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专题02 新型冠状病毒-备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题）
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这是一份专题02 新型冠状病毒-备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题），共20页。
备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练
(中考真题+名校最新模拟真题)
专题02 新型冠状病毒
（2022·湖南湘潭·中考真题）Liu Min is an English teacher. These days, her family are experiencing a different life of working and studying. They get up and do morning exercises at 6:30 in the living room. After breakfast, they start their work and study. Her husband turns on his computer in the study (书房), reading his e-mails and making a list of today’s work. Before Liu Min begins to give lessons online, she makes sure her students, including her daughter, are all there.
Because of COVID-19, many people are now working and studying at home like them, and they are called telecommuters (居家办公者). When they are working at home, they can follow their own plans and get connected with the workplaces through the Internet.
Working at home brings them something good. There is more time than before to communicate with their family members. While working at home, they can look after their children, too. On the other hand, they save more time and money without traveling to work. It also helps produce less pollution and fewer traffic problems. However, the family still hope they can come back to their normal life.
Thanks to the Chinese government, things are getting better now. As a manager, the husband can talk with his workers face to face. Liu Min and her daughter can return to school.
1．Liu Min’s husband does these things in the study except ________.
A．reading his e-mails B．making a list of today’s work C．doing morning exercises
2．From the text, which of the following is one of the advantages of working at home?
A．They can have big meals with family.
B．They can save more time and money.
C．They can look after their old parents.
3．In paragraph (段落) 2, what does the underlined word “them” refer to (指代)?
A．Liu Min’s family. B．Liu Min’s children. C．Liu Min’s students.
4．According to the text, we can know that ________.
A．Liu Min is a Chinese teacher
B．Liu Min is her daughter’s teacher
C．Liu Min’s family don’t need to work
5．What can be the best title (标题) of the text?
A．Different Workplaces B．Liu Min’s Teaching Online C．Working and Studying at Home
（2021·广西贺州·中考真题）The winter of 2019 seemed longer and colder than that in any other year because of COVID-19（新冠肺炎）. By Thursday, March 5th, 2020, over 30,000 medical workers have gone to Wuhan. They were fighting in a special “war”. Not only the patients but also the doctors and nurses faced the risk of life.
One of them is Dong Jie, a doctor. He did a good job during the 2003 SARS, so he went to this new war. He said he could share his experience in SARS with the doctors and give them confidence. He often showed the medical workers how to wear special clothes properly and better protect themselves. He also taught them how to treat patients.
In order to prevent the illness from spreading, all the public services must be closed. There were three special barbers with masks （口罩） in Hefei. They have helped hundreds of people cut hair since February 15th. They were busy visiting different places in the city as well as the countryside and offering free service from 2 p.m. till evening every day.
Zheng Wenyu and Ye Qiangiu are students. They tried their best to call on everyone to raise money for Wuhan. Many teenagers gave away their pocket money and lucky money. They raised about 120,000 yuan after two days. They used it to buy 60 tons of vegetables from local farmers and sent them to Wuhan.
All the Internet people called them heroes and they set a good example.
根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。
6．What is Dong Jie’s job?
A．He is a student. B．He is a teacher. C．He is a doctor. D．He is a barber.
7．What does the underlined word “They” in the third paragraph refer to?
A．The doctors. B．The volunteer barbers. C．The students. D．The patients.
8．What can we know from the fourth paragraph?
A．Zheng Wenyu and Ye Qianqiu are two teachers.
B．Many teenagers gave away their money to Wuhan.
C．Zheng Wenyu and Ye Qianqiu gave away about 12,000 yuan.
D．The local farmers bought 60 tons of vegetables and sent them to Wuhan.
9．What is the best title of the passage?
A．How to fight against COVID-19. B．The heroes in fighting against COVID-19.
C．How to be a good doctor. D．How to raise money for Wuhan.
（2021·浙江温州·中考真题）
Most viruses can be found and killed by our immune system as soon as they enter our bodies. However, some viruses, for example, the coronavirus, are sneaky. They are difficult to recognize and find. These viruses can cause deadly diseases, like COVID-19. Human-to-human transmission can easily occur, and pandemic will therefore break out. Vaccination is by now a simple, safe and effective way to protect us from the diseases.
▲ Vaccines are something that “looks” exactly the same as the viruses, mainly made from the viruses that are weakened or killed. They will not make us really ill. They only stimulate and activate our immune system to work, telling it something harmful is coming in. The immune system will know what the “viruses” look like, and send B cells (lymphocytes) or antibodies to find and kill them. Meanwhile B cells will remember them for the next kill. A vaccine may also give us passive immunity by providing B cells taken from an animal or a human to play the same role.
Scientists have developed more than 180 vaccines to fight against COVID-19. The technical approaches of these vaccines can be a little different, but their aims are the same.
Take the inactivated vaccine as an example. In an inactivated vaccine, the coronaviruses are already killed or made into the ones unable to produce more new viruses. When the immune system “sees” them, it will try to kill them. The question is: without enough these viruses how can B cells remember them? That’s why we need to take the vaccine more than one time. Though this vaccine is safe, it might not be as effective as it is expected to be.
The live-attenuated vaccine is different. In this vaccine, the viruses are weakened, but they are alive. They can produce enough new viruses to train the immune system to kill and remember them, so people only need to take the vaccine once. The live-attenuated vaccine is considered the most effective, but there is a worry: what might happen once these viruses wake up?
Therefore, although vaccination is by now one of the best ways to protect us from COVID-19, it can be better.
10．The coronavirus can ________.
A．not be killed B．not be found C．cause deaths D．stop pandemic
11．Which of the following can be the best topic sentence of Paragraph 2?
A．Vaccination can provide us with B cells. B．Vaccines are made from different viruses.
C．Vaccination can prepare us against viruses. D．Vaccines won’t make us ill as the viruses do.
12．Compared to the inactivated vaccine the live-attenuated vaccine ________.
A．needs taking more than once B．is equally safe
C．contains viruses that are killed D．is more effective
13．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Vaccination is good enough to treat COVID-19.
B．The immune system can be more effective with vaccines.
C．The viruses in inactivated vaccines can make new viruses.
D．180 vaccines have been developed to fight against diseases.
（2022·云南·峨山彝族自治县教育科学研究所三模）As COVID-19 spreads in the world, many countries are changing their social habits in order to protect themselves.
France
France is famous for its romantic greetings. They touch each other’s faces and make a kissing sound. But now, this habit may have to stop. A French manner expert said that simply looking into a person’s eyes can be enough as a greeting.
Brazil
In Brazil, chimarrao is a special drink that is commonly shared among a group of close friends. The tea is passed around in a cup, and everyone takes turns to drink it. But at present, people are encouraged not to share it.
Australia
Australians are quite free when it comes to greetings. “G’day（你好）, mate”, a handshake, and smile will be enough. But now the Australian government is asking Australians to take a pat on the back instead of a handshake.
Iran
Traditionally, people in Iran shake hands to greet with one another. But today, COVID-19 has made “footshake” a new way of greeting. A video has been popular in Iran, showing three friends meeting-hands in their pockets-tapping their feet against each other as a greeting.
14．The purpose of changing social habits is to ________.
A．change the eating habits B．ask people to stay at home
C．protect themselves D．change the way of greeting
15．This passage mainly introduces four new ________.
A．social habits B．special drinks C．local languages D．foreign countries
16．If you meet your friend Jenny in France this year, you’d better ________ as a greeting.
A．touch her face B．pat her back C．share a drink D．look into her eyes
17．From the passage, we learn that “footshake” has been a new way of greeting in ________.
A．France B．Brazil C．Australia D．Iran
18．The passage may be ________.
