黄金卷05-【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（广东、山东卷）

【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（山东、广东卷）

黄金卷05

（考试时间：120分钟  试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分  阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

The Curb-cut Effect(路缘坡效应)refers to the fact that supporting small groups of people often ends up helping much larger ranges of society

Curb cuts: Easing the walking

In the 1940s, hundreds of thousands of World War Ⅱ soldiers returned home with disabilities. Disappointed by the difficulties they faced, Jack Fisher of Kalamazoo, Michigan, as one of them, asked his city government to build an experimental curb cut-a gentle slope that brings the end of a sidewalk down to meet the level of the street-at the corners of several blocks downtown. A few months later, Fisher reported that even residents without wheelchairs were enjoying the impact of the little slopes.

Reading machines: Getting the message

In 1976, technologist Ray Kurzweil invented a machine for the blind and visually damaged to change images into text that it then read aloud. Smart speakers with those voices are now in roughly one-quarter of US homes. By detecting street signs and house numbers, it is helping build the maps that self-driving cars use to navigate the world.

Closed captions(字幕): Following the conversation

Sears launched the first TV with a built-in equipment that allowed deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers to read along with their favorite programs in 1980. In the 1990s, text became increasingly common as DVDs and, later, streaming services added the ability to switch the words on at will. A 2006 survey found that only around 20 percent of the people using captions had hearing problems.

DeafSpace designs: Keeping things quiet

More than 150 designs of the DeafSpace Project came from architect Hansel Bauman. One aim is to clear distracting noises, which can make it difficult for people to use their limited hearing abilities. By keeping conversations and other sound disturbances from walking and jumping around the room, these ways also make it easier for all sorts of students and workers to focus.

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1. Who were the four inventions initially intended to serve?

A. The army. B. Special groups. C. All human beings. D. Professionals.

2. What might be Jack Fisher?

A. A city designer. B. A city governor. C. A disabled soldier. D. An ordinary roadman.

3. Whose invention helps people to concentrate?

A. Sears'. B. Jack Fisher's. C. Ray Kurzweil's. D. Hansel Bauman's.

B

By age 12, Gavin Svenson had a strong interest in insects. He couldn’t get enough of digging for them, watching them, and collecting them. He remembers that his parents patiently indulged (纵容) his passion for insects even as he stored them in the fridge of their home.

Around that age, Svenson saw an interview with an insectologist on TV and thought,“Whoa! You can do this as a job?” Clearly, yes, which explains how he ended up as the curator (馆长) at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.

Deep interests that present at an early age often stay with us throughout life, says Susan Newman, a social psychologist.

So how do you help your teenager find their passion? Parents can be patient and supportive

without overdoing it. Svenson feels his parents found the night balance. “My parents were super supportive, but it was mostly me driving it,” says Svenson. Though his parents had some worries about his narrow choice of a career path, they never tried to force him to change it.

Teens are likely to try lots of new activities and may drop them almost as quickly as they pick them up. So how can parents know when it’s a true passion and when not? Newman describes a passion as “an interest or activity that you can’t get enough of; it keeps you coming back for more.” Newman says, “As a parent, you’ll notice that you can’t get their attention because they are totally absorbed.”

But what if the passion that’s absorbing your child is not the one you would have picked for them? “Parents have to realize that their children are separate human beings with interests, likes, and dislikes hat can be very different from their own,” says Newman. “You have to let your teen take the lead in what interests them.”

Now a parent himself, Svenson concurs. “Never lower your kids’ interests. Kids are smart, and they have a great ability to form their own opinion.”

4. Why did Svenson store insects in the fridge of his home?

A. To cook them. B. To study them.

C. To follow an expert’s advice. D. To play a joke on his parents.

5. What does Svenson think of his parents?

A. They are on his side.

B. They are single-minded.

C. They should not change his life.

D. They should not worry about him.

6. What advice might Newman give parents?

A. To let their kids find their own interest.

B To develop the same interest as their kids.

C. To pick a long-term interest for their kids.

D. To help their kids stick with their interest.

7. What might the underlined word “concurs” in the last paragraph mean?

A. Feels surprised. B. Refuses all help.

C. Makes promises. D. Expresses agreement.

C

Back in ancient times, philosophers like Aristotle were already speculating about the origins of taste, and how the tongue sensed elemental tastes like sweet, bitter, salty and sour. “What we discovered just a few years ago is that there are regions of the brain-regions of the cortex-where particular fields of neurons represent these different tastes again, so there’s a sweet field, a bitter field, a salty field, etcetera.” Nick Ryba, a sensory neuroscientist(感官神经科学家) at the National Institutes of Health.

Ryba and his colleagues found that you can actually taste without a tongue at all, simply by stimulating the “taste” part of the brain-the insular cortex. They ran the experiment in mice with a special sort of brain implant-a fiber-optic cable that turns neurons on with a pulse of laser light. And by switching on the “bitter” sensing part of the brain, they were able to make mice pucker up, as if they were tasting something bitter-even though absolutely nothing bitter was touching the tongues of the mice.

