01语法填空之名词-高考英语三轮冲刺闯关（新高考专用）

01【查缺补漏】语法填空之名词（解析版）

一，变成名词的形式

1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词：（2)-tion,-sion 结尾的名词（3)-ment结尾的名词4)-ness 结尾的名词5)-age结尾的名词（6)-th结尾的名词（7)-ure 结尾的名词8)-ce结尾的名词：（9)-dom结尾的名词（10)-hood结尾的名词（11)-ship结尾的名词（12)-ing结尾的名词

     二，名词单复数

名词分为可数名词与不可数名词

1，a/an+名词，可数名词前没有a/an要注意是否有复数含义，普通形式的可数名词若有则加s/es/去y变i加es

2，以fe和f结尾的单词变复数的特殊用法：妻子拿刀去杀狼，吓得小偷架下藏。半片树叶掉下来，砸到头上己命亡。妻子wife-wives，刀子knife-knives，狼wolf-wolves，小偷thief-thives，架子shelf-shelves，半half-halves，树叶leaf-leaves，自己self-selves，生命life-lives。

3，集体名词 根据语境来确定该集体名词的单复数含义

三，动名词做主语 表示单个含义的动名词做主语视为名词的单数形式

四，名词所有格 形容词性物主代词/形容词+名词

              N1 of N2无生命名词所有格，翻译为N2 的N1

           在定语从句中，N1 whose N2,翻译为N1的N2

【仿真训练，触类旁通】

1.The far side of the moon is of particular       (interesting) to scientists.

2.Later, they learned to work with the          (season), planting at the right time.

3.“China is the only nation that has been able to maintain its cultural       (grow) for thousands of years,” the husband said.

4.You may not know the name John Stith Pemberton, but you must know the name of his         (invent): Coca-Cola.5.Statistics consistently show that half of (child) prefer riding bicycles to playing on computers or smart phones.

6. The novel coronavirus, now officially named COVID-19,is a new          (ill) and scientists are still studying the best ways to control it.

7.There is an old Chinese custom making chopsticks part of a girl＇s dowry（嫁妆） since the (pronounce) of kuaizi is similar to the words for “quick” and “son”.

8. Disney nature's film Born in China , which focuses or the lives of rare species native to China such as pan das and golden monkeys, hit                                                        (theater)i the Friday.

9. But some have put forward the idea that the remains date from this period because of their       (sim lar) to those found elsewhere.

10.She took me from a poor, unhappy college students and brought me into her world: a world of smile love and                                           (warm).

11. We convey either by words or by actions that failure something to be ashamed of and that nothing but performance meets with our                                          (approve).

12.His         (curious) made him wonder about clouds.

13. Seeing both his daugthers admitted to key universities, he felt a sense of        (achieve).

14.I have a        (believe) that I must do my best every day.

15. The government should pay more attention to im-proving education and employment so as to eliminate the                              (possible) of home-grown terrorism.

1.interest 考查名词。句意：科学家们对月球的背面特别感兴趣。此处考查“be of＋n.”的用法。该结构相当于形容词。

2.seasons 考查名词的数。句意：后来，他们学会了与季节相适应，适时播种。所填单词表示一年中的多个季节，因此用复数形式。

3．growth 考查名词。句意：“中国是唯一一个几千年来一直保持文化发展的国家，”丈夫说。所填单词作动词 maintain的宾语，用名词表示抽象意义，不可数，故填growth。

4．invention 考查名词。句意：你可能不知道 John Stith Pemberton的名字，但你一定知道他的发明物的名字：可口可乐。所填单词作of的宾语，应该填 invent的名词形式 invention。

5．children 考查名词的数。句意：统计数据一致显示，有一半的孩子更喜欢骑自行车，而不是玩电脑或智能手机。所填名词child为可数名词，此处表示类属关系，应为复数，故填children。

6．illness 考查名词。分析句子可知所填单词作表语。根据anew可知，此处应填单数名词illness，表示“疾病”，故填 illness。

7.pronunciation 考查名词。句意：中国有一个古老的习俗，那就是把筷子作为女孩的嫁妆的一部分，因为kuaizi的发音与“快子（快生孩子）”的发音相似。分析句子结构 the                                                        (pro-nounce）of可知此空用名词。根据后面从句谓语动词is可确定此处使用名词单数形式，故填 pronunciation。

8.theaters 考查名词的数。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为 theaters。

9．similarities 句意：一些人提出建议说这些残骸应该追溯到这个时期，因为他们与其他地方找到的很相似。前为 their，所以此空应该填名词形式，并且是复数。

10．warmth 句意：她把我从一个贫穷的不开心的大学生中带出来，把我带进她的世界中：一个充满微笑、爱和温暖的世界。前面是几个并列名词，所以此处为 warm的名词 warmth.

