2.23 书面表达技能之高分策略(含PPT)-备战中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)

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书面表达技能之高分策略重难知识点复习
高分策略一 巧用高级词汇, 变平淡为神奇
高分策略二 巧用过渡衔接词, 致胜秘密武器
高分策略三 玩转经典句型, 下笔如有神助一、正确使用10种句子结构句子是语言交流或表达思想感情的基本形式。要写好书面表达, 就要掌握以下十种句子结构:
(一)主系表结构【结构】主语+系动词+表语【例句】The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。He has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。【说明】常见的系动词有be, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, become, turn等, 后面要接名词、形容词、介词短语等作表语。
(二)主谓结构【结构】主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+状语)【例句】He runs quickly. 他跑得很快。【说明】这种结构, 谓语动词为不及物动词, 后面可以不带任何成分, 但多数情况下跟状语性质的修饰语。
(三)主谓宾结构【结构】主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语【例句】I don’t know the answer. 我不知道答案。We study English at school. 在学校我们学习英语。【说明】及物动词本身意义不完整, 因此后面必须跟宾语才能使句意完整。可作宾语的有: 名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等。
(四)双宾语结构【结构】主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)【例句】Pass me the paper, please. = Pass the paper to me, please. 请给我那些纸。Father made him a new kite. = Father made a new kite for him. 爸爸给他制作一个新风筝。
【说明】这类动词有: give(给), bring(带来), teach(教), show(给……看), ask(要求), send(送), make(为……做), lend(借出), tell(告诉)等。通常间接宾语放在前面, 有时也可以把间接宾语移到直接宾语的后面, 但要请介词to, for来帮忙。后常接介词to的动词有: give, show, tell, lend, throw, pass等; 后常接介词for的动词有: get, make, find, sing, cook, buy等。
(五)复合宾语结构【结构】主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语【例句】Miss Gao asks us to listen carefully in class. 高老师让我们上课时认真听讲。 The boy found his football under the chair. 这个男孩在椅子下面找到了他的足球。 We must keep our classroom clean every day. 我们必须每天保持教室干净。
【说明】常跟复合宾语的动词有tell, ask, have, get, let, make, keep等及一些感官动词如find, see, hear, watch, listen, feel等。
(六)there be结构【结构】There be+代词或名词(短语)+地点/时间状语【例句】There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两名男士。There are several children swimming in the river. 河里有几个孩子在游泳。【说明】be动词随时态而改变, 并与主语的数保持一致。“There be + sb. doing sth. +地点/时间状语”意为“有某人在某地(时)正做某事”。
(七)祈使句结构【结构】1. 动词原形+宾语+其他 2. Be +表语 +其他 3. Let +宾语 +动词原形 +其他【例句】Open the door, please! 请开门! Don’t be late again. 别再迟到了。Let’s play volleyball. 让我们打排球吧。【说明】祈使句的谓语动词一律用动词原形, 其否定结构一般是在句首加Don’t。
(八)感叹句结构【结构】1. What(+a/an)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)! 2. How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! 【例句】What a beautiful girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的女孩啊! How beautiful (these flowers are)! (这些花)多美啊! How clearly he is speaking! 他说得多么清楚啊! 【说明】感叹句一般用how或what开头。how作状语, 修饰形容词、副词或句子; what作定语, 修饰名词(名词前可有形容词或冠词)。
(九)并列句结构【结构】1. 祈使句+or/and +陈述句2. 简单句+连词+简单句【例句】Get up quickly, or you will be late for school. 快点起床, 否则你就上学迟到了。Run faster, and you can catch up with them. 跑得再快点, 你就能赶上他们。Life is limited, but there is no limit to learning. 生命是有限的, 但学问是无限的。【说明】常见的并列连词有but, and, or, so, either. . . or, neither . . . nor, not only . . . but also, while等。
(十)复合句结构【结构】1. 主句+ when/while/if/because/so that等引导的状语从句2. 主句 + that /if/whether/疑问词引导的宾语从句3. . . . 先行词+ that/which/who等引导的定语从句【例句】When I got home, my mother wasn’t in. 我到家时, 妈妈不在。I’ll leave as soon as I’m ready. 我一准备好就离开。Tom ran so fast that he won the first place. 汤姆跑得那么快, 结果他取得了第一名。
I am sorry that you failed in the examination. 你考试不及格我感到很难过。Can you tell me if/whether they will come to see me? 你能告诉我他们是否来看我吗? This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen. 这是我见过的最漂亮的花。The man whose shirt is white is Mr Green. 衬衫是白色的那个人是格林先生。
