行交流的第一步，故选D。

57 D【解析】根据第三四段，结合全文，作者引用自身经历来论证外科医生的行为对其作为病人所产生的重要影响，及对其做出类似关怀举动的引导作用，D选项强调患者信任医生的重要性并不是例子主要想体现的内容，故选D。

58.D【解析】根据最后一段中“ But in the end, ifl have not made that connection with my patient, ifl have not shown them l understand their needs, then I have failed them as a physician and as a person."可知，作为一个医生，应该从心理上理解和言语上呵护病人，这种照料才是医生应该具备的品质。故选D。

59.A 【解析】 根据文章中“To me it is the first step in communicating to the person that my priority is his or her comfort, both physical and emotional.”可知作者在强调要发自内心的关心和理解病人，故选A。

 (B)

 （2018年上海春季高考）

Why UPS Trucks (Almost) Never Turn Left

By favoring right-hand turns at all times -unless a left is unavoidable- the carrier saves millions of gallons of fuel each year, and avoids emissions equivalent to over 20, 000 passenger cars.

The practice started decades ago, before computers and GPS, and is now managed by software that conjures the most efficient route for each truck.

What's wrong with turning left?

Left-hand turns are generally considered unsafe and wasteful on right-hand driving roads, such as those in the US.

“Left-turning traffic typically has to turn against a flow of oncoming vehicles.”explains Tom Vanderbilt, author of the book“Traffic: Why we drive the way we do."

“This can not only be dangerous, but makes traffic build up. unless you install a dedicated left-tun ‘phase’,which is fine but basically adds 30or 45 seconds to everyone else’s single time," he said.

A study on crash factors in intersection-related accidents from the US National Highway Traffic Safety Association shows that turning left is one of the leading "critical pre-crash events" (an event that made a collision inevitable), occurring in 22.2 percent of crashes, as opposed to 1.2 percent for right turns. About 61 percent of crashes that occur while turning or crossing an intersection involve left turns, as opposed to just 3.1 percent involving right turns.

Left turns are also three times more likely to kill pedestrians than right ones, according to data collected by New York City's transportation planners.

The right way to save fuel

"A left-hand turn is also less fuel efficient," said Jack Levis, UPS Senior Director of Process Management, "because your car's idling longer, which is also not good for your vehicle."

UPS does not ban left turns outright, says Levis: "We will make left hand turns, but not ones that are unnecessary. We don't need to go in circles all day long by making only right hand turns. We have tools analyze the number of left hand turns for each route, and we can work out which ones are avoidable."

The rule, says Levis, can also be applied to left-hand driving countries, such as Australia and the UK, where it discourages right-hand turns and the procedure is now incorporated in most countries around the world.

（http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/16/world/ups-trucks-no-left-turns/）

60. How much resources can UPS trucks save by avoiding turning left?

A.UPS trucks will consume millions of gallons of fuel.

B.The emission of UPS trucks is equivalent to that of over 2000 passenger cars.

C.UPS trucks estimate to save 100,000 metric tons of CO2, emission a year.

D.UPS trucks estimate an increase of 6 to 8 miles per route.

61. In Tom Vanderbilt's View, how to Deal with the Left Turn Problem in the United States?

A. Install a dedicated left tun phase.

B.Traffic planners manage road conditions.

C. Operators make their own traffic maps.

D.National policy encourages left tum of vehicles.

62. Which of the following options is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. It's unsafe to turn left on right-hand driving roads.

B.Turning left is resource-efficient on right-hand driving roads.

C.Left turning is likely to cause traffic accidents.

D. Left-tum is discouraged in all countries.

【答案】60. C    61. A    62. D

60.C【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中By favoring right-hand tums at all times-unless a left is unavoidable -the carrier saves millions of gallons of fuel each year, and avoids emissions equivalent to over 20,000 passenger can “可知 A.B 两项表述错误，且结合文章图片表述，C项正确，D项错误，故选C。

61.A 【解折】考查细节理解。根据文章中表述 This can not only be dangerous,but makes traffic build up, unless you install a dedicated left-turn ‘phase’ 可知，限国姆 范德比尔认为解决左转问题需要安装一个专门左转向，故选A。

62D 【解析】考查细节理解，根据文章中“The rule,says Levis,can also be applied to left hand driving countries, such as Australia and the UK, where it discourages right-hand turns可知，不是所有国家都不鼓励左转，只是在右侧驾驶的国家而己阐述错误，故选D。

(C)  

（2022年全国新高考II卷）

Clothes were once used until they fell apart. Not today. In high-income countries in particular, clothing and footwear are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon thrown away and replaced.