A．a story B．a science article C．a notice D．a novel
（2022·四川绵阳·二模）With the outbreak of COVID-19 people are encouraged and even forced to practice social distancing from each other in public. From the ancient Chinese fist-in-palm bow(拱手礼) to the new elbow touch used by western politicians, the ways of greeting have changed greatly.
Perhaps the most famous greeting in China is the Wuhan shake. The “shake”, including both sides hitting lightly on the shoes with each other, started in March after the videos of the new greeting went hot. Since it first appeared, some famous politicians have publicly performed the Wuhan shake, inspiring a guess that it might become the world’s new greeting.
“Wuhan shake is a fun way to show people’s close relationship in such a difficult time. Chuan-Kang Shih, a cultural professor at the University of Florida, said, People want to cheer themselves up by not touching physically, so they invented this.”
China is not alone. As social distancing remains due to COVID-19, many cultures around the world are taking their new greetings to adapt to the new situation.
Across New Zealand, local Maori groups warned their members to avoid greeting each other with traditional hongi (two people touch their noses and foreheads together). New Zealand’s prime minister, Jacinda Ardern, strongly advised all people to stop handshakes, hugs and hongi. He said, “We must change customs and traditions which are harmful at this special time, since the most important thing in the world is the people.”
In France, the traditional cheek kiss is very important to greeting with friends, workmates and even national leaders. Although the situation got improved, Manon Fily went to see some old high school friends after two months staying away in her home. “We had the strong wish to do the cheek kiss when greeting,” said Fily. However, considering the tough situation, we had to stop ourselves.”
19．What caused the way of greeting to change globally?
A．COVID-19. B．People’s choice.
C．The harmful traditions. D．Famous people’s performance.
20．Why do people practise the Wuhan shake according to Chuan-Kang Shih?
A．To catch the fashion. B．To follow the leaders.
C．To cheer up each other. D．To show their personality.
21．What does Jacinda Ardern suggest in Paragraph 5?
A．People are more important than traditions.
B．People should give up practicing hongi forever.
C．Local people are more important than politicians.”
D．Local people must change the traditions and customs.
22．What does the underlined word tough in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．cool B．hard C．crazy D．Cold
23．What’s in common about the changed greetings in the passage?
A．They all follow the government’s order. B．They all become popular since the start.
C．They all get support from the politicians. D．They all encourage social distancing from others.
（2022·福建南平·模拟预测）The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world. The newly found COVID-19 variant(变种), Omicron, is causing new concerns. Since vaccinations(接种疫苗)are still an important tool to help build protection, more countries in Europe are aiming at the unvaccinated.
Greece. It will be the first country in the European Union to amerce unvaccinated people. The country plans to make COVID-19 vaccinations mandatory(强制的)for all people aged 60 and over. Those who have not gotten their first shot(第一针)by Jan 16, 2022 will face a monthly fine of 100 euros(about 718 yuan). The money goes to support hospital services. Since November, the unvaccinated have been banned from going to many indoor places such as museums, theaters and gyms.
Germany. On Dec 2, Germany carried out a nationwide lock-down for the unvaccinated. Unvaccinated people will be banned from going to all but the most necessary businesses, such as supermarkets and drugstores. Unvaccinated people can only meet up with two people from another household, CNN reported.
Austria. In Austria, unvaccinated people aged 12 and older have been under a lock-down since Nov 15. They can only leave home for work, medical reasons or to get something of daily use. If anyone goes against the rule, he or she will be fined up to 500 euros.
Italy. Unvaccinated people are banned from dining indoors in restaurants and bars as well as from attending shows, sports events and public ceremonies. The rule came into effect on Dec. 6 and will last until Jan. 15. But those who have a negative COVID-19 test result will be allowed to go to work.
24．Who will be fined in Greece Starting from Jan. 16, 2022?
A．People who break the rule of lock-down. B．People who haven’t gotten a second shot.
C．People who refuse to see a doctor. D．People who are unvaccinated and older than 60.
25．Which country has a time limit for the restrictions(限制规定)?
A．Greece. B．Germany. C．Austria. D．Italy.
26．If a 22-year-old Austrian hasn’t gotten vaccinated, he/she .
A．won’t be able to go to work B．will be fined up to 500 euros
C．will be forced to get vaccinated D．can leave home for medical purposes.
27．What does underline word “amerce” mean in Paragraph2?
A．奖励 B．罚款 C．批评 D．问候
28．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．Omicron is causing new concerns.
B．Vaccinations are still an important tool to help build protection.
C．How the European countries target the unvaccinated.
D．How to keep away from COVID-19.
（2022·福建宁德·二模）We are surrounded by the news about COVID-19 and other viruses (病毒), but how much do you really know about them? Viruses that infect (感染) humans nearly always cause illness. Fortunately, just as we know a lot about how viruses harm us, so do we know how to prevent them. These facts are a good place to start.
● __________
Some viruses, including those that cause herpes, COVID-19, and AIDS, can be spread through asymptomatic people (they never had signs of the illness) and presymptomatic people (they don’t have signs yet), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Some of them may even be “superspreaders”, infecting dozens to hundreds of other people without even realizing it. Take action to prevent spreading viruses even when you don’t feel sick.
● __________
Wash your hands. This is a piece of advice given by World Health Organization (WHO). Make sure to wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds and dry your hands on a clean towel. In public restrooms, avoid air dryers, which blow contaminants (污染物) all over the place.
● __________
Do regular exercise. Regular exercise, which can include taking quick walks, has been shown to improve your immune system, thus reducing your possibilities of developing a cold or the flu. But don’t overdo it. If you haven’t received professional (专业的) training before and you’re training for a long marathon, that can have the opposite effect and hurt your immune system.
● __________
You may have read that you needn’t get vaccinated (疫苗) if you live in a place where most people have had the disease or the vaccine, allowing you to make use of herd immunity (群体免疫). “But effective herd immunity requires that more than 90 percent of the population be vaccinated against a disease,” says Tish Davidson, a medical writer and author.
29．Which of the following is TRUE about “superspreaders” according to the text?
A．They have many signs of the illness.
B．They may infect a lot of people.
C．They prevent spreading the viruses.
D．They realize they are spreading viruses.
30．The following ways are helpful to prevent viruses except ___________.
A．washing hands for enough time
B．doing exercise regularly
C．avoiding using air dryers in public restrooms
D．training for a long marathon without professional guidance
31．A man can have herd immunity against a disease when ___________.
A．lots of people in his place have the vaccine
B．over 9/10 of the people in his place are vaccinated
C．people in his place are fighting against the disease
D．most people in his place are infected by the disease.
32．Which of the following is the correct order of subheadings (小标题) ?
①Hand washing is protective ②Regular exercise is helpful
③Herd immunity is hard to achieve ④Being infected without signs is possible
A．②—①—④—③ B．①—④—③—② C．④—①—②—③ D．④—②—③—①
33．What is the text mainly about?
A．Some virus facts that we should know.
B．Some news about COVID-19 and other viruses.
C．Some facts about how to fight against COVID-19.
D．Some facts that cause COVID-19 and other viruses.
（2022·湖北·广水市教学研究室一模）Here are some superheroes in the fight against COVID－19（新冠肺炎）. Let’s come close to them and remember them.
Zhong NanshanHe is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. Dr. Zhong Nanshan was the first to tell the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person. He is a good doctor in the countrymen’s eyes and respected by all Chinese people.
Li LanjuanWhen COVID－19 broke out, she suggested that Wuhan should be locked down immediately to prevent the spread of the disease. She headed for Wuhan and took an active part in the battle. Now, she still receives patients every day.
