专题03 七选五（阅读理解）--新高考八省最新名校联考试题汇编

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专题03 阅读理解（七选五）
---2023年新高考八省最新名校联考试题汇编
(解析版)


1. 【石家庄市二中2022-2023学年高三试题】

What is heritage? The word can be difficult to define. Heritage is always something that is passed down by families or other groups for many years.____16____ It can also be the customs, traditions, and values shared by groups of people. One way to think about heritage is to break it down into three groups. These are the tangible(有形的), the natural, and the intangible.
____17____ It can include many human-made objects that hold cultural value. Some examples are national monuments and works of art. Many ancient sites are also part of this group. On a smaller scale, a family home can be part of an individual’s heritage.
Many parts of the natural world are also important to cultural heritage. This can include bodies of water, plant life, landforms and more. One example is the Nile River.____18____ Efforts to protect natural heritage are key in many cultures.
The intangible group includes any part of cultural heritage that you can’t feel through touch. Maybe you’ve read about forms of dance, like Flamenco dancing. You might know about the music of Mariachi Bands or holidays like Eid. These are all examples of intangible heritage. ____19____
Exploring your own heritage can be fun. It can help you learn about yourself, your family, and your ancestors. But it’s also important to learn about the heritage of others. ____20____ It can also lead you to find things you may have in common with others!
A．They are treasures that can be touched.
B．What tangible items can be part of heritage?
C．However, heritage isn’t limited to concrete objects.
D．Languages, holidays and customs also make the list.
E．Therefore, it’s difficult to protect them from fading away.
F．Doing so can help you build a stronger understanding of other cultures.
G．It has been part of cultural heritage in many African nations for centuries.
【答案】16．C    17．B    18．G    19．D    20．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了遗产是由家庭或其他群体传承多年的东西。然而，遗产并不局限于具体的物品，它也是一群人共有的习俗、传统和价值观。
16．根据下文“It can also be the customs, traditions, and values shared by groups of people. (它也可以是一群人共享的习俗、传统和价值观)”可知，此处应指遗产不局限于某种东西，与C项“However, heritage isn’t limited to concrete objects. (然而，遗产并不局限于具体的物品)”符合题意。故选C。
17．根据上文“These are the tangible(有形的), the natural, and the intangible. (遗产分为有形的、自然的、和无形的三种)”及空后“It can include many human-made objects that hold cultural value. (它可以包括许多具有文化价值的人造物。)”，再结合下文中列举的人造物品的例子，包括“national monuments and works of art”、“ancient sites”等；由此可知，本段主要讲述哪些是有形的遗产，B项“What tangible items can be part of heritage? (哪些有形物品可以成为遗产的一部分)”符合题意，故选B。
18．本段主要介绍自然遗产。根据空前“One example is the Nile River. (尼罗河就是一个例子)”可知，空处应该会继续讲述与尼罗河有关的内容。G项“It has been part of cultural heritage in many African nations for centuries. (几个世纪以来，它一直是许多非洲国家文化遗产的一部分)”承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
19．本段主要介绍无形的遗产。上文提到了舞蹈、音乐等无形的遗产，D项“Languages, holidays and customs also make the list. (语言、节日、习俗也榜上有名)”承接上文，介绍了其他的无形遗产，符合题意。故选D。
20．根据上一句“But it’s also important to learn about the heritage of others. (但了解他人的遗产也很重要)”及下一句“It can also lead you to find things you may have in common with others! (它还可以引导您找到与他人可能有共同点的东西！)”可知，空出应该是介绍了解他人的遗产的好处，F项“Doing so can help you build a stronger understanding of other cultures. (这样做可以帮助您更深入地了解其他文化)”承上启下，符合题意。故选F。

2.【广东省六校2023年高三联考】
Playing is a key component in the learning process for virtually all of the children. Role-playing is one of the most significant ways children play. ____16____. It can benefit children in many ways.
Children’s brains are activated when role-playing, according to child development experts.
____17____. When children role-play, they must create plans to act out a story and figure out what steps need to be taken to accomplish it. Through these activities, children can enhance their oral language abilities. As a result, they become able to give instructions and organize others.  
____18____. Roles are assigned to children when they engage in group activities. There are leaders and followers. When children disagree with each other, they must learn to negotiate and compromise, as well as to apologize when they disagree or have strong arguments.
Besides helping children learn some kinds of skills, role-playing fosters children’s imaginations and can therefore assume a number of forms. For example, boys may pretend to shave like their fathers, while girls may pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks like caring for young babies. ____19____.
Lastly, role-playing can help children deal with emotional pain caused by specific actions, such as the fear of going to school for the first time. ____20____. To help their children master their fears, experts encourage parents to let their children role-play and even to participate in these activities with their children.
A．Children’s social skills can also be developed.
B．Children might dress up and assume different roles.
C．More often, children may act out stories they read in books.
D．Language skills are some of the most critical aspects of learning.
E．Whether role-playing occurs or not depends on the intentions of the individuals.
F．This involves a child in an activity where he or she pretends to be another person.
G．Role-playing situations like these beforehand can help children lower .