The so-called ‘Fast fashion’ is having a surprising environmental impact. ‘Take water. The fashion industry, one of the world’s largest users of water, consumes anywhere from 20 trillion to 200 trillion litres every year. ‘Then there are microplastics. Plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester (聚酯纤维) and other polymer-based textiles, and make up between 20% and 35% of the micro plastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals, such as those used to make fabrics stain resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.

Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy. That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing processes, especially recycling. There’s a big role for research--both academic and industrial--in achieving these and other ambitions.

Researchers could begin by helping to provide more accurate estimates of water use. There is also work to be done on improving and expanding textiles recycling. Undoubtedly, used textiles go to landfill in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. Different fibres are not easy to identify by eye, and overall such manual processes are time-consuming. Machinery is being developed that can help. Technologies also exist to recycle used fibres chemically and to create high -quality fibres that can be reused in clothing. But these are nowhere near the scale needed.

Another challenge for researchers is to work out how to get consumers and manufacturers to change their behaviour. Other research questions include finding ways to encourage people to purchase long lasting goods; exploring how to satisfy desires for something new while reducing environmental impact; and understanding why certain measures can be successfully scaled up whereas others fail.

63. Why does the author mention “water”, “microplastics” and “chemicals” in Paragraph 2?

A. To list examples.

B. To prove a point.

C. To provide an idea.

D. To give a definition.

64. Which of the following goes against the concept of “circular economy”?

A. Efforts are made to lengthen the lifespan of textiles.

B. Worn-out clothes are used as dishcloths and oil rags.

C. High-quality fibres are created to be reused in clothing.

D. Fashion industry is encouraged to release new lines more often.

65. What is the right thing for the fashion industry researchers to do?

A. To make sure that all of the used textiles go to landfill.

B. To separate fibres, as well as buttons and zips manually.

C. To improve and expand textile recycling to a larger extent.

D. To encourage consumers to satisfy their desires for fashion.

66. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text ?

A. Say no to the so-called fast fashion

B. Address the challenges for researchers

C. Embrace more of the circular economy

D. Cut fast fashion’s environmental impact

【答案】63. B    64. D    65. C   66. D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了所谓的“快时尚”潮流所带来的环境危害，以及研究人员为了避免环境危害所进行的努力措施。

【63题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段的“The so-called ‘Fast fashion’ is having a surprising environmental impact.(所谓的“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响)”和“The fashion industry, one of the world’s largest users of water, consumes anywhere from 20 trillion to 200 trillion litres every year. Then there are microplastics. Plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester (聚酯纤维) and other polymer-based textiles, and make up between 20% and 35% of themicro plastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals, such as those used to make fabrics stain resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.(时装业是世界上用水最多的行业之一，每年的用水量在20万亿到200万亿升之间。还有微塑料。当我们清洗聚酯纤维和其他基于聚合物的纺织品时，塑料纤维被释放出来，构成了阻塞海洋的20%到35%的微塑料。除此之外，还有一些特殊的化学物质，比如用来使织物耐污的化学物质，以及保护棉花等作物所需的农药)”可知，作者在第二段中提到“水”、“微塑料”和“化学品”的目的是为了证明一个观点，也就是“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响。故选B。

【64题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段的“That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing processes, especially recycling. There’s a big role for research--both academic and industrial--in achieving these and other ambitions.(这将至少涉及两件事：重新专注于让物品耐用，从而鼓励重复使用；更迅速地扩大可持续生产工艺的技术，特别是回收利用。在实现这些和其他雄心方面，学术和工业研究都发挥着重要作用)”可知，与“循环经济”的概念相抵触的是鼓励时尚产业更频繁地发布新产品。故选D。

【65题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段的“Researchers could begin by helping to provide more accurate estimates of water use. There is also work to be done on improving and expanding textiles recycling.(研究人员可以从帮助提供更准确的用水量估算开始。在改善和扩大纺织品回收方面也有工作要做)”可知，时尚产业研究者应该做的正确的事情是在更大程度上改善和扩大纺织品回收利用。故选C。