In another experiment, the researchers fed the mice a bitter flavoring on their tongues-but then made it more palatable by switching on the “sweet” zone of the brain. “What we were doing here was adding the sweetness, but only adding it in the brain, not in what we were giving to the mouse.” Think adding sugar to your coffee-but doing it only in your mind. The findings appear in the journal Nature.

Ryba says the study suggests that a lot of our basic judgments about taste-sweet means good, bitter means bad-are actually hard-wired at the level of the brain. As for that virtual-sugar-in-your-coffee idea?“I think it’s basically science fiction to think that this would be something that would be applied to humans.”But today’s science fiction might be tomorrow’s artificial sweetener.

8. The author referred to Aristotle in the first paragraph to________.

A. explain the question with philosophical ideas.

B. point out the mistakes of the ancient philosophers.

C. indicate the difference between philosophy and science.

D. show people were concerned about this problem long ago.

9. What can we say about the insular cortex?

A. It reacts the same to all the tastes.

B. It plays a large role in cognition and consciousness.

C. It can be implanted in another person's brain.

D. It can't pair appropriate emotions with outside events.

10. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the text?

A. Our basic judgments about taste may differ in time.

B. Today’s science fiction might go to future's kitchen.

C. Artificial sweeteners will change our brain structure one day.

D. The virtual-sugar-in-your-coffee idea may come true in the future.

11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Who has damaged our taste?

B. The brain alone may be able to sense the taste.

C. Change your tongue and taste the delicious food.

D. The sweet spot: disappearing taste center of human brain

D

The argument that human-caused carbon emissions are merely a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumor mill for years. And while it seems to be reasonable, the science just doesn’t back it up.

According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), the world’s volcanoes, both on land and undersea, generate about 200 million tons of carbon dioxide annually, while our automotive and industrial activities cause some 24 billion tons of CO2 emissions every year worldwide. Despite the arguments to the contrary, the facts speak for themselves: Greenhouse gas emissions from volcanoes compose less than one percent of those generated by today’s human activities.

Another indication that human emissions surpass those of volcanoes is the fact that atmospheric CO2 levels, as measured by sampling stations around the world, have gone up consistently year after year regardless of whether or not there have been major volcanic eruptions in specific years. “If it were true that individual volcanic eruptions dominated human emissions and were causing the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations, then these carbon dioxide records would be full of spikes—one for each eruption,” says Coby Beck, a journalist writing for online environmental news. “Instead, such records show a smooth and regular trend.”

Furthermore, some scientists believe that volcanic eruptions, like that of Mt. St. Helens in 1980 and Mt. Pinatubo in 1991, actually lead to short-term global cooling, not warming, as sulfur dioxide (SO2), ash and other particles in the air and stratosphere reflect some solar energy instead of letting it into Earth’s atmosphere.

Scientists tracking the effects of the major 1991 eruption of the Philippines’ Mt. Pinatubo found that the overall effect of the blast was to cool the surface of the Earth globally by some 0.5 degrees Celsius a year later.

In an interesting twist on the issue, volcanic activity may be contributing to the melting of ice caps in Antarctica but not because of any emissions, natural or man-made. Instead, scientists Hugh Corr and David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey believe that volcanoes underneath Antarctica may be melting the continent’s ice sheets from below, just as warming air temperatures from human-induced emissions erode them from above.

12. According to Paragraph 1, some people argue that________.

A. their opinion is supported by science

B. volcanoes generate most of the greenhouse gases

C. human activities are to blame for greenhouse gases

D. carbon emissions produced by volcanoes are increasing

13. What does the underlined word “spikes” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Sudden increases. B. Smooth trends. C. Stable regularities. D. Sharp declines.

14. According to this passage, what do the scientists believe about volcanic eruptions?

A. They brought about global warming.

B. They actually partly cooled the surface of the Earth.

C. They melted the ice sheets in Antarctic from above.

D. They dominated human emissions in greenhouse effect.

15. The purpose of the passage is to________.

A. compare the results of the studies

B. contradict a view held by some people

C. present new findings for greenhouse phenomenon

D. report the effects of CO2 in greenhouse phenomenon

第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend____16____But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.

1.Associate with others.

The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.

2.Start a conversation

Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.___17___You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.

3.___18___

Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.

4. Let it grow.

It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.___19___.The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.

5. Enjoy your friendship

The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.___20___.Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.

A. Be cheerful.

B. Do things together.

C. Do not wait to be spoken to.

D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.

F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.

G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

第二部分  语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节  完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Since the first day of preschool, I was always the type to invest more time in my physical war than social activities, the type that ____21____ the girls who could get up in front of the class and ____22____ give a presentation. Anything in the area of being vocally confident was never my ____23____. But now I’m different. Such a change ____24____ my summer job.

