初中英语牛津版 (深圳&广州)八年级下册Unit 6 Pets优秀课后测评
展开Unit 6 Pets
单元小结
学习目标:本单元话题是宠物,阅读关于饲养宠物的好坏的两大观点,能读懂相关难度的文章。也告诫我们热爱每个生命,保持自然界和谐,友好。
语法目标:学习副词的用法。
听说目标:能听懂关于介绍一种宠物短文。
写作目标:能够学会论述自己的观点。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词,短语及句式
要点1 complain和complaint的用法...............................................练习
要点2 responsibility的用法.....................................................练习
要点3 feed的用法...........................................................练习
要点4 lie用法..............................................................练习
要点5 choice和choose用法.....................................................练习
要点6 noisy用法............................................................练习
要点7 nearly的用法..........................................................练习
要点8 common的用法........................................................练习
要点9 believe的用法小结......................................................练习
要点10 die of和die from的用法..................................................练习
要点11 by doing 的用法.......................................................练习
要点12 hear sb. do和hear sb doing的用法 ...........................................练习
要点13 hold的用法..........................................................练习
要点14 the number of 和a number of的用法 .........................................练习
要点15 until的用法 ..........................................................练习
要点16 accorfing to的用法 .....................................................练习
要点17 learn from的用法 ......................................................练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 副词的用法.............................................................19
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析..............................................................21
要点2 词汇短语积累 ...........................................................21
要点3句式积累 ...............................................................22
要点4实战演练 ...............................................................23
【精讲精练】
一、重点单词,短语和句式
要点 1:complaint
I haven’t the patience to hear your complaints again. 我没耐性再听你的抱怨。
【拓展】
(1)complain vt. 投诉;抱怨
He complained that the exam was too hard. 他抱怨考试太难了。
2)complain vi. 投诉;抱怨(后面+to/about/of)
I’ve really got nothing to complain of. 我确实没有什么可抱怨的。
(3)complain to s B. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
He complains to the police about the noise from the bar. 他向警察投诉酒吧噪音(扰民)。
【典例分析】
1.The woman kept ______________ (complain)about the noise from her neighborhood last night.
2.They’ve received a number of______________ (complaint)from customers about their poor service.
【答案】1.complaining 动词 2.complaints 名词。抱怨。
要点 2:responsibility
responsibility n.责任
【例句】
It is parents’ responsibility to raise their children. 抚养孩子是父母的责任。
【拓展】
(1)responsible adj. 有责任的;负责的
(2)be responsible for=be in charge of 对……负责任
Who should be responsible for the fire accident?=Who should be in charge of the fire accident?
谁应该对这起火灾事故负责?
【典例分析】
1.A little child doesn’t feel much _______________ (responsible).
2.The driver _________ ____________ __________ (对……负责任) the passengers’ safety.
【答案】1. more responsible 2.is responsible for /has responsibility for
要点 3
feed v. 给(人或动物)食物;喂养(过去式和过去分词分别为fed, fed)
【例句】
He feeds the fish twice a day. 他每天给鱼喂食两次。
【拓展】
(1)feed on sth. 以……为食
Pandas don’t feed on grass. 熊猫不吃草。
(2)be fed up with... 厌烦……;厌倦……
I am fed up with the noise made by machines. 我厌倦了机器弄出的噪音。
【典例分析】
1.Blue whales are the largest and heaviest animals in the world, but they _______ the smallest sea animals.
A. feed in B. feed to C. feed on D. fed on
【答案】C
【解析】句意: 蓝鲸是世界上最大最重的动物,但它们吃最小的海洋动物。A插入,B向……提供饲料,C以为食,一般现在时,D以为食,一般过去时,根据 smallest sea animals,可知是把最小的海洋动物当食物,描述客观事实用一般现在时,故选C。
要点4 lie
lie的用法
(1)作为动词,意为“平躺;撒谎;位于”。作“躺”解时,其过去式和过去分词分别为lay, lain;作“撒谎”解时,其过去式和过去分词分别是lied, lied。其现在分词都是lying。
词组 lie around 无所事事地混日子;懒散度日
My grandmother likes lying in the sun.