【答案】16．F    17．D    18．A    19．C    20．G
【导语】本文是说明文。文章对“角色扮演”进行简要介绍，其次提出了“角色扮演”可以帮助孩子学习、培养孩子想象力以及帮助孩子应对一些他们产生不良情绪的状况。
16．上文“Playing is a key component in the learning process for virtually all of the children. Role-playing is one of the most significant ways children play.(对几乎所有的孩子来说，玩耍是学习过程中的一个关键组成部分。角色扮演是孩子们最重要的游戏方式之一。)”提到了角色扮演是孩子们学习过程中的最重要的游戏方式之一，F项“这涉及到一个孩子在一个活动中，他或她假装是另一个人。”解释了角色扮演，承接上文，引出下文“It can benefit children in many ways.( 它可以在许多方面使儿童受益。)”，F项中的this指代上文的“Role-playing”，下文的it也是指代“Role-playing”。故选F。
17．根据下文“When children role-play, they must create plans to act out a story and figure out what steps need to be taken to accomplish it. Through these activities, children can enhance their oral language abilities.(当孩子们扮演角色时，他们必须制定计划来表演一个故事，并找出需要采取什么步骤来完成它。通过这些活动，孩子们可以提高他们的口语能力。)”可知，本段讲述通过角色扮演孩子们可以提高语言表达能力，D项“语言技能是学习中最关键的方面之一。”符合语境，引出下文的解释说明。故选D。
18．根据下文“Roles are assigned to children when they engage in group activities. There are leaders and followers. When children disagree with each other, they must learn to negotiate and compromise, as well as to apologize when they disagree or have strong arguments.(当孩子们参加集体活动时，他们会被分配角色。有领导者，也有追随者。当孩子们彼此意见不一致时，他们必须学会协商和妥协，以及在他们意见不一致或有强烈争论时道歉。)”可知，本段讲述孩子们可以通过角色扮演学会协商，妥协和道歉，提高社交能力，A项“孩子们的社交技能也可以得到发展。”符合语境。故选A。
19．根据上文“Besides helping children learn some kinds of skills, role-playing fosters children’s imaginations and can therefore assume a number of forms. For example, boys may pretend to shave like their fathers, while girls may pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks like caring for young babies.( 除了帮助孩子们学习一些技能，角色扮演还能培养孩子们的想象力，因此可以采取多种形式。例如，男孩可能会像他们的父亲一样假装刮胡子，而女孩可能会假装是母亲来做一些日常工作，比如照顾婴儿。)”可知，角色扮演还可以培养孩子们的想象力，空格上文列举了一些角色扮演培养想象力的活动，男孩扮演父亲，女孩扮演母亲，C项“更常见的情况是，孩子们可能会表演他们在书中读到的故事。”符合语境，与前文是顺承关系，故选C。
20．前文“Lastly, role-playing can help children deal with emotional pain caused by specific actions, such as the fear of going to school for the first time.(最后，角色扮演可以帮助孩子们处理由特定行为引起的情感痛苦，比如对第一次上学的恐惧。)”讲述了角色扮演可以帮助孩子们处理情感痛苦，并举例，G项中的“help children lower their fear in reality”与本段话题一致，因此推断G项“像这样的角色扮演情境可以帮助孩子们降低他们在现实中的恐惧”符合语境，“their fear in reality”呼应上文的“the fear of going to school for the first time”以及下文的“fears”。故选G。

3.【2023届福建省泉州重点高中质量监测试题】
I was recently in a business meeting, where two managers faced off with their wildly different opinions. But to our surprise, the meeting went remarkably well - and all because one of them simply showed a calm maturity（成熟）. He kept saying things like, “I absolutely see your point, Jeff,” and “You’re right about that. Could we consider…?” ____16____ And things went smoothly. So what are more ways to bring more cool, collected calm into our life? Here are some.
♦Focus on your own stuff.
It can be so easy to compare ourselves to other people over our paychecks, the contents of our closets, relationship statuses etc. But when you realize that all that matters is you, you can’t help but just do you. ____17____
♦Know how to laugh at yourself.
Joan Rivers said, “Life goes by fast. Enjoy it. Calm down. It’s all funny.” ____18____ And once you get to the point where you can laugh at yourself, you can laugh at pretty much anything.
♦____19____
I don’t think there is anything more grown-up than taking 100 percent responsibility for your life. No excuses or exceptions - parental, governmental or otherwise. When you own your circumstances and your “stuff” you’re empowered.
____20____ . We can quantify our calm by our ability to “shake it off”. You really can choose to free yourself from anything: a rude remark, a disrespect from someone you’ve never liked, a passive-aggressive colleague ... whatever. When you can shake all that off and just focus on the present moment, you kind of have it figured out.
A．Never react.
B．Don’t blame others.
C．Life doesn’t have to be so serious, does it?
D．And when that happens, life gets awesome.
E．Will guilt and regret have you living in the past?
F．He met his colleague’s argument with absolute calm.
G．Maturity begins when drama and dissatisfaction end.