Wang YongAs a delivery（快递）driver, he volunteered to support the medical staff in Wuhan during the epidemic（流行病）. He tried his best to keep life going for the doctors and nurses. People’s Daily has praised him, presenting the courage and hard work of common people.
Li WenliangHe is the first doctor to warn people how dangerous the virus could be at the end of last December, so people call him the “whistle-blower（吹哨人）”.Because of COVID-19, he lost his life on February 7th, 2020. People across the country were sad to hear about his death.
34． When did Li Wenliang warn people the danger of the virus?
A．At the end of last December. B．At the beginning of 2019.
C．On January 25th, 2020. D．On February 7th, 2020.
35．What did Wang Yong do during the epidemic?
A．He drew a picture for People’s Daily.
B．He was busy with his own business.
C．He wrote an article to People’s Daily.
D．He volunteered to support the doctors and nurses to keep their life going.
36．Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Wang Yong is a delivery driver.
B．Li Wenliang died on February 7th, 2020.
C．People’s Daily has spoken highly of Li Lanjuan to present the courage of Chinese people
D．Zhong Lanshan told the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person.
（2022·河南·内乡县基础教育教学研究室三模）As COVID-19 spreads in the world, many countries are changing their social habits to protect themselves.
France
France is famous for its romantic greetings. They touch each other’s faces and make a kissing sound. But now, this habit may have to stop. A French manner expert said that simply looking into a person’s eyes could be enough as a greeting.
Brazil
In Brazil, chimarrao is a special drink that is commonly shared among a group of close friends. The tea is passed around in a cup, and everyone takes turns to drink it. But at present, people are encouraged not to share it.
Australia
Australians are quite free when it comes to greetings. “G’day, mate”, a handshake, and smile will be enough. But now the Australian government is asking Australians to take a pat (轻拍) on the back instead of a handshake.
Iran
Traditionally, people in Iran shake hands to greet with one another. But today, COVID-19 has made “footshake” a new way of greeting. A video has been popular in Iran, showing three friends meeting — hands in their pockets — tapping their feet against each other as a greeting.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
37．This passage mainly introduces four new ________.
A．foreign countries B．social habits C．special drinks D．local languages
38．If you meet your friend Jenny in France this year, you’d better ________ as a greeting.
A．look into her eyes B．share a drink C．pat her back D．touch her face
39．“Chimarrao” can be shared by ________ in Brazil before.
A．teachers and students B．close friends
C．drivers and passengers D．waiters and customers
40．From the passage, we learn that “footshake” has been a new way of greeting in ________.
A．France B．Brazil C．Australia D．Iran
41．We can most likely read this passage from a ________.
A．novel B．newspaper C．poster D．noticeboard (告示板)
（2022·山东·单县教学研究室二模）In the fight against COVID-19, many national heroes have become well-known to the public. On August 11, 2020, Chinese President Xi Jinping commended（表彰）four of them for their outstanding contribution（杰出的贡献）.
Zhong Nanshan was given the Medal of the Republic（共和国勋章）. He has been leading the Chinese government’s efforts in the fight against COVID-19. The old expert got a result that COVID-19 could be spread between humans.
“The People’s Hero”was given to three others. They are Zhang Boli, Zhang Dingyu and Chen Wei.
Zhang Boli is a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） expert. He has been in charge of（负责） the research of COVID-19 treatments（治疗）connecting TCM with Western medicine.
Zhang Dingyu was the head of Wuhan’s Jinyintan Hospital in 2020. He got an illness in 2018. However, he chose to stay with his partners in Wuhan to save lives.
Chen Wei is a professor. She has made great achievements in the research on COVID-19. She is also one of the key leaders in China’s Ebola vaccine（埃博拉疫苗）research.
The purpose of giving the nation’s top honors to these people was to show the great courage and the spirit of working together of the Chinese people.
42．How many people was given “The People’s Hero” by Chinese President Xi Jinping?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
43．Who got an illness in 2018 according to the passage?
A．Zhang Dingyu. B．Zhang Boli. C．Zhong Nanshan.
44．What was the purpose of giving the nation’s top honors to these people?
A．To make them become well-known to the public.
B．To encourage more people to be doctors.
C．To show the great courage and the spirit of working together of the Chinese people.
参考答案：
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．B
5．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎肺炎让刘敏一家人经历了一种不同的工作和学习方式，同时也介绍了在家办公和学习给他们也带来了一些好处。
1．
细节理解题。根据“Her husband turns on his computer in the study (书房), reading his e-mails and making a list of today’s work. ”可知，C选项“做早操”是在客厅进行的，不在书房。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据“On the other hand, they save more time and money without traveling to work. ”可知，他们不用去上班就能节省更多的时间和金钱。故选B。
3．
词句猜测题。根据“Because of COVID-19, many people are now working and studying at home like them, and they are called telecommuters (居家办公者). ”可知，由于新冠肺炎，许多人现在像刘敏一家人一样在家工作和学习，他们被称为远程工作者。文中划线them指代“刘敏一家人”。故选A。
4．
细节理解题。根据“Before Liu Min begins to give lessons online, she makes sure her students, including her daughter, are all there.”可知，刘敏是她女儿的老师。故选B。
5．
最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎让刘敏一家人经历了一种不同的工作和学习方式，即居家办公和学习。C选项“Working and Studying at Home”符合题意。故选C。
6．C
7．B
8．B
9．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍在新冠肺炎期间我们生活中的英雄。
6．
细节理解题。根据“One of them is Dong Jie, a doctor.”可知，董杰是一名医生，故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据“There were three special barbers with masks （口罩） in Hefei. They have helped hundreds of people cut hair since February 15th.”可知，合肥有三个戴面具的特殊理发师，自2月15日以来，他们已经帮助数百人理发。此处they指的是three special barbers，故选B。
8．
推理判断题。根据“They tried their best to call on everyone to raise money for Wuhan. Many teenagers gave away their pocket money and lucky money.”可知，他们尽最大努力号召大家为武汉筹集资金，许多青少年把他们的零用钱和压岁钱捐了出来。故选B。
9．
最佳标题题。本文向我们介绍在新冠肺炎期间我们生活中的英雄。选项B“抗击新冠肺炎的英雄”符合主题，故选B。
10．C
11．C
12．D
13．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍疫苗及其作用。
10．
细节理解题。根据“However, some viruses, for example, the coronavirus, are sneaky. They are difficult to recognize and find. These viruses can cause deadly diseases, like COVID-19.”可知，COVID-19可以导致致命的疾病，故选C。
11．
段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要告诉我们疫苗可以使我们预防病毒，故选C。
12．
细节理解题。根据“The live-attenuated vaccine is considered the most effective”可知，减毒活疫苗被认为是最有效的，故选D。
13．
推理判断题。根据“They only stimulate and activate our immune system to work, telling it something harmful is coming in.”可知，疫苗只是刺激和激活我们的免疫系统，告诉它有害的东西来了。所以二者是促进关系，选项B“免疫系统使用疫苗会更有效”与之相符，故选B。
14．C
15．A
16．D
17．D
18．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍各国在新冠疫情期间的各种各样的打招呼方式。
