专题6 力学（机械效率计算类）-中考物理计算题专题提升培优练（全国通用）
展开语法专题六、形容词和副词（必考）
考点1：形容词、副词的基本用法
(1) 形容词一般放在名词前面, be动词后面。副词一般放在动词后面或形容词前面 ，副词一般以ly结尾。（特例-ly结尾的形容词：friendly友好的, lovely可爱的, lively活泼的）
但有的动词后面只能用形容词。如常考词：五个感官动词：look， feel，smell， taste， sound；四个变得 ：turn， get， become，go (变质)； 四个句型： keep， make，think, make /stay
如：The book is interesting. This is an interesting book .The boy looks sad.
(2) 形容词修饰复合不定代词 (something， anything， nothing， everything， somebody anybody， nobody， everybody， everyone)时，要放在这些复合不定代词的后面。
如：The teacher has something important to tell us.
(3) enough (足够) 放在名词前面，形容词、副词后面。
如：I don't have enough money to buy the bike.
(2022·云南省昆明市·单元测试)—How about the fruit salad?
—Yummy! It tastes very ______. By the way, who made it?
A. good B. bad C. well D. badly
考点2：形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化规则
基 本 变 化 规 则 | 例 词 |
(1) 一般情况下比较级在词尾直接加er，最高级加est。 | small—smaller—smallest strong—stronger—strongest |
(2) 以e结尾的词，在词尾加r构成比较级，加st构成最高级。 | nice—nicer—nicest late—later—latest |
(3) 以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，把y改i， 再加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级。 | heavy—heavier—heaviest easy—easier—easiest |
(4) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写辅音字母， 再加er或est构成比较级和最高级。 | big—bigger—biggest hot—hotter—hottest fat---fatter---fattest red---redder---reddest thin---thinner---thinnest |
(5) 其他双音节或多音节词在词前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级,最高级前加the | important—more important—most important strongly—more strongly—most strongly carefully---more carefully---most carefully |
不 规 则 变 化 的 词 | |
many / much – more – most | good / well – better - best |
bad / badly / ill – worse –worst | little—less—least |
far—farther—farthest (距离远) | far—further—furthest (深入的，) |
old—older—oldest (岁数大，东西旧)/ | old—elder—eldest (辈份大) |
形容词等级口诀 比较级要变化，一般词尾加-er，词尾若有哑音就可以直接加r。 一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写。辅音字母后有y，把y改成i。 最高级加-est，莫忘前面加the。形容词若是多音节，记得前面加more、most。 |
考点3：形容词、副词的基本句型
(1) 原级的用法
句型 | 例句 |
① very， quite， rather， too， enough， so 等词修饰原级 | ① The street is very busy. ② The book is quite interesting. |
② 表示 A 与B一样时，用： A …＋as＋原级 ＋as ＋B (和……一样) | ① Tom is as tall as Kate. ② Tom runs as quickly as Kate |
③ 表示 A 不如B 时， 用： A…＋not ＋as / so ＋原级 ＋as＋B (不如) | ①This story isn't as / so interesting as that one.②My brother doesn't write as / so well as me. |
(2) 比较级的用法 （两者的比较或选择）
句型 | 例句 |
① 比较级 ＋ than ＋ 被比较的对象 | ① He is taller than his father. ② Who jumps higher， Tom or Jim？ |
② 比较级＋ and ＋ 比较级 more and more ＋原级 | ① hotter and hotter 越来越热 ② more and more useful 越来越有用 |
③ the ＋ 比较级， the ＋ 比较级 （越……，越……） | ① The more you take exercise， the healthier you will be. |
④ less +原级+ than （不如） | ① The room is less beautiful than that one. |
⑤ the + 比较级 + of the two （两者中更…:） | ① Jim is the taller of the two. |
注意：比较级前面还可以用以下词来修饰：much（得多）， a little/a bit ( 有点)， even（甚至）， far（远远地）， still（仍然）， three times （三倍）等。 例如：
Why not get up a little earlier？
The book is twice cheaper than that one.
(3) 最高级的用法 （三者或以上的比较或选择）
句型 | 例句 |
① the ＋ 最高级 ＋of / in ＋比较的范围 | ① I am the earliest in my class every day. ② Which do you like best, English , Chinese or math? |
② one of the ＋ 最高级 ＋ 名词复数 (最……之一) | ① This is one of the most expensive paintings in the world. |
③ the ＋ 序数词 ＋ 最高级 ＋ 名词单数 (第几最……) | ① Shanghai is the first largest city in China.
|
注意：
(1) 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时不用the：He is my best friend.
