07语法填空之时态语态-高考英语三轮冲刺闯关（新高考专用）

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07【查缺补漏】语法填空之时态语态（解析版）高考英语动词的时态语态速查速记各种时态与语态的构成 现在过去将来过去将来主动被动主动被动主动被动主动被动一般do/doesam/is/are donedidwas/were doneshall/ will doshall/will be doneshould/ would doshould/would be done进行am/is/ are doingam/is/are being donewas/were doingwas/were being doneshall/will be doingshall/will be being doneshould/would be doingshould/would be being done完成has/ have donehas/have been donehad done had been doneshall/will have doneshall/will have been doneshould/would have doneshould/would have been done完成进行has/have been doing \had been doing\shall/will have been doing\should/would have been doing\ 动词过去式的变化规则一般情况在动词后加­edwork→worked　       play→playedwant→wanted 以­e结尾的动词后加­dhope→hoped          like→liked以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加­edstudy→studied         try→tried以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­edstop→stopped         prefer→preferredadmit→admitted       permit→permitted 动词第三人称单数的变化规则一般情况直接加­swork→works　      get→getssay→says　　       read→reads结尾为­s, ­x, ­sh, ­ch或­o，在词尾加­esdiscuss→discusses    wash→washesfix→fixes   　      go→goesteach→teaches[来源:]结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为i再加­escarry→carries　      study→studiestry→tries　   fly→flies      cry→cries  动词现在分词的变化规则一般情况在词尾直接加­ingwork→working         study→studying以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加­ingwrite→writing    take→taking    face→facing“辅音＋元音＋辅音”结尾的重读闭音节词， 且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母，再加­ingcut→cutting            begin→beginningswim→swimming       run→runningput→putting            plan→planningstop→stopping以­ie结尾的动词，变­ie为y再加­inglie→lying　            die→dying1. And ,as more children were born, more food         (need).2.However,greater attention should             （place）on longevity（长寿）.3.China is widely known for its ancient civilization, which        (continue) all the way through into modern times.4.The problem is that once something         (put) on the Internet ,it can be difficult to remove.5. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in theirtrash can（垃圾桶）that             ​(leave) on the footpath.6.Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads (build)        .7.The night​(be)             very dark. Some neighbors will come along latèr in the dark and will fall against the stone.8. You are not allowed to gó into the meeting room. A -secret plan        ​(discuss) there.9.-Take this medicine three times a day, Tom.5-Do I have to take it? It​             (taste) so terrible.10.For more than 50 yeárs , travellers     ​(use) the international driver's license to travel in foreign countries.11.The men said they​​               (hear) a tiger growling somewhere nearby, but they didn't know from which direction the noise had come.12.I don't catch what our teacher said, because I     (think) about something else.13.In 1969,the pollution              ​​(be) terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.14.James has just arrived, but I didn't know he         (come) until yesterday.15. I first met Lily five years ago. She      (work) as a nurse in a hospital at the time.二、语法填空It is widely accepted that optimistic attitudes pro-mote health as well as happiness. The secret of a long life 16 (seek)               for a long time. Today we can reveal it: always look on the bright side. A huge research project which​17               (lead) by scientists at Boston University School of Medicine​18                            ​(conclude):that optimists live longer.Lewina Lee, lead author of the study ,said,“ A lot of evidence​19    .(suggest) that exceptional longevity （长寿）：20              ​(accompany) widely by a longer span of good health and living without disability. Therefore, our findings raise an exciting possibility that we may be able to promote health and happiness by developing positive attitudes such as optimism. ”However ,the study doesn't suggest that we should aim for great pleasure. Sadness is an important part of the human condition. Any normal person some-times​​21                            ​​(experience) disappointment and the 22​                            (lose) of loved ones But for many people, these matters of human existence​23                            ​(transform) into an abnormal state of despair. There​24              ​(be) a vital place in public health for providing mental​25                (treat) in helping to correct these cognitive errors. It is not weakness to be defeated by setbacks. It is merely a mistake.解析1，.was needed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意，而且，由于更的孩子出生，就需要更多的食物。此处所填单词作句子的谓语同时和主语之间是被动关系；且由were born可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。2．be plnced 考查动词的语态。何意：然而，应该更大程度地关注长寿（这个因素）。place和主语 attention之间是被动关系，故此处应用被动语态；且由情态动词should可知，此处应填beplaced。3.has continued​考查动词的时态。句意：中国因其古老的文明而广为人知，这一文明一直延续到现代。分析句子结构可知，后半句为which 引导的非限制性定语从句，该从句中“持续”这一动作发生在过去，持续到现在，故此处应用现在完成时；句子主语为 civilization，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填 has continued。4．is put／has been put 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：问题是，某样东西一旦被放到互联网上，有时会很难删除。句子主语something为单数第三人称形式，和谓语动词put之间是被动关系，结合句意可知此处用一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态都可以，故答案为 is put／has been put。5．had been left 考查动词的时态和语态。由句意可知，此处意为“被遗留”，故应采用被动语态；由前文“had found”可知，“beleft”这个动作肯定发生在“said”这个动作之前，甚至在“hadfound”之前，故应采用过去完成时。故此处用过去完成时的被动语态。6．will be built 考查动词的时态和语态。所填单词作谓语，同时和主语之间是被动关系。再根据句意，此处表示将来发生的动作，故用一般将来时的被动语态。7．will be 考查动词的时态。句意：夜晚将会漆黑一片，一些邻居将会晚些时候摸着黑一起过来，他们会被这块石头绊倒的。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填动词。根据后面句子中使用的一般将来时可知，此处也应使用一般将来时。8．is being discussed 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填动词。此处指正在会议室讨论一个秘密计划，因此用现在进行时，由于主语 plan和动词discuss之间为被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动语态。9．tastes 句意：-Tom，这个药每天吃三次。-我非得吃吗？它尝起来太糟糕了。taste在此用作系动词，用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义。10．have used／have been using 句意：50多年来，游客们一直在使用国际驾照在外国旅游。根据时间状语 For more than 50years可知设空处需用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。11．had heard 句意：那些人说他们曾在附近某些地方听到过虎啸，但他们不知道虎啸到底来自哪个方向。设空处hear先于said 发生，表示“过去的过去”，故设空处需用过去完成时。12．was thinking 句意：我没有听懂我们的老师说的什么，因为我刚才在考虑别的事情。根据句意，老师说话的时候我正在考虑别的事情，故用过去进行时。13．was 句意：在1969年，俄亥俄州染严重。有具体时间状语出现，所以用一般过去时。14．was coming／would come 句意：James刚到，但是我直到昨天才知道他要来。根据句意，昨天才知道他要来，故用过去将来时，此处既可以用进行时表示将来，也可用 would come。15．was working 句意：我五年前第一次见到莉莉。她当时正在一所医院里做护士。根据句意和时间状语 at the time 可知，这里用过去进行时，强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。二、语法填空16．