【答案】16．F    17．D    18．C    19．B    20．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了可以给我们的生活带来更多的冷静和从容的方法。
16．根据前文“I was recently in a business meeting, where two managers faced off with their wildly different opinions. But to our surprise, the meeting went remarkably well - and all because one of them simply showed a calm maturity（成熟）. He kept saying things like, “I absolutely see your point, Jeff,” and “You’re right about that. Could we consider…?” (最近，我参加了一个商务会议，两位经理针锋相对，提出了截然不同的观点。但令我们惊讶的是，会议进行得非常顺利——而这一切都是因为其中一人表现出了冷静成熟的态度。他一直在说，“我完全明白你的意思，杰夫，”和“你说得对。我们可以考虑……吗?”)”可知，其中一人以绝对冷静的态度面对争议，所以F项“He met his colleague’s argument with absolute calm.(他以绝对冷静的态度面对同事的争论)”符合文意。故选F项。
17．空处位于段末，应是对前文的总结，根据前文“It can be so easy to compare ourselves to other people over our paychecks, the contents of our closets, relationship statuses etc. But when you realize that all that matters is you, you can’t help but just do you.(我们很容易拿自己的薪水、衣柜里的东西、关系状况等与他人比较。但当你意识到最重要的是你自己时，你就会情不自禁地做你自己)”推知，当我们意识到自己是最重要的后生活会有什么样的改变。D项“And when that happens, life gets awesome.(当这种情况发生时，生活就变得精彩了)”符合文意。故选D项。
18．根据前文“Joan Rivers said, “Life goes by fast. Enjoy it. Calm down. It’s all funny.”(琼·里弗斯说过:“生命过得很快。享受它。冷静下来。一切都很有趣。”)”以及后文“And once you get to the point where you can laugh at yourself, you can laugh at pretty much anything.(一旦你到了可以自嘲的程度，你就可以嘲笑任何事情了)”可知，空处是一个过渡句，是对前一句的进一步说明，并引出下文，所以C项“Life doesn’t have to be so serious, does it?(生活没必要这么严肃，不是吗?)”讲述的是抱着愉快的态度看待生活，是对前文的进一步说明，同时通过反义疑问句，引出下文。故选C项。
19．空处是本段的小标题，是对本段的高度概括，根据下文“I don’t think there is anything more grown-up than taking 100 percent responsibility for your life. No excuses or exceptions - parental, governmental or otherwise. When you own your circumstances and your “stuff” you’re empowered.(我认为没有什么比对自己的生活承担百分之百的责任更成熟的了。没有借口或例外——父母的，政府的或其他的。当你拥有你的环境和你的“东西”时，你就被赋予了力量)”可知，本段说的是自己去承担责任，不要责怪他人，所以B项“Don’t blame others.(不要指责他人)”符合文意。故选B项。
20．分析设空，空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“We can quantify our calm by our ability to “shake it off”. You really can choose to free yourself from anything: a rude remark, a disrespect from someone you’ve never liked, a passive-aggressive colleague ... whatever. When you can shake all that off and just focus on the present moment, you kind of have it figured out.(我们可以通过“摆脱冷静”的能力来量化我们的冷静。你真的可以选择让自己从任何事情中解脱出来：一句粗鲁的话，一个你不喜欢的人的不尊重，一个消极攻击的同事……无论什么。当你能摆脱所有这些，专注于当下，你就找到了答案)”可知，本段是在讲述，当能摆脱一些让自己不快的事时，就说明你成熟了，所以G项“Maturity begins when drama and dissatisfaction end.(当戏剧性事件和不满结束时，成熟就开始了)”符合文意。故选G项。

4.【黑龙江省实验中学2022-2023学年高三模拟试题】
Self-management refers to self-control, which is a sign of inner strength. There is no one easy or simple way to learn it , as everyone’s mind works differently from another. ____16____ Here’s a list of ways to develop self-management skills.
Have Goals
If something is important enough for you, it should be written down somewhere as your goal. Whether it is losing some weight or finishing a course with a certain grade, having a goal to reach is important for your motivation. It provides you a reason why you’re doing something or not doing something. ____17____
Set a schedule
Daily or weekly schedules gives you more of a feeling that things are being accomplished. Students who set schedules for themselves tend to be a bit more organized and aware of everything  that is happening  around  them. ____18____ For  example, they usually like studying for a few hours now and then they can hang out with their friends later.
____19____
If you fail to hit your goals, adjust your goals to make up for your past mistakes. Take a step back and assess (评估) what you are doing and change it. It’s okay not to reach goals, as long as you can acknowledge it and make positive changes towards meeting your  goals. ____20____ But sometimes you just fall short. Knowing that it’s  okay and that you can move on is all the motivation you’ll need to pick yourself back up.
Self-Management skills are essential for life. Only through Self-Management can you truly own your future. So take it seriously and find ways to improve yourself.
A．Assess yourself.
B．Be honest to yourself
C．But there are certain things that work for most.
D．Whether it is natural or acquired, it is a great skill.
E．You can even break it down to yearly, monthly, weekly, and even daily ones.
F．They’re able to think in advance about what they need to accomplish now or later.
G．This step is especially hard because you want to feel good about yourself and achieve your goals .
【答案】16．C    17．D    18．F    19．B    20．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是培养自己自我管理能力的几种方法。
16．根据空前的“There is no one easy or simple way to learn it , as everyone’s mind works differently from another.(没有一种简单或简单的方法来学习它，因为每个人的思维方式都不同。)”与空后的“Here’s a list of ways to develop self-management skills.(以下是发展自我管理技能的方法列表。)”可知，上文说的是大家思维方式不同，所以没有一种简单的方法学会自我管理，而空后却说有一系列的培养自我管理的技能，所以空处表示的是承上启下。结合选项C中的“But there are certain things that work for most.(但是有些事情对大多数人都有效。)”转折连词but衔接上下文。故选C项。
17．根据本段的小标题以及空前的“It provides you a reason why you’re doing something or not doing something.(它为您提供了做某事或不做某事的理由。)”可知，此处的it指代的是“有目标”，选项D中的“Whether it is natural or acquired, it is a great skill.(无论是天生的还是后天的，都是一项伟大的技能。)”it指代的内容一致。故选D项。
18．根据下文中的“For example, they usually like studying for a few hours now and then they can hang out with their friends later.(例如，他们通常喜欢偶尔学习几个小时，然后他们可以和朋友出去玩。)”可知，下文是通过举例来说明本段的主题，选项F中的“They’re able to think in advance about what they need to accomplish now or later.(他们能够提前考虑他们现在或以后需要完成什么。)”代词they指代内容一致。故选F项。
19．根据空格所处的位置，分析篇章结构可知，此处应该选择祈使句。根据“If you fail to hit your goals, adjust your goals to make up for your past mistakes.(如果你没有达到你的目标，调整你的目标来弥补你过去的错误。)”和“It’s okay not to reach goals, as long as you can acknowledge it and make positive changes towards meeting your  goals.(不达到目标没关系，只要你能承认它并为实现目标做出积极的改变。)”可知，本段讲述的主题要敢于承认和面对未实现目标的情况，B项“Be honest to yourself.(对自己诚实。)”符合语境。故选B项。
20．根据下文中的“But sometimes you just fall short.(但有时你只是达不到要求。)”并结合本段的小标题“Be honest to yourself.(对自己诚实。)”可知，此处表示的是对自己诚实是一个很难做到的技能，选项G“This step is especially hard because you want to feel good about yourself and achieve your goals .(这一步特别困难，因为您想自我感觉良好并实现目标。)”符合语境。故选G项。

5.【湖北省高中名校联合体2023年高三诊断试题】
Do Actions Speak Louder than Words?