14．
细节理解题。根据“As COVID-19 spreads in the world, many countries are changing their social habits in order to protect themselves.”可知由于新冠疫情在全球肆虐，为了保护自己的安全，许多国家正在改变他们的社交习惯。故选C。
15．
主旨大意题。根据“As COVID-19 spreads in the world, many countries are changing their social habits in order to protect themselves.”可知文章介绍各国在新冠疫情期间改变的四种社交习惯。故选A。
16．
推理判断题。根据“A French manner expert said that simply looking into a person’s eyes can be enough as a greeting”可知一位法国的礼仪专家说打招呼，只是看着对方的眼睛就足够了。说明今年如果你在法国遇见一位朋友，你最好看着对方的眼睛作为打招呼的方式。故选D。
17．
细节理解题。根据小标题“Iran”和“But today, COVID-19 has made “footshake” a new way of greeting.”可知在伊朗，新冠疫情使“碰脚”成为一种新的打招呼方式。故选D。
18．
推理判断题。文章介绍各国在新冠疫情期间的各种各样的打招呼方式。因此这是一篇社会科学文章。故选B。
19．A
20．C
21．A
22．B
23．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了由于新型冠状病毒的出现，人们为了保持社交距离，各国在社交礼仪方面发生了很大的转变。
19．
细节理解题。根据第一段中”With the outbreak of COVID-19 people are encouraged and even forced to practice social distancing from each other in public. From the ancient Chinese fist-in-palm bow(拱手礼) to the new elbow touch used by western politicians, the ways of greeting have changed greatly.“以及第四段中“As social distancing remains due to COVID-19, many cultures around the world are taking their new greetings to adapt to the new situation.”由于2019冠状病毒疾病的存在，导致了人与人之间打招呼的方式发生了很大的变化，故选A。
20．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Chuan-Kang Shih, a cultural professor at the University of Florida, said, People want to cheer themselves up by not touching physically, so they invented this.”可知是为了彼此激励，故选C。
21．
推理判断题。根据第五段中“He said, “We must change customs and traditions which are harmful at this special time, since the most important thing in the world is the people.”可知在这个特殊的时间段，人是比传统和习俗更重要的，故选A。
22．
词义猜测题。根据第六段中“However, considering the tough situation, we had to stop ourselves.”可知这里指的是新型冠状病毒所出现的艰难的时期，hard艰难的，故选B。
23．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本篇文章通过讲解了几个国家的社交礼仪方面的变化，来鼓励在公共场合彼此保持社交距离，从而减缓新型冠状病毒的传播及感染。故选D。
24．D
25．D
26．D
27．B
28．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了四个欧洲国家对未接种新冠疫苗人员的限行政策，以及违反规定的处罚措施。
24．
细节理解题。根据文中“The country plans to make COVID-19 vaccinations mandatory (强制的) for all people aged 60 and over. Those who have not gotten their first shot (第一针) by Jan 16, 2022 will face a monthly fine of 100 euros(about 718 yuan).”可知，2022年1月16日起，未接种疫苗和60岁以上的人将在希腊被罚款。故选D。
25．
细节理解题。根据文中“Italy. Unvaccinated people are banned from dining indoors in restaurants and bars as well as from attending shows, sports events and public ceremonies. The rule came into effect on Dec. 6 and will last until Jan. 15.”可知，意大利未接种疫苗的人们有时间限制。故选D。
26．
细节理解题。根据文中“Austria. In Austria, unvaccinated people aged 12 and older have been under a lock-down since Nov 15. They can only leave home for work, medical reasons or to get something of daily use.”可知，如果22岁的奥地利人没有接种疫苗，他/她可以出于医疗目的离开家。故选D。
27．
词句猜测题。根据下文“The country plans to make COVID-19 vaccinations mandatory (强制的) for all people aged 60 and over. Those who have not gotten their first shot (第一针) by Jan 16, 2022 will face a monthly fine of 100 euros(about 718 yuan).”可知，上文是希腊将是欧盟中第一个对未接种疫苗的人进行罚款的国家。划线单词amerce的意思是“罚款”，故选B。
28．
主旨大意题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了欧洲国家对未接种疫苗的人群采取的措施。选项C符合题意，故选C。
29．B
30．D
31．B
32．C
33．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了一些有关病毒的事实，以及我们应该如何防止病毒感染。
29．
细节理解题。根据“Some of them may even be ‘superspreaders’, infecting dozens to hundreds of other people without even realizing it.”可知，超级传播者可能会传染很多人。故选B。
30．
细节理解题。根据“Wash your hands ... Make sure to wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds and dry your hands on a clean towel.”，“In public restrooms, avoid air dryers, which blow contaminants (污染物) all over the place.”以及“Do regular exercise.”可知，文中提到的有用的防护病毒的方法有：洗手、做运动和避免在公共厕所使用烘干机，没有提到D项“没有专业指导的情况下进行马拉松长跑训练”。故选D。
31．
细节理解题。根据“But effective herd immunity requires that more than 90 percent of the population be vaccinated against a disease”可知，如果超过90%的人口接种了疫苗，就可以对某种疾病产生群体免疫。故选B。
32．
段落大意题。根据“Some viruses, ... (they never had signs of the illness) and presymptomatic people (they don’t have signs yet)”可知，本段介绍了有些病毒，即使人们感染了却没有迹象。因此判断标题为④“没有迹象就被感染是可能的”；根据“Wash your hands. This is a piece of advice given by...”可知，本段是关于洗手可以防护病毒，标题应用①“勤洗手有保护作用”；根据“Do regular exercise. Regular exercise, which...”可知，本文主要是讲有规律的运动，标题应用②“有规律的锻炼是有益的”；根据“... allowing you to make use of herd immunity (群体免疫)”可知，最后一段与群体免疫相关，③“群体免疫很难实现”符合语境。综上，正确的顺序为④①②③。故选C。
33．
主旨大意题。根据“Fortunately, just as we know a lot about how viruses harm us, so do we know how to prevent them. These facts are a good place to start.”和全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些我们应该知道的与病毒有关的事实。故选A。
34．A
35．D
36．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了一些抗击新冠肺炎的超级英雄。
34．
细节理解题。根据“He is the first doctor to warn people how dangerous the virus could be at the end of last December, so people call him the “whistle-blower”.”可知，在去年12月底，李文亮警告人们这种病毒可能有危险；故选A。
35．
细节理解题。根据“He tried his best to keep life going for the doctors and nurses.”可知，他竭尽全力维持医生和护士的生活；故选D。
36．
细节理解题。根据“People’s Daily has praised him, presenting the courage and hard work of common people.”可知，《人民日报》赞扬了王勇，他展示了普通人的勇气和努力；不是赞扬李文亮；故选C。
37．B
38．A
39．B
40．D
41．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个国家传统的问候习俗以及随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界范围内的传播，各国都改变了问候习俗。
37．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个国家传统的问候习俗以及随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界范围内的传播，各国都改变了问候习俗。故选B。
38．
细节理解题。根据原文“A French manner expert said that simply looking into a person’s eyes could be enough as a greeting”可知，现在打招呼仅仅看着一个人的眼睛就足够了。故选A。
39．
细节理解题。根据原文“In Brazil, chimarrao is a special drink that is commonly shared among a group of close friends”可知，在巴西，分享马黛茶是在亲密朋友之间进行的。故选B。
40．
细节理解题。根据原文“But today, COVID-19 has made “footshake” a new way of greeting”可知，因为新冠疫情，伊朗开始采用“碰脚”的新型问候方式。故选D。
41．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了四个国家传统的问候习俗以及随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界范围内的传播，各国都改变了问候习俗。可推断文章出自一篇新闻，故来源于报纸，故选B。
42．B
43．A
44．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了在与新冠肺炎的战斗中，涌现出了许多民族英雄，其中四位杰出的贡献者受到了国家主席的表彰。
42．
细节理解题。根据“The People’s Hero was given to three others.”可知，“人民英雄”的称号送给另外三个人。故选B。
43．
细节理解题。根据“Zhang Dingyu was the head of Wuhan’s Jinyintan Hospital in 2020. He got an illness in 2018.”可知，张定于在2018年生病了。故选A。
44．
细节理解题。根据“The purpose of giving the nation’s top honors to these people was to show the great courage and the spirit of working together of the Chinese people.”可知，把国家最高荣誉给这些人的目的是展现了中国人民的伟大勇气和同舟共济的精神。故选C。
备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练
(中考真题+名校最新模拟真题)
专题02 新型冠状病毒
（2022·湖南湘潭·中考真题）Liu Min is an English teacher. These days, her family are experiencing a different life of working and studying. They get up and do morning exercises at 6:30 in the living room. After breakfast, they start their work and study. Her husband turns on his computer in the study (书房), reading his e-mails and making a list of today’s work. Before Liu Min begins to give lessons online, she makes sure her students, including her daughter, are all there.
