2023届上海市闵行区高三英语一模试卷及答案（不含听力原文）

这是一份2023届上海市闵行区高三英语一模试卷及答案（不含听力原文），共25页。试卷主要包含了本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023届上海市闵行区高三一模
英 语 试 卷
考生注意:
1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。.
3.答题前，务必在答题纸规定的地方张贴条形码并填写考生号和姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the
best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. $ 10.
B. $ 15.
C. $ 25.
D. $ 35.
2. A. The man hasn't finished the bookshelf.
B. The bookshelf is hard to make.
C. It's likely that the man has lost the tools.
D. The man hates to lend tools to others.
3. A. To his own office.
B. To a meeting room.
C. To the manager's office.
D. To the front desk.
4. A. The man enjoyed every minute of the show.
B. The woman felt amused in the end.
C. The man missed part of the show.
D. The two speakers disliked the show.
5. A. Convincing.
B. Sensitive.
C. Thoughtful.
D. Informative.
6. A. How to fix the refrigerator.
B. Buying a new refrigerator.
C. Where to put the new refrigerator.
D. Advertising for refrigerators.
7. A. He doesn't like the new canteen.
B. He is willing to try out the new canteen.
C. He thinks the new canteen is OK.
D. He has never been to the new canteen.
8. A. Pressing the emergency button.
B. Restarting the elevator.
C. Calling the service center.
D. Waiting for a short while.
9. A. Tennis is difficult to learn.
B. It's too late for the man to learn tennis.
C. She advised the man to try a new sport.
D. The man should give up tennis.
10. A. The woman doesn't know the man well.
B. The man has had a new hairstyle.
C. The man went to a new hair salon.
D. The new barber can't figure out what to do.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Because of their common interest.
B. Because of their shared skills.
C. Because of their working experiences.
D. Because of their same education.
12. A. By contacting their relatives.
B. By communicating with them.
C. By doing housework for them.
D. By setting up the volunteer program.
13. A. It improves elderly people's health.
B. It collects some data for research.
C. It calls for complex skills.
D. It meets the requirement for graduation.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following speech.
4. A. The 18 century architecture.
B. The countryside location.
C. The seating arrangements.
D. The quality of the music.
5. A. It is a held around the year.
B. It is supported by the government.
C. It mainly focuses on young people.
D. It doesn't accept private donation.
16. A. An introduction of a music festival.
B. Ways to donate the music festival.
C. Performances by young musicians.
D. Policy of private sponsorship.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
7. A. The development of a group project.
B. A difficult project designing a bridge.
C. Lack of knowledge in ancient philosophy.
D. Poor grade on the philosophy course.
18. A. A 10-page paper and a 10-minute presentation.
B. A 10-page paper and a 20-minute presentation.
C. A 20-page paper and a 10-minute presentation.
D. A 20-page paper and a 20-minute presentation.
19. A. They don't take the assignment seriously.
B. They don't believe in Jennifer.
C. They don't show interest in philosophy.
D. They prefer to do individual work.
20. A. He assigned each member different work.
B. He had to depend on himself.
C. He gave up the project at last.
D. He shifted his role to others.
lI. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Does the word “imperfect" always convey negative feeling? Have you ever walked to the local grocery store's produce (农产品) section, only (21)______(see) a basket full of "imperfect produce"? There's (22) ______ wrong with a tomato that isn't perfectly rounded or peaches in different sizes; they still carry the same benefits and flavors as the versions we're used to seeing in grocery stores. Farmers usually throw away these imperfect items, as many grocery
chains won't accept them for fear (23) ______ they are unsellable. However, a growing group of grocery chains are fighting to make these deserted fruits and vegetables part of consumers' buying habits.
One such business is Imperfect Produce, a start-up that delivers fresh ugly produce to consumers, with (24) ______ service, you can get up to 20 pounds of fruit and veggies for around $20 a week. This is about a 30 percent discount compared to (25) ______ is currently sold in stores. So far, the company (26) ______ (accept) as partnership by several big chain wholesale giants, such as Whole Foods Company, to sell the misshapen produce.
While this movement might be a new trend here in the US, it's already gained serious popularity in Europe. In 2014, the European Union announced the Year Against Food Waste, with a French grocery chain (27) ______ (launch) a very successful campaign called Inglorious Fruits and Vegetables. In Portugal, a similar company to Imperfect Produce called Fruta Feia has also taken off.
Buying these unfortunate-looking foods should be appealing to consumers not only (28) ______ the affordability, but also for the support it gives to farmers and the direct impact it has on decreasing food waste and the environmental pollution. It is believed that when the discarded (丢弃的) fruits and vegetables decompose (分解) they release methane, a greenhouse gas that, when (29) ______ (release) into the atmosphere, is about 86 times as powerful as carbon dioxide over a 20-year period.
