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河南省郑州励德双语学校2022-2023学年高一下学期第一次月考英语试题
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这是一份河南省郑州励德双语学校2022-2023学年高一下学期第一次月考英语试题，文件包含高一英语docx、高一英语听力mp3等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共17页， 欢迎下载使用。
郑州励德双语学校 2022-2023 学年下期月考
高一英语试题
(时间 120 分钟,共 150 分)
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，
并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman mean?
A. She’ll lend a pencil to the man.
B. The man doesn’t know what to write. C. Everything goes well.
2. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Doctor and nurse. B. Mother and son. C. Teacher and student.
3. How will the woman feel?
A. Pleased. B. Disappointed C. Nervous.
4. What is the woman going to do? A. Ask Tom to send an invitation. B. Invite Tom to the party.
C. Get the Johnsons’ address.
5. What’s the man going to do? A. Run to the train station.
B. Try to catch the next bus. C. Wait for another bus.
第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6~8 小题。
6. Why is the man surprised?
A. The articles he wants to borrow is sold out.
B. The articles he wants to borrow are checked out.
C. No one likes to read the articles on archaeology of Egypt.
7. Are there other students waiting there?
A. No, there is only one.
B. Yes, there is another boy waiting there.
C. Yes, there is a girl waiting there.
8. What was the woman’s suggestion?
A. The man had to wait till the next day. B. The woman will help him.
C. The man should borrow some from others.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 9~11 小题。
9. What does the woman want to buy?
A. A sweater. B. A T-shirt. C. A shirt.
10. How much is the first one the man showed her?
A. 40 B. 30 C. 17.66
11. Which one does the woman take?
A. The cheaper one. B. The expensive one. C. None.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 12~14 小题。
12. When does this conversation happen?
A. In the morning. B. At lunch time. C. In the afternoon.
13. Who is the man speaking to?
A. A doctor. B. A manager. C. An assistant.
14. What’s the man’s problem?
A. Something is stuck in his ear. B. His ears are ringing.
C. He’s in serious pain.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 15~17 小题。
15. At what time can the woman get to Paris if she takes the early plane?
A. At 9:00. B. About 10:00. C. At 12:00
16. How long does the journey to Paris take?
A. An hour. B. Ten minutes. C. An hour and ten minutes.
17. How much does it cost the woman to book five tickets ?
A. $236. B. $59. C.$295.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 18~20 小题。
18. Why did his parents buy John a computer?
A. He won a silver medal in 200 meter race. B. He won a silver medal in 800 meter race. C. He won a silver medal in 400 meter race.
19. What would happen when John was late for the school bus?
A. He would quickly run to school.
B. He would stay away from school for the day. C. He would be late for school.
20. Why do you think John was happy in the end?
A. His mother showed him her love and respect for him. B. His mother helped to save his face.
C. He could still watch TV late at night.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 阅读理解（共15 小题：每小题2.5 分，满分37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 A、B、C、 D 中，选出最佳选项。
A
These are four famous tourist attractions around the world.
The Forbidden City
The Forbidden City in Beijing, China, was completed in 1420 during the early Ming Dynasty. It is
the largest ancient palatial(宫殿似的)building in the world and it’s open to tourists to allow them to have a look at ancient Chinese architecture.
Niagara Falls State Park
When you arrive at Niagara Falls State Park, you’ll explore the Cave of the Winds to have an
up-close look at the falls. The Cave of the Winds is a self-guided tour, which means you can spend as much time as you would like. There is no need to make a reservation(预订).The Cave of the Winds closes during winter, so make sure it’s open before visiting.
The Little Mermaid
The Little Mermaid is a statue(雕像) in Copenhagen, Denmark. It sits on a rock in the harbor(海港). It came from a performance of a ballet based on the fairy story The Little Mermaid by Hans Christian Andersen. It was shown to the public on 23 August, 1913. And there are many tourists taking photos with
the Little Mermaid every year.
The Taj Mahal
As one of the Seven Wonders of the World, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of India. It is considered as the finest example of Mughal architecture, a mix of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles.
21．What can you do when visiting the Little Mermaid?
A．Listen to a fairy story. B．Attend a performance.
C．Take a picture with the statue. D．Meet Hans Christian Andersen.
22．Which place will you choose if you are interested in India’s historic buildings? A．The Taj Mahal. B．The Cave of the Winds. C．Niagara Falls State Park. D．The Little Mermaid.
23．What should you do before visiting the Cave of the Winds?
A．Book in advance. B．Find a tour guide. C．Learn about its history. D．Check the opening time
B
The British are known for their sense of humour. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The reason is that the British often use understatement.
Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It’ a little damp (潮湿的) outside.” Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn’t exactly friendly.” Understatement is often
used in an unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humour.
Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to their everyday life
when someone accidentally falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way
they behave. What’s more, the British love to watch comedies (喜剧) about people who do not know how
to behave in society. The comedy series Mr. Bean is a good example of this kind of humour.
Mr Bean doesn’t talk often, and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr. Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour. Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humour.
24．Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes?
A．The British often enlarge the fact.
B．British jokes are connected with many different cultures. C．British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries. D．The British usually use understatement.
25．The author explains understatement by .
A．describing a process B．making comparisons
C．following the time order D．using examples
26．Mr Bean makes people laugh by .
A．using his body movements and facial expressions B．making jokes about others’ accent
C．copying how others behave D．telling funny stories
27．What can be the best title for the text?
A．British humour in comedy B．Humour in different cultures
C．Understanding British humour D．Developing your sense of humour
C
We can video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of Everest. But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne devices(设备) has long been a frustration(阻碍) for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar (声呐) signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of the
water rather than reaching the air.
Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential(潜力) to revolutionize
underwater communication. “What we’ve shown is that it’s actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air,” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MJT’s Media Lab, who led the research. The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface,
making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and
decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. It has any number of potential real-world uses, Adib says. It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane’s black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.
Right now the technology is low-resolution (低分辨率). The initial study was conducted in the MIT
swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions—high waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction— air to water.
If the technology proves successful in real-world conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.
28．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?
A．The future of video chat underwater and in air. B．The difficulty of communication from water to air. C．The frustrations of developing underwater devices.
D．The current situation of communicating with a submarine.
29．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?
A．Convenient. B．Changeable. C．Achievable. D．Alternative(可替代的).
30．What do we know about TARF?
A．It is widely used to find downed planes.
B．It can work well at great depths underwater. C．It is an underwater machine that sends signals.
D．It can send, receive and read signals from underwater.
31．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Real-world Uses of Sonar Technology.
B．Full Air-to-water Communication Closer to Reality. C．TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication.
D．A Breakthrough in the Application of Submarines.
D
Have you ever wondered what the food you eat every day can tell you about where you come from? Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world eat different types of food? There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.
On an individual level we grow up eating the food of our cultures. It becomes a part of who we are. Many of us relate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. When I was sick as a kid, my mother would cook soup and bring it to bed for me. The smell and taste of the soup became something very familiar to me. Now, whenever I feel tired or stressed, I feel hungry for that soup.
On a larger scale, food is an important part of culture. Traditional cuisine(烹饪) is passed down from
one generation to the next. It also operates as an expression of cultural identity. Immigrants bring the food of their countries with them wherever they go and cooking traditional food is a way of preserving their culture when they move to new places.
The food does not remain exactly the same. What stays the same is the extent to which each country or community’s unique cuisine can reflect its unique history lifestyle, values, and beliefs.
In China, harmony is a vital trait in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavor is used in a balanced way, creating delicious dishes with flavors that go well
together. Historically Chinese people have an ornate(华美的)style, which can be seen in their architecture
and costumes, as well as in their food. They believe that food not only needs to be nutritious(有营养的) but also needs to look appealing, so they put a lot of effort into decorating the dishes and making them look colorful.
As the world becomes more globalized, it’s easier to access cuisines from different cultures. It’s important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture it belongs to, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is an entrance to culture, and it should be treated as such.
32．What does the author want to express in Paragraph 1?
A．Traditions on culture B．Difficulties in cooking food
C．Concerns about food and culture D．Connections between food and culture
33．Why does the author feel hungry for the soup his mother cooked?
A．He feels terribly homesick. B．It is nutritious and inviting.
C．He is too weak to feed himself. D．It has become a comfort food for him.
34．What does the author say about Chinese cuisine?
A．It has an unbalanced flavor. B．It features unnecessary decoration.
C．It reflects Chinese people’s values. D．It is closely related to Chinese architecture.
35．What would be the best title for the text?
A．You are what you eat B．Food culture and globalization C．What food tells us about culture D．How food culture impacts our health 第二节 （共5 小题，每小题2.5 分，满分12.5 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。
Maybe you plan to ring in 2023 with a new resolve to lose weight, exercise more, not sweat the small stuff. And maybe these resolutions sound familiar — maybe just like the ones you made a year ago! So how can you ensure that your determination to get healthier in 2023 sticks? 36
Dream big. Want to compete in a marathon or triathlon? Lose 50 pounds or just enough to fit into clothes you once loved? With perseverance (毅力), encouragement, and support, you can do it.
37 Many will cheer you on. Some will be happy to help in practical ways, such as by training with you or taking on tasks you normally handle in order to free up your time.
38 Any time you fail to make a change, consider it a step toward your goal. Why? Because each sincere attempt represents a lesson learned. When you hit a snag (碰钉子), take a moment to think about what did and didn’t work. Maybe you took on too big a challenge? 39
Give thanks for what you do. Set your sights on finishing that marathon, not on running it. If you compete to complete, you’ll be a winner even if you wind up walking as much as you run. With exercise and so many other goals we set — you’ll benefit even when doing less than you’d like to do.
40 If your goal for Tuesday is a 30-minute workout at the gym, but you only squeeze (挤出) in
10 minutes, feel grateful for that. It’s enough. Maybe tomorrow will be better. A．Learn from the failures.
B．Avoid repeating past failures.
C．Any activity is always better than none.
D．An ambitious aim often inspires others to help you.
E．Try the following tips to help you create long-lasting change.
F．Having a solid system can help you stay motivated and accountable.
G．If so, change into a less ambitious(有野心的) challenge, or break the big one into tinier steps.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 完形填空 (共 15 小题；每小题1 分，满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。
Most Africans are poor, not because they are really poor, but because 41 decides to describe them as such.
My 95-year-old grandfather is “poor”, too. He certainly lives on “less than a dollar a day”. But during all his past time, he has never been 42_ anything, and not begged. He was only in school for a year
in the 1930s and learned to read and write. This is 4 3 he is living.
My grandfather usually goes to pick up bananas for his dinner on his farm when he wants 44_ . There are other fruits and all kinds of vegetables. 365 days a year, he raises tens of cows that 45_
him with milk every day. He also has about 20 goats. In Uganda (乌干达), goat milk is generally not
considered 46 , possibly due to too much cow milk that tastes good, so we never milk goats. He would 47 a couple of them to get enough money to send his children to school. He also kept a few chicks 48 a hobby.
