中考英语二轮复习【讲通练透】 考点34 阅读理解

中考英语总复习方法指导

中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。

中考总复习一般分为三轮：

1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。

通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。

2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。

第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。

3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。

复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。

【讲通练透】专题34 阅读理解

常考点归纳

【典例1】

（2021·贵州黔南·中考真题）

1．How many sports are mentioned in this material? ________A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.

2．Which city held the first modern Olympic Games? ________

A．Athens. B．Beijing. C．London.

3．The opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games was in ________.

A．the National Stadium B．the Panathenaic Stadium C．the Wimbledon Stadium

4．This material is most probably taken from ________.

A．a storybook B．a magazine C．an advertisement

【答案】

1．C

2．A

3．A

4．B

【解析】

【分析】

本文主要介绍了奥运会的起源、运动项目和三个举办过奥运会的城市。

1．

细节理解题。根据“These runners are taking part in the modern Olympics. At the ancient Olympics there were wrestling matches. Some athletes hurled a discus as far as they could. Another popular Olympic sport was the long jump. Men raced around a track in chariots pulled by horses.”可知文中提到了五项运动，故选C。

2．

细节理解题。根据“Athens is the capital of Greece. It was the host city of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896.”可知雅典举办了第一届现代奥运会，故选A。

3．

细节理解题。根据“Beijing is the capital of China. It hosted the 2008 Olympic Games. The opening ceremony was in the National Stadium”可知2008年奥运会开幕式是在国家体育场举行，故选A。

4．

推理判断题。根据“The Olympic Games began in Olympia, in ancient Greece. They were made up of many sports. They still exist today.”以及通读全文可知本文主要介绍了奥运会的起源、运动项目和三个举办过奥运会的城市，所以推断这篇文章很可能在杂志社看到，故选B。

【典例2】

（2021·山东淄博·中考真题）

Want better odds? Some people believe that finding a heads－up penny is good luck. The odds(几率) that a found penny will be heads up are one in two.

Good－luck seekers(探求者) can also break a wishbone. Two people hold a wishbone(如愿骨), make a wish, then break it. It is said that the person who gels the bigger piece will get his or her wish. The odds of getting the bigger piece are one in two.

According to Irish tradition, finding a four－leaf clover(三叶草) will bring you good luck. But just how hard is it to find one? For every ten thousand clovers you look at, the odds are that one of them will have four leaves instead of three.

When I was a kid, I once found a four－leaf clover in our backyard. I knew that four－leaf clovers are rare(稀有的), but I didn’t know how “lucky” I was to find one until I read What Are the Odds? If I had known, I might have been more careful with it. I lost it soon afterwards—along with a lucky key chain and a lucky coin.

It’s fun to pretend(自称) that things like four－leaf clovers can bring us good luck. But I believe that we make our own good luck with hard work. Sometimes our hard work leads to success in ways we don’t expect. And often we are “lucky” when someone else takes the time to give us the help we need.

It’s fun to find a four－leaf clover and hope for good luck. But it’s more fun when we work hard and do our best－and when we lend a helping hand to others—we can make true magic.

5．The odds of finding a four－leaf clover are ________.

A．1 in 2 B．3 in 4 C．1 in 1,000 D．1 in 10,000

6．What was the writer’s attitude to the four－leaf clover she found when she was a kid?

A．She treasured it very much. B．She didn’t care about it at all.

C．She didn’t take it too seriously. D．She didn’t know what to do with it.

7．How can we get our own good luck in the writer’s opinion?

A．By working hard. B．By finding a heads－up penny.

C．By finding a wishbone. D．By finding a four－leaf clover.

8．This passage is probably written for ________.

A．coin collectors B．gardeners C．pupils D．Irish people

【答案】

5．D

6．C

7．A

8．C

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文, 通过寻求幸运的三种传统方法来说明, 努力工作和尽最大努力并且当我们伸出援助之手时才会带来真正的幸运。

5．

细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“ For every ten thousand clovers you look at, the odds are that one of them will have four leaves instead of three.”可知，每一万棵三叶草里面才会有一棵四叶草，故找到四叶草的几率为1/10000，故选D。

6．

细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“ I knew that four－leaf clovers are rare(稀有的), but I didn’t know how “lucky” I was to find one until I read What Are the Odds? If I had known, I might have been more careful with it.”可知, 作者当时虽然知道四叶草稀有, 但并没有过多关注；如果作者早知道发现四叶草这么幸运, 她会更仔细待它的, 故选C。

7．

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“But I believe that we make our own good luck with hard work.”可知，幸运是通过努力工作而来的，故选A。