二、合理运用50个常见搭配及句型1. want to do sth. 想做某事I want to go to school. 我想去上学。注意: want sb. to do sth. 意为“想让某人做某事”, 如: I want my son to go to school. 我想让我的儿子去上学。
2. be different from 与……不同The weather in Beijing is different from that in Nanjing. 北京的天气和南京的不同。注意: 反义词组为: be the same as “与……相同”。如: His trousers are the same as mine. 他的裤子和我的一样。3. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好Mr Wang is very friendly to us. 王先生对我们非常友好。
4. What’s the matter with sb. /sth. ? 某人/某物出什么毛病了? What’s the matter with your watch? 你的手表怎么了? 注意: 该句型还可用What’s wrong with. . . ? 或What’s the trouble with. . . ? 5. Why don’t you do sth. ? 你为什么不做某事呢? Why don’t you play football with us? 你为什么不和我们踢足球呢? 注意: 同义句为: Why not do sth. ? “为什么不做某事呢? ”, 如: Why not play football with us? 为什么不和我们踢足球呢?
6. What do you mean by doing sth. ? 你做……是什么意思? What do you mean by doing that? 你做那件事情是什么意思? 7. like doing sth. 喜爱做某事Jim likes swimming. 吉姆喜欢游泳。注意: like to do sth. “想去做某事”, 如: He doesn’t like to swim now. 他现在不想去游泳。8. feel like doing sth. 想要做某事I feel like eating bananas. 我想吃香蕉。
9. would like to do sth. 想要做某事Would you like to go boating with me? 你想和我一起去划船吗? 注意: would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事I’d like you to stay with me tonight. 我想要你今晚和我待在一起。10. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事His brother often makes him stay in the sun. 他哥哥经常让他晒太阳。注意: 同义句为: have sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”, 如: You should have the students work hard. 你应该让学生努力学习。
11. be good at sth. /doing sth. 擅长某事/做某事We are good at English. 我们擅长英语。They are good at boating. 他们擅长划船。12. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人一些时间It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five minutes. 学会在五分钟内画一匹漂亮的马花了我一年多的时间。
13. sb. spend(s) some time/money (in) doing sth. 某人花一些时间/钱做某事I spent twenty years (in) writing the novel. 我花了20年写这部小说。注意: sb. spend(s) some time/money on sth. 某人花一些时间/钱在某事/物上Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike. 吉姆花了1000元买这辆自行车。14. sth. cost(s) sb. some money 某物花了某人一些钱The bike cost Jim 1000 yuan. 这辆自行车花了吉姆1000元。15. sb. pay(s) some money for sth. 某人为某物付/花了一些钱Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike. 吉姆花了1000元买这辆自行车。
16. thank sb. for sth. /doing sth. 感谢某人做某事Thank you for your help/helping me. 感谢你的帮助。17. How/ What about doing sth. ? 做某事怎么样? How/What about going fishing? 去钓鱼怎么样? 18. 主语 +be+ the+最高级+of/in短语 Lucy is the tallest in her class. 露西在她班里是最高的。19. 主语 + be +比较级+than any other + 可数名词单数Lucy is taller than any other student in her class. 露西在她班里比其他任何一个学生都高。
20. had better do sth. 最好做某事You’d better study English hard. 你最好努力学习英语。注意: had better not do sth. 最好别做某事You’d better not stay up. 你最好不要熬夜。21. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事Lucy often helps Lily (to) wash her clothes. 露西经常帮助莉莉洗她的衣服。注意: help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事I sometimes help my mother with the housework. 我有时帮助我妈妈做家务。
22. make it +时间 把时间定在……Let’s make it 8: 30. 让我们把时间定在八点半吧。23. have nothing to do (with sb. ) 与某人没有关系That has nothing to do with me. 那和我没有关系。
24. It’s+adj. (描述事物性质类形容词) + for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说怎么样It is lucky for you to go to London. 去伦敦对你来说是幸运的。说明: It’s +adj. (描述人物性格、品质等类形容词)+ of sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……It’s careless of you to make lots of mistakes. 对你来说犯这么多错误真是太粗心了。