His farm produces more than he can use. He sells some of them to buy something 49 for life. He has eleven children, and my mother was his first kid. He sent 50 of them to school, and saw eight of them through college. He sold at least two cows, some goats and something else each school term to send his every child to school.
He has never 51 food and daily things. He has been like this for the past 75 years.
Why the long story? My grandfather is 52 poor, just like millions of other Africans. He holds almost no money with him, and in fact he 53_ needs it. He produces most of what he needs. But using the Standard World Bank, my grandfather is really poor.
But what’s the 54_ ? I live in the city and can earn about 12,000 dollars a year after tax, which is a high salary in Uganda. But I can hardly support my family as 55 and comfortably as my grandfather. So what on earth is poor?
41．A．something B．someone C．anything D．anyone
42．A．interested in B．proud of C．good at D．short of
43．A．why B．what C．how D．where
44．A．food B．speed C．money D．ability
45．A．allow B．require C．provide D．offer
46．A．special B．healthy C．expensive D．delicious
47．A．buy B．sell C．steal D．keep
48．A．than B．through C．by D．as
49．A．proud B．popular C．creative D．necessary
50．A．all B．most C．some D．none
51．A．sent out B．ended up C．worried about D．depended on
52．A．found B．proved C．considered D．suggested
53．A．just B．nearly C．usually D．seldom
54．A．truth B．secret C．reason D．method
55．A．wisely B．easily C．quickly D．heavily
第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下列材料，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或
使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
You already know the fact that regular exercise is important for controlling weight and 56 (avoid)a variety of health conditions. But it can also improve your academic 5 7_ (perform). And. if you’re a distance learning student, you may miss out on some of the opportunities for physical activity afforded to more traditional students who routinely walk around campus. But it’s well worth the effort
58 (put) the schedule exercise into practice.
The study, which 59_ (publish) in the Journal of Medicine & Science, describes physical activity as 60 vigorous movement that produces sweat and heavy breathing. Mike McKenzie found that students who studied over three hours per day were 3. 5 times 61 (likely) to be exercisers. Over a decade ago, McKenzie 62 (say) researchers discovered a link 63 exercise and focus in children.
More recently, another study by Johnson reveals that even short ”microbursts“ of physical activity throughout the day can have positive effects. Jennifer tells that sitting for long periods of time,
64 college students tend to do, can have a negative health effect. In addition, the study found that five-minute bouts of walking every hour had a positive impact on mood, tiredness, and hunger at the end
of a day. This may be 65 (particular)beneficial to students who also work a full-time job and study in the evening and nighttime hours.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分15 分） 体育运动是校园生活中的重要元素，很多同学都有自己最喜欢的运动员，因此，你校英 文报
开设了一个“我最喜欢的体育运动员”专栏。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，介绍你最喜爱的体育运动 员，要点如下：
1. 该运动员的基本信息以及运动成就；
2. 你喜欢他/她的理由。 注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右，题目已拟好, 不计入总词数；
2. 可以适当増加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Favorite Sports Player
Just go ahead, the bridge won’t shake!” Daddy said behind Dudu. Dudu continued to go ahead. “Ha-ha! It’s true! The bridge really doesn’t shake anymore!” Dudu cried happily, going faster.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，可适当补充细节，使情节完整；
3.每段的开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Paragraph 1:
When Dudu went to the middle of the bridge, the bridge seemed to be broken.
Paragraph 2:
Dudu and his families climbed up to the top of the mountain.
第二节 读后续写（满分 25 分）
One day, Daddy Bear suggested having a really wild camping. “What is a really wild camping? Is it an adventure?” wondered Dudu. “Yes! Everything in the city is too comfortable; we need to go to wild to have an experience!” replied Daddy Bear.
“Can I play with my toy cars there? And can I watch cartoon there?” Dudu was a little worried. “There are more interesting things there! We can bathe in the clear pool, taste delicious wild fruits, fish by the clear lake and fall asleep in the quiet night.” Daddy described it in excitement. “It’s wonderful!” Dudu was deeply attracted to the description. “But maybe it’s dangerous!” Mama Bear worried. “Mummy always worries so much! I want to be an explorer this time!” Dudu thought.
Dudu and his families started off. First, they needed to cross a single-log (独木的) bridge. This
single-log bridge was the only way to the forest. Seeing the rushed water under the single-log bridge, Dudu had a little regret(后悔) to come here with Daddy Bear. “Don’t be afraid!” encouraged Daddy Bear. “Just go ahead, don’t look at the river!”
Dudu tried to toe (用脚尖走) on the bridge, and the bridge started to shake(摇晃). Dudu was so
scared (害怕的) that he kept his body unmoved. “The bridge frightens(惊吓) you on purpose(故意地)!