8．

推理判断题。通读全文，文章旨在将“越努力, 越幸运”这一道理告诉学生们，这篇文章是写给学生们的。故选C。

【技巧点拨】

用法详解： 

一、正确的阅读题解题步骤：读题、定位、分析

1）读题 （题目中定关键词）

关键词是

a.题目中比较醒目,特别的名词(专有名词)

b、题目中词意鲜明的动词、形容词

c、题目中年代或与年代有关的词（数字）

2）定位 （文章中找关键词）

带着关键词回读原文，找到关键词并定位划出句子（一句或两句）技巧：“首题多首段，顺序不会乱；其余往下找，一般是习惯”。

3）分析（回选项确定答案）

【易错警示】

1.忌不带问题。做阅读理解题时，应先把文章后面所给的问题浏览一遍，然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，从而提高阅读效果。

2.忌草率行事。在设计阅读理解题时，设计者往往在选项中设计出一个似是而非、干扰性特别强的选项来迷惑考生。如果在发现一个看似正确选项时就草率定案，往往会掉进设题者设置的“陷阱”里，正确的处理方法是:对所给选项进行分析比较，在充分理解阅读材料内容的基础上去伪存真，方可选出正确答案

3.忌主观印象。考生在做题时，一定要排除自身的生活经验、经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰，按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。

4.忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，文中一两处没看懂的地方可以且放置一边，等把相对容易的题做完后，再回头来处理。

【变式演练】

01

（2021·广西河池·模拟预测）

These years people show all kinds of things on the Internet—good food, nice clothes, wonderful vacations and so on. Now showing the number of steps is becoming popular, too. Why?

People are finding it important to be in good health. To keep healthy, many people go to work on foot. When they start walking, they open the step counter app in their phones to record how many steps they walk that day. After a day’s walk, some people show the number on WeChat or Weibo. This can make them learn from each other and keep exercising.

“This helps me to exercise much and keep a good habit,” Miss Liu said. “I can also talk about how to keep healthy with my friends on WeChat. We are in the same group to encourage each other to keep exercising.”

Mr. Wu likes to exercise. But in the past he was kind of lazy and didn’t want to exercise every day. “After I use the step counter app, everything is different. It’s great to exercise with my friends. Sometimes there are prizes for those who walk more steps. I really like it,” he said.

Walking is a relaxing and useful way to exercise. Both the old and the young like it. Recording the steps helps people develop a good habit of walking and showing the number can make people more interested in walking. But don’t take the number too seriously.

9．Now, _________ on the Internet is also becoming popular.

A．showing the number of steps B．showing wonderful vacations

C．showing good food and nice clothes D．showing nice clothes

10．To keep healthy, many people _________ to work.

A．walk B．ride a bike C．take a subway D．take a bus

11．We can’t know _________ from the second paragraph.

A．the use of the step counter app B．why they show the number online

C．people who walk more steps get prizes D．people are finding it important to be in good health

12．_________ is TRUE according to the passage.

A．More people go to work on foot to save money

B．Many people don’t go to work on foot

C．People usually show the number of steps in the morning

D．Miss Liu and Mr. Wu like to exercise with their friends

13．What does the writer think of showing the number of steps?

A．It can make people lazy.

B．It can make people drive cars.

C．It can’t make people develop a good habit of walking.

D．It can make people more interested in walking.

02

（2021·安徽利辛·三模）“How are you?” is a nice question. It’s a friendly way that people in the USA greet each other. But “How are you?” is also a very unusual question. It’s a question that often doesn’t need an answer. The person who asks “How are you?” hopes to hear the answer “Fine”, even if the person’s friend isn’t fine. The reason is that “How are you?” isn’t really a question and “Fine” isn’t really an answer. They are simply other ways of saying “Hello” or “Hi”. Sometimes, people don’t say exactly what they mean. For example, when someone asks “Do you agree?” the other person might think, “No, I disagree. I think you’re wrong…” But it isn’t very polite to disagree so strongly, so the other person might say “I’m not sure.” It’s a nicer way to say that you don’t agree with someone.

People don’t say exactly what they are thinking when they want to finish talking with other people. For example, many talks over the phone finish when one person says “I’ve to go now.” Often, the person who wants to hang up gives an excuse: “Someone’s at the door.” “Something is burning on the stove.” The excuses might be real or not. Perhaps the person who wants to hang up simply doesn’t want to talk any more, but it isn’t polite to say that. The excuse is more polite, and it doesn’t hurt the other person.

Whether they are greeting each other, talking about an idea, or finishing a talk, people don’t say exactly what they are thinking. It’s an important way that people try to be nice to each other, and it’s part of the game of language.

14．When a person disagrees with someone, it is polite to say “________”

A．You are wrong. I disagree. B．I’m not sure.

C．I’m sure I disagree. D．I don’t agree with you.

15．A polite way to finish a talk is to say “________”

A．You have to go now. B．I want to hang up.

C．I have to go now. D．I don’t want to talk any more.

16．When a person says “I’ve got to go now. Someone’s at the door.” the person may be ________.