我奶奶喜欢躺在太阳底下。
Tom likes lying to others. 汤姆喜欢跟他人撒谎。
My hometown lies in the east of the city. 我的家乡位于城市东部。
(2)作为名词,意为“谎言”。常用于tell a lie/lies to sb.意为“跟某人撒谎”。
Nobody likes Tom because he is always telling lies to people.
没有人喜欢汤姆,因为他总是喜欢跟人们撒谎。
【典例分析】
1.He is ________ ________ ________ ________(躺在床上) and watching TV.
【答案】lying on the bed
2.If you don't feel very well, you should ________ ________ (躺下来) and have a rest.
【答案】lie down
3.不要对我撒谎。
Don’t me.
【答案】lie to
4. 猫正卧在炉火旁。
The cat is____________ by the fire.
【答案】lying
5.科恩星期天一整天都在家无所事事。
On Sunday Cohen _______ _________ the house all day
【答案】lay around
要点 5 choice
名词为choice,意为“选择”。
常用于:
①make a choice to do sth. “选择去做某事”
I made a choice to make a nice card for my mother.
我选择为妈妈制作一张精美的卡片。
②have no choice but to do sth. “除了做某事之外别无选择”
I had no choice but to do as my father told me.
除了按我爸爸告诉我的要求去做之外,我别无选择。
拓展choose
(1)作为动词,意为“选择;挑选”。常用于以下表达中:
①choose (sb.)to do sth. “选择(某人)去做某事”
Tom chose to stay home watching TV. 汤姆选择待在家里看电视。
My teacher chose me to answer his question. 我的老师选择我来回答他的问题。
②choose sb.as... “选择某人作为……”
My classmates chose me as their monitor. 我的同学们选择我当班长。
③choose sb. sth.=choose sth. for sb. “为某人挑选某物”
My mother chose a special present for me on my birthday.
=My mother chose me a special present on my birthday.
在我生日时妈妈为我选择了一份特别的礼物。
【典例分析】
1.He chose me a nice present.(同义改写)
=He chose a nice present _________ __________.
【答案】for me
2. ① We go to the store to ___________ (挑选) presents for our friends.
② It’s my____________ (choose), not yours.
【答案】① choose 动词 ② choice 名词
3.我别无选择只得呆在家里。(完成句子)
I had _______ _______ ______ ________ __________ stay at home.
【答案】no choice but to
4.你必须在我们之间作出选择
You have to ________ _______ ________ between us.。
【答案】make a choice
5去泰国是一个好的选择。
It is a _________ _________ to go to Thailand.
【答案】good choice
要点 6: noisy
noisy adj. 吵闹的
【例句】
It is very noisy in the bar. 酒吧里很吵。
【辨析】noise, voice与sound
(1)noise 指不悦耳、不和谐的声音,即“噪音;喧闹声”。
The noise of the machine disturbed us. 机器的噪音吵到我们了。
(2)voice 多指人发出的说话声、歌声、笑声。
Please speak in a louder voice. 请更大点声说。
(3)sound 泛指任何声音,不论其音量高低、是否悦耳等。
I heard the sound of running water. 我听见了流水声。
【典例分析】
1.It’s very __________ (noise)here. I can hardly hear you.
2.Please don’t make a lot of __________(noisy). Your father is sleeping.
【答案】1.noisy 形容词。喧闹的 2.noise
3.用noise sound 和voice填空。
1.Don’t make any _________!
2.At midnight he heard a strange __________
3.The girl has a beautiful __________.
4.They are talking in low ___________
5.I heard the__________ of running water
【答案】1.noise 2.sound/noise 3.voice 4.voices 5.sound
要点 7: nearly
nearly adv.几乎;差不多
【例句】
It was nearly eight o’clock. 快8点了。
【辨析】nearly与 almost
(1)在肯定句中,两者通常可以互换。
He almost always arrives late.=He nearly always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。
He is almost as tall as his father.=He is nearly as tall as his father. 他差不多与他爸爸一样高。
(2)almost强调“差一点……就”(=very nearly), 可用于no, none, nothing等词前面,而nearly则无此用法; 但almost不能用not修饰。
Almost no one(=Hardly anyone)believes him again. 几乎没有人再相信他了。
The old man said almost nothing worth listening to. 那老人说的几乎没什么值得听的。
【典例分析】
1—This summer is very hot.