Because of COVID-19, many people are now working and studying at home like them, and they are called telecommuters (居家办公者). When they are working at home, they can follow their own plans and get connected with the workplaces through the Internet.
Working at home brings them something good. There is more time than before to communicate with their family members. While working at home, they can look after their children, too. On the other hand, they save more time and money without traveling to work. It also helps produce less pollution and fewer traffic problems. However, the family still hope they can come back to their normal life.
Thanks to the Chinese government, things are getting better now. As a manager, the husband can talk with his workers face to face. Liu Min and her daughter can return to school.
1．Liu Min’s husband does these things in the study except ________.
A．reading his e-mails B．making a list of today’s work C．doing morning exercises
2．From the text, which of the following is one of the advantages of working at home?
A．They can have big meals with family.
B．They can save more time and money.
C．They can look after their old parents.
3．In paragraph (段落) 2, what does the underlined word “them” refer to (指代)?
A．Liu Min’s family. B．Liu Min’s children. C．Liu Min’s students.
4．According to the text, we can know that ________.
A．Liu Min is a Chinese teacher
B．Liu Min is her daughter’s teacher
C．Liu Min’s family don’t need to work
5．What can be the best title (标题) of the text?
A．Different Workplaces B．Liu Min’s Teaching Online C．Working and Studying at Home
（2021·广西贺州·中考真题）The winter of 2019 seemed longer and colder than that in any other year because of COVID-19（新冠肺炎）. By Thursday, March 5th, 2020, over 30,000 medical workers have gone to Wuhan. They were fighting in a special “war”. Not only the patients but also the doctors and nurses faced the risk of life.
One of them is Dong Jie, a doctor. He did a good job during the 2003 SARS, so he went to this new war. He said he could share his experience in SARS with the doctors and give them confidence. He often showed the medical workers how to wear special clothes properly and better protect themselves. He also taught them how to treat patients.
In order to prevent the illness from spreading, all the public services must be closed. There were three special barbers with masks （口罩） in Hefei. They have helped hundreds of people cut hair since February 15th. They were busy visiting different places in the city as well as the countryside and offering free service from 2 p.m. till evening every day.
Zheng Wenyu and Ye Qiangiu are students. They tried their best to call on everyone to raise money for Wuhan. Many teenagers gave away their pocket money and lucky money. They raised about 120,000 yuan after two days. They used it to buy 60 tons of vegetables from local farmers and sent them to Wuhan.
All the Internet people called them heroes and they set a good example.
根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。
6．What is Dong Jie’s job?
A．He is a student. B．He is a teacher. C．He is a doctor. D．He is a barber.
7．What does the underlined word “They” in the third paragraph refer to?
A．The doctors. B．The volunteer barbers. C．The students. D．The patients.
8．What can we know from the fourth paragraph?
A．Zheng Wenyu and Ye Qianqiu are two teachers.
B．Many teenagers gave away their money to Wuhan.
C．Zheng Wenyu and Ye Qianqiu gave away about 12,000 yuan.
D．The local farmers bought 60 tons of vegetables and sent them to Wuhan.
9．What is the best title of the passage?
A．How to fight against COVID-19. B．The heroes in fighting against COVID-19.
C．How to be a good doctor. D．How to raise money for Wuhan.
（2021·浙江温州·中考真题）
Most viruses can be found and killed by our immune system as soon as they enter our bodies. However, some viruses, for example, the coronavirus, are sneaky. They are difficult to recognize and find. These viruses can cause deadly diseases, like COVID-19. Human-to-human transmission can easily occur, and pandemic will therefore break out. Vaccination is by now a simple, safe and effective way to protect us from the diseases.
▲ Vaccines are something that “looks” exactly the same as the viruses, mainly made from the viruses that are weakened or killed. They will not make us really ill. They only stimulate and activate our immune system to work, telling it something harmful is coming in. The immune system will know what the “viruses” look like, and send B cells (lymphocytes) or antibodies to find and kill them. Meanwhile B cells will remember them for the next kill. A vaccine may also give us passive immunity by providing B cells taken from an animal or a human to play the same role.
Scientists have developed more than 180 vaccines to fight against COVID-19. The technical approaches of these vaccines can be a little different, but their aims are the same.
Take the inactivated vaccine as an example. In an inactivated vaccine, the coronaviruses are already killed or made into the ones unable to produce more new viruses. When the immune system “sees” them, it will try to kill them. The question is: without enough these viruses how can B cells remember them? That’s why we need to take the vaccine more than one time. Though this vaccine is safe, it might not be as effective as it is expected to be.
The live-attenuated vaccine is different. In this vaccine, the viruses are weakened, but they are alive. They can produce enough new viruses to train the immune system to kill and remember them, so people only need to take the vaccine once. The live-attenuated vaccine is considered the most effective, but there is a worry: what might happen once these viruses wake up?
Therefore, although vaccination is by now one of the best ways to protect us from COVID-19, it can be better.
10．The coronavirus can ________.
A．not be killed B．not be found C．cause deaths D．stop pandemic
11．Which of the following can be the best topic sentence of Paragraph 2?
A．Vaccination can provide us with B cells. B．Vaccines are made from different viruses.
C．Vaccination can prepare us against viruses. D．Vaccines won’t make us ill as the viruses do.
12．Compared to the inactivated vaccine the live-attenuated vaccine ________.
A．needs taking more than once B．is equally safe
C．contains viruses that are killed D．is more effective
13．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Vaccination is good enough to treat COVID-19.
B．The immune system can be more effective with vaccines.
C．The viruses in inactivated vaccines can make new viruses.
D．180 vaccines have been developed to fight against diseases.
（2022·云南·峨山彝族自治县教育科学研究所三模）As COVID-19 spreads in the world, many countries are changing their social habits in order to protect themselves.
France
France is famous for its romantic greetings. They touch each other’s faces and make a kissing sound. But now, this habit may have to stop. A French manner expert said that simply looking into a person’s eyes can be enough as a greeting.
Brazil
In Brazil, chimarrao is a special drink that is commonly shared among a group of close friends. The tea is passed around in a cup, and everyone takes turns to drink it. But at present, people are encouraged not to share it.
Australia
Australians are quite free when it comes to greetings. “G’day（你好）, mate”, a handshake, and smile will be enough. But now the Australian government is asking Australians to take a pat on the back instead of a handshake.
Iran
Traditionally, people in Iran shake hands to greet with one another. But today, COVID-19 has made “footshake” a new way of greeting. A video has been popular in Iran, showing three friends meeting-hands in their pockets-tapping their feet against each other as a greeting.
14．The purpose of changing social habits is to ________.
A．change the eating habits B．ask people to stay at home
C．protect themselves D．change the way of greeting
15．This passage mainly introduces four new ________.
A．social habits B．special drinks C．local languages D．foreign countries
16．If you meet your friend Jenny in France this year, you’d better ________ as a greeting.
A．touch her face B．pat her back C．share a drink D．look into her eyes
17．From the passage, we learn that “footshake” has been a new way of greeting in ________.
A．France B．Brazil C．Australia D．Iran
18．The passage may be ________.