A．giving an excuse B．hurting someone’s feelings

C．talking to a person at the door D．going to another place

17．The rule of the game of language is probably ________.

A．“Always say what you mean.” B．“Don’t disagree with people.”

C．“Never say exactly what you’re thinking.” D．“Be nice to each other.”

03

（2021·福建省惠安荷山中学模拟预测）This story happened during our trip to the US in 2013. My husband and I decided on visiting Cape Cod, a beautiful sea resort（旅游胜地）, which was about three hours’ drive from the city of Boston. We had a great time in Cape Cod and returned to Boston at six in the evening. My husband has a very good memory and a good sense of direction, so I blindly followed him, without knowing where we were heading to. And then, however, we found that we got lost. Having no other option, we turned to a young American guy. On hearing our problem, he took us to the station, which was a few blocks away.

       On reaching there, we wanted to buy the tickets of the train by using the dollar coins but the machine didn’t work. A young woman who was standing near the machine told us that the machine was out of order. On hearing this, the young American guy, even without thinking for a moment, took out his credit card（信用卡）and bought the tickets for us. “Here you go,” said he, with a smile and handed over the tickets to us. We wanted to give him the ticket money, but he refused our offer and we had the feeling that he was not expecting it from us. “No, thanks,” said he and told us to hurry up in order to catch the train which was going to leave in the next few minutes. “Goodbye and have a great day,” said he and waved to us. Deeply moved, we thanked him and shook hands with him.

       On reaching home, we told our family about this and wanted to thank him again through the local newspaper but found that we had forgotten to get his name in a great hurry!

18．Who helped the couple during their return trip?

A．Two girls. B．A young man. C．An old lady. D．An old man.

19．What does the underlined word “option” in paragraph 1 probably mean in Chinese?

A．方向 B．选择 C．爱好 D．朋友

20．Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Cape Cod is three miles from Boston.

B．Cape Cod is a beautiful sea resort in the UK.

C．The couple had a great time in Cape Cod.

D．No one helped the couple when they got lost.

21．Which of the following best describes the young guy?

A．Rich. B．Boring. C．Funny. D．Warm-hearted.

22．What can we know about the couple?

A．They had no money to buy the tickets.

B．A stranger used his credit card to buy them the tickets.

C．They gave the stranger some money to thank him.

D．A local newspaper helped them find out the stranger.

04

（2021·广西河池·模拟预测）短文，根据短文内容，从下面各小题所给的四个备选项中，选出最佳选项。

Three-Two-One, Fire!

At the moment of 9:43 a. m, on Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (卫星发射中心) in Sichuan Province, the last satellite of the third-generation network (第三代导航系统) was sent into space. It is the 55th member in the family of BeiDou. It belongs to China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS北斗卫星导航系统). So far, 59 satellites, including the first four test ones, have been launched from Xichang. With the development of China, we have already owned three other famous satellite launch centers—Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Wenchang.

After a period of tests in space, this new satellite has started to work with other Beidou satellites together. It is designed to work for at least 12 years. So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China’s BDS. It was a new milestone in the nation’s space research work. The launch showed our country has completed our largest space-based system. It’s one of four global navigation networks, including the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.

BDS has been widely used as public resources in our daily life. It has been shared by the whole world. It will offer more services around the world. BDS is the common wealth of the development of human beings.

23．When was the last satellite of the third-generation network (第三代导航系统) sent into space?

A．On May 21st, 2019. B．On June 23rd, 2020.

C．On July 22cd, 2020. D．On September 23rd, 2020.

24．How many members are there in the family of Beidou?

A．50. B．55. C．59. D．114.

25．What does the underlined word “milestone” mean in Chinese?

A．记录 B．事业 C．里程碑 D．起点

26．The global navigation network—GLONASS belongs to _________.

A．China B．the United States C．Russia D．the European Union

27．According to the passage, what can we know?

A．The last satellite of BDS was launched at 9:43 p.m. June 23rd, 2020.

B．The new satellite is designed to work for at most 12 years.

C．BDS is shared only by China as public resources.

D．So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China’s BDS.

05

（2021·四川·成都市树德实验中学三模）

28．How can you find out what’s happening every day at the zoo?

A．Follow zoo news. B．Make a phone call. C．Check out the Calendar of Events.

29．If Mr. and Mrs. Smith together with their 10-year-old son visit Children’s Zoo on Labor Day at 8:30 a.m., how much should they pay?

A．Nothing. B．$8. C．$12.

30．Which of the following is TRUE?

A．The zoo is not open until 9 a.m. on December 24, 2019.

B．Visitors can enjoy all these attractions every day in summer.

C．People can visit the zoo on New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day.

31．The purpose of the passage is to ________.

A．teach us how to run a zoo well

B．provide basic information about a zoo

C．offer us some advice on getting along with animals

32．Where would you probably read this passage?

A．On a website. B．In a school report. C．In a science magazine.