—Yes, but it’s not _________ as hot as last summer.
A. nearly B. almost C. near
2.His grandma is ___________ (near) 90 years old.
【答案】1.A nearly一般与not连用。 2.nearly 几乎,差不多。
要点 8:
common adj.常见的;通常的;普遍的
【例句】
Such behaviour of the little boy is common to his mother. 小男孩的妈妈对他的这种行为已司空见惯。
【拓展】
(1)commonly adv. 通常地;一般地
This software is commonly used in mobile phones. 这种软件在手机中被广泛使用。
(2)uncommon adj. 不寻常的;罕见的
Such car accidents are not uncommon on the highway. 这样的汽车事故在高速公路上并不罕见。
(3)in common 共同的;共有的
The twins have much in common. 这对双胞胎有许多共同点。
(4)It’s common knowledge that... ……是常识;……是众所周知的事
It’s common knowledge that the Sun rises in the east. 众所周知,太阳从东边升起。
【典例分析】
1.这对双胞胎有许多共同点。(完成句子)
The twins have _______ _________ _________.
2.Roses are quite _________ flowers in English gardens.
A. common B. different C. unusual
3. I have a lot ________ _________ (共同点) with my pen pal.
【答案】1.much in common 2.A common 形容词,普通的。3.in common
要点9 believe
believe作动词,意为“相信;认为有可能”。例如:
I don’t believe him. 我不相信他。
(1) believe用作及物动词时,后面可跟名词、代词或that/wh-从句作宾语,也可接that从句(表示将来)充当直接宾语的双宾语。例如:
I believe that man. 我相信那个人。
Everybody believed her. 大家都相信她。
He believed what his friend told him. 他相信他的朋友告诉他的话。
I believe you that he will be there. 我相信你他会在那里。
(2) believe后接从句如果表示否定,否定词往往要放在主句里。例如:
I don’t believe he can fix the bike. 我认为他修不好这辆自行车。
【拓展】
believe sb.与believe in sb.
believe与believe in都有“相信”的意思。其区别在于:believe sb.表示相信某人说的话是真的;而believe in sb.则指相信某人的人格。例如:
I can believe him, but I cannot believe in him.
我可以相信他的话是真的,但是不相信他的为人。
【典例分析】
1.I don't him. 我不相信他这个人。
【答案】believe in
2.She doesn't what I said. 她不相信我说的话。
【答案】believe
3.—Mom, I won the first prize in the speech competition!
—Wonderful! As long as you ________ yourself and keep trying, you will succeed.
A.dress up B.believe in C.pick up D.leave out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意:“妈妈,我演讲比赛得了一等奖!”“太棒了!只要你相信自己并不断努力,你会成功的。”根据句意可知,此处表示相信自己,故选B。
4. I ________ what you said, but I don’t ________ you.
A.believe; believe in B.believe in; believe C.believe; believe D.believe in; believed
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我相信你所说的话,但是我不信任你。
考查动词辨析。believe相信,相信某人的话;believe in信任(某人)。分析“I...what you said, but I don’t...you.”可知,第一句话表示“相信你的话”,用believe;第二句话表示信任某人,故用believe in。故选A。
5. I can ________ him, but I cannot ________ him.
A. believe; believe in B. believe; believe C. believe in; believe in D. believe in; believe
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我可以相信他说的话,但是我不会相信他的能力。believe sb相信某人的话;believe in
sb相信某人的能力或人品。故选A。
要点10
die(v) 死亡 death(n) 死亡
die为不及物动词,意为“死”,其过去式为died,现在分词为dying。
More than three hundred people died in the air crash. 在这次飞机失事中有300多人死亡。
She is ill and I’m afraid she’s dying. 她病了,恐怕快要死了。
译:他的母亲去世5年了。
误:His mother died for five years.
正:His mother has been dead for five years.
dead形容词,意为“死的,失去生命的”,在句中可作定语或表语。
He was watching his dead cat when I came in.