Our society is fast paced. We are all rushing from one place to the next, blowing our horn at slow drivers who may be singing songs in the car with their children or pointing out some interesting sights. We don't have time for that silliness today. But we try to say to ourselves that we will make time for fun tomorrow. It is time to take a few deep breaths and think about our actions and our words. ___16___
Have you ever really thought about the saying “Actions speak louder than words”? Think about it now. If you say one thing and act in an opposite way, will the words be ignored and just the actions remembered? I don’t think so. ___17___ It is also equally important to use words to show appreciation, love, approval and happiness and then follow those words with a hug, pat on the back or smile.
___18___ What about that saying? True? Yes! Words carry a lot of weight and will be remembered for years especially when they are written down. Mean words can hurt for that moment and for a lifetime. I am sure that each of us remembers a time when a friend made an unkind comment. ___19___ Let’s not be a member of that “club”. When was the last time that you hid a love note in a lunch box or in your mate’s coat pocket? If you want to see a bright smile, that will do it! The power of this written note will be remembered for many days, even years.
“I can live for two months on a good compliment(夸奖)”, said Mark Twain. Children grow stronger when they feel appreciated and understood. ___20___ A perfect way to turn a bad day around is to praise your child. “I noticed that your hair looked very nice today.” “Did you hang your coat up all by yourself?” It is amazing how those few words can change a child's outlook... almost immediately. Don’t stop there... One of my sisters ended a phone conversation with three words －“I love you”! Boy, that put a spring in my step! Mark Twain is right. I still feel the positive effect of those three little but very powerful words.
A．The pen is more powerful than the sword.
B．Is it really reasonable to do something like that?
C．Do they display the attitude that we want to convey?
D．It is important to have your words match your actions.
E．Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image.
F．Those words did lasting damage to you, the relationship or both.
G．Don’t be afraid to shower your child with encouraging words all day long.
【答案】16．C    17．D    18．A    19．F    20．G
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。通过一系列的说明，解释了文字，语言的重要性以及对人的影响。作者告诉我们语言对人们有终生的影响，因此我们要鼓励赞美孩子，不要使用刻薄的话讽刺挖苦孩子。
16．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。根据第一段最后一句中"It is time to take a few deep breaths
and think about our actions and our words．"（到了该好好考虑我们的行为和言语的时候了。）与选项C中的"they"对应可知。因此C选项切题。Do they display the attitude that we want to convey?“它们（我们的行为和言语）传达了我们想要表达的态度了吗？”。故选C。
17．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。根据此空后"It is also equally important to use words to show appreciation"和选项D中"It is important"对应可知D项切题。It is important to have your words match your actions.“使你的言行与行为相符这很重要”。故选D。
18．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。后句What about that saying?（这一谚语怎么样？）提到的saying既是指The pen is more powerful than the sword.（笔杆子比宝剑还要锋利），文章中的"Words carry a lot of weight"也解释了这一谚语的含义。故选A。
19．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。上句I am sure that each of us remembers a time when a friend made an unkind comment.（我确信每个人都记得有时候，某个朋友会做出不友善的评论。）提到的made an unkind comment"与选项F中的"Those words"对应。因此F选项切题。Those words did lasting damage to you, the relationship or both.这些话语会对你和你们之间的关系造成持久的伤害。故选F。
20．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。由最后一段讲述了赞美的重要性可知空格处应该与鼓励赞美相关，从段落中"I still feel the positive effect of those three little but very powerful words．"和"I can live for two months on a good compliment（夸奖）"也能看出G选项切题。Don’t be afraid to shower your child with encouraging words all day long.“不要害怕把鼓励的语言如雨般倾注在孩子身上”。故选G。

6.【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三试题】
Why Does Food Taste Bad On Airplanes?
How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless? According to popularly accepted studies, the reason might be a change in our ability to perceive taste.____16____ Let’s get into the actual details before you get offended.
The Cabin Air is 15% Drier Than the Air on the Ground
To maintain the pressure inside the cabin, airlines must closely regulate the air inside, involving changing its composition. The air inside airplane cabins is far more dry than the air we breathe on the ground.____17____In an environment like this, your powers of taste and smell begin to drift away.
The Pressure Inside the Cabin is Lower Than on the Ground
In the pressurized cabin a passenger’s bodily fluids will move upwards and the nasal cavities (鼻 腔) swell. The swelling messes with our taste buds, making the food taste unappealing. You might know how dining in such conditions feel, since we’ve all fought colds in the past.____18____
____19____
Bad food can’t be blamed merely on the in-cabin conditions too. It’s also possible that the food is actually bad. Due to food safety standards, all meals must be cooked on the ground and unbreakable. Such requirements for mass production definitely ties down the Chef’s hands.