参考答案
听力：1~5.ABBCB 6~10.BCACB 11~15.ACCBA 16~20.CCBBA
阅读理解
阅读A : 21．C 22．A 23．D
阅读B: 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．C
阅读C: 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．C
阅读D: 32．D 33．D 34．C 35．C
七选五：36．E 37．D 38．A 39．G 40．C
完形填空：
41．B 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．C 46．D 47．B 48．D 49．D 50．A 51．C 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．B
答案详解：
阅读A : 21．C 22．A 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是世界上的四个著名的旅游景点。
1．细节理解题。根据The Little Mermaid部分的“The Little Mermaid is a statue(雕像) in Copenhagen, Denmark.(小美人鱼是丹麦哥本哈根的雕像。)”以及“And there are many tourists taking photos with the Little Mermaid every year.(每年都有很多游客与小美人鱼合影留念。)”可知，很多人每年与小美人鱼雕像拍照，所以参观小美人鱼时可以与雕像拍照。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据The Taj Mahal部分的“It is considered as the finest example of Mughal architecture, a mix of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles.(它被认为是Mughal建筑的最佳典范，融合了印度，波斯和伊斯兰风格。)”可知，泰姬陵是Mughal建筑的最佳典范，融合了印度，波斯和伊斯兰风格，所以如果对印度的历史建筑感兴趣，可以去泰姬陵。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据Niagara Falls State Park部分的“The Cave of the Winds closes during winter, so make sure it’s open before visiting.( The Cave of the Winds在冬季关闭，因此请确保在参观前开放。)”可知，在去The Cave of the Winds之前要确保开放，也就是去之前核实一下开放时间。故选D项。
阅读B: 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了理解英国人幽默，其关键点是轻描淡写和喜欢开自己和他人的玩笑。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段二三句“However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The reason is that the British often use understatement. (然而，外国人往往很难理解他们的笑话。原因是英国人经常使用轻描淡写的手法。)”可知，外国人不太理解英国笑话的原因在于他们使用轻描淡写的手法。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中二三句“For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It’ a little damp (潮湿的) outside.” Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn’t exactly friendly.” (例如，如果某人在一场大雨中淋湿了，他可能会说：‘外面有点潮湿。’或者，如果某人非常不礼貌，对另一个人大喊大叫，其他人可能会说，‘她不太友好。’)”可知，作者通过举例来解释“轻描淡写的手法”。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Mr Bean doesn’t talk often, and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh. (憨豆先生不经常说话，而是用身体动作和面部表情来逗人发笑。)”可知，憨豆先生用自己的身体动作和面部表情让人们笑。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The British are known for their sense of humour. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The reason is that the British often use understatement. (英国人以幽默感著称。然而，外国人往往很难理解他们的笑话。原因是英国人经常使用轻描淡写的说法。)”可知，本文主要介绍英国式幽默，以及如何理解他们难懂的幽默笑话。故选C项。
阅读C:8．B 9．C 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。水下与陆地上的通信在之前是无法实现的，麻省理工学院的研究人员设计了一个系统TARF，使水中与外界的沟通成为可能。文章介绍了这个通信系统，及研究团队未来的研究方向。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段第二、三句“But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy.The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne devices has long been a frustration for scientists (但与潜艇或潜水员沟通并不是那么容易。长期以来，缺乏在水下和空中设备之间共享数据的实用方法一直是科学家们的一大难题。)”可知，从水里向空中传递信息，进行交流是很困难的，困扰着科学家们，故第一段主要介绍从水中向空气中传递信息的困难。故选B项。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Now,researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. (现在，麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种有可能彻底改变水下通信的方法)”可知，一种有可能彻底改变水下通信的方法已经被开发，因此海底与外界的沟通实际上可行了，所以feasible的意思是“可行的、办得到的”，与Achievable意思相近。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. (可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员设计了一个系统，该系统使用水下机器向地面发送声呐信号，使震动对应于数据l和0。 然后，表面接收器读取并解码这些微小的振动。研究人员将系统称为TARF。)”可知，TARF系统可以从水下发送信号、接收和读取水下发送来的信号。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne devices has long been a frustration for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar (声呐) signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of the water rather than reaching the air. (长期以来，缺乏在水下和空中设备之间共享数据的实用方法一直是科学家们的一大难题。这一困难源于无线电信号在空气中运行良好，但在水中却很差。水下传感器使用的声呐信号在水面折射，而不是到达空气。)”，以及第二段第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. (现在，麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种有可能彻底改变水下通信的方法)”可知，本文介绍的是水下与陆地上的通信在以前是无法实现的，但随着科技的进步，这一通讯逐渐能够变为现实。为突出本文介绍的TARF系统的潜在功能，使用C选项更合适，更能吸引读者的阅读兴趣。故选C项。B选项中“Full Air-to-water Communication”空中到水下的全面接连，在文中无法提现，Full一词夸大了介绍的内容。故选C。
阅读D:12．D 13．D 14．C 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了食物和文化之间的联系。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.(食物和文化之间的联系比你想象的要多。)”可知，第一段要表达的内容是食物和文化之间有着密切的关系。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“ When I was sick as a kid, my mother would cook soup and bring it to bed for me. The smell and taste of the soup became something very familiar to me. Now, whenever I feel tired or stressed, I feel hungry for that soup.(我小时候生病时，妈妈会煮汤端到床上给我喝。汤的气味和味道对我来说变得非常熟悉。现在，每当我感到疲劳或有压力时，我就会想喝汤。)”可知，因为作者小时候生病时，作者的妈妈会煮汤给作者喝，所以对他来说，这已经成为一种安慰的食物。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In China, harmony is a vital trait in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavor is used in a balanced way, creating delicious dishes with flavors that go well together. (在中国，和谐几乎体现在生活的方方面面。这反映在中国烹饪中，几乎每一种味道都被平衡地使用，创造出美味的菜肴，这些味道很好地搭配在一起。)”可知，中国的美食体现了中国的文化价值。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述的是食物和文化之间的密切联系，即不同的文化孕育着不同的食物，不同的食物反映着不同的文化。故选C。