25. find it+adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事如何I find it hard to speak English well. 我发现说好英语很难。26. ask sb. for sth. 向某人请求/要求/寻求某物I often ask him for help. 我经常向他寻求帮助。27. hope to do sth. 希望做某事I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快见到你。
28. There is something wrong with sth. /sb. 某物/某人出毛病了There is something wrong with my car. 我的车出了毛病。注意: something is wrong with. . . 某物出毛病了29. How do you like sth. ? 你认为……怎么样? How do you like Beijing? 你认为北京怎么样? 注意: 同义句为: What do you think of sth. ? 你认为……怎么样? 30. finish doing sth. 完成做某事I finished cleaning my car just now. 我刚才清洗了我的车。
31. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事They all enjoy living and working in China. 他们都喜欢在中国生活和工作。32. What else. . . 别的什么What else do you want to buy? 你还想买别的什么吗? 33. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)I forgot turning off the lights. Look, it is dark in the room. 我忘记关过灯了。看, 房间里黑着。注意: forget to do sth. 忘了做某事(未做)
34. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)I remembered returning your money. You are so forgetful. 我记得还给你钱了。你是如此健忘。注意: remember to do sth. 记住做某事(未做)
35. stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事He stopped to talk with Mary when she entered the office. 当玛丽走进办公室时, 他停下来和她谈话。注意: stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事The students stopped talking when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候, 学生们停止了谈论。
36. watch/see/hear sb. do sth. 观看/看见/听见某人做了某事I saw you pick an apple just now. 刚才, 我看见你摘了一个苹果。注意: watch/see/hear sb. doing sth. 观看/看见/听见某人在做某事I saw you playing basketball with your classmates on the playground then. 那时, 我看到你正和你的同学们在操场上打篮球。
37. go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事He went on reading after a short rest. 在短暂的休息后, 他继续读书。注意: go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事He went on to read after finishing washing the dishes. 在洗完盘子后, 他继续读书。38. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事They are busy planting trees on the hill. 他们正忙着在山上植树。
39. be interested in sth. 对某事感兴趣We are all interested in English. 我们都对英语感兴趣。40. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事Mother told me to go shopping with her. 妈妈让我和她去购物。41. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事Jim asked me to go rowing with him. 吉姆让我和他去划船。42. be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事We are ready to have lunch. 我们准备好吃午饭。
43. prefer (doing)A to (doing)B　比起(做)B来更喜欢(做)ALucy prefers English to French. 比起法语来, 露西更喜欢英语。I prefer staying at home to going to the cinema. 比起去看电影来, 我更喜欢待在家里。44. can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 His joke is too funny. We can’t help laughing. 他的笑话太有趣了, 我们禁不住笑了起来。
45. not . . . until . . . 直到……才He didn’t arrive until the game began. 直到比赛开始他才来。46. so +形容词/副词+that . . . 如此……以至于……The picture is so beautiful that everyone likes it. 这幅画很美, 大家都喜欢。47. too +形容词/副词+to do sth. 太……以至于不……The ice is too thin for you to walk on. 这冰太薄, 你不能在上面走。
48. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 I used to work deep into the night. 我过去常常工作到深夜。注意: used to用于表示过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态。其中to为不定式符号, 后跟动词原形。49. “so +be /助动词/情态动词+主语” ……也是如此He likes football, so do I. 他喜欢足球, 我也如此。注意: “so +主语+ be /助动词/情态动词”用来证实前面所表达的内容, 意为“确实如此”。—It is very hot today. 今天天气很热。—So it is. 确实如此。
50. “the +比较级, the +比较级”, “越……就越……”The more I read the book, the more I liked it. 这本书我越看越喜欢。注意: “比较级+and+比较级”, 意为“越来越……”。如: More and more people are moving to the cities. 越来越多的人迁往城市。