The growing amount of food waste is a major global problem. Each year, some 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted. Waste is, in fact, (30) ______ (ugly) thing of all.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. objects B. cease C. removed D. substitutions E. justified F. engaging
G. responsible H. present I. companions J. employ K. exposing
Smart Toys that Spy on Kids
Americans are becoming more and more alert of the ways their personal information is being collected on the Internet. A recent national survey found that 72% of respondents are not sure whether Facebook is using the data it collected on them in a(n) 31______ way. And 70% of respondents said they believed their smartphones are being monitored in ways they haven't agreed to. That doubt is 32______. Concerns about personal privacy are on the rise all
the time.
But adult gift-givers may not realize that some children's toys are collecting personal data, too. Toys with cameras, mobile apps, and requirements to set up online accounts that store data about the toy and its user all 33______ privacy concerns.
Toys that 34______ Bluetooth connections, for example, could be sensitive to being hacked from outside the home, perhaps 35______ the child to inappropriate content or gathering sensitive info. The famous car race Mario Kart Live Home Circuit installs a camera that uploads images of the room in order to create virtual racetrack. But these images of the room's layout (布局) and the 36______ in it could be exposed if the game's website were ever hacked.
Most toy manufacturers are trying to build in protections. And the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act provides another layer of defense by requiring parents to be involved in setting up the toy and giving adults the right to have their children's online data 37______. The worldwide market for smart toys is expected to reach almost $70 billion in the next five years. These toys can be wonderfully 38______ and even educational, such as an interactive globe that speaks to children about a country as they touch it on the map. Action figures, robots, or dolls that talk back and hold conversations can become smart 39______. Yet, in an environment where so much information can be collected through interaction with devices, children 40______ to be mere "players" or “consumers". They become “data subjects" that disclose information or “personal data" about themselves, both consciously and unconsciously.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In this world of rapid changes, everything seems to be possible. There will eventually come a day when the New York Times stops 41______ stories on paper. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia (怀旧) as people are for ink on paper, there are plenty of reasons to 42______ print. The basic facilities required to make a 43______ newspaper- printing presses, delivery trucks一isn't just expensive. Readers are keeping away from print anyway. And though print advertisement sales still 44______ their online and mobile counterparts, income from print is still declining.
Cost may be high and circulation lower but rushing to 45______ its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Petretti.
Petretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to speed up that 46______ would make sense for them," he said, “but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most faithful customers really upset with you."
Sometimes that's well worth 47______ anyway. Petretti gives the example of Netflix 48______ its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming (流媒体).“It was once seen as a(n)
49______,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. “If I were in charge at the Times, I wouldn't pick a year to 50______ print," Petreti said, “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product, which has some advantage over a modern product, making it appealing for customers to keep it around."
As a matter of fact, the most loyal customers would still get the product they 51______. The idea goes, and they'd feel like that they were helping maintain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you're 52______ print, you could feel like that you were helping," Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional 53______.” In other words, if you're going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year一more than twice as much as a digital-only 54______.
“It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Petretti remarked. “But we' re going to have questions like that. We're doing things that don't make sense when the market 55______ and so does the world. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.
41. A. commenting B. publishing C. initiating D. describing
42. A. restore B. promote C. stimulate D. abandon
43. A. physical B. influential C. worthy D. profitable
44. A. follow B. transfer C. overtake D. outlook
45. A. reverse B. eliminate C. maintain D. evaluate
46. A. transition B. existence C. application D. isolation
47. A. playing safe B. following a general rule
C. keeping to a routine D. making a definite change
48. A. stimulating B. discontinuing C. regulating D. fulling
49. A. achievement B. tendency C. opportunity D. mistake
50. A. sponsor B. fund C. end D. establish
51. A. favour B. facilitate C. share D. afford
52. A. benefiting from B. referring to C. overpaying for D. trying out
53. A. identity B. variation C. loyalty D. income
54. A. subscription B. advancement C. policy D. technology
55. A. shrinks B. changes C. emerges D. dominates
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
Raccoons are arguably the most successful urban carnivore (食肉动物) in North America. They maintain large populations in most U.S. cities and are certainly just as common in Chicago, though actual population estimates are unknown. Almost anyone who has spent time outdoors at night has likely seen one, and they are quite difficult to confuse with anything else - their fat bodies, and mask-like facial markings, make them quite distinctive, and even perhaps charming.