has been sought 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：长寿的秘诀是人们长久以来一直在探索的。名词 secret和动词seek之间是被动关系，且由时间状语 for a long time 可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。17．was／is led 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：波士顿大学医学院的科学家们领导了一个大型研究项目，得出乐观主义者寿命更长的结论。所填单词作谓语，同时表示被动关系。此处可以指实验已经结束，也可指一个事实，因此用一般现在时一般过去时均可。18．concludes 考查动词的时态。此处表示实验的结论，表示观事实，因此用一般现在时。19．suggests 考查动词的时态。句意：·大量证据表明，很程度上与罕见的长寿相伴随的是更持久的好身体和无缺陷生活。此处陈述事实，因此用一般现在时。20．is accompanied 考查动词的时态和语态。这里陈述事实，且表示被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。21．experiences 考查动词的时态。句意：任何正常人有时都会历失望和失去所爱的人或物的痛苦。所填单词作谓语，且处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时。22.loss​考查词性转换。由定冠词the知，此处应填名词。此表示失去。23．aretransformed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：但对许多来说，这些关于人类生存的问题变成了一种不正常的绝望态。transform是及物动词，与matters之间是被动关系；且处陈述的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。24．is 考查动词的时态。此处是 there be结构，其后是单数名a vital place，且此处陈述的是客观事实。故填is。25,treatment,考查词性转换，所填单词做宾语，所以用名词形式。【真题再现，牛刀小试】2015年全国一卷语法填空Yang shuo ,ChinaIt was raining lightly when I  61     ​(arrive) in Yang shuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours​62​I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with​63​(it) choking smog.Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese65     (painting). Instead , I'd headed straight for Yang shuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away​66​car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yang shuo              ​(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers​68​(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yang shuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong ,says it​69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people​70(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong解析，61题，arrived，考查动词的时态。空格前由when引导的时间状语在句中作谓语，结合句中的was raining可知，此处表是过去的动作，故填arrived.2016年全国一卷语法填空If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify（识别）those of 61（great） and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 62     (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow​63​                            (be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused​our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65_possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent​66     ​(study) show that we are far more productive at work if wé take short breaks​67              ​(regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for​68​ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely_69_(bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports-but whatever it is,70_(make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about解析，63题is,考查动词和主谓一致，根据本句中的主语Leaving the less important things 可知，谓语动词要用单数，本句是在陈述一件事，应用一般现在时，故填is。2017年全国一卷语法填空There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）​61​a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side​62  ​(effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required​63_(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64                                          (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something .As 65​result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even​66 (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food​67​(be) full of fat and salt; by_68_(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69_(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,​70 is not good for the health解析，64题，are removed，考查动词的时态和语态。主语fat and salt 和remove之间是动宾关系，结合语境此处叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时态，故填are removed2018年全国一卷语法填空According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years​61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long​62 (see) the benefit . You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63_(die) early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it​64                            ​(be) more effective at lengthening life 65​walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014​ 66    showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67                (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise .. it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles（肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.解析，64题，is 根据空格前的says 及语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。2019年全国一卷语法填空The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been​62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20 000-25 000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods​63​tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive​64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut​65                                           (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a​ 66    (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by_67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements，leading to the illusion（错觉）that populations are​68​(high) than they actually are. Of​69​​nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six​70.​(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.解析65题，have reported，时间状语in recent years表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用，故填have reported。2020年全国一卷语法填空China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon． The unmanned Chang＇e-4 probe（探测器）-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess-61                            ​(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is_​62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe ,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot​63​it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular_64     (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so​65​the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4​66​(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.​“ This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,“ because it ​67                            ​(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon​68​                                          (construct).” Data about the moon's composition, such as how​69​ice and other treasures it contains , could help China decide whether​70​(it) plans for a future lunar（月球的） base are practical.解析，61题，touched，根据下文的时间状语last week可知此处应该用一般过去时。      67题，means，本句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数，故填means      68题，is constructed,本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the moon 与动词constructed 之间构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，另外主语是the moon，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填is constructed.