(2) 同类事物才能够相比较：The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing.
(2014·天津市·历年真题)Liu Xiang is one of runners in the world．
A. famous B. more famous C. most famous D. the most famous
考点4【易混词辨析】
(1)alone， lonely
① alone 形容词，“单独的，独自的”。副词，“独自地”。
② lonely 形容词，“孤独的，寂寞的，荒凉的”。如He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
(2) good， well
① good 形容词，“好的”。
② well 副词，是“好地 ”意思。作形容词时是“身体健康的”。作名词时是“井”。
(3) interesting， interested， interest
① interesting 形容词，“有趣的”。
② interested 形容词，“感到有趣的”。常用词组：be interested in (对……感兴趣)
③ interest 名词，“兴趣，爱好”。动词，“使某人感兴趣”。
注意：-ing 类形容词常用来形容物。-ed类形容词常用来形容人的感觉。
Most students are excited about the exciting film.
(4) hard， hardly
① hard形容词，“大的，困难的，硬的”。副词，“大地，努力地”。
② hardly 副词，“几乎不”。
(5) some times， sometimes， some time， sometime
① some times 几次或几倍 ②sometimes 有时＝at times
③ sometime 过去或将来的某个时候 ④some time 一段时间
(6) much too， too much， too many
①much too ＋形容词、副词原级；表示“非常，极其，太”
②too much ＋ 不可数名词；表示“太多”。
③too many ＋ 名词复数； 表示“太多”。
(7) so，such “如此；这样”
① so＋adj. /adv. ; 如 She is so beautiful.她是如此的美丽。
② such (＋a/an)＋adj. ＋n. 如 She is such a beautiful girl.她是如此美丽的一个女孩儿。
(8) either， too， also
① either和 too都放于句尾。either用于否定句，too用于肯定句。
②also用于句子中间。We also went to see a film.
考点5 词义辨析
形容词和副词还有一个重要考点就是词义辨析，根据题意选择正确的形容词或副词。所以背诵单词是基础，同学们一定要坚持每天背诵单词，烂熟于心。
中考语法—形容词和副词专项练习
（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）
- She lived _________in a small village，but she didn't feel__________．
A. lonely，lonely B. alone，lonely C. lonely，alone
- This book is not ______ that one.
A. as good as B. so good than C. as well as D. so better than
- We don’t have _________, so we can’t do the work ___________.
A. enough time; well enough B. enough time; good enough
C. time enough; enough good D. enough time; enough well
- As an adult, he must work ______ to make ______ to support his family.
A. hardly enough; enough money B. enough hard; enough money
C. hardly enough; money enough D. hard enough; enough money
- —Have you bought_________for Linda’s birthday? —Not exactly. Just some flowers.
A. something unusual B. anything unusual
C. unusual something D. unusual anything
- —Is there ______ in todayˈs newspaper?
—Yes, quite a lot.
A. anything interesting B. something interesting
C. interesting anything D. interesting something
- To make rivers_______________ than before， everybody is supposed to protect them．
A. dirty B. dirtier C. clean D. cleaner
- I failed to catch the last bus on that cold winter night. I couldn't feel then.
A. more excited B. more terrible
C. the most excited D. the most terrible
- My time in the middle school was ______ one of periods of my life.
A. exciting B. more exciting
C. the more exciting D. the most exciting
- —Let's go out for a walk.
—You'd better not. These days the air is getting much ______ than it was before.
A. better B. worse C. cleaner D. easier
- —What do you think of the film?
—It's _______ film I've ever seen.
A. the most excited B. more excited
C. the most exciting D. more exciting
- Tom studies ______, so he ______ fails the exam.
A. hardly; hardly B. hard; hardly C. hard; hard D. hardly; hard
- My cousin is ____ heavy because he often eats ____ fast food.
A. much too; too many B. too much; too much
C. much too; too much
- The woman is ______ fat because she eats ______ junk food.
A. much too; too much B. much too; much too
C. too much; too much D. too many; much too
- It was ______ for us to solve the math problem, few of us could even understand it.