What can be done?
____20____Apparently, chefs have been trying to adapt recipes in how food tastes at high altitudes. Everyone needs to be patient until better solutions for mass food production are found.
A．The method of food production is different.
B．The mass production of food is to blame.
C．In some cases, it’s even drier than certain deserts.
D．A sick person is far from the best judge of food quality.
E．That makes it our body’s fault, rather than the airlines.
F．But that doesn’t mean meals served on airplanes can’t taste just as good.
G．Basically, we can’t use the same recipes for airline meals that we would use on the ground.
【答案】16．E    17．C    18．D    19．A    20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了飞机上食物尝起来没有味道的原因。
16．根据上文“How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless?”（你有多少次抱怨航空食品无味？）可知，我们时常抱怨飞机上食物寡淡无味。再由“the reason might be a change in our ability to perceive taste(原因可能是我们感知味道的能力发生了变化)”可知，这可能是我们自身的原因，而不是食物的问题。故选E项。
17．根据上文“The air inside airplane cabins is far more dry than the air we breathe on the ground.”（机舱内的空气比我们在地面上呼吸的空气干燥得多。）可知，机舱内的空气更干燥些，再根据后文“In an environment like this, your powers of taste and smell begin to drift away.”（在这样的环境中，你的味觉和嗅觉能力开始消失。）可知，味觉和嗅觉的能力都开始消失，说明干燥的程度很严重，因此，设空处可进一步描述干燥的程度。C项“在某些情况下，它甚至比某些沙漠还要干燥”进一步补充空气的干燥程度，符合语境。故选C项。
18．根据上文“In the pressurized cabin a passenger’s bodily fluids will move upwards and the nasal cavities  swell. The swelling messes with our taste buds, making the food taste unappealing. You might know how dining in such conditions feel, since we’ve all fought colds in the past.”（在压力舱中，乘客的体液会向上移动，鼻腔会肿胀。肿胀扰乱了我们的味蕾，使食物的味道变得毫无吸引力。你可能知道在这样的条件下吃饭的感觉，因为我们都曾与感冒作过斗争。）可知，上文部分解释了这与舱内的压力使得味蕾、鼻腔都发生变化有关。这种情况跟我们感冒时吃东西总感觉没有味道的情况类似。由此可知，我们不能根据自身原因来评判食物。故D项“一个病人远不是食品质量的最佳评判者。”符合语境。故选D项。
19．设空处小标题处，可起到概括总结的作用。根据下文“Bad food can’t be blamed merely on the in-cabin conditions too. It’s also possible that the food is actually bad. Due to food safety standards, all meals must be cooked on the ground and unbreakable. ”（糟糕的食物也不能仅仅归咎于机舱内的状况。也有可能食物实际上是坏的。根据食品安全标准，所有的饭菜都必须在地上烹调，而且不易碎。）可知，舱内生产食物的方式跟一般情况是有所不同的。故选A项。
20．根据后文“Apparently, chefs have been trying to adapt recipes in how food tastes at high altitudes. Everyone needs to be patient until better solutions for mass food production are found.”（显然，厨师们一直在努力调整食谱，以适应高海拔地区食物的口味。在找到更好的大规模食品生产解决方案之前，每个人都需要耐心。）可知，我们不能在飞机上使用与地面上相同的食谱，所以厨师着手改进配方。G项“基本上，我们不能使用与地面上相同的航空餐点食谱。”符合语境。故选G项。

7.【江苏省盐城市、南京市2023年高三调研试题】
Complaining is often looked at as a negative, but if you perfect it great things can happen.
____16____ Articles and experts insist that too much complaining will lower your empathy (共情) and stop you achieving your dream and living the life you want. They suggest that you cut out negativity from your life, especially people who complain. But humans love to complain
I know this because I get paid to sit with people while they complain and process every week.
____17____ Once we discover how to effectively integrate it, great things can happen. Dr Robin Kowalski found those who complain with the hopes of achieving a certain result tend to be happier.
Complaining also influences how people see us, creates social bonds, encourages empathy and helps create real changes. It plays a very important role in our lives and is a skill that can be extremely effective.____18____
So here are some ways to deal with the art of complaining in a skillful way.
1. Clarify and organize your complaints. It will get your complaints across to others more easily.
2. Work out who can give you a hand.____19____ Pick those who can empathize with you or help with your goal.
3. Make connections with others. It would be possible for people to know what you needed. Conclude from specific things above, and our complaining is much more likely to feel useful and effective:
• Use facts and logic.
• Identify who has the ability to make it happen.
• ____20____
Whatever your complaining, it’ll make for your improvement when used correctly and effectively.
A．Get rid of your bitter complaints.
B．Don’t complain to the same people.
C．Actually, complaining has a bad reputation.
D．Socialize with others to make complaints accessible.
E．Complaining does serve as a real purpose in our lives.
F．However, the influences of complaining are not necessarily beneficial to us all.
G．Our goal is not to remove complaining, but make it more useful and effective.