七选五：16．E 17．D 18．A 19．G 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种想要在2023年变得健康并决心坚持下去的方法。
16．根据上文“So how can you ensure that your determination to get healthier in 2023 sticks?(那么，如何确保你在2023年变得更健康的决心能坚持下去呢?)”可知，文章旨在介绍几种在2023年想要变得健康并决心坚持下去的方法。由此可知，E.Try the following tips to help you create long-lasting change.(试试下面的建议，帮助你创造持久的改变)位于第一段末起到了承上启下的作用。故选E项。
17．根据此空前一句“With perseverance, encouragement, and support, you can do it.(只要有毅力、鼓励和支持，你就能做到)”及下文“Many will cheer you on.Some will be happy to help in practical ways, such as by training with you or taking on tasks you normally handle in order to free up your time.(许多人会为你加油。有些人会很乐意以实际的方式提供帮助，比如和你一起培训，或者为了腾出你的时间而承担你通常处理的任务)可知，作者在此建议要有大的目标，这样会有很多人会为你加油打气。由此可知，D. An ambitious aim often inspires others around you.(一个雄心勃勃的目标通常会激励你周围的人)符合语境，“An ambitious aim”呼应小标题“Dream big”；“others”呼应下文“Many will cheer you on”。故选D项。
18．此空位于本段小标题的位置，根据本段的下文内容“Any time you fail to make a change, consider it a step toward your goal. Why? Because each sincere attempt represents a lesson learned. When you hit a snag (碰钉子)，take a moment to think about what did and didn’t work.(任何时候你没能做出改变，就把它看作是向你的目标迈进了一步。为什么? 因为每一次真诚的尝试都代表着一个教训。当你遇到困难时，花点时间想想什么有用，什么没用)”可知，本段主要介绍了过去的尝试虽然失败了，但是可以作为一种经验教训，帮助你了解自己制定的决心是否合适。由此可知A.Learn from failures.(从失败中学习)符合语境。故选A项。
19．根据空前一句“Maybe you took on too big a challenge?(也许你接受的挑战太大了?)”可知，失败时，反思是否这个挑战太大了，该段落主要讲失败了要从失败中学习并进行调整。由此可知，G. If so, change into a less ambitious challenge, or break the big one into tinier steps.(如果是这样的话，那就换个不那么有野心的挑战，或者把大的挑战分解成小的步骤)就是针对上一句做出的调整，与前文承接。故选G项。
20．根据本段的小标题“Give thanks for what you do.( 感谢你所做的一切)”和空前一句“With exercise-and so many other goals we set-you’ll benefit even when doing less than you’d like to do.(通过锻炼——以及我们设定的许多其他目标——即使做得比你想做的要少，你也会从中受益)”及下一句“If your goal for Tuesday is a 30-minute workout at the gym，but you only squeeze(挤出)in 10 minutes，feel grateful for that.( 如果你周二的目标是在健身房锻炼30分钟，但你只挤出了10分钟，心存感激吧)”可知，决心运动时，即使没有达到目标，也是很好的。做运动比不做好，C.Any activity is always better than none.(任何活动总比什么都没有做好)符合语境。故选C项。
完形填空：
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．D 29．D 30．A 31．C 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者外祖父的生活，告诉我们：大部分非洲人很穷，不是因为他们真穷，而是他们的生活自给自足，手里没有也不需要那么多钱，所以参照世界银行标准，他们被认为是穷的。
21．考查代词词义辨析。句意：大部分非洲人很穷，不是因为他们真穷，而是因为有人故意把他们说得很穷。A. something某物；B. someone有人；C. anything任何东西；D. anyone任何人。根据上文“Most Africans are poor, not because they are really poor”及下文“decides to describe them as such”可知，此处指有人故意把他们说得很穷。故选B。
22．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但在他过去的所有时间里，他从来没有缺少过什么，也没要过饭。A. interested in感兴趣；B. proud of引以为傲；C. good at擅长；D. short of缺少。根据下文“and not begged.”可知，祖父从来没有缺少过什么。故选D。
23．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是他的生活。A. why为什么，……的原因；B. what什么；C. how如何；D. where (在)……的地方。根据上文“But during all his past time, he has never been ___2___ anything, and not begged. He was only in school for a year in the 1930s and learned to read and write.”可知，此处指这就是祖父怎么生活的，即这就是他的生活。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的祖父需要食物的时候，他通常会去他的农场采摘香蕉作为晚餐。A. food食物；B. speed速度；C. money金钱；D. ability能力。根据上文“My grandfather usually goes to pick up bananas for his dinner on his farm”可知，此处指需要食物的时候，去农场采摘香蕉。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年365天，他养了几十头奶牛，每天为他提供牛奶。A. allow允许；B. require要求；C. provide提供；D. offer报价。固定搭配provide sb. with sth.“给某人提供某物”。故选C。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在乌干达普遍认为羊奶不好喝，可能是因为有太多味道不错的牛奶，所以我们从不挤羊奶。A. special特殊的；B. healthy健康的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. delicious美味的。根据下文“possibly due to too much cow milk that tastes good, so we never milk goats.”可知，在乌干达普遍认为羊奶不好喝，所以不挤羊奶。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会卖掉几只羊来赚足够的钱送他的孩子上学。A. buy购买；B. sell出售；C. steal偷窃；D. keep保持。根据下文“to get enough money to send his children to school”可知，此处指卖掉几只羊来赚足够的钱。故选B。
28．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他还养了几只小鸡作为业余爱好。A. than比；B. through通过；C. by通过；D. as作为。根据空后“hobby”可知，此处指他还养了几只小鸡作为业余爱好。故选D。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他卖掉其中的一些去买生活必需品。A. proud骄傲的；B. popular流行的；C. creative创造性的；D. necessary必需的。根据空后“for life”可知，此处指生活必需品。故选D。
