中考二轮英语专项练 专题25 短文填空

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中考英语总复习方法指导中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。中考总复习一般分为三轮：1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。 专题25 短文填空【要点提炼】考点扫描短文填空题的考查方式，是给出一段200个词语左右的短文，在短文中留出十个空，给出首字母；或者是给出十二个词，从中选出十个。大家要通读短文，掌握大意，然后补全短文，每空一词。中考英语试卷中，短文题材非常广泛，可以是科普文、故事、体育甚至文化习俗等，不过，所选的文章，一般都是大家比较熟悉的材料。这是一种短文性很强且难度较大的题型。考查的是大家对短文上下文的理解能力、对单词词组句型的运用能力，以及对全文逻辑推理的能力。短文填空做题技巧与策略一、设题规律短文填空摆脱了传统的“语法知识型”的模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。二、答题策略及技巧 消除畏惧心理，树立必胜的信心 要说的是，技巧并不是万能的，心态才最重要，顺序也同样重要，我们要做到以下几点： ① 做到不急不躁，克服畏难情绪 与中考英语试卷中的其他题目相比，短文空题的篇幅相对较长。面对短文中的10个空，大家很容易产生焦躁、压抑等负性情绪。事实上，这种情绪状态不利于大家精准判断短文填空题的考察要求，进而引发错误问题。 ② 避免跳跃，按部就班答好卷 短文填空的10道问题，难度是不同的。粗读全文过程中，某些急躁的同学很容易急着选出答案。事实上这种跳跃答题方式，会严重干扰其整体解题思路，因此呢，在答题过程必须纵观全文通篇考虑，才能保证正确率。 ③ 先易后难，合理安排答题顺序. 动笔答题时，要注意遵循先易后难的顺序，这样比较合理。应注意，要从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，然后再作出猜测。 ④ 联系上下文如果某问题选项，从语法角度无法确定，就必须从语篇（前面的提示、或后面的暗示）意义上进行鉴别，全力调动自己的生活常识，或者文化背景知识，筛选正确答案。明白做题的步骤① 跳过空格速读全文，把握文章的大意短文填空题的正确答题流程，应该是这样的：先粗读全文、再细读全文，完成10道题目，作答、复读、检查。注意：粗读阶段，应学会排除题中空格干扰，直接获取整篇主要信息，以便后续作答环节，利用整篇文章的主旨辨别错误选项。② 细读全文瞻前顾后，之后再各个击破在细读阶段，大家首先应从语法角度直接对题目进行判断。若无法确定答案，则应联系该空格的前后文，获得该题目的提示信息，完成作答。短文填空题的解答呢，最好按前后顺序完成，当后部题目的解答面临困扰时，可再次精读前文，寻找线索，最终正确作答。做题时，必须掌握以下方法：① 词汇复现法在这个问题中，问题的前文文分别出现 artist、 music 等两个具有相同语义的词汇。因此，大家可采用词汇复现法分析它，题目的正确答案，应该是表示乐器或演奏的单词或短语、句子。② 固定搭配法在动词词组的考察中，英语试卷中常常会通过空缺介词的方式，考察大家对固定搭配的掌握水平。③ 语法分析法 考生在做题时，需要通过语法分析法判断空缺处的单词。三、针对不同考点采取不同的解题策略考点一：英语首字母填空1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。要注意上、下文的关系，把握文章的整体意义。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避，待理解全文后再找解决方法。有些短文填空题，出现约 3%~5% 的生词很正常，要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。考点二：选词填空该题型是初中英语的一个重要题型，它集词的用法与搭配、词语辨析、语法、单句理解等考查于一体，既考查了考生的语言知识水平，又检测了考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。1. 在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性做简单的标记，例如：名词、动词、形容词、副词等等，同时对词义作初步的理解。2. 仔细阅读句子，充分理解句子的意思，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3. 在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-to do，现在分词-doing，过去分词-done，固定搭配enjoy doing sth./ used to do sth./ have sth. done…)；形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词也需考虑，例如：more interesting/the most interesting，happy-happily/happiness；填入代词时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数的用法。考点三 :自由填空该短文填空题型相关短文的话题一般是一个学生们都非常熟悉的话题，相对比较容易理解，难度不大。题型根据文意在空格填写适当的单词，题目中没有给出关于单词的任何提示，学生们只能通过上下文的意思进行猜测，还需要注意单词的适当形式。做题时，应先通读短文，将空格隔过去，了解文章的大概意思；然后再确切理解每句话想要表达的内容，填写适当的单词。句子的结构、固定短语等，也是解题的关键。考点四 ：杂糅性填空 首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答．对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配．本文主要考查了动词、名词、形容词、副词、等实词，需要考生弄懂上下文的语境．考点五 ：提示词填空本题为短文填空，首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的汉语提示填写出合适的词语。短文填空，要求根据句意结构和单词提示填空，使句意通顺，文意连贯。主要考查单词形式，包括名词的单复数和所有格、动词的三单形式、非谓语动词、基数词或序数词，主格代词/宾格代词和物主代词（形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词）等。这类题目难度不大，重点是掌握句意，在理解的基础上把握句子时态，从而判断所给单词的正确形式。 【专题真题训练】 考点1首字母填空Passage 1（江苏省南京市）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为（1）-（10）的相应位置上。Chinese writing is one of the world's greatest writing systems． It is more w（1）　   　 in use than alphabetic（字母的） writing systems． More than half of the world's books are written in Chinese， including historical writings and novels， along with writings on government and law．At the beginning， written Chinese was a picture﹣based 1 （2）　   　． It dates back several thousand years to the u（3）　se　of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved （刻） by ancient Chinese people．Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in t （4）　   　hanzi．By the Shang Dynasty， these symbols had become a well﹣developed writing system， Over the years， the system developed into different forms， as it was a time when people were d（5）　   　geographically， leading to different dialects（ 方言） and characters． This， however， c（6）　   　under Emperor Qishihuang of the Qin Dynasty．Emperor Qinshihuang united（统一）the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction． That writing system was of great i（7）　   　in uniting the Chinese people and culture． Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak， they can all still c（8）　ommunicate　in writing． Written Chinese has also become an important method to c （9）　    　China's present with its past． People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times．Today， Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture， As China plays a g（10）　   　role in the world， an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate（ 欣赏） China's culture through this amazing language． Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it goes．Passage 2（湖北省咸宁市）阅读下面短文, 在空白处写出适当的单词，单词首字母已给出。