当我进来时,他正在注视着他的死去的猫。
I’m afraid he is dead. 我恐怕他已经去世了。
拓展:
① die of意为“因……而死”,一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。
Her grandfather died of cancer in 1992. 她的祖父于1992年死于癌症。
② die from意为“因……而死”,一般指由于外伤、事故等外因引起的死亡。
The old man died from a car accident last year. 那位老人去年死于一场车祸。
【典例分析】
1. —Do you know that Mr. Zhang passed by last week?
—Yes. He died ________ illness.
A. of B. from C. with D. as
【答案】A
【解析】die of意为“因……而死”,一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。
2. The lamb ________ for quite some time.
A. has died B. die C. has dead D. has been dead
【答案】D
【解析】die 是非延续性动词。不能与一段时间连用。故要用表示状态的词。答案选D
3. —When did the old man ________?
—In 2006. He ________ for nearly ten years.
A. die; died B. die; has been dead C. dead; has died D. dead; died
【答案】B 应用现在完成时且动词用延续性动词
4.那个婴儿死于发烧。
The baby _______ __________f a fever.
【答案】died of
5.那个老人死于一起交通事故。
The old man ________ _________ a traffic accident.
【答案】died from
要点11 by +sth./doing :
Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.
by +sth./doing :
以…...方式 I study English by listening to English songs.
by:① “在……的旁边”,表示位置,=near,beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”,表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过,没有停留。
③ “不迟于,在……之前”,
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过,用”,表示方法手段。如:
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被,由,受”,用于被动语态。如:
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1.There is a house by the river.
【答案】by介词,在旁边=beside,near
2.An old friend passed by me without stopping.
【答案】by 介词。“从……的旁边经过路过”
3.You must finish this work by Friday
【答案】by 介词。到。。。为止
4.I learn English by listening to the radio.
【答案】by介词“ 通过,用”
5.The cake was eaten by that little boy
【答案】by “被,由,受” 用于被动语态。
要点12
hear sb./sth.+动词原形:听见某人/某物(经常/过去)做…….
hear sb./sth.+动词-ing: 听见某人/某物正在做…….
I heard her play the piano in her room last night.
I hear her playing the piano in her room now.
hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事
【经典例句】
When I passed the room, I heard someone singing inside.
当我路过房间的时候,我听到有人在里面唱歌。
【考点聚焦】
1)注意区别hear sb. do和hear sb. doing:
hear sb. do sth.表示“听到某人做某事的全过程”。
hear sb. doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事”。
2)注意掌握hear的其他短语:
hear about听说关于…… hear of听说……
hear that ...听说…… hear from收到……的来信
还有see 和watch 还有类似用法
【典例分析】
1.—Is Tom in the next room?
—Well, it's hard to say. But I heard him _____ loudly when I passed by just now.
- speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking
【答案】D
【解析】由 when I passed by just now 可知,是强调动作正在进行,hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事,现在分词短语作宾语补足语。
2.While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish________ out of the water.
A.jumped B.to jump C.jumping D.are jumping
【答案】
【解析】。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事,see sb do sth看见某人做了某事。根据句意,当我沿着湖边散步时,我看见一些鱼从水里跳出来。故答案选C。
3.She was heard________ books.
A.to read B.reads C.read D.to be read
【答案】A
【解析】see sb do sth看见某人做了某事。被动语态to要加上。
4.I saw some boys basketball on the playground.
A. play B.to play C. played D. playing
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我看见一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事,see sb do
sth看见某人做了某事。根据句意,表示看见一些男孩正在打篮球,故用playing,故选D。
5.突然,我看到一只小熊在玩一些树枝和石头。
Suddenly, I ________ a baby bear ________ ________ some sticks and stones.
【答案】saw playing with
6.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier.
【答案】doing 表示看到某人正在做某事
7. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park.