A．a story B．a science article C．a notice D．a novel
（2022·四川绵阳·二模）With the outbreak of COVID-19 people are encouraged and even forced to practice social distancing from each other in public. From the ancient Chinese fist-in-palm bow(拱手礼) to the new elbow touch used by western politicians, the ways of greeting have changed greatly.
Perhaps the most famous greeting in China is the Wuhan shake. The “shake”, including both sides hitting lightly on the shoes with each other, started in March after the videos of the new greeting went hot. Since it first appeared, some famous politicians have publicly performed the Wuhan shake, inspiring a guess that it might become the world’s new greeting.
“Wuhan shake is a fun way to show people’s close relationship in such a difficult time. Chuan-Kang Shih, a cultural professor at the University of Florida, said, People want to cheer themselves up by not touching physically, so they invented this.”
China is not alone. As social distancing remains due to COVID-19, many cultures around the world are taking their new greetings to adapt to the new situation.
Across New Zealand, local Maori groups warned their members to avoid greeting each other with traditional hongi (two people touch their noses and foreheads together). New Zealand’s prime minister, Jacinda Ardern, strongly advised all people to stop handshakes, hugs and hongi. He said, “We must change customs and traditions which are harmful at this special time, since the most important thing in the world is the people.”
In France, the traditional cheek kiss is very important to greeting with friends, workmates and even national leaders. Although the situation got improved, Manon Fily went to see some old high school friends after two months staying away in her home. “We had the strong wish to do the cheek kiss when greeting,” said Fily. However, considering the tough situation, we had to stop ourselves.”
19．What caused the way of greeting to change globally?
A．COVID-19. B．People’s choice.
C．The harmful traditions. D．Famous people’s performance.
20．Why do people practise the Wuhan shake according to Chuan-Kang Shih?
A．To catch the fashion. B．To follow the leaders.
C．To cheer up each other. D．To show their personality.
21．What does Jacinda Ardern suggest in Paragraph 5?
A．People are more important than traditions.
B．People should give up practicing hongi forever.
C．Local people are more important than politicians.”
D．Local people must change the traditions and customs.
22．What does the underlined word tough in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．cool B．hard C．crazy D．Cold
23．What’s in common about the changed greetings in the passage?
A．They all follow the government’s order. B．They all become popular since the start.
C．They all get support from the politicians. D．They all encourage social distancing from others.
（2022·福建南平·模拟预测）The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world. The newly found COVID-19 variant(变种), Omicron, is causing new concerns. Since vaccinations(接种疫苗)are still an important tool to help build protection, more countries in Europe are aiming at the unvaccinated.
Greece. It will be the first country in the European Union to amerce unvaccinated people. The country plans to make COVID-19 vaccinations mandatory(强制的)for all people aged 60 and over. Those who have not gotten their first shot(第一针)by Jan 16, 2022 will face a monthly fine of 100 euros(about 718 yuan). The money goes to support hospital services. Since November, the unvaccinated have been banned from going to many indoor places such as museums, theaters and gyms.
Germany. On Dec 2, Germany carried out a nationwide lock-down for the unvaccinated. Unvaccinated people will be banned from going to all but the most necessary businesses, such as supermarkets and drugstores. Unvaccinated people can only meet up with two people from another household, CNN reported.
Austria. In Austria, unvaccinated people aged 12 and older have been under a lock-down since Nov 15. They can only leave home for work, medical reasons or to get something of daily use. If anyone goes against the rule, he or she will be fined up to 500 euros.
Italy. Unvaccinated people are banned from dining indoors in restaurants and bars as well as from attending shows, sports events and public ceremonies. The rule came into effect on Dec. 6 and will last until Jan. 15. But those who have a negative COVID-19 test result will be allowed to go to work.
24．Who will be fined in Greece Starting from Jan. 16, 2022?
A．People who break the rule of lock-down. B．People who haven’t gotten a second shot.
C．People who refuse to see a doctor. D．People who are unvaccinated and older than 60.
25．Which country has a time limit for the restrictions(限制规定)?
A．Greece. B．Germany. C．Austria. D．Italy.
26．If a 22-year-old Austrian hasn’t gotten vaccinated, he/she .
A．won’t be able to go to work B．will be fined up to 500 euros
C．will be forced to get vaccinated D．can leave home for medical purposes.
27．What does underline word “amerce” mean in Paragraph2?
A．奖励 B．罚款 C．批评 D．问候
28．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．Omicron is causing new concerns.
B．Vaccinations are still an important tool to help build protection.
C．How the European countries target the unvaccinated.
D．How to keep away from COVID-19.
（2022·福建宁德·二模）We are surrounded by the news about COVID-19 and other viruses (病毒), but how much do you really know about them? Viruses that infect (感染) humans nearly always cause illness. Fortunately, just as we know a lot about how viruses harm us, so do we know how to prevent them. These facts are a good place to start.
● __________
Some viruses, including those that cause herpes, COVID-19, and AIDS, can be spread through asymptomatic people (they never had signs of the illness) and presymptomatic people (they don’t have signs yet), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Some of them may even be “superspreaders”, infecting dozens to hundreds of other people without even realizing it. Take action to prevent spreading viruses even when you don’t feel sick.
● __________
Wash your hands. This is a piece of advice given by World Health Organization (WHO). Make sure to wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds and dry your hands on a clean towel. In public restrooms, avoid air dryers, which blow contaminants (污染物) all over the place.
● __________
Do regular exercise. Regular exercise, which can include taking quick walks, has been shown to improve your immune system, thus reducing your possibilities of developing a cold or the flu. But don’t overdo it. If you haven’t received professional (专业的) training before and you’re training for a long marathon, that can have the opposite effect and hurt your immune system.
● __________
You may have read that you needn’t get vaccinated (疫苗) if you live in a place where most people have had the disease or the vaccine, allowing you to make use of herd immunity (群体免疫). “But effective herd immunity requires that more than 90 percent of the population be vaccinated against a disease,” says Tish Davidson, a medical writer and author.
29．Which of the following is TRUE about “superspreaders” according to the text?
A．They have many signs of the illness.
B．They may infect a lot of people.
C．They prevent spreading the viruses.
D．They realize they are spreading viruses.
30．The following ways are helpful to prevent viruses except ___________.
A．washing hands for enough time
B．doing exercise regularly
C．avoiding using air dryers in public restrooms
D．training for a long marathon without professional guidance
31．A man can have herd immunity against a disease when ___________.
A．lots of people in his place have the vaccine
B．over 9/10 of the people in his place are vaccinated
C．people in his place are fighting against the disease
D．most people in his place are infected by the disease.
32．Which of the following is the correct order of subheadings (小标题) ?
①Hand washing is protective ②Regular exercise is helpful
③Herd immunity is hard to achieve ④Being infected without signs is possible
A．②—①—④—③ B．①—④—③—② C．④—①—②—③ D．④—②—③—①
33．What is the text mainly about?
A．Some virus facts that we should know.
B．Some news about COVID-19 and other viruses.
C．Some facts about how to fight against COVID-19.
D．Some facts that cause COVID-19 and other viruses.
（2022·湖北·广水市教学研究室一模）Here are some superheroes in the fight against COVID－19（新冠肺炎）. Let’s come close to them and remember them.
Zhong NanshanHe is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. Dr. Zhong Nanshan was the first to tell the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person. He is a good doctor in the countrymen’s eyes and respected by all Chinese people.
Li LanjuanWhen COVID－19 broke out, she suggested that Wuhan should be locked down immediately to prevent the spread of the disease. She headed for Wuhan and took an active part in the battle. Now, she still receives patients every day.
Wang YongAs a delivery（快递）driver, he volunteered to support the medical staff in Wuhan during the epidemic（流行病）. He tried his best to keep life going for the doctors and nurses. People’s Daily has praised him, presenting the courage and hard work of common people.