A typical urban raccoon is able to eat virtually anything. Their diet includes earthworms, carrion, plant matter, cat food, and all kind of discarded human food waste. Raccoons are probably the most advanced wildlife which can dive our dustbins. Their paws (爪子) are quite dexterous and enable them to access closed garbage dustbins. Raccoons are also capable climbers and can be found on the top of fences and in trees. While they are typically solitary, they are willing to tolerate crowds of other raccoons if high quality food resources are present. They give birth once and sometimes twice a year in late spring and make use of a wide variety of den (巢穴) sites, including hollow trees, chimneys, etc. Because they make dens in a variety of human structures, raccoons can be a source of human-wildlife conflict, through direct confrontation with humans, property damage caused by their activities, and,
perhaps most critically, through the transmission of disease. Leptospirosis, canine distemper, raccoon roundworm, and rabies are the most important zoonotic (人畜共患的) diseases carried by raccoons. Rabies in particular has had a massive effect on raccoon populations and caused a public health attention, to the point where use of vaccine have been attempted in some cities.
In most cases where raccoons are reported by the public, no management action is necessary. Large packs of raccoons, such as those often sighted along the lakeshore path, likely suggest a large artificial food source, such as people deliberately feeding raccoons on unchecked garbage. These large gatherings present a high disease risk and people should be strongly discouraged from feeding raccoons or leaving food outside for them. In cases where there is evidence of disease, individual raccoons will need to be trapped and killed.
56. What do we know about raccoons from the first paragraph?
A. They are unknown in Chicago.
B. They are easily recognized.
C. They tend to attack people at night.
D. They are declining in population.
57. The word “dexterous" (in paragraph two) probably means “_______”.
A. skillful
B. mysterious
C. invisible
D. abnormal
58. From the sentence "While they are typically.." (in paragraph two), we know that raccoons prefer to _______.
A. share food
B. be in crowd
C. live separately
D. hide high quality food
59. What do we know from the last paragraph?
A. People are encouraged to feed raccoons.
B. Raccoons are killed as food source for people.
C. Immediate measures are adopted when raccoons are found.
D. Extreme actions may be taken to deal with racoons carrying disease.
(B)
ALCS NEWS Autumn 2021
Mavis Cheek (born 1948) is an English novelist, author of 15 novels.
Mavis Cheek in conversation about her writing life
Q: What initially inspired you to become a writer?
A: Being unqualified to do any other job was a great help - or rather spur (激励). If I'd been able to be a secretary or a typist, for example, then economics might well have overtaken me in the years I spent improving my craft and trying to get published. Of course, the great inspiration was having my daughter and wanting to be at home with the baby while using my brain.
Q: What's been your most exciting book and why?
A: My latest Amenable Women, from the point of view of all the research I had to do - which I hugely enjoyed, by the way. The most exciting book to have published was my first (Pause Between Acts, 1988), which had absolutely wonderful reviews everywhere (except the New York Times - and I didn't mind that at all - just to be in the NYT was thrilling). It gave me extreme excitement, when the first of those came out.
Q: You once said that "any writer with a mortgage (贷款) never gets writer's block". Do your views differ now you have had 12 commercially successful books? If so, why?
A: I still think that one of the best (and worst) spurs to writing and for continuing to write is a requirement to earn a living. The road to publication is littered with the corpses (尸体) of would-be authors who can't make it to the second or third book. I've just recently been sent a new novel by a really good author who were less successful for years and I am sure it was largely due to her having a private income. Believe me, if I didn't have a mortgage in the bank, I'd be lying on Greek beach right now, not struggling to make sense of yet another novel.
Q: The more successful you become, do you find it harder to come up with concepts for a new novel?
A: It's harder to believe you are getting better at the job, though obviously that's what I and most writers want. Basically, we compete with ourselves while trying to continue pleasing our audience. Finding new ways of pleasing the readers one more time gets harder- at least for me. I always have to start with an idea that's suddenly entered my head, and which won't go away. Currently I'm suffered by thoughts of truth and how hard it is to maintain in an ordinary life.
60. What encouraged Mavis Cheek to become a writer?
A. The expectation of the worthy financial rewards.
B. The desire to combine the role of a mother and a career.
C. The established idea of gaining reputation of a famous writer.
D. The wish of encouraging people through the power of literature.
61. Overall, Mavis Cheek describes the writing profession as _______.
A. motivating but struggling
B. respectable but impersonal
C. stressful and unfulfilling
D. exciting and financially rewarding
62. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. Mavis Cheek had earned a lot before she became a writer.