【答案】16．C    17．E    18．G    19．B    20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是如果我们对通常被看做消极的抱怨进行完善的话就会有美好的事情发生。
16．空处位于句首，应为本段内容的概括。根据空前“Complaining is often looked at as a negative, but if you perfect it great things can happen.(抱怨通常被看作是消极的，但如果你完善它，美好的事情就会发生。)”可知虽然抱怨被认为是不好的，但是如果你对其进行完善的话，其实抱怨也会让好事发生，根据空后“Articles and experts insist that too much complaining will lower your empathy (共情) and stop you achieving your dream and living the life you want.(文章和专家坚持认为，太多的抱怨会降低你的同理心，阻止你实现你的梦想，过上你想要的生活。）”可知专家们认为抱怨是不好的，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是虽然抱怨可以让好事发生，但是实际上抱怨通常让人觉得不好，C项Actually, complaining has a bad reputation.(事实上，抱怨的名声不好。)指出实际上抱怨的名声很差，承接上文，引出下文，概括本段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
17．空处位于句首，应为本段内容的概括。根据空前“Once we discover how to effectively integrate it, great things can happen.Dr Robin Kowalski found those who complain with the hopes of achieving a certain result tend to be happier.(一旦我们发现如何有效地整合它，美好的事情就会发生。Robin Kowalski博士发现，那些为了达到某种目的而抱怨的人往往更快乐。)”可知如果我们为了达到某个目标而进行合理的抱怨，那么我们会变得更开心，由此可以推出抱怨确实有一些作用，所以空处应该讲抱怨的用途是什么，E项Complaining does serve as a real purpose in our lives.(抱怨确实是我们生活中的一个真正的目的。)指出抱怨确实是我们生活的一个真实目的，对本段进行了概括，符合上下文语境。故选E项。
18．根据空前“ It plays a very important role in our lives and is a skill that can be extremely effective.(它在我们的生活中扮演着非常重要的角色，是一种非常有效的技能。)”可知抱怨在生活中确实很重要，根据空后“So here are some ways to deal with the art of complaining in a skillful way.(因此，这里有一些巧妙地处理抱怨艺术的方法。)”可知此处是在给出一些如何让抱怨变得有意义的建议，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们要学会正确对待抱怨，G项Our goal is not to remove complaining, but make it more useful and effective.(我们的目标不是消除抱怨，而是让它更有用、更有效。)指出对待抱怨我们的目的不是消除，而是让它更加有意义，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
19．根据空前“Work out who can give you a hand.(找出谁能帮到你。)”可知我们要找到能帮助自己的人，根据空后“Pick those who can empathize with you or help with your goal.(选择那些能同情你或帮助你实现目标的人。)”可知我们要选择能够和自己共情的人进行抱怨，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是不要一直对同一个人帮不了你的人进行抱怨，B项Don’t complain to the same people.(不要向同一个人抱怨。)指出不能一直对同一个人抱怨，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
20．空处为本段主题句，应对空后内容进行概括。根据空后“Whatever your complaining, it’ll make for your improvement when used correctly and effectively.(无论你抱怨什么，如果正确有效地使用，它都会有助于你的进步。)”可知此处讲的是应该与别人多联系，所以空处应该是与社交有关的主题句，D项Socialize with others to make complaints accessible.(与他人交往，让抱怨成为可能。)”告诉我们要和别人进行交往，从而让抱怨成为一种可能，概括本段主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选D项。

8.【辽宁省东北育才学校五校2023年高三联考试题】
This summer, as the capital of England became warmer than before, there has been many stories from people experiencing odd insect bites. ___16___
___17___ And, as the Space song said, the females of these species are more deadly than the males, being the ones that seek out animal blood as extra nutrition for their eggs. Mosquitoes are more secret attacker, biting us very precisely with their needle-sharp mouth. Horseflies have a particularly cruel bite using their jaws to bite into our skin like a carving knife until they break a blood vessel(血管).
___18___ “Insects have a special and specific relationship with heat,” says Vicki Sims from Lady Bug Pest Control. “The rise in temperature sees insects grow faster. ___19___” So, what does this mean for the state of our skin? Long and warm London summers mean we may see more of the insects we expect, but some new ones we don’t.
___20___. Usually arriving with international shipments(运输), traditionally “insect species brought over would die out relatively quickly because of our cold weather,” says Natalie Bungay from the British Pest Control Association. “But as the weather warms up there’s more chance that they’ll survive and become a problem, so effective measures should be taken as soon as possible.”
A．Year on year, many species are altering their behaviour and biology to follow the trends of the seasons.
B．Even the London Underground has its own species of mosquito with a particular appetite for human blood.
C．Concerns about increase of alien(外来的) species in the UK are growing.
D．The main insects out for your blood in London are mosquitoes and horseflies.
E．And it has raised the awareness of social psychologists.
F．These insects are far more active in warm weather.
G．The higher the temperature is, the more poisonous the insects are.