30．考查代词词义辨析。句意：他送所有孩子上学，其中八个上了大学。A. all全部；B. most大多数；C. some一些；D. none全无。根据下文“He sold at least two cows, some goats and something else each school term to send his every child to school.”可知，他送所有孩子都上学了。故选A。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他从来没有担心食品和日常事物。A. sent out发出；B. ended up结束；C. worried about担心；D. depended on依赖。根据上文“But during all his past time, he has never been ___2___ anything, and not begged.”和“His farm produces more than he can use. He sells some of them to buy something ___9___ for life.”可知，他从来没有担心食品和日常事物。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖父被认为是穷人，就像数百万其他非洲人一样。A. found发现；B. proved证明；C. considered认为；D. suggested建议。根据下文“But using the Standard World Bank, my grandfather is really poor.”可知，祖父正如数百万其他非洲人一样被认为很穷。故选C。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他身上几乎没有钱，事实上他也很少需要钱。A. just恰好；B. nearly接近；C. usually通常；D. seldom很少。根据下文“He produces most of what he needs.”可知，事实上祖父很少需要钱。故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但事实是什么呢？A. truth事实；B. secret秘密；C. reason原因；D. method方法。根据下文“I live in the city and can earn about 12,000 dollars a year after tax, which is a high salary in Uganda. But I can hardly support my family as ___15___ and comfortably as my grandfather.”可知，此处指事实是什么。故选A。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是我几乎不能像我的祖父那样轻松舒适地养活我的家庭。A. wisely明智地；B. easily容易地；C. quickly快速地；D. heavily严重地。根据上文可知，祖父从来不担心食品和日常事物，而且还把11个孩子都送去上学，其中8个人上了大学，祖父能够轻松舒适地养活他的家庭。由转折连词But可知，尽管我拿着很高的工资，但是我几乎不能像我的祖父那样轻松舒适地养活我的家庭。故选B。
语法填空
36．avoiding 37．performance 38．to put 39．was published 40．a 41．more likely 42．said 43．between 44．which##as 45．particularly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经常锻炼不但有利于身体健康，而且能促进学生的学业成绩。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：你已经知道这一事实，经常锻炼对控制体重和避免各种健康状况很重要。空处与controlling weight并列，应用动名词形式，作介词for的宾语。故填avoiding。
37．考查名词。句意：但它还可以提高你的学业成绩。空处用于形容词academic之后，应用名词形式performance，表示“成绩”，为不可数名词，作动词improve的宾语。故填performance。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：但将日常锻炼付诸实践是很值得的。分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，空处应用动词不定式形式作真正的主语。故填to put。
39．考查时态语态。句意：这项发表在《医学与科学杂志》上的研究将体育活动描述为一种产生汗液和沉重呼吸的剧烈运动。结合语意可知，“发表”这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，且分析句子结构可知，which引导定语从句，指代先行词the study，publish与主语which之间是被动关系，且the study是单数，be动词应用was。故填was published。
40．考查冠词。句意：这项发表在《医学与科学杂志》上的研究将体育活动描述为一种产生汗液和沉重呼吸的剧烈运动。结合语意可知，此处表示“一种剧烈运动”，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，vigorous是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。
41．考查形容词。句意：迈克·麦肯齐发现，每天学习超过三小时的学生锻炼身体的可能性是平时的3.5倍。根据空前3.5 times以及语意可知，此处表示学习超过三小时的学生更有可能去锻炼身体，空处应用形容词的比较级形式more likely，表示“更有可能的”。故填more likely。
42．考查时态。句意：十多年前，麦肯齐说，研究人员发现了儿童锻炼和注意力之间的联系。根据时间状语Over a decade ago可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词应用过去式形式said。故填said。
43．考查介词。句意：十多年前，麦肯齐说，研究人员发现了儿童锻炼和注意力之间的联系。between...and...为固定搭配，表示“在……和……之间”，所以空处应用介词between，符合题意。故填between。
44．考查定语从句。句意：詹妮弗告诉，大学生倾向于做的事（正如大学生经常做的那样），长时间坐着，会对健康产生负面影响。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词sitting for long periods of time，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句，也可以用关系代词as表示“正如”。故填which/as。
45．考查副词。句意：这可能对从事全职工作并在晚上和夜间学习的学生特别有益。空处修饰形容词beneficial，应用副词形式作状语，particularly是副词，表示“尤其，特别”，符合题意。故填particularly。
书面表达
My Favorite Sports Player
If you ask me about the sports players I admire, Kobe Bryant’s name always tops the list. He played his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, and won 5 NBA championships with Lakers and was the all-time leading scorer in Lakers. Undoubtedly, he is one of the greatest scorers in NBA history.
I have loved Kobe ever since I was 7 years old. I saw him when he strived for the highest standards and made 81 points. I saw him each time he got the MVP award in both the NBA and All-Star games. I saw everything he accomplished as a legend, and my role model in life. His life story will always inspire me to try my best in my study and future career.
【导语】这是一篇开放性作文。要求考生介绍一位自己最喜欢的体育运动员。介绍该运动员的基本信息以及运动成就，以及自己喜欢他/她的理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
毫无疑问：undoubtedly→there is no doubt that...
见证：see→witness
鼓励：inspire→encourage
钦佩：admire→compliment
2. 句型拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Undoubtedly, he is one of the greatest scorers in NBA history.
拓展句：There is no doubt that he is one of the greatest scorers in NBA history.
【点睛】[高分句型1]If you ask me about the sports players I admire, Kobe Bryant’s name always tops the list.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]I saw him each time he got the MVP award in both the NBA and All-Star games. （运用了each time引导的时间状语从句）
47．When Dudu went to the middle of the bridge, the bridge seemed to be broken. Dudu was so frightened that he closed his eyes, crying loudly. Anxiously but in a calm voice, Daddy shouted to him, “Don't be afraid, son. Now you are a true adventurer and run over before the bridge is broken. Run! Don't hesitate!” Dudu did as Daddy had said. He slowly opened his eyes, took a deep breath and flew at the fastest speed. He had just stepped onto the ground when the bridge became two parts and fell into the river. Daddy and Mama stunned and then hugged each other with relief. At this point, Daddy cried to Dudu again, “Well done, dear son! Now stay where you are. Don’t go any farther. We are going to find another tree trunk to replace this one.” When they came back, they carried a sturdy trunk and fixed it firmly across the river. Finally, Daddy and Mama appeared in front of Dudu.