【66题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“The so-called ‘Fast fashion’ is having a surprising environmental impact.(所谓的“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响)”和第三段的“Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy.(变革是迫切需要的，但这需要时尚行业更加努力，更多地接受所谓的循环经济)”可知，文章讲述了所谓的“快时尚”对环境产生的影响，以及给我们提供的建议，以避免这种影响，因此最好的题目是D选项“Cut fast fashion’s environmental impact(减少快时尚对环境的影响)”。故选D。

Section C

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

（2019年上海春考）

New Paint Resists Oil and Water

Having an automobile can be costly. In addition to paying for fuel, the owner of a car should set aside money for an insurance policy to guard against possible damage or loss. The owner also has to pay for normal repairs, like an oil change, and other work.

Another cost is cleaning. _____67_____. Who would not want a car that is always clean because drops of water and oil just roll off? Now, scientists say it may not be too long before self-cleaning paints become more common in many industries.

It has been long known that rainwater slides off the leaves of some plants without leaving a mark. Soon, the same may be true for raindrops on your car.

Scientists can now reproduce that quality, or property, of tropical plants like the taro and lotus. Researchers are able to do this because of developments in nanophysics: the studies of very small particles.

Yao Lu is a researcher from Chinas Dalian University of Technology. He currently works at University College London. He used titanium dioxide nanoparticles to create a new kind of water-repellent (防水的) paint. ______68______.

Up until now, the biggest problem with water-repellent paints was their vulnerability to mechanical damage. _____69_____.

This was solved with a special adhesive or glue that sticks to the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. “Applying this spray adhesive, we've managed to get very resistant coatings that are resistant to, as I say, rubbing or scratching and with sandpaper and so on.”

The new kind of paint can be used on a number of Materials, from clothing and paper to steel and glass. _____70_____.

They predict this product could be used in a number of areas, including auto manufacturing and even hospitals.

【答案】67~70. CDAF

67.C【解析】 句意： 即使在最好的条件下，汽车也会变般。根据该空前后句子意思，可知主要说的是汽车的清洁问题，符合题意的只有C项，故选C。

68.D【解析】 句意： 水滴不会在喷漆表面留下痕迹。根据上下文意思可知，此处说的是关于姚璐设计出的新型防水涂料的特点，即水清不会再喷漆表面留下痕迹故选 D。

69. A【解析】句意：换句话说，被油漆覆盖的机器或其他设备很容易损坏。根据上一句意思说，防水涂料最大的问题是容易受到机械损伤，该空处即为换言之所说的内容，故选A。

70. F【解析】句意：研究人员说，这种涂料可以用于工厂或其他大型制造业。根据上一句意思说，可知该段主要讲述了这种涂料的运用范围，故选F。

IV.Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

2019年秋考

Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. When you’re the only member of your social circle with the latest hot device, people stare in fascination. However, people tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one.

Frankly speaking, early adoption is a bad investment. The earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and once the profits from early adopters’ purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about $200 only eight months after its release.

Those who are first to leap into a new technology also risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. In 2006, HD DVDs, a new format（制式）for video, entered the market. A few eager consumers bought HD DVD players that were discontinued in early 2008. The early adopters were then stuck with pricey devices that just sat on their shelves collecting dust.

Another good reason to resist the early adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has imperfections. For example, when Microsoft’s game machine, Xbox One, was first released in 2013, users immediately began to complain of problems. Devoted gamers worked to find and share solutions to these issues. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid testers.

So don’t join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest version of device; instead, wait and see.

71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

It is unwise to be early users of the latest devices. Firstly, the devices, when launched, are often overpriced because companies want to get back the cost quickly. Secondly, what you have bought can be out of date very soon. Finally, the devices are very likely imperfect. Therefore, don’t be early adopters.

V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)

2019年上海春考

72. 我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate)

We really/deeply/truly appreciate their effort to preserve the Shanghai dialect

We really/deeply/truly appreciate the effort (that) they have made to preserve the Shanghai dialect.

We appreciate it deeply/a lot/very much that they have made their effort to preserve the Shanghai dialect.

分析：

① 非常：放前面可以用really/deeply/truly，放在句式句可用deeply/a lot/very much

② 感谢：appreciate考纲主要给出了2种用法

a. 欣赏；赏识；重视 —— appreciate sb./sth.

appreciate foreign literature 欣赏到外国文学原著

Her family doesn't appreciate her. 她的家人不重视她。

b. 感激；感谢；欢迎【本句翻译为此种用法，不可用We appreciate them for their effort...... 】

appreciate sth.

appreciate her help 感激她的帮忙

appreciate doing sth.