【答案】16．B    17．D    18．F    19．A    20．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了伦敦随着气候变暖，昆虫的种类也变得越来越多。
16．根据空前“This summer, as the capital of England became warmer than before, there has been many stories from people experiencing odd insect bites.（今年夏天，随着英国首都变得比以前更暖和，人们经历了很多奇怪的昆虫叮咬的故事。）”可知，空前提出了文章的主旨，英国因为天气变得暖和起来，因此就出现了很多奇怪的昆虫，故B项“甚至伦敦地铁里都有着它独特的蚊子物种，对吸人血有着独特的喜好。”符合，用伦敦地铁里的蚊子举例，进一步说明出现了很多奇怪的昆虫叮咬，故选B项。
17．根据空后“Mosquitoes are more secret attacker, biting us very precisely with their needle-sharp mouth. Horseflies have a particularly cruel bite using their jaws to bite into our skin like a carving knife until they break a blood vessel(血管).（蚊子是隐秘的袭击者，用渐渐的嘴非常精确地咬我们。马蝇有一种特别残忍的咬法，用它们的下颚像雕刻刀一样咬进我们的皮肤，直到它们咬破血管。）”可知，空后分别详细介绍了蚊子和马蝇的咬法，故D项“在伦敦，吸人血的昆虫主要是蚊子和马蝇”符合本段首句，作为本段的主题句，提出在伦敦主要是蚊子和马蝇吸人血，故选D项。
18．根据空后““Insects have a special and specific relationship with heat,” says Vicki Sims from Lady Bug Pest Control.（Vicki Sims说道：“昆虫与热量有着非常特殊的关系”。）”可知，空后提出昆虫与热量有着特殊的关系，故F项“这些昆虫在温暖的气候里更加活跃”符合，这些昆虫在温暖的气候更加活跃是因为昆虫与热量有着非常特殊的关系，故选F项。
19．根据空前“The rise in temperature sees insects grow faster.（温度升高是昆虫生长得更快。）”可知，空前提出温度升高让昆虫长得越快，故A项“年复一年，许多物种都在改变它们的行为和生物学，以适应季节的趋势。”是空前的顺义承接，温度越高，昆虫长得越快，年复一年地改变自己的，以适应季节的趋势，故选A项。
20．根据空后“Usually arriving with international shipments(运输), traditionally “insect species brought over would die out relatively quickly because of our cold weather,”（通常与国际运输一起达到，传统上，由于天气寒冷，带来的昆虫物种会相对迅速地灭绝）”以及““But as the weather warms up there’s more chance that they’ll survive and become a problem”（但是，随着天气变暖，它们很可能幸存下来并成为麻烦）”可知，空后提出，这些昆虫是由国际运输带去的，且它们会因为天气变暖而生存下来成为麻烦，故C项“外来物种的担忧变得越来越严重”符合，故选C项。

9.【重庆市2023年高三2月英语试题】
In 1985, 16-year old Douglas Casa collapsed when running the championship 10,000 meter Face at the Empire State Games. With just 200 meters to go, he got up and then fell down again. his body temperature at dangerous levels. ____16____
How does an exertional heat stroke(劳力性热射病) come about? When you exercise, in normal circumstances, nearly 80% of the energy you use is transformed into heat. ____17____ And your body can radiate the heat quickly through cooling methods like the evaporation of sweat. But with uncompensable heat stress,your body is unable to lose enough heat, raising your core temperature beyond normal levels. This creates cells that no longer function properly. If these cells increase sharply, there can be destructive results, including liver damage, blood clot formation, and even the failure of vital organs.
____18____The main criterion is a core body temperature greater than 40℃ along with physical symptoms like confused behavior or loss of consciousness. The most accurate way to assess core body temperature is with a rectal thermometer(直肠温度计).
The good news is that though this condition is one of the top three leading causes of death in sports, we can do something effective to save lives. ____19____
As far as treatment goes, the most important thing is to cool first, transport second. Because the human body can bear a core temperature above 40°C for about 30 minutes before cell damage sets in, it’s essential to initiate rapid cooling on site. ____20____ As you wait, it’s important to keep the victim calm while cooling as much surface area as possible until emergency personnel arrive.
A．It is definitely survivable with proper care
B．This is what is known as compensable heat stress.
C．So how do you recognize an exertional heat stroke?
D．So how do exertional heat strokes affect our health?
E．Exertional heat stroke has long been a serious concern.
F．He had suffered an exertional heat stroke, or sunstroke
G．But before you start anything, emergency services should be called.
【答案】16．F    17．B    18．C    19．A    20．G
【导语】本文是说明文。本文通过1985年，16岁的道格拉斯·卡萨(Douglas Casa)在帝国运动会(Empire State Games)的10000米比赛中因为患上劳力性热射病体温处于危险水平提出这个现象并介绍了治疗方法。
16．根据空前“In 1985, 16-year old Douglas Casa collapsed when running the championship 10,000 meter Face at the Empire State Games. With just 200 meters to go, he got up and then fell down again. his body temperature at dangerous levels.（1985年，16岁的道格拉斯·卡萨(Douglas Casa)在帝国运动会(Empire State Games)的10000米比赛中摔倒。在距离终点只有200米的时候，他爬了起来，然后又摔倒了。他的体温处于危险水平。）”可知，这里描述了选手道格拉斯在跑步中摔倒体温处于危险水平，空处引出主题。F项“He had suffered an exertional heat stroke, or sunstroke（他曾因劳累患上劳力性热射病，或者叫中暑）”符合语境，故选F。
17．根据空前“How does an exertional heat stroke(劳力性热射病) come about? When you exercise, in normal circumstances, nearly 80% of the energy you use is transformed into heat.（劳力性中暑是如何发生的?在正常情况下，当你运动时，你消耗的能量有近80%转化为热量。）”可知，接下来对这个症状进行总结，B项“This is what is known as compensable heat stress.（这就是所谓的可补偿性热应激。）”其中this指代前面能量转化热量的现象。故选B。
18．根据空后“The main criterion is a core body temperature greater than 40℃ along with physical symptoms like confused behavior or loss of consciousness. The most accurate way to assess core body temperature is with a rectal thermometer(直肠温度计).（主要标准是核心体温高于40℃，并伴有行为混乱或意识丧失等身体症状。测量核心体温最准确的方法是用直肠体温计）”可知，这里是对前面问题如何判断是否运动中暑的解释。C项“So how do you recognize an exertional heat stroke?（那么如何识别运动性中暑呢?）”，符合语境。故选C。
19．根据空前“The good news is that though this condition is one of the top three leading causes of death in sports, we can do something effective to save lives（好消息是，尽管这种情况是体育运动中导致死亡的三大原因之一，但我们可以做一些有效的事情来挽救生命。）”可知，接下来讲述在这种情况下才能如何挽救生命。A项“It is definitely survivable with proper care（如果护理得当，它绝对是可以存活的）”，符合语境。故选A。
20．根据空后“As you wait, it’s important to keep the victim calm while cooling as much surface area as possible until emergency personnel arrive.（在等待的过程中，重要的是要让受害者保持冷静，同时让尽可能多的表面冷却，直到急救人员到达。）”可知，这里是等待救护车，需要先拨打救护车，G项“But before you start anything, emergency services should be called.（但在你开始行动之前，应该打电话给急救中心。）”，符合语境。故选G。

10.【浙江省名校协作体2023年高三2月试题】
Do you ever feel really afraid of failing? Do you think you have to be perfect all the time? Do you get very upset over small mistakes that you think you made and then imagine that makes the whole thing you are working on wrong? ____36____.