11．approval 句意：我们用言语或行动来表达失败是羞耻的，只有最好的表现才能得到我们的认可。前面是形容词性物主代词，所以此处为名词 approval.

12．curiosity 句意：他的好奇心使他对云感到好奇．空前有his，故此处用名词形式。

13．achievement 句意：两个女儿都被重点大学录取了，他内心很有成就感。a sense of achievement 为固定搭配，意为“成就感

14．belief 句意：我有一个信念：我每天必须要尽力做到最好。空前有不定冠词a，故用名词形式。

15．possibility 句意：政府应该更多的关注改善教育和就业，以此来消除本土恐怖主义的可能性。前面是定冠词，所以应该填名词形式

【真题再现，牛刀小试】

2015年全国一卷语法填空

Yang shuo ,China

It was raining lightly when I​61​(arrive) in Yang shuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours​62​I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with​63​(it) choking smog.Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese65     (painting). Instead , I'd headed straight for Yang shuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away​66​car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yang shuo              ​(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers​68​(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yang shuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong ,says it​69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people​70(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

解析，paintings，考察名词复数，难度中等。根据空格前修饰语 so many及paintings是可数名词,应用复数形式paintings.

2016年全国一卷语法填空

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify（识别）those of 61（great） and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 62     (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow​63​(be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused​our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65_possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent​66     ​(study) show that we are far more productive at work if wé take short breaks​67              ​(regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for​68​ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely_69_(bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports-but whatever it is,70_(make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

解析， 66题，achievement，(N1) of  N2 ,考察由of构成的无生命名词所有格，of前后放名词，achieve 的名词加ment , a real sense of achievement，一种真正的成就感，故填achievement.

解析，66题 studies，recent最近的，是形容词，修饰名词study，另外本句中谓语动词为show,说明主语为复数形式studies

2017年全国一卷语法填空

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）​61​a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side​62  ​(effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required​63_(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something .As 65​result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even​66 (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food​67​(be) full of fat and salt; by_68_(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69_(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,​70 is not good for the health.

解析，62题，effects,副作用side effect,根据前面修饰词some，所以用复数形式effects.

2018年全国一卷语法填空

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years​61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long​62 (see) the benefit . You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63_(die) early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it​64​(be) more effective at lengthening life 65​walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014​ 66    showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67                (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise .. it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles（肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.

解析，67题，causes,根据前面修饰词 all，故用名次的复数形式causes.

2019年全国一卷语法填空

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been​62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20 000-25 000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods​63​tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive​64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut​65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a​ 66    (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by_67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements，leading to the illusion（错觉）that populations are​68​(high) than they actually are. Of​69​​nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six​70.​(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

解析，66题，belief, a+名词，a belief 一种信仰，所以填belief.

2020年全国一卷语法填空

China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon． The unmanned Chang＇e-4 probe（探测器）-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess-61​(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is_​62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe ,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot​63​it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular_64     (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so​65​the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4​66​(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.​“ This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,“ because it ​67​(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon​68​(construct).” Data about the moon's composition, such as how​69​ice and other treasures it contains , could help China decide whether​70​(it) plans for a future lunar（月球的） base are practical.

解析，64题，interest,形容词= be of +名词。Interesting在此可换成 is of (particular) interest.

2021年全国一卷语法填空

Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact（影响） travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become​ (educate) about the areas-both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural-characteristics ,ana-oHen -Piov for conservation and benefits the​62                               (develop) of the local areas.Ecotourism has​63​(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept​64​the late 1980s. During that time ,increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.

Due to​65​growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types​66​trips are now being classified as ecotourism., Actually, a true' eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:

·Minimize the impact of​67​(visit) the place.

·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.

Provide​68​(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.

·Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.

Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.​69 （activity） there range from whale watching to hiking（远足） and accommodations aim​70​(have) a low impact on the natural environment.

解析，62题 development，(N1) of N2 ,考察由of构成的无生命名词所有格，of前后放名词，develop的名词形式加ment,填development.

解析，69题，Activities,根据谓语动词rang可知，主语应为复数名词，故填Activities,注意首字母要大写。