I don't appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen. 我不愿被人当作二等公民。

appreciate (sb.) (doing) sth.

We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems. 如有任何问题，请告诉我们。

③ 上海方言为专有名词，前面必须加the，即：the Shanghai dialect

73. 正如这本小册子介绍的那样，这里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。(As)

As is introduced in the booklet/brochure/leaflet, the drivers here share the habit of politely giving way to/making way for the pedestrians.

The drivers here have a good habit of politely waiting till the pedestrians go/cross (the street) first, as is introduced in this booklet.

① 小册子可以写作：booklet/brochure/leaflet

② 正如小册子介绍的那样可写作：As is introduced in the brochure或As the brochure puts it【更为地道，主语人、物均可】

③ as引导非限定性定语从句，也可放在开头或结尾

④ 都有某种习惯建议用share the habit of doing sth.表达更为地道

74. 每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule)

These college students make it a rule to volunteer in the orphanage every Wednesday, teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructing the kids skills/crafts like paper-cutting and weaving/knitting.

Those college students make it a rule to go to the orphanage to work as volunteers every Wednesday, teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructing the orphans to do paper cutting and knitting.

These college students make it a rule to go to the orphanage Every Wednesday as volunteers to teach/show/demonstrate/instruct the children how to cut paper and knit.

75. 这首歌在今年艺术节上首发时，因其旋律欢快，风格诙谐引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。(when)

The song became/was a hit/caused a sensation for its joyful/cheerful rhythm and witty style when (it was) first performed at the Art Festival this year, but its popularity didn’t last long/but it is just like a flash in the pan.

When first performed at the Art Festival this year, this song caused a sensation because of /due to/owing to/thanks to/for its cheerful *melody and comic style, but it didn’t last long/but it lasted only (for) a very short time/period.

VI.Guided Writing  (共25分)

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

2021年上海春考

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假如你是明启中学的高三学生王佳，你学校的教师Lucy准备在高中开设关于“信息素养”（information literacy）的课程。课程包含以下四个板块：“网站设计”、“大数据处理”、“辨别真伪信息”和“精确搜索信息”。现在向全体同学征求建议。请你给她写一份电子邮件，要求：

1.选择两个你感兴趣的板块；

2.说明为什么选择这个板块的理由。

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参考范文：

Dear Lucy,

    My name is Wang Jia, a senior 3 student at the school. I’m deeply interested in the course in information literacy that you're planning to launch. So I’m writing this email to inform you of my choice of the two sections I'd like to learn about, which are “smart internet searching” and “information credibility evaluation”.

To begin with, I've based my decision on the expectation that the combination of the two sections can lead me to my desired results. It s, in my view, self-evident that searching for the information I need and ensuring the authenticity of its content are interconnected.

In addition, in today's digitalized world and with the expansion of social media, information is everywhere and misinformation is prevalent. The challenge then is to separate fact from falsehood，efficiently and effectively. Take practical preventive measures in the case of COVID-19 as an example——the general public can be easily overwhelmed by a host of seemingly identical and potentially false news reports.

Consequently, if properly instructed in the basic skills of using information technology, including how to pinpoint what I’m looking for and to verily that what I've found is valid, I may be better prepared next time when in urgent need of accurate information.

In a nutshell, in the hope of improving my information literacy level, I expect to learn more from your course about the information world and the ways in which to safely navigate through it with ease.

Thank you for your time and have a great day. Looking forward to hearing from you.

Best regards,

Wane Jia

听力文字稿

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. M. Is there a new bookstore on Fuzhou road?

 W: Yes, it's got very good novels of the 20th century

Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about?

2. W: Mike, are you OK?

M: I injured my back yesterday just by sneezing. My doctor said I need surgery.

Q: What can be learned about the man?

3. M: Which team are you going to support?

W: You're not going to talk about football again, are you? That’s it.

Q: How does the woman feel about discussing football?

4. M: Mary is not in the company. Has she returned from Xi’an yet?

W: Yes. But before she went to Chengdu yesterday, she had been home for only one day.

Q: Where is Mary Now?