Perfectionists think that if they don’t act perfectly, they are really bad or worthless. ____37____. For example, you imagine other people judge you very harshly for very small mistakes. Perfectionists set really unrealistic goals for themselves, such as, I will make honor roll every year or never miss a step in that dance sequence. ____38____. This kind of thinking means you view situations as all good or all bad—nothing in between.
____39____. The first step is to help them identify their thoughts about a situation that’s distressing. They are advised to ask themselves, “What is going through my mind right now?” Then, if their next thought is along the lines of all-good or all-bad thinking such as “I made a mistake and now my project is ruined,” it is suggested that they ask themselves something about that thought. They could ask, “Is there a way to see my situation as not all good or bad, but as something in between?”
Setting realistic goals sounds like a crucial part of trying to avoid perfectionism, while still being motivated to do well. Yes, contrary to what most people think, you can still become very successful without being a perfectionist! ____40____. They can fail at a task and more easily bounce back from that failure.
A．If you do, then you are probably a perfectionist.
B．So what can people do to help change the way they think?
C．Perfectionists sometimes avoid challenges for fear of failing.
D．When they don’t meet these goals, they feel it’s a catastrophe.
E．They appreciate success without linking it so rigidly to their self-worth.
F．Positive strivers set realistic goals and enjoy challenging themselves.
G．They usually think others also use the same unreasonably high standards to judge them.
【答案】36．A    37．G    38．D    39．B    40．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了完美主义者的特征以及如何改变完美主义者的思维。
36．根据前文“Do you ever feel really afraid of failing? Do you think you have to be perfect all the time? Do you get very upset over small mistakes that you think you made and then imagine that makes the whole thing you are working on wrong?(你曾经真的害怕失败吗？你认为你必须一直保持完美吗？你是否会因为你认为自己犯了一些小错误而非常沮丧，然后想象这会让你正在做的整个事情都错了？)”可知，如果有以上的现象，你有可能是一个完美主义者。所以选择项A“If you do, then you are probably a perfectionist.(如果是的，那么你可能是一个完美主义者。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
37．根据前句“Perfectionists think that if they don’t act perfectly, they are really bad or worthless. (完美主义者认为，如果他们表现得不完美，他们就真的很糟糕或毫无价值。)”和后句“For example, you imagine other people judge you very harshly for very small mistakes.(例如，你想象其他人会因为你的一个小错误而严厉地批评你。)”可知，完美主义者认为不但自己要求完美，还会认为别人都以高标准来评判他们。所以选择项G“They usually think others also use the same unreasonably high standards to judge them. (他们通常认为别人也用同样不合理的高标准来评判他们。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
38．根据前句“Perfectionists set really unrealistic goals for themselves, such as, I will make honor roll every year or never miss a step in that dance sequence. (完美主义者给自己设定的目标非常不切实际，比如，我每年都要上荣誉榜，或者在舞蹈中从不错过一步。)”和后句“This kind of thinking means you view situations as all good or all bad—nothing in between. (这种思维意味着你认为情况不是全好就是全坏——没有介于两者之间。)”可知，如果完美主义者没有达到给自己设定的目标，就会认为很糟糕。所以选择项D“When they don’t meet these goals, they feel it’s a catastrophe. (当他们没有达到这些目标时，他们会觉得这是一场灾难。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
39．空处为本段主旨句。根据后文“The first step is to help them identify their thoughts about a situation that’s distressing. They are advised to ask themselves, “What is going through my mind right now?” Then, if their next thought is along the lines of all-good or all-bad thinking such as “I made a mistake and now my project is ruined,” it is suggested that they ask themselves something about that thought. They could ask, “Is there a way to see my situation as not all good or bad, but as something in between?”(第一步是帮助他们确定自己对令人痛苦的情况的想法。建议他们问自己：“我现在在想什么?”然后，如果他们的下一个想法是完全好的或完全坏的，比如“我犯了一个错误，现在我的项目被毁了”，建议他们问问自己关于这个想法的一些事情。他们可能会问：“有没有一种方法可以让我的处境不完全是？”)”可知，本段主要介绍如何帮助改变完美主义者的思维方式。所以选择项B“So what can people do to help change the way they think? (那么，人们能做些什么来帮助改变他们的思维方式呢？)”符合题意。故选B。
40．根据前文“Setting realistic goals sounds like a crucial part of trying to avoid perfectionism, while still being motivated to do well. Yes, contrary to what most people think, you can still become very successful without being a perfectionist! (设定现实的目标听起来像是避免完美主义的一个关键部分，同时仍然有动力做好。是的，与大多数人的想法相反，你仍然可以变得非常成功，而不是一个完美主义者!)”和后句“They can fail at a task and more easily bounce back from that failure.(他们可以在任务中失败，并且更容易从失败中恢复过来。)”可知，这里介绍完美主义者与积极奋斗者对待目标的态度。所以选择项F“Positive strivers set realistic goals and enjoy challenging themselves. (积极奋斗者设定现实的目标，喜欢挑战自我。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。