Dudu and his families climbed up to the top of the mountain. They did what Daddy had described at home-bathing in the clear pool, tasting delicious wild fruits and fishing by the clear lake. When they were ready to sleep in the quiet night, Dudu said excitedly, “It’s really an adventurous day! So wonderful! I love it!”
【导语】本文以人物线索展开，讲述了一家三口在熊爸爸的激发之下进行真正意义上的野餐，熊妈妈虽然有所担心，但是也同意了一起。三人到达目的地之前要先过一座独木桥，小熊嘟嘟在爸爸的鼓励下勇敢地走上了独木桥。
【详解】段落续写：
由第一段首句内容“当嘟嘟走到桥中间时，桥似乎要断了。”可知，本段可以写嘟嘟的恐惧，爸爸的鼓励，嘟嘟勇敢面对，爸爸妈妈重新架桥并通过。
由第二段首句内容“嘟嘟和他的家人爬上了山顶。”可知，本段可以写他们实现了真正的野餐，做了很多有意思的事情，成为了真正的冒险家。
续写线索：桥似乎要断了——嘟嘟害怕，不敢前行——爸爸鼓励——嘟嘟安全通过——桥塌了——爸妈重新搭桥——爸妈通过——到达山顶——做了很多有意思的事情
词类激活
行为类
①喊叫：shout/cry
②搬着：carry/take
③寻找：find/look for/search for
情绪类
①焦急地：anxiously/in anxiety
②激动地：excitedly/thrilledly
③害怕的：frightened /scared
【点睛】【高分句型1】Dudu was so frightened that he closed his eyes, crying loudly. (运用了so…that…句型，现在分词作伴随状语)
【高分句型2】He had just stepped onto the ground when the bridge became two parts and fell into the river. (运用了had just done…when…句型
郑州励德双语学校 2022-2023 学年下期月考
高一英语试题
(时间 120 分钟,共 150 分)
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，
并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman mean?
A. She’ll lend a pencil to the man.
B. The man doesn’t know what to write. C. Everything goes well.
2. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Doctor and nurse. B. Mother and son. C. Teacher and student.
3. How will the woman feel?
A. Pleased. B. Disappointed C. Nervous.
4. What is the woman going to do? A. Ask Tom to send an invitation. B. Invite Tom to the party.
C. Get the Johnsons’ address.
5. What’s the man going to do? A. Run to the train station.
B. Try to catch the next bus. C. Wait for another bus.
第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6~8 小题。
6. Why is the man surprised?
A. The articles he wants to borrow is sold out.
B. The articles he wants to borrow are checked out.
C. No one likes to read the articles on archaeology of Egypt.
7. Are there other students waiting there?
A. No, there is only one.
B. Yes, there is another boy waiting there.
C. Yes, there is a girl waiting there.
8. What was the woman’s suggestion?
A. The man had to wait till the next day. B. The woman will help him.
C. The man should borrow some from others.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 9~11 小题。
9. What does the woman want to buy?
A. A sweater. B. A T-shirt. C. A shirt.
10. How much is the first one the man showed her?
A. 40 B. 30 C. 17.66
11. Which one does the woman take?
A. The cheaper one. B. The expensive one. C. None.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 12~14 小题。
12. When does this conversation happen?
A. In the morning. B. At lunch time. C. In the afternoon.
13. Who is the man speaking to?
A. A doctor. B. A manager. C. An assistant.
14. What’s the man’s problem?
A. Something is stuck in his ear. B. His ears are ringing.
C. He’s in serious pain.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 15~17 小题。
15. At what time can the woman get to Paris if she takes the early plane?
A. At 9:00. B. About 10:00. C. At 12:00
16. How long does the journey to Paris take?
A. An hour. B. Ten minutes. C. An hour and ten minutes.
17. How much does it cost the woman to book five tickets ?
A. $236. B. $59. C.$295.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 18~20 小题。
18. Why did his parents buy John a computer?
A. He won a silver medal in 200 meter race. B. He won a silver medal in 800 meter race. C. He won a silver medal in 400 meter race.
19. What would happen when John was late for the school bus?
A. He would quickly run to school.
B. He would stay away from school for the day. C. He would be late for school.
20. Why do you think John was happy in the end?
A. His mother showed him her love and respect for him. B. His mother helped to save his face.
C. He could still watch TV late at night.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 阅读理解（共15 小题：每小题2.5 分，满分37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 A、B、C、 D 中，选出最佳选项。
A
These are four famous tourist attractions around the world.
The Forbidden City
The Forbidden City in Beijing, China, was completed in 1420 during the early Ming Dynasty. It is
the largest ancient palatial(宫殿似的)building in the world and it’s open to tourists to allow them to have a look at ancient Chinese architecture.
Niagara Falls State Park
When you arrive at Niagara Falls State Park, you’ll explore the Cave of the Winds to have an
up-close look at the falls. The Cave of the Winds is a self-guided tour, which means you can spend as much time as you would like. There is no need to make a reservation(预订).The Cave of the Winds closes during winter, so make sure it’s open before visiting.
