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语法专题十二 简单句-中考语法一点通
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这是一份语法专题十二 简单句-中考语法一点通,文件包含语法专题十二简单句-中考语法一点通教师版docx、语法专题十二简单句-中考语法一点通学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共30页, 欢迎下载使用。
语法专题十二、简单句英语句子以谓语动词为中心,前面是动作的执行者主语(被动语态除外)后面是动作的承受者。简单句指的是只含有一个谓语的句子;含有两个及以上谓语的就是复合句(后面专题待续)。1. 英语的句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语的基本成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。主语(Subject)是句子的主题,是说明的对象。一般为名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或从句;置于句首。谓语(Verb动词),用于说明或描述主语的行为动作或状态。由动词或动词短语充当;在句子中位于主语之后。宾语(Object)表示动作支配的对象,有单宾语、双宾语之分;双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。宾语可以由名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等充当;一般位于及物动词(短语)和介词后面。表语(Predicative)说明主语的身份、特征或状态。可以由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)等充当;在句中位于系动词之后。定语(attribute)是用于修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句,可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词、名词、形容词性物主代词、数词、分词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、从句等充当。状语(adverbial)用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征。可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、让步等;其位置非常灵活。补语(Complement)用于补充说明主语或宾语的,最常用的是宾语补足语。宾语补足语可由名词(短语)、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、介词(短语)等充当。 2.英语简单句的六种基本句型① 主语+系动词+表语 S十V十P主系表结构 English is very easy. 英语很容易。(be动词) It smells delicious. 它闻起来好香。(感官动词,smell, taste, look, sound, feel) The food has gone bad.食物已经变质了。(表示转变或结果的动词,become get grow turn go come prove等等。)② 主语+谓语(不及物动词) S十V主谓结构 The rain has stopped. 雨已经停了。 Everybody laughed. 大家都笑了。③ 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语S十V十O主谓宾结构 She likes the flowers. 她喜欢这些花。 Dad bought a car. 父亲买了辆汽车。④ 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 He gave me an apple. 他给了我一只苹果。注意:这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”直接宾语常常指“物”。⑤ 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补语S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 He told me to stay home. 他叫我呆在家里。说明:1.S主语V谓语P表语O宾语O1间接宾语O2直接宾语C宾语补足语2. 上述各例都简化到了最低限度,在此基础上,我们可以加上一些修饰成分(时间、地点、方式等状语)使句子变得更复杂,表达更丰富的内容,。如: Everybody laughed happily. 每个人都开心地笑了。 I met her on my way to school. 在我上学的路上我遇见了她。 The first book came out in 2012. 第一本书出版于2012年。⑥ there be 句型“There be+主语+地点/时间状语”表示“某地(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语。谓语动词的形式取决于离它最近的主语,就近原则。 There is an apple and two bananas on the table. There are two bananas and one apple on the table. 根据以上论述,分析下列句子结构。如:Doing morning exercises benefits our health. S十V十O 主语 谓语 宾语(1) I wrote a passage last night.(2) Someone in your class phoned you this morning.(3) My parents and I have cleaned the house just now.(4) We often feel comfortable in the moonlight.【答案】(1) I(主语) wrote(谓语) a passage(宾语) last night(状语). S十V十O(2) Someone in your class(主语) phoned(谓语) you(宾语) this morning(状语). S十V十O(3) My parents and I(主语) have cleaned(谓语) the house(宾语) just now(状语). S十V十O(4) We(主语) often feel(系动词) comfortable(表语) in the moonlight(状). S十V十P 3. 常见的简单句特殊句型(1)选择疑问句①“一般疑问句+选项1+or+选项2? Is this by Strauss or Mozart? 这曲子是由施特劳斯还是莫扎特创作的? ②特殊疑问句+选项1+or+选项2?Who wrote The Blue Danube, Mozart or Strauss? 谁创作的《蓝色多瑙河》,莫扎特还是施特劳斯? (如果是三种选项或更多,则在最后两项间加or)Would you like coffee, tea or soda? (前后均为名词)你想喝咖啡、茶还是苏打水?【注意1】选择疑问句中的 or 可以连接不同的内容:两个名词、动词、介词短语等等, 但通常是并列结构,即前后一致的结构。Should I call or email you? (连接两个动词)我应该给你打电话还是发电子邮件?Did you come here by bus or by car?(连接两个介词短语)你是坐公交车还是开车过来的?小贴士:读这类句子时,语调是前升后降。