B. The income from writing has removed Mavis Cheek's material worries.
C. Mavis Cheek's career once almost came to an end due to unfavorable comments.
D. Successful as she is, Mavis Cheek still feels it hard to satisfy the readers continuously.
(C)
Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, 1 have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they're necessary, because you can't make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive.
Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value， governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient- by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays- we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won't change.
Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn't an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening
roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use.
One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient- even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.
63. In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are
A. not widely supported
B. costly to carry out
C. generally recognized
D. temporarily beneficial
64. According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced?
A. Drivers will become more productive employees.
B. Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas.
C. Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place.
D. Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding.
65. Which of the following can be inferred about the author's attitude towards the measures to improve traffic?
A. They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately.
B. They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm.
C. They will definitely arouse people's awareness of environmental protection.
D. They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive.
66. The author wrote this massage mainly to _______.
A. support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic.
B. oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment.
C. provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion.
D. indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.
B. Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment.
C. For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.
D. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.
E. So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally.
F. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.
Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person. 67_________ People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.
68_________ The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.
The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.
69_________ Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.
In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflow's natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure. 70_________ This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with. A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Leather Good or Not?
For thousands of years, humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear. The skin of animals is a material that is strong, hard-wearing and flexible. These qualities make leather a popular material for many different products, but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy. Should we respect ancient traditions or is having real leather not as important as it used to be?
The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), more than 2.29 billion cows, pigs and goats are killed each year for their hides. This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products, such as sheep, crocodiles, kangaroos and lizards.
There's also an environmental problem. Producing leather is a very polluting process, because it requires treating the skins with chemicals. During the procedure, called tanning, chemicals change the fibers (纤维) inside the leather, making it tougher. A tanning facility uses more than 60,000 liters of water for every tonne of leather produced. It uses huge amounts of poisonous chemicals, including substances containing heavy metals such as chromium, which when washed out ends up in nearby soil and drinking water that people use.
However, the making of leather is not entirely negative. Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada. Every day, cows, pigs and goats are killed for their meat to be sold in supermarkets. It's respectful not to waste anything, and without leather their skins would have to be buried or burned.
Although there are alternatives to leather, some of these fabrics are only 85% to 90% biodegradable (可生物降解的). Vegan leather can be made from plastics which take years to biodegrade, so it's actually worse for the planet.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72.刚到学校我就发现把化学书忘家里了。(Hardly…)

73.如果周三下雨的话慈善义卖还照常进行吗? (schedule)

74.这两位网球选手水平相当，不到最后一刻很难预料冠军归属。(equal)

75.看到那么多年轻人自愿学舞龙，这位老艺人如释重负，感觉这门古老的技艺后继有人了。(relieve)

VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120- 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你的英国朋友Jim 所在的学校要组织来中国进行主题夏令营活动，每个学生可以从以下三个主题营中选择一个参加: 1.唐诗 (Tang poems)学习夏令营; 2.乒乓球训练营; 3.剪纸(paper-cutting) 学习夏令营。Jim 来信希望你能给他推荐一个。请你给他回信，内容包括: 1.你的建议; 2. 你的理由。

参考答案
I Listening Comprehension
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5.A 6. B 7. C
8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. C
15.C 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. B
lI. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
21. to find
22. nothing
23. that
24. whose
25. what
26. has been accepted
27. launching
28. because of/due to
29. released
30. the ugliest
Section B
31. G 32. E 33. H 34. J 35. K 36. A 37. C 38. F 39. I 40. B
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
41.B 42. D 43.A 44. C 45. B 46.A 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.C
51.A 52. C 53. D 54.A 55. B
Section B
56. B 57.A 58.C 59. D 60.B 61.A 62.D
63.A 64.C 65. B 66. D
Section C
67. D 69. F 70. C
IV. Summary Writing
(For reference only)
People have used leather for various purposes for its unique qualities (0.5) but concern about its potential harm and continuous employment is rising. (0.5) Slaughter for animals' skins on a large scale (1) and the environmental problem caused by chemicals involved in the processing course are main issues. (1) While, as a source of income for some people (1) and with good biodegradability compared with alternatives, leather use is also positive. (1)
V. Translation
(For reference only)
72. Hardly had I got to school (1.5) when I found that I had left my chemistry book at home (1.5).
73. Will the charity sale be held (1 .5) as scheduled if it rains this Wednesday (1.5)?
74. The two tennis players are equal in ability (1.5), so it's hard to predict (1) who will win the championship (1) until the last moment (0.5).
75. Finding that so many young people volunteered to learn dragon dance (2), the old artist felt relieved (1) and he believed the ancient art could be handed down to the next generation (2).
VI. Guided Writing
略