5. M: What? Steven is drinking orange juice.

W. You can’t believe it. Now, he's careful about what he eats and takes regular exercise.

Q: What does the woman imply about Steven?

6. M: I’ve moved the flower into the garden and watered it every day. How come it is still not doing well?

W: Well, why not add some fertilizer? Maybe that 'll help.

Q: According to the woman, what may the flower need?

7. M: Wow, you won the first prize in the writing contest. You haven’t taken any courses on reading and writing.

W: But I've been keeping a diary since childhood.

Q: According to the woman, what helped her win the contest?

8. M: You like tennis so much. Why not take some lessons? They start next week.

W: How am I going to fit that into my crowded schedule?

Q: What does the woman mean?

9. W: Walk to the park? You must be kidding! It takes only five minutes to drive there.

M: If I had remembered to charge my car.

Q: What can be learned about the man?

10. W: You’ve been dealing with that budget report for nearly an hour. Anything wrong?

M: I keep adding and reading the numbers, but they just don’t balance.

Q: What is the man doing?

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage

 It's common for you, nonfiction writers, to go forth into an area you know little about. You may worry that you are not qualified to bring the story back. I feel that anxiety every time I start a new project. I felt it when I went to Bradenton to write my baseball book Spring training. Although I’ve been a baseball fan all my life, I had never done any sports reporting, never interviewed a professional athlete. Any of the man I approached with a notebook could have asked. What else have you written about baseball? But nobody did.

 They didn’t ask, because I was sincere. It was obvious to those man that I really wanted to know how they did their work. Remember this when you enter a new area and need a shot of confidence, what matters is how you do it. Also remember that your assignment may not be as narrow as you think. Often it will turn out to touch some unexpected corner of your experience or your education, enabling you to broaden the story with strength of your own. Every such production of the unfamiliar will reduce your fear.

Questions

11. According to the speaker, when may non-fiction writers feel worried?

12. Why didn’t nobody in Bradenton care about what the speaker had written before?

13. According to the speaker how does non-fiction writers' experience or education benefit them?

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

 The accepted definition of creativity is production of something original and useful, and it is commonly thought that creativity occurs on the right side of the brain, and the arts play an important role in enhancing it. But according to a new research, creativity isn’t about freedom from concrete facts.

 Rather, fact-finding is vital in the creative process. It's the result of both sides of your brain working together. To understand this, we need to take a look at what leads to creativity. When you try to solve a problem, you begin by concentrating on obvious facts and familiar solutions to see if the answer lies there. This is done mostly by the left side. However, if the answer doesn't come, the right and left sides of the brain activate together. The right-side scans remote memories that could be vaguely relevant.

 A wide range of distant information that is normally ignored becomes available to the left side. Then the left side catches whatever connection it may have with the problem, and quickly locks in on it before it escapes. With extremely focused attention, the brain quickly pulls together these pieces of thought and combines them into a new single idea, as the brain recognizes the originality of what it has come up with. A sense of pleasure will arise.

Questions

14. What do people commonly think of creativity?

15. According to the passage, how does the left side of the brain contribute to creative process?

16. What is the passage mainly about?

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation

W: Hello, Peter. I heard you worked in a remote village last month.

M: Yes, as a volunteer teaching in a primary school in southeastern China.

W: A good choice for the summer vacation.

M: For me, it's not only a choice, but a responsibility.

W: You’re right. What can a volunteer generally do?

M: Many things, like creating a change in the surroundings, providing shelter and food to the needy ones.

W: So you mean volunteering is not just donating cash or things?

M: Right! We prefer to call that charity

W: How did you come up with the idea of volunteering?

M: It was my father. He used to supervise a volunteer program in a non-profit art gallery.

W: Was it a full-time job for him?

M: No, in fact, a part-time job. He went to the gallery nearly every weekend.

W: Wow. This requires great passion.

M: Sure. The best way to volunteer is to get involved in activities we are passionate about.

W: Have you had any difficulties as a volunteer?

M: Definitely Lack of respect, acknowledgement, and lack of funds now and then.

W: Oh, my! Many obstacles!

M: So the most important spirit is perseverance.

W: I’d like to join you someday.

M: Any time.

Question:

17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?

18. What volunteer service did the man’s father do?

19. What does the man think is the best way to volunteer?

20. According to the man, which of the following is the most important for a volunteer?