[有的词请注意词形的变化！] Confucius is the greatest teacher in Chinese history. He was born on S___41___28th. 511B.C. in the Kingdom of Lu. in today’s Shandong Province. When he was young, he and his mother had a hard l____42____. At the age of fifteen, he began to learn music, and he did well in it. Then he went on  l___43___other subjects. When he was thirty, he b___44___a teacher. He started his own school. He believed everyone should have a chance to get education whether they were r___45___or poor. He had about, 3,000 s___46___and many of them became famous.Chinese see Confucius as the greatest thinker w___47___had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior. And he is also regarded a___48___the greatest teacher. His most important ideas are about kindness and g___49___manners. He said young people should t____50____care of the old. People should not only always think of themselves, but work for o____51____. His ideas are around in people’s everyday life. Today people can still hear the ideas, and they even go far into east a____52____south Asia.考点2选词填空Passage 1（广西北部湾经济区）根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，并将单词填写在答题卡对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次，每空一词。try   back     killed    government     bestmuch   danger   millions   from   causeAs you may know, coral(珊瑚) Is not a plant, but an animal. However, coral reefs(珊瑚礁)around the world are in ___56___. Here is a piece of bad news. Thailand will close one of its beaches to protect its coral ___57___ business activities for tourists. The beach is so famous that ___58___of tourists put it on their wish lists. More than 5,000 visitors visit it a day. They arrive by boat. This does ___59___harm to the coral reefs. Most of the coral has died. The beach will be closed between June and September to let the coral come ___60___to life.Experts(专家)say that 80% of Thailand's coral reefs have been___61___Too many tourists___62___ a lot of pollution to these beaches. An expert said the biggest problems were hotels by the beaches, boats, and plastic waste in the sea. He believed the___63___choice was to close the beaches forever. He said, "I hope the___64___can take steps to protect the coral reefs. At the same time, I also hope all of us should ___65___our best to protect the environment around us.”Passage 2（广元）阅读短文，再从方框内选择恰当的单词，并用其适当的形式填空。请将正确答案填写在答题卡上的相应位置。share   harm  sad  inIn recent years, many people think happiness is the most important thing, but facing ____76____ bravely may be more helpful. Some researchers in the University of Melbourne say that society is trying to avoid unhappy things. It will be____77____ to people’s health. One researcher says happy people may not be happy in their mind. These people hide unhappy things ___78___ their hearts. After a long time, this mood will be bad for mental and physical heath.How do we keep really happy? We should keep humorous, have lots of hobbies, be kind and ___79___ our fun with others more. If we are sad, we should tell others or cry loud. If we are happy, we should be really happy.考点3自由填空Passage 1（广东省）请用适当的词完成下面的短文,并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 Last winter holiday,I visited a village with only 11 houses. __71__ the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it. The village became popular because __72__ Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years __73__, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of __74__ own house and other houses. He painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of __75 __, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He and my __76__ singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to __77__ a photo of that painting and me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted __78__ lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy __79__. I really had a good time in the village __80__ wished to visit it again. Passage 2（重庆市A卷）I recently turned 30. Thinking back what I’ve experienced, I took some time to write myself some advice.TrustEven if it kills your relationship. Even if you lose your friends. Even if it means you end up getting hurt. __74__ people even if they give you a reason not to.But don’t be too naive(幼稚). Some people are out to hurt you.PeoplePeople are the best and __75__ thing that will happen to you. Some will help you go further and faster. Others will pull you down to their level and make you lose.Most are OK. Many are average. Some are excellent. You don’t need a lot of people or friends around you. You need amazing people who help you just __76__ you help them. Only a few people will change your life forever. Find __77__.Value timeDon’t waste time on people who cheat you.Value other people’s __78__. Don’t be late. That means that if you’re late, you don’t care about them or their time. And that also means you think you’re worth more and therefore(因此) keep them __79__. Some people will tell you that it’s OK to be late. It’s not.Fail Fail. Fail a lot. Fail often. Fail in making friends. Fail in work. __80__ please don’t lose your heart! Learn a lesson.If you don’t learn something when you fail, then all you’ve done is failed. If you learn something, then you’ve grown. Every time you grow and fail and learn, you become better at finding out the way to __81__.考点4杂糅型填空Passage 1（黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市）阅读短文，根据首字母或所给词的适当形式墳空，使文章语意通顺。Do you think childhood is the most beautiful time in your life? maybe not. nowadays, Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays. Some students are learning exam skills, o_____61_____ are taking up hobbies to develop themselves.The Lins are a typical Chinese family Life for Mrs. Lin’s two children is very busy. “On most days after school,” She says, “I take my son to basketball _____62_____ (train) and my daughter to dancing and piano lessons. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s f_____63_____. I really want them to have dinner _____64_____ (quick) and then it’s time for their homework.Han Yue, a mother of three knows all about such stress. In some families, competition starts very young and it will c_____65_____ until the kids get older, she says. Parents worry if they don’t send their small kids to all k_____66_____ of classes, their children will fail at the first beginning. And they are always comparing them w_____67_____ other children. It’s crazy. I don’t think that’s fair. Why don’t they just let their kids be kids? People shouldn’t push their kids so hard.”Doctors say too much stress is not good for children’s  _____68_____ (develop ). Dr. Luo says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. Kids should have time _____69_____ (relax) and think for themselves, too. Although it’s normal to want _____70_____ (success)children, it’s even more important to have happy children.Passage 2（天水市）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。We can’t remember clearly when we started to take our mobiles to the dinner table. This often happens, ___81___(especial) when we eat out. Once a dish comes,___82___of lifting our chopsticks, we take out our mobiles and click, Later, we post the photos onto weibo or WeChat, waiting to be “liked”. Then we check our mobiles from time to time during the meal to see whether we get “liked”___83___not, We just cannot leave our mobiles for only a meal.Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when others do that while having dinner with you?A recent study suggests that what we are used to___84___(do) is not so good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant. To test this, some researchers did an experiment. Some people were___85___(ask) to take photos before they could enjoy food. As a___86___, it showed that the___87___(many)photos they took, the less delicious the food___88___ to them. Why not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food in front of you?So, next time you go out to have dinner with your family or friends, how about not___89___ (take) photos of food? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life___90___people around you. Trust me, it will be a wonderful time.考点5提示词填空Passage 1（山东省聊城市）阅读下面短文, 在空白处按要求填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空1个单词。Dear Ms. Zhang, Last week, my friend Liu Lei came round with a new computer game and asked to play it on my dad's computer. I was worried, ___31___(连词) I should ask my dad before I use his computer. He uses it for ___32___(he) work, and I can only use it for my homework. The reason is that he thinks something will go wrong if I play___33___(game) on it. Well, while my dad was out, we decided to___34___(try) out Liu Lei's game. We copied it to the computer, and after we finished ___35___(play), we took it off the computer. However, when I___36___(start) the computer again to check if everything was OK, some of my dad's documents were missing. Then, when my dad used the computer last night, he was ___37___(real) angry. He could no longer find the important documents anywhere. I did not tell him about___38___(冠词) computer game because I did not want him to be angry___39___(介词) me. Now I feel terrible. I am not sure whether a computer repair ___40___(shop) can get the documents back. Should I tell him about the computer game? Should I pay to repair it? Your student,Feng GuoxingPassage 2（山东省威海市）用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。Mr Lee, the head teacher of Starlight School, ___34___（write）an email to all the teachers and students. Dear teachers and students, We are almost at the end of the second term. It ___35___（be）a busy term and you all deserve（应得）a break. But there is still plenty happening at school. Please read the following. Classroom change We are fixing the windows in Classroom 6. The work ___36___（expect）to take a couple of weeks. In the meantime, all lessons which were in Classroom 6 are now in Classroom 15. Library Please ___37___（return）all the books and DVDs you've borrowed from the school library before the end of term. You cannot borrow any books during the holiday, but you can read them in the library. School play This year, the school play is Snowy Days. Students can buy tickets from the entrance of the school. Friends and family are welcome. Pets aren't allowed. If you like, you can hand in your play and we ___38___（take）a look. If it is good enough, you can act it out. School trip Mr Williams ___39___（plan）an exciting school trip. Forty students from Year 7 and 8 will go to South America ___40___（visit）a school. The school is on top of a mountain. They will make new friends, and learn about new cultures. If you are interested, talk to your teacher before the end of next week. I do hope that all of you have a good break. Remember ___41___（bring）your sports clothes with you at the beginning of next term. Best wishes Jack Lee, Head teacher