My entire existence has been defined by the summers I’ve spent in Avalon, New Jersey. Then, in my 14th summer, I got a job, which made a ____25____ to me.

At first it frightened me: The idea of having to ____26____ my freedom. Not only was the loss of freedom saddening me, but the ____27____ in me came out to play when I realized that I was going to launch myself into a completely ____28____ environment.

The place was Brian’s Waffle House. At the beginning I was very nervous, ____29____ I gradually pushed myself much more and boosted my confidence. I’ve made so many great friends that I’ll _____30_____ contact with even when the Waffle House is long gone. The time in the Brian’s Waffle House is not dull. And every customer is a valuable part of the _____31_____.

My summer job has helped guide me in my own personal growth. Now I _____32_____ to sing in front of a large group of people. And I never miss a _____33_____ to allow my fashionable style to shine. If I hadn’t walked into the shop, I wouldn’t have _____34_____ the social skills I have now. I will be _____35_____ for the lessons and values I have learned forever.

21. A. ignored B. convinced C. envied D. consulted

22. A. confidently B. definitely C. fortunately D. secretly

23. A. expectation B. strength C. excuse D. ambition

24. A. emerged from B. departed from C. suffered from D. recovered from

25. A. introduction B. contribution C. discovery D. difference

26. A. excite B. possess C. abandon D. threaten

27. A. shyness B. delight C. curiosity D. pressure

28. A. secure B. strange C. formal D. natural

29. A. as B. or C. but D. so

30. A. restore B. lose C. establish D. maintain

31. A. memory B. experience C. incident D. journey

32. A. dare B. fail C. promise D. demand

33. A. goal B. plan C. choice D. chance

34. A. assessed B. acquired C. exercised D. applied

35. A. ready B. eager C. grateful D. suitable

第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）

    阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you dream of traveling the world in search of adventures, delicious food and different cultures? ____36____ (sad), many ambitious travelers never take action ____37____ (travel) the world because they’re worried that a gap in their resume (简历) could affect their careers when they return. It seems that people with international work experience are more popular. Well, ____38____ is the value of international work experience?

In an increasingly globalized world, applicants who are comfortable engaging with different cultures and people from different backgrounds ____39____ (favor) by many employers. Navigating a new country, often in a foreign language, immersing ____40____ (you) in a new culture and adapting to new customs shows that you’re flexible, respectful and resourceful.

Living and working abroad leads to personal and often professional ____41____ (grow). Even if your work abroad was in ____42____ different field to your current career, it will still have added a range of new soft and interpersonal skills to your skill set.

Having lived and ____43____ (work) abroad also shows an employer that you are willing to move out of your comfort zone, and that you can build a new network. As with any experience, the value of international work experience____44____ (depend) on the job you’re applying for, so make sure to always adapt how you describe your experience _____45_____ each position.

第三部分  写作（共两节, 满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

46. 请你为21st Century写一篇报道，介绍你校为高三学生创立的“心灵城堡 (Soul Castle)”专栏 (column)，并从正面谈谈自己的感想。内容要点包括：

开设目的：缓解压力，确保健康；

专栏优势：专业指导；

专栏内容：建议，心声；

你的感想：

参考词汇：expertise n. 专门知识：专门技术；专家的意见

from a psychological/physiological point of view 从心理学/生理学的观点

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节（满分25分）

    阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I took a trip to visit New York with my dad after graduating from high school. One of the places on his list for us to visit was a “rare violin shop” since I played the violin all four years and participated in the honor orchestra as well. We made our way down the crowded streets and eventually stopped in front of a tall building.

This building was not what I pictured when I heard “rare violin shop”. I’d been imagining a street-level shop, open to the public, with some interesting and old violins on display, maybe with a luthier (制琴师) in the back. As we walked inside, took the elevator to the sixth floor, and stood in front of an apartment, I knew something felt off. I voiced my concern to my dad as he rang the doorbell but was ignored. My dad had never been great at interpreting social standards.

We were greeted by a receptionist who asked if we had an appointment, since they were by appointment only. I wanted the ground to swallow me whole and I was instantly aware of the sweaty, summer tourist clothes we had on. My dad eagerly told them that no, we didn’t but, “my daughter plays the violin with her high school orchestra and isn’t that great? And we would love to just go inside and browse! Don’t mind us!”

The receptionist gave him a strange look but took it in stride (泰然处之) and excused herself to talk to someone behind a door. She came back with the owner, a well-dressed man, who told us that since he had no other appointments right now, he would love to give us a tour!

The starting price for a violin here, we found out, was very high. He showed us around a very private-feeling and swanky (时髦且豪华的)-looking apartment, pointed out a room where he casually mentioned he would chat with Joshua Bell when he came by, and opened the most interesting two-person safe I’ve ever seen to show me several multi-million-dollar violins.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

He asked me questions about my orchestra and what pieces I liked to play as well.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I don’t remember his name at this point, but I am very grateful to him.

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