A. easy enough B. enough easy
C. difficult enough D. enough difficult
- Cloth shoes became popular during the Ming Dynasty,______ in Sichuan province.
A. hardly B. nearly C. really D. especially
- — Is your father strict with you?
—Yes. He takes my grades as ______ as my teachers do.
A. serious B. more serious C. seriously D. more seriously
- Tina ______ drives to work. But today she drives because of the rain.
A. always B. often C. sometimes D. hardly
- —Your handwriting is beautiful.
—Thank you, I write _________ than before.
A. careful B. more careful C. more carefully D. carefully
- It is ______for him to get to school on time，because it is raining ______．
A. hard； hardly B. hardly； hard C. hard； hard
- —Hello, Jenny. I can't find my math book ______. Did you see it?
—Sorry, I didn't.
A. everywhere B. anywhere C. somewhere D. nowhere
- My father is very busy. He ________ has spare time.
A. always B. usually C. seldom D. sometimes
- ______ you study, the better grades you will get.
A. Hard B. Harder C. The harder D. The hardest
- —May I be allowed to choose a summer course？
—It's up to you． You're ____ to make your own decision．
A. too old B. enough old C. old enough
- Jenny, it's time to practice the piano. ______you practice, _______you'll play.
A. More; better B. More; worse
C. The more; the better D. The less; the better
- Learn ______, and you will be a successful learner.
A. wisely B. lazily C. quickly D. blindly
- The specials in the restaurant taste and sell .Many customers come here on weekends.
A. well；good B. good；good C. good；well
- Roy is a great dancer. He dances_______than others.
A. beautifully B. more beautifully
C. less beautifully D. most beautifully
- Nora opened the box. To her surprise, ______ it was a gold watch.
A. outside B. inside C. beside D. behind
- The coach thinks ________ of Mary's sports talents, for she jumped very ________ at the sports meeting.
A. high; high B. highly; highly C. high; highly D. highly; high
- Have you seen my mobile phone, Sam? I can't find it ______.
A. everywhere B. somewhere C. nowhere D. anywhere
- To avoid making mistakes, please read the questions ______ before you answer them.
A. careful B. careless C. carefully D. carelessly
- —How often do you usually go to work by subway?
—______. I always take a bus, because there is no subway in this city.
A. Sometimes B. Often C. Never D. Seldom
- —Why didn′t you go to the party?
—It began to rain ________ when I wanted to go out.
A. heavy B. heavily C. hardly D. strong
- The model Sydney Opera House looks ______ the real one in Australia.
A. as wonderful as B. as wonderfully as
C. so wonderful as D. so wonderfully as
- This temple is one of ______ buildings in the town. We must take action to protect it.
A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest
- Kate is girl. She's very happy at school.
A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-year-old
C. an eighteen-years-old D. a eighteen-years-old
- What bad weather! The radio says it will be even ________ tomorrow.
A. bad B. badly C. worse D. worst
- You are doing great! I've never had ___________ answer before.
A. better B. best C. a better D. the best
- Most of the people in Tibet are getting__________．
A. more and more rich B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. richer and richest
- —How do you like Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone?
—It is ________ book I ________ since Grade Two.
A. the most interested； have read B. a more interested； read
C. the most interesting； have read D. a more interesting； read
- — Are these _____ girlsˈ wonderful performances recorded?
— No, they are covered _____.
A. alive; live B. lively; alive C. alive; alive D. lively; live
- The little girl is wearing a new skirt today. She looks ________.
A. beautifully B. lovely C. happily D. excitedly
- When Ben saw his lovely dog—Sam, he was ________.
A. happy B. happily C. more happy D. happlier
- Susan has a ________ voice and her dream is to become a pop singer some day.
A. happily B. quietly C. beautifully D. lovely
- It is better to travel 10,000 miles _______ to read 10,000 books.
A. as B. but C. nor D. than
- —Where would you like to spend your winter vacation?
—I'd like to go ________. I don't like cold places.
A. somewhere warm B. warm somewhere C. anywhere warm D. warm anywhere
- Miss Liu can sing a lot of English songs and she can sing them ___ .
A. good B. happy C. well D. bad
- What ______ weather! It’s been raining______ for ten days.
A. awful, bad B. awfully, badly C. awful, badly D. awfully, bad
- It made me so______to see some wild animals being treated_____.
A. angrily; badly B. angry; bad C. angrily; bad D. angry; badly
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