中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点21 定语从句

中考英语总复习方法指导

中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。

中考总复习一般分为三轮：

1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。

通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。

2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。

第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。

3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。

复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。

【讲通练透】考点21 定语从句

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

命题趋势：

定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。

中考考查重点：

   关系代词的用法；

在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。

【图示】

考向一: 定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

考向二: 定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

考向三: 关系代词的基本用法

The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。

The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。

【典例】（2021·湖北鄂州市·中考真题）—Yuan Longping is a hero ______ is known for developing hybrid rice（杂交水稻）.

—Yes. He is a great man.

A．which B．whom C．what D．that

【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。

He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。

He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。

2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：

（1）先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。

That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。

【典例】42．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）I’d like to express my thanks to everyone ______ served the community.

A．which B．who C．where D．when

2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.。

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。

Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。

（3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

（4）先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。

（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。

We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。

It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。

（7）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

3. 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：

（1）先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。

Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

一、

二、

三、

四、

五、

六、

  七、

八、

九、

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

命题趋势：

定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。

中考考查重点：

   关系代词的用法；

在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系副词有when，where，why等

关系副词的基本用法

1. when在句中作状语，表示时间。

He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。

This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。

2. where在句中作状语，表示地点。

This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。

This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。

3. why在句中作状语，表示原因。

This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

【典例】（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）I’ll never forget the place ______ we visited together last year.

A．which B．what C．who D．whom

【易错提醒】

1. 当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：

☛This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.

这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that，而不用where）

2. 当position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：

☛It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.

把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。

3. 关系副词why指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason。

☛Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？

【典例】（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ______ need help?

— We could help them with their study online on weekends.

A．which B．whom C．whose D．who

【易错提醒】

当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：

☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?

你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）

☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?

你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）

【速记口诀】

三、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。

Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present. 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝，它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。

2、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。

That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已被传得沸沸扬扬。

3、除which外，还可用when， where， who，whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。

After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。

【注意】that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

4、在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。

1．I like the movies ________ can give me something to think about.

A．that B．what C．who

2．—Anyone________ wants to pass the test should be careful.

—Yes, you are right.

A．which B．what C．who D．/

3．Beijing ________ is the capital of China will host the 24th Winter Olympic Games from 4 to 20 February, 2022.

A．where B．which C．who

4．I can’t believe the person ________ won 2020 American election is Biden.

A．whom B．which C．what D．who

5．They’ll never forget the people and buildings ________ they visited in China.

A．which B．that C．who D．what

6．Each of us should remember the valuable experience ________ can help us in the future.

A．what B．which C．who D．/

7．—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree ________ waiting in line?

—They are the students from No.1 Primary School.

A．that are B．who is C．which is

8．— Do you know the girl ________ is playing the piano over there?

— Of course. She is my best friend, Linda.

A．which B．who C．whom D．what

9．—How do you like the book Little Women?

—Wonderful. I think it is the best one ________ tells us the importance of family.

A．/ B．what C．which D．that

10．Li Bai is a famous Chinese poet ________ is popular with many people around the world.

A．which B．whom C．who D．what

1.（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _____ has become one of China’s national treasures.

A．who B．which C．whose

2．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.

A．who B．that C．whom D．what

3．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ______ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.

A．who B．whose C．which D．what

4．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Do you know the boy ______ hand writing won the first in the competition?

—Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.

A．who B．whose C．whom D．which

5．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）I like smart clothes ______ are made of silk.

A．who B．which C．what

6．（2021·福建中考真题）We all miss Wu Mengchao ______ saved thousands of lives in his medical work.

A．which B．what C．who

7．（2021·湖北十堰市·）This is the first birthday gift ______ I received. I’ve kept it many years.

A．which B．that C．who D．what

1．（2021·福建省惠安荷山中学模拟预测）My hometown is exactly the place            holds all my sweet memories.

A．who B．which C．what

2．（2021·福建·厦门一中模拟预测）Parasite《寄生虫》became the first non-English best movie ________ has won Oscars in history.

A．that B．what C．who

3．（2021·福建鼓楼·三模）— What’s new in the App Store?

— Notability. It is a useful app ________ can help you add things like pictures, videos, and even audio recordings to your notes.

A．who B．which C．what

4．（2021·福建惠安·二模）Language learning isn’t difficult itself. The will __________ you have decides whether you can learn it well or not.

A．who B．whose C．that

5．（2021·四川·石室中学二模）We are working hard to prepare for the entrance examination of high school _______ result will surely decide whether we can go to a good senior high school or not.

A．what B．which C．whose

6．（2021·四川新都·三模）I love pop music ________ I can dance to.

A．whose B．who C．that

7．（2021·重庆·四川外国语大学附属外国语学校三模）I will never forget the good old days ________ we spent together in CQFLS.

A．who B．which C．where D．why

8．（2021·安徽淮南·二模）—Do you know something about Zhao Zhongxiang?

—Sure. He was a famous host ________ passed away last year.

A．who B．whose C．which D．what

9．（2021·云南开远·二模）We teenagers should look up to the people ________ have made great achievements to our countries, like Yuan Longping.

A．who B．what C．which D．whose

10．（2021·内蒙古阿荣旗·一模）—Do you know Li Ziqi?

—Of course. She is a beautiful girl ________ has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.

A．what B．/ C．which D．who

11．（2021·湖北·孝感市孝南区教学研究室二模）—What kind of movies do you prefer?

—I prefer the movies ________ me something to think about.

A．which give B．that gives C．what give D．who gives

12．（2021·甘肃·平凉市崆峒区教育科学研究所一模）Is this the best museum ________ you visited last year?

A．that B．what C．where D．which