Li WenliangHe is the first doctor to warn people how dangerous the virus could be at the end of last December, so people call him the “whistle-blower（吹哨人）”.Because of COVID-19, he lost his life on February 7th, 2020. People across the country were sad to hear about his death.
34． When did Li Wenliang warn people the danger of the virus?
A．At the end of last December. B．At the beginning of 2019.
C．On January 25th, 2020. D．On February 7th, 2020.
35．What did Wang Yong do during the epidemic?
A．He drew a picture for People’s Daily.
B．He was busy with his own business.
C．He wrote an article to People’s Daily.
D．He volunteered to support the doctors and nurses to keep their life going.
36．Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Wang Yong is a delivery driver.
B．Li Wenliang died on February 7th, 2020.
C．People’s Daily has spoken highly of Li Lanjuan to present the courage of Chinese people
D．Zhong Lanshan told the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person.
（2022·河南·内乡县基础教育教学研究室三模）As COVID-19 spreads in the world, many countries are changing their social habits to protect themselves.
France
France is famous for its romantic greetings. They touch each other’s faces and make a kissing sound. But now, this habit may have to stop. A French manner expert said that simply looking into a person’s eyes could be enough as a greeting.
Brazil
In Brazil, chimarrao is a special drink that is commonly shared among a group of close friends. The tea is passed around in a cup, and everyone takes turns to drink it. But at present, people are encouraged not to share it.
Australia
Australians are quite free when it comes to greetings. “G’day, mate”, a handshake, and smile will be enough. But now the Australian government is asking Australians to take a pat (轻拍) on the back instead of a handshake.
Iran
Traditionally, people in Iran shake hands to greet with one another. But today, COVID-19 has made “footshake” a new way of greeting. A video has been popular in Iran, showing three friends meeting — hands in their pockets — tapping their feet against each other as a greeting.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
37．This passage mainly introduces four new ________.
A．foreign countries B．social habits C．special drinks D．local languages
38．If you meet your friend Jenny in France this year, you’d better ________ as a greeting.
A．look into her eyes B．share a drink C．pat her back D．touch her face
39．“Chimarrao” can be shared by ________ in Brazil before.
A．teachers and students B．close friends
C．drivers and passengers D．waiters and customers
40．From the passage, we learn that “footshake” has been a new way of greeting in ________.
A．France B．Brazil C．Australia D．Iran
41．We can most likely read this passage from a ________.
A．novel B．newspaper C．poster D．noticeboard (告示板)
（2022·山东·单县教学研究室二模）In the fight against COVID-19, many national heroes have become well-known to the public. On August 11, 2020, Chinese President Xi Jinping commended（表彰）four of them for their outstanding contribution（杰出的贡献）.
Zhong Nanshan was given the Medal of the Republic（共和国勋章）. He has been leading the Chinese government’s efforts in the fight against COVID-19. The old expert got a result that COVID-19 could be spread between humans.
“The People’s Hero”was given to three others. They are Zhang Boli, Zhang Dingyu and Chen Wei.
Zhang Boli is a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） expert. He has been in charge of（负责） the research of COVID-19 treatments（治疗）connecting TCM with Western medicine.
Zhang Dingyu was the head of Wuhan’s Jinyintan Hospital in 2020. He got an illness in 2018. However, he chose to stay with his partners in Wuhan to save lives.
Chen Wei is a professor. She has made great achievements in the research on COVID-19. She is also one of the key leaders in China’s Ebola vaccine（埃博拉疫苗）research.
The purpose of giving the nation’s top honors to these people was to show the great courage and the spirit of working together of the Chinese people.
42．How many people was given “The People’s Hero” by Chinese President Xi Jinping?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
43．Who got an illness in 2018 according to the passage?
A．Zhang Dingyu. B．Zhang Boli. C．Zhong Nanshan.
44．What was the purpose of giving the nation’s top honors to these people?
A．To make them become well-known to the public.
B．To encourage more people to be doctors.
C．To show the great courage and the spirit of working together of the Chinese people.
参考答案：
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．B
5．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎肺炎让刘敏一家人经历了一种不同的工作和学习方式，同时也介绍了在家办公和学习给他们也带来了一些好处。
1．
细节理解题。根据“Her husband turns on his computer in the study (书房), reading his e-mails and making a list of today’s work. ”可知，C选项“做早操”是在客厅进行的，不在书房。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据“On the other hand, they save more time and money without traveling to work. ”可知，他们不用去上班就能节省更多的时间和金钱。故选B。
3．
词句猜测题。根据“Because of COVID-19, many people are now working and studying at home like them, and they are called telecommuters (居家办公者). ”可知，由于新冠肺炎，许多人现在像刘敏一家人一样在家工作和学习，他们被称为远程工作者。文中划线them指代“刘敏一家人”。故选A。
4．
细节理解题。根据“Before Liu Min begins to give lessons online, she makes sure her students, including her daughter, are all there.”可知，刘敏是她女儿的老师。故选B。
5．
最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎让刘敏一家人经历了一种不同的工作和学习方式，即居家办公和学习。C选项“Working and Studying at Home”符合题意。故选C。
6．C
7．B
8．B
9．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍在新冠肺炎期间我们生活中的英雄。
6．
细节理解题。根据“One of them is Dong Jie, a doctor.”可知，董杰是一名医生，故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据“There were three special barbers with masks （口罩） in Hefei. They have helped hundreds of people cut hair since February 15th.”可知，合肥有三个戴面具的特殊理发师，自2月15日以来，他们已经帮助数百人理发。此处they指的是three special barbers，故选B。
8．
推理判断题。根据“They tried their best to call on everyone to raise money for Wuhan. Many teenagers gave away their pocket money and lucky money.”可知，他们尽最大努力号召大家为武汉筹集资金，许多青少年把他们的零用钱和压岁钱捐了出来。故选B。
9．
最佳标题题。本文向我们介绍在新冠肺炎期间我们生活中的英雄。选项B“抗击新冠肺炎的英雄”符合主题，故选B。
10．C
11．C
12．D
13．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍疫苗及其作用。
10．
细节理解题。根据“However, some viruses, for example, the coronavirus, are sneaky. They are difficult to recognize and find. These viruses can cause deadly diseases, like COVID-19.”可知，COVID-19可以导致致命的疾病，故选C。
11．
段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要告诉我们疫苗可以使我们预防病毒，故选C。
12．
细节理解题。根据“The live-attenuated vaccine is considered the most effective”可知，减毒活疫苗被认为是最有效的，故选D。
13．
推理判断题。根据“They only stimulate and activate our immune system to work, telling it something harmful is coming in.”可知，疫苗只是刺激和激活我们的免疫系统，告诉它有害的东西来了。所以二者是促进关系，选项B“免疫系统使用疫苗会更有效”与之相符，故选B。