【答案】dance 表示看到某人做了某事
要点13 hold
Hold them in our arm.抱着他们
Hold 抓住;握住;拿住
hold的其他含义:
Hold 是动词,意为“举行,举办,召开”,常可以用have来替换,过去式和过去分词均为held。
hold a meeting举行会议
hold a concert举行音乐会
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
hold | 保持;维持 | How long will this fine weather hold? 这样的好天气能维持多久? |
抓住;握住;拿住 | He held the thief by the arm. 他抓住那个小偷的胳膊。 | |
容纳;包含 | Our classroom can hold more than fifty students. 教室能容纳50多个学生。 | |
支撑……的重量 | The chair can’t hold your weight. 这把椅子不能承受你的重量。 | |
短语 | catch hold of抓住; hold on(电话)别挂断;稍等 |
【典例分析】
1. The Olympic Games _____every four years.
A. are held B. were hold C. are holding D. will hold
【答案】C
【解析】:hold是动词。从本题句意知是一般现在时的被动语态,句意是“奥林匹克运动会每四年被举行一次”故此小题选C。
2、翻译,指出下面Hold在各句的意义。
1)He was holding the baby in his arms.
【答案】他用胳膊抱着婴儿。hold 抓住;握住
2)We hold a sports meeting twice a year in our school.
【答案】我们学校每年举行两次运动会。hold
3)Hold your head up.
【答案】抬起头来。hold up 抬起。
4)I don't think the chair can hold your weight.
【答案】我想这把椅子支撑不住你的重量。Hold 支撑……的重量
5)The plane holds about 300 passengers.
【答案】这架飞机大约容纳300名乘客。Hold 容纳;包含
要点14 the number of/ a number of
(1)a number of 意为“许多”,后面接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large,great,small等修饰,构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如:
I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
(2)the number of意为“……的数量”,后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.
说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
【典例分析】
1.The number of people invited to the party________ fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
【答案】C
【解析】句意:被邀请参加聚会的人数是五十人,但由于种种原因,许多人都缺席了。
考查主谓一致。根据A number of大量、很多;后接可数名词复数或代词,谓语动词用复数形式;The number of……的数字/数目;当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数。结合“people”,故选C。
2.As we all know, __________ number of people learning Chinese is increasing rapidly.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
【答案】C
【解析】句意:众所周知,学习汉语的人数正在迅速增加。
考查冠词和a number of 和 the number of 的区别和用法。通常将冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三类。不定冠词有a 和 an两种形式,其中 a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用于元音音素开头的单词前;而定冠词只有the一种形式;根据空后number of 和“a number of 和 the number of 的区别和用法: 1、the number of意思是“……的数量”,跟复数名词连用作主语时,中心词是number,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。 2、a number of意思是“许多”,相当于 many,修饰可数名词复数。作主语时,谓语动词要用复数,”结合句意可知,此空应填定冠词the,故选C。
3.There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them _____ increasing.
A. has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are
【答案】C
【解析】主谓一致法。a number of books意为“大量的书”,可知句子的谓语动词用复数;the number of意为“……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数。故选C
4. ________ students in the school is over 2, 000.________ them are from the city.
A. The number of; A number of B. The number of; The number of
C. A number of; A number of D. A number of; The number of
【答案】A
【解析】the number of意为“……的数量”;a number of意为“许多……”。根据句意可知选A。
要点15 until
until意为“直到……”,有下列用法:
(1)作介词,后接时间名词,在句中作时间状语。例如:
She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她在那里一直等到9点钟。
(2)作连词,后接从句,引导时间状语从句。例如:
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
【拓展】
(1)until用在肯定句中,多与持续性的动词连用。如stand,wait,stay等,表示主句动作的终止时间。
He stayed there until midnight. 他在那里逗留到深夜。
(2)until可用于否定句中,即not…until…意为“直到……才”,常与非延续性动词连用。如open,start,leave,arrive等,强调主句动作开始的时间。例如:
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到父亲回来,那个孩子才睡觉。
【典例分析】
1, 直到我去找老师帮忙,我才解出这道题。
I ___________ _______ the problem _________ I went to my teacher for help.
【答案】didn’t solve until
2. 昨晚,直到爸爸回来我才睡觉。
I ________ ________ to bed ________ my father came back home.
【答案】didn’t go until
3.昨晚他等我直到雨停下来。
He waited for me ________the rain stopped.
【答案】until
4.—Excuse me, is it my turn now?
—Not yet. Please wait on the chair ______ your name is called.