、【注意2】不能用yes 或no 回答。如:—Do you like English or Chinese? —I like English. (2)反意疑问句反意疑问句是一种先提出情况或看法,然后要求对方表示赞成或不赞成的问句。它一般有两种形式结构:① 肯定陈述句+否定的简短问句(前肯后否);② 否定陈述句+肯定的简短问句(前否后肯)。 This is Western music, isn’t it? 这是西方音乐,不是吗? You listen to pop music, Lingling, don’t you? 你听流行乐,不是吗?注意1:简短问句的结构为“助动词/情态动词/连系动词be (或它们的否定形式)+与主语相对应的代词”, 助动词、情态动词、连系动词be在时态上要与前面的陈述句保持一致,在数上要与后面的代词保持一致。-You are from Russia, aren't you?你来自俄罗斯,是不是?-Yes, I am. /No, I'm not. 是的,我是。/不,我不是-The girl won't go to the forest, will she?那个女孩不会去森林了,对吧?-Yes, she will. /No, she won't.不,她会去。/是的,她不会去。注意2:回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实回答,事实是肯定的用“Yes + 肯定的简短答话。”,事实是否定的用“No + 否定的简短答语,”在回答“前否后肯”型反意疑问句时,yes 译为“不”,no译为“是的”。—You are not from Russia, are you? 你不是来自俄罗斯,是吗? —Yes, I am. 不,我来自俄罗斯。 —No, I’m not. 是的,我不是来自俄罗斯。[拓展]当陈述句中含有little hardly never few nothing nobody等否定词时,句子表达否定意义,后面的简短问句要用肯定形式。 There is nothing in the bottle, is there? 瓶子里什么都没有,是吗?助记:反意疑问句前肯后否,前否后肯;有情用情,有系用系;无情无系,借用助动。 (3)祈使句祈使句是表示请求或命令的句子。最常考的是动词原形开头的祈使句。肯定式:以“动词原形”开头。Please speak English loudly.否定式:“Don't + 动词原形”开头。Please don't talk in class. (4)感叹句感叹句是用来表示强烈的感情,句末用感叹号(!),通常由how 或what 引导。结构:How + 形容词/ 副词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他!What + 形容词 +不可数名词/名词复数 +主语 + 谓语+ 其他!What + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语+ 其他!如:How beautifully he sings! 他唱歌多美妙啊!What bad weather it is! 天气真糟糕! (5)倒装句倒装句,也叫谓语前置,是为了强调、突出某一句子成分而颠倒原来的语序。初中阶段主要考查的是so/neither开头的倒装句。① So+连系动词/情态动词/助动词+另一主语。 表示”…也一样”(两个不同主语);Neither /Nor+连/情/助 +另一主语。 表示也不(两个不同主语);如:—Tom drew very well. —So did I. (Tom 画画好,我也一样) —Tom didn’t very well. —Neither / Nor did I. (Tom 画画不好,我也不好)② so +前面的同一主语+连系动词/情态动词/助动词。 表示确实如此(同一主语).如:—Jim did very well in this English test. —So he did. (Jim 英语考试成绩好。他确实如此) 中考语法—简单句专项练习(共计50小题,每小题2分,总分100分。)1. What is the sentence pattern of "I love English."?A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+OC2. What is the sentence pattern (句型) of the sentence "Linda bought a book yesterday."?A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+O+OC3. The structure of the sentence "The students visited the museum" is .A. S+V B. S+V+DO C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC4. You should take an umbrella with you when you go out. A. 谓语 B. 表语 C. 宾语 D. 定语5. It was raining hard when we arrived. A. 谓语 B. 表语 C. 主语 D. 宾语6. My father gave me fifteen yuan to buy an English dictionary.A. 宾补 B. 状语 C. 间宾 D. 直宾7. I don't know how to deal with the problem. A. 状语 B. 表语 C. 宾语 D. 宾补8. Did she ask her students not to make noise in the hall? A. 表语 B. 定语 C. 宾语 D. 宾补9. Many animals are in danger. We must protect them. A. 表语 B. 谓语 C. 状语 D. 主语10. I lost my student ID card yesterday. A. 主语 B. 表语 C. 宾语 D. 宾补11. ______ exciting boat race it was! Many people watched it.A. What a B. What an C. How D. How a12. ______ throwing those stones, please.A. Stop B. Stops C. Stopping D. Stopped13. ______ great news it is! We'll have a school trip next week.A. What a B. What C. How a D. How14. —He has made many friends since he came here three weeks ago.—______ outgoing boy he is!A. How a B. How C. What a D. What an15. — is it from your school to the bus stop?—It's about 5 minutes' walk.A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far16. ______ wonderful speech Emma gave at the UN conference!A. How B. What C. What a D. What an17. ﹣We picked apples on the farm and had fun yesterday.﹣_____wonderful day it was! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a18. —There ________ a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon.—Great! We can’t wait!A. is B. was C. will be D. will have19. —________ wonderful the opening of the Beijing Winter Olympics is!—So it is.A. How a B. How C. What a D. What20. — China is becoming stronger and stronger. More and more foreign people are learning Chinese.—______proud we are! We don’t regret being Chinese.A. What a B. How C. What D. How a21. Study hard,_____you will not have a good result in the exam. A. so B. or C. but D. and22. _____ fine weather it is! Let's go on a picnic!A. What B. What a C. How D. How a23. Jean knew nothing about the news until her aunt told her, ______?A. didn't she B. did she C. didn't Jean D. don't they24. He is at home, ______?A. is he B. does he C. doesn’t he D. isn’t he25. Go to buy some ice cream, ______?A. will you B. do you C. shall we D. are we26. —Don’t stay up too late, ______?—______. I will sleep before 10:00.A. will you; Yes, I will B. won’t you; No, I won’tC. will you; No, I won’t D. won’t you; Yes, I will27. Tom always eats junk food, ______?A. isn’t he B. is he C. doesn’t he D. does he28. —He doesn’t like South Korea operas, ______?— _____. He thinks it is a waste of time.A. doesn't he; Yes, he does B. does he; Yes, he doesC. doesn't he; No, he doesn't D. does he; No, he doesn't29. Let's go out to play football, ______?A. will you B. won’t you C. shall we D. are we30. ______ clever girl Kitty is! She can come up with some creative ways to finish the project. A. What B. How a C. How D. What a31. -Li Ping,I didn't go summer camping last year.-_____. A. So did I B. Neither did I C. Neither I did D. So I did32. a fresh spring morning it is! A. Who B. Why C. What D. How33. —Tom didn't go for a picnic yesterday.—____.A. So did I B. So I did C. Neither did I D. Neither I did34. Tom never tells a lie to people. ______ honest boy he is!A. How B. How a C. What an D. What35. —Wow! beautiful the music is!—Yes.That's my favorite.A. What B. What a C. What an D. How36. ________ a job you love,and you'll never work a day in your life. A. Find B. Found C. Finds D. To find37. ________ funny the 3 D movie is! I really enjoy it.A. How B. What C. How a D. What a38. There_______ a concert to be shown in Hong Kong next week. A. will have B. is C. will be D. has39. _______music she is playing!A. What nice B. How nice C. What a nice D. How nice a40. He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired.______? A. does he B. isn't he C. can't he D. can he41. -She has gone abroad,______?-No.She is still teaching us English at our school now.A. is she B. isn't she C. has she D. hasn't she42. —Don't be late for school next time,______?—No,I won't. A. are you B. will you C. do you D. did you43.-___________ you like the TV program Dad,Where Are We Going?-Yes.But I like Super Brain better. A. Does B. Do C. Are D. Is44. —Taian is a really comfortable city to live in.--- ,and it's world famous for Mount Tai.A. So it is B. So is it C. So it does D. So does it45. —I have changed my job. —_________.A. So do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have46. We'd like more students to join the story telling club.A. 状语 B. 直接宾语 C. 宾语补足语 D. 谓语47. There are some volunteers in the park.A. 表语 B. 宾语 C. 主语 D. 定语48. It is fair to give Anna the prize in the painting competition.A. 形式主语 B. 直接宾语 C. 向接宾语 D. 真正主语49. My favorite subject is English. A. 谓语 B. 表语 C. 宾语 D. 定语50. The sun gives us not only light but also heat. A. 间宾 B. 状语 C. 直宾 D. 表语
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