14．C
15．A
16．D
17．D
18．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍各国在新冠疫情期间的各种各样的打招呼方式。
14．
细节理解题。根据“As COVID-19 spreads in the world, many countries are changing their social habits in order to protect themselves.”可知由于新冠疫情在全球肆虐，为了保护自己的安全，许多国家正在改变他们的社交习惯。故选C。
15．
主旨大意题。根据“As COVID-19 spreads in the world, many countries are changing their social habits in order to protect themselves.”可知文章介绍各国在新冠疫情期间改变的四种社交习惯。故选A。
16．
推理判断题。根据“A French manner expert said that simply looking into a person’s eyes can be enough as a greeting”可知一位法国的礼仪专家说打招呼，只是看着对方的眼睛就足够了。说明今年如果你在法国遇见一位朋友，你最好看着对方的眼睛作为打招呼的方式。故选D。
17．
细节理解题。根据小标题“Iran”和“But today, COVID-19 has made “footshake” a new way of greeting.”可知在伊朗，新冠疫情使“碰脚”成为一种新的打招呼方式。故选D。
18．
推理判断题。文章介绍各国在新冠疫情期间的各种各样的打招呼方式。因此这是一篇社会科学文章。故选B。
19．A
20．C
21．A
22．B
23．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了由于新型冠状病毒的出现，人们为了保持社交距离，各国在社交礼仪方面发生了很大的转变。
19．
细节理解题。根据第一段中”With the outbreak of COVID-19 people are encouraged and even forced to practice social distancing from each other in public. From the ancient Chinese fist-in-palm bow(拱手礼) to the new elbow touch used by western politicians, the ways of greeting have changed greatly.“以及第四段中“As social distancing remains due to COVID-19, many cultures around the world are taking their new greetings to adapt to the new situation.”由于2019冠状病毒疾病的存在，导致了人与人之间打招呼的方式发生了很大的变化，故选A。
20．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Chuan-Kang Shih, a cultural professor at the University of Florida, said, People want to cheer themselves up by not touching physically, so they invented this.”可知是为了彼此激励，故选C。
21．
推理判断题。根据第五段中“He said, “We must change customs and traditions which are harmful at this special time, since the most important thing in the world is the people.”可知在这个特殊的时间段，人是比传统和习俗更重要的，故选A。
22．
词义猜测题。根据第六段中“However, considering the tough situation, we had to stop ourselves.”可知这里指的是新型冠状病毒所出现的艰难的时期，hard艰难的，故选B。
23．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本篇文章通过讲解了几个国家的社交礼仪方面的变化，来鼓励在公共场合彼此保持社交距离，从而减缓新型冠状病毒的传播及感染。故选D。
24．D
25．D
26．D
27．B
28．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了四个欧洲国家对未接种新冠疫苗人员的限行政策，以及违反规定的处罚措施。
24．
细节理解题。根据文中“The country plans to make COVID-19 vaccinations mandatory (强制的) for all people aged 60 and over. Those who have not gotten their first shot (第一针) by Jan 16, 2022 will face a monthly fine of 100 euros(about 718 yuan).”可知，2022年1月16日起，未接种疫苗和60岁以上的人将在希腊被罚款。故选D。
25．
细节理解题。根据文中“Italy. Unvaccinated people are banned from dining indoors in restaurants and bars as well as from attending shows, sports events and public ceremonies. The rule came into effect on Dec. 6 and will last until Jan. 15.”可知，意大利未接种疫苗的人们有时间限制。故选D。
26．
细节理解题。根据文中“Austria. In Austria, unvaccinated people aged 12 and older have been under a lock-down since Nov 15. They can only leave home for work, medical reasons or to get something of daily use.”可知，如果22岁的奥地利人没有接种疫苗，他/她可以出于医疗目的离开家。故选D。
27．
词句猜测题。根据下文“The country plans to make COVID-19 vaccinations mandatory (强制的) for all people aged 60 and over. Those who have not gotten their first shot (第一针) by Jan 16, 2022 will face a monthly fine of 100 euros(about 718 yuan).”可知，上文是希腊将是欧盟中第一个对未接种疫苗的人进行罚款的国家。划线单词amerce的意思是“罚款”，故选B。
28．
主旨大意题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了欧洲国家对未接种疫苗的人群采取的措施。选项C符合题意，故选C。
29．B
30．D
31．B
32．C
33．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了一些有关病毒的事实，以及我们应该如何防止病毒感染。
29．
细节理解题。根据“Some of them may even be ‘superspreaders’, infecting dozens to hundreds of other people without even realizing it.”可知，超级传播者可能会传染很多人。故选B。
30．
细节理解题。根据“Wash your hands ... Make sure to wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds and dry your hands on a clean towel.”，“In public restrooms, avoid air dryers, which blow contaminants (污染物) all over the place.”以及“Do regular exercise.”可知，文中提到的有用的防护病毒的方法有：洗手、做运动和避免在公共厕所使用烘干机，没有提到D项“没有专业指导的情况下进行马拉松长跑训练”。故选D。
31．
细节理解题。根据“But effective herd immunity requires that more than 90 percent of the population be vaccinated against a disease”可知，如果超过90%的人口接种了疫苗，就可以对某种疾病产生群体免疫。故选B。
32．
段落大意题。根据“Some viruses, ... (they never had signs of the illness) and presymptomatic people (they don’t have signs yet)”可知，本段介绍了有些病毒，即使人们感染了却没有迹象。因此判断标题为④“没有迹象就被感染是可能的”；根据“Wash your hands. This is a piece of advice given by...”可知，本段是关于洗手可以防护病毒，标题应用①“勤洗手有保护作用”；根据“Do regular exercise. Regular exercise, which...”可知，本文主要是讲有规律的运动，标题应用②“有规律的锻炼是有益的”；根据“... allowing you to make use of herd immunity (群体免疫)”可知，最后一段与群体免疫相关，③“群体免疫很难实现”符合语境。综上，正确的顺序为④①②③。故选C。
33．
主旨大意题。根据“Fortunately, just as we know a lot about how viruses harm us, so do we know how to prevent them. These facts are a good place to start.”和全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些我们应该知道的与病毒有关的事实。故选A。
34．A
35．D
36．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了一些抗击新冠肺炎的超级英雄。
34．
细节理解题。根据“He is the first doctor to warn people how dangerous the virus could be at the end of last December, so people call him the “whistle-blower”.”可知，在去年12月底，李文亮警告人们这种病毒可能有危险；故选A。
35．
细节理解题。根据“He tried his best to keep life going for the doctors and nurses.”可知，他竭尽全力维持医生和护士的生活；故选D。
36．
细节理解题。根据“People’s Daily has praised him, presenting the courage and hard work of common people.”可知，《人民日报》赞扬了王勇，他展示了普通人的勇气和努力；不是赞扬李文亮；故选C。
37．B
38．A
39．B
40．D
41．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个国家传统的问候习俗以及随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界范围内的传播，各国都改变了问候习俗。
37．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个国家传统的问候习俗以及随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界范围内的传播，各国都改变了问候习俗。故选B。
38．
细节理解题。根据原文“A French manner expert said that simply looking into a person’s eyes could be enough as a greeting”可知，现在打招呼仅仅看着一个人的眼睛就足够了。故选A。
39．
细节理解题。根据原文“In Brazil, chimarrao is a special drink that is commonly shared among a group of close friends”可知，在巴西，分享马黛茶是在亲密朋友之间进行的。故选B。
40．
细节理解题。根据原文“But today, COVID-19 has made “footshake” a new way of greeting”可知，因为新冠疫情，伊朗开始采用“碰脚”的新型问候方式。故选D。
41．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了四个国家传统的问候习俗以及随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界范围内的传播，各国都改变了问候习俗。可推断文章出自一篇新闻，故来源于报纸，故选B。
42．B
43．A
44．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了在与新冠肺炎的战斗中，涌现出了许多民族英雄，其中四位杰出的贡献者受到了国家主席的表彰。
42．
细节理解题。根据“The People’s Hero was given to three others.”可知，“人民英雄”的称号送给另外三个人。故选B。
43．
细节理解题。根据“Zhang Dingyu was the head of Wuhan’s Jinyintan Hospital in 2020. He got an illness in 2018.”可知，张定于在2018年生病了。故选A。
44．
细节理解题。根据“The purpose of giving the nation’s top honors to these people was to show the great courage and the spirit of working together of the Chinese people.”可知，把国家最高荣誉给这些人的目的是展现了中国人民的伟大勇气和同舟共济的精神。故选C。
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