A.and B.until C.although D.since
【答案】B。考查连词的用法。句意:“请问,现在轮到我了吗?”“还没有。请在椅子上等着,直到叫你的名字。”and意为“和”;until意为“直到……”;until 直到,肯定句主句谓语动词一定要有延续性。Wait是延续的的动词。although意为“虽然”;since意为“自从”。根据句意可知答案为B。
5. I didn’t finish my homework________ 10:30 last night.
A. until B. after C. though D. if
【答案】A句意:昨晚直到10:30我才完成家庭作业。本题考查连词。A. until直到 B. after在…后 C. though 尽管D. if假如,not...until...表示“直到……才……”,符合语义,故选A。
6. We ______ until he came back.
A. left B. not leave C. waited D. wait
【答案】 C .until 直到,用于否定句中表示“直到。。。才”主句谓语动词可用非延续性动词。B否定形式错误,要用didn’t leave。
要点 16
according to 据(……所说)。后接名词或代词。如:
According to the police, the accident has nothing to do with the organization.
警方称,此次事故与该组织无关。
According to him, Sarah is honest, wise and hard-working.
据他说,萨拉诚实智慧,勤奋好学。
【典例分析】
1.他们俩都依章行事。
They both played the game ________ _________ the rules.
【答案】according to
2. ______ the school rules, everyone should attend school on time.
A. According to B. Close to C. Next to D. In front of
【答案】C
【解析】According to 根据。。。。符合题意。
要点17
learn... from... 意为“向…… 学习……”,其后可接名词、代词、动名词。
【举例】
Children can learn a lot from books. 孩子们可以从书本上学到很多。
【拓展】
learn sth. 学习某事; learn to do sth. 学习做某事; learn... by heart用心记; learn how to do sth. 学习如何做某事;learn about 了解;得知。
My brother is learning English now. 我的弟弟正在学英语。
The boy soon learned the poem by heart. 这个男孩不久便能熟背这首诗了。
【典例分析】
你为何不从我的错误中吸取教训呢?(根据汉语意思补全句子,每空一词)
Why don’t you _________ _________ my mistakes?
【答案】learn from
A 副词的用法
1 在英语中副词可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子
2 形容词构成相应的副词的一般规律:
形容词类型 | 构成相应副词的方法 | 举例 |
一般情况 | 在形容词后直接加 -ly | quick — quickly slow — slowly |
以y结尾的形容词 | 先将y改成i,再加 -ly | happy — happily busy — busily |
绝大多数以e结尾的形容词 | 直接加 -ly | polite — politely wide — widely |
少数以e结尾的形容词 | 要去掉e再加 -ly | true — truly terrible — terribly |
特殊情况 | 与形容词同形 | early adj. — early adv. high adj. — high adv. |
3 在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如early, much, fast, late, hard, high, little, wide, loud等。 由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。
B 副词的比较级和最高级
副词的比较级和最高级的构成:
1 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-est。如:hard — harder — hardest; fast — faster — fastest
2 以字母e结尾的副词,直接加-r或-st。如: late — later — latest
3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-est。如:early — earlier — earliest
4 凡由形容词后加-ly构成的副词,前加more或 most。如:
beautifully — more beautifully — most beautifully; clearly — more clearly — most clearly
5 不规则变化:well — better — best; badly — worse — worst; little — less — least; much — more — most; far — farther / further — farthest / furthest
【典例分析】
1. Imaginary things can sometimes create excitement _____________ (easy)than real ones.
【答案】more easily修饰动词用副词。两者比较用比较级。
2. Cornelius and Rosa grew their flowers ____________ (quick)and they won the competition.
【答案】(the)most quickly通过句意这里用副词最高级。The可以省略。
3. The book was extremely successful and sold________ (fast)than any of Dumas’s other works.
【答案】faster fast副词与形容词同形。
4. I can write ________________ (beautiful)than the others in our class.
【答案】more beautiful 修饰动词用副词。
5. Your handwriting is _______ good. (real)
【答案】really副词修饰形容词。
6. These apples taste ________ and sell _______. (good)
【答案】good well taste尝试起来后面用形容词构成系表结构。相似的词还有:feel sound smell look。后一空用副词。
7. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ________. (hard)
【答案】hard hard副词激烈地,剧烈地。Hardly 几乎不
8. Ken often works ______ into the night but he is never _____ for work. (late)
【答案】late, late 第一空late副词, 第二空late 形容词。
9. He listened __________ and answered the question. (careful)
【答案】carefully副词修饰动词。
8. Jack doesn’t jump so _______ as his classmates. (high)
【答案】high high形容词和副词同形。
【话题分析】
本单元话题是宠物,阅读了饲养宠物狗的两个观点,让我们学会了如何表达自己的观点和支持观点的论述,在书面表达中我们还学习了如何写议论文,先开门见山提出观点,陈述你的理由,得出结论。这三大步骤。
【短语积累】
1. 饲养动物 2.照顾,照料
3.除了……别无选择 4. 四处自由走的,自由自在
5.无所事事的混日子,懒散度日 6.阻止某人做某事
7.对……忠诚的 8. 死于
9.根据。。。 10. 训练一只狗
11. 意识到……的重要性 12.给你带来幸福感
【答案】1. keep / raise an animal 2. care for 3. have no choice but to do 4. run free 5. lie around 6. keep sb. from doing sth. 7. be faithful to … 8. die of 9. according to ...... 10. train a dog 11. realize the importance of... 12. bring you lots of happiness
【句式积累】
1. 养宠物狗是一个好主意。(keep pet dogs)
【答案】Keeping pet dogs is a good idea.
2. ……看着它们长大是一件美好的事情。(it’s wonderful to do; grow up)
【答案】… it’s wonderful to see them grow up.
3. 其次,我们可以通过饲养狗来培养责任感。(learn sth. from …)
【答案】Second, we can learn responsibility from keeping dogs.
4. 据我妈妈所说,这样做能帮助我们成为更有责任心的人。(according to; help sb. do)
【答案】According to my mum, this helps us become more responsible people.
5. 少量的宠物狗甚至会攻击人。(a small number of)
【答案】A small number of pet dogs even attack people.
6.他的父母亲死于一场交通事故。
【答案】His parents died from a traffic accident
7.骑自行车不仅能让我们锻炼身体,还对环境有利。
【答案】Riding bikes helps us exercise. In addition, it’s good for the environment.
8.这样做有很多原因。(reason for)
【答案】There are lots of reasons for doing this.
9. 昨天糟糕的天气阻止了飞机准时降落。(keep … from doing)
【答案】The bad weather yesterday kept the plane from landing on time.
10. 直到铃声响起,学生们才离开了教室。(not … until)
【答案】The students didn’t leave the classroom until the bell rang.
【实战演练】
宠物与人之间的关系
你们班组织了一场讨论。讨论的主题是:城市是否可以饲养宠物?请根据下面的要点,总结讨论结果。
支持饲养宠物的同学认为:
1. 安慰孤独的心;
2. 人与动物和谐相处,增添生活乐趣。
反对饲养宠物的同学认为:
1. 造成环境污染;
2. 很吵闹,甚至会伤人。
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【写作指导】
此篇作文属于应用文,主要内容是根据班级的一次讨论主题展示出讨论的内容以及总结讨论结果。写作内容渗透着本单元的话题和语言目标——谈论宠物与人之间的关系。
在写作过程中要明确以下几点:1. 构思时,可将文章分为三个部分来写:(1)支持者的观点;(2)反对者的观点;(3)总结讨论结果。
2. 全文应使用一般现在时态。
3. 可先将要点进行整合,然后再加工,尽量用不同句式来表达,可使用关联词使文章层次分明。
【范文赏析】
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets at homes in the city.
Some students think it’s a good idea to keep pets, because people who feel lonely at home can get some comforts from pets. Besides, pet dogs can warn men of thieves and cats can keep rats down in the houses. They also believe that getting along well with animals will make people’s life interesting. On the contrary, the other students are against the idea. In their opinions, pets may be dirty, smelly and dangerous. Some pets may even transmit diseases. What is worse, pets may make too much noise and even attack people.
I like animals, so I don’t think it’s bad to keep pets at homes. But we must take some measures to take very good care of them and stop them from polluting the environment.
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