The Little Mermaid
The Little Mermaid is a statue(雕像) in Copenhagen, Denmark. It sits on a rock in the harbor(海港). It came from a performance of a ballet based on the fairy story The Little Mermaid by Hans Christian Andersen. It was shown to the public on 23 August, 1913. And there are many tourists taking photos with
the Little Mermaid every year.
The Taj Mahal
As one of the Seven Wonders of the World, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of India. It is considered as the finest example of Mughal architecture, a mix of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles.
21．What can you do when visiting the Little Mermaid?
A．Listen to a fairy story. B．Attend a performance.
C．Take a picture with the statue. D．Meet Hans Christian Andersen.
22．Which place will you choose if you are interested in India’s historic buildings? A．The Taj Mahal. B．The Cave of the Winds. C．Niagara Falls State Park. D．The Little Mermaid.
23．What should you do before visiting the Cave of the Winds?
A．Book in advance. B．Find a tour guide. C．Learn about its history. D．Check the opening time
B
The British are known for their sense of humour. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The reason is that the British often use understatement.
Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It’ a little damp (潮湿的) outside.” Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn’t exactly friendly.” Understatement is often
used in an unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humour.
Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to their everyday life
when someone accidentally falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way
they behave. What’s more, the British love to watch comedies (喜剧) about people who do not know how
to behave in society. The comedy series Mr. Bean is a good example of this kind of humour.
Mr Bean doesn’t talk often, and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr. Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour. Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humour.
24．Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes?
A．The British often enlarge the fact.
B．British jokes are connected with many different cultures. C．British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries. D．The British usually use understatement.
25．The author explains understatement by .
A．describing a process B．making comparisons
C．following the time order D．using examples
26．Mr Bean makes people laugh by .
A．using his body movements and facial expressions B．making jokes about others’ accent
C．copying how others behave D．telling funny stories
27．What can be the best title for the text?
A．British humour in comedy B．Humour in different cultures
C．Understanding British humour D．Developing your sense of humour
C
We can video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of Everest. But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne devices(设备) has long been a frustration(阻碍) for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar (声呐) signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of the
water rather than reaching the air.
Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential(潜力) to revolutionize
underwater communication. “What we’ve shown is that it’s actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air,” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MJT’s Media Lab, who led the research. The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface,
making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and
decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. It has any number of potential real-world uses, Adib says. It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane’s black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.
Right now the technology is low-resolution (低分辨率). The initial study was conducted in the MIT
swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions—high waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction— air to water.
If the technology proves successful in real-world conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.
28．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?
A．The future of video chat underwater and in air. B．The difficulty of communication from water to air. C．The frustrations of developing underwater devices.
D．The current situation of communicating with a submarine.
29．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?
A．Convenient. B．Changeable. C．Achievable. D．Alternative(可替代的).
30．What do we know about TARF?
A．It is widely used to find downed planes.
B．It can work well at great depths underwater. C．It is an underwater machine that sends signals.
D．It can send, receive and read signals from underwater.
31．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Real-world Uses of Sonar Technology.
B．Full Air-to-water Communication Closer to Reality. C．TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication.
D．A Breakthrough in the Application of Submarines.
D
Have you ever wondered what the food you eat every day can tell you about where you come from? Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world eat different types of food? There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.
On an individual level we grow up eating the food of our cultures. It becomes a part of who we are. Many of us relate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. When I was sick as a kid, my mother would cook soup and bring it to bed for me. The smell and taste of the soup became something very familiar to me. Now, whenever I feel tired or stressed, I feel hungry for that soup.
On a larger scale, food is an important part of culture. Traditional cuisine(烹饪) is passed down from
one generation to the next. It also operates as an expression of cultural identity. Immigrants bring the food of their countries with them wherever they go and cooking traditional food is a way of preserving their culture when they move to new places.
The food does not remain exactly the same. What stays the same is the extent to which each country or community’s unique cuisine can reflect its unique history lifestyle, values, and beliefs.
In China, harmony is a vital trait in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavor is used in a balanced way, creating delicious dishes with flavors that go well
together. Historically Chinese people have an ornate(华美的)style, which can be seen in their architecture
and costumes, as well as in their food. They believe that food not only needs to be nutritious(有营养的) but also needs to look appealing, so they put a lot of effort into decorating the dishes and making them look colorful.
As the world becomes more globalized, it’s easier to access cuisines from different cultures. It’s important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture it belongs to, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is an entrance to culture, and it should be treated as such.
32．What does the author want to express in Paragraph 1?
A．Traditions on culture B．Difficulties in cooking food
C．Concerns about food and culture D．Connections between food and culture
33．Why does the author feel hungry for the soup his mother cooked?
A．He feels terribly homesick. B．It is nutritious and inviting.
C．He is too weak to feed himself. D．It has become a comfort food for him.
34．What does the author say about Chinese cuisine?
A．It has an unbalanced flavor. B．It features unnecessary decoration.
C．It reflects Chinese people’s values. D．It is closely related to Chinese architecture.
35．What would be the best title for the text?
A．You are what you eat B．Food culture and globalization C．What food tells us about culture D．How food culture impacts our health 第二节 （共5 小题，每小题2.5 分，满分12.5 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。
Maybe you plan to ring in 2023 with a new resolve to lose weight, exercise more, not sweat the small stuff. And maybe these resolutions sound familiar — maybe just like the ones you made a year ago! So how can you ensure that your determination to get healthier in 2023 sticks? 36
Dream big. Want to compete in a marathon or triathlon? Lose 50 pounds or just enough to fit into clothes you once loved? With perseverance (毅力), encouragement, and support, you can do it.
37 Many will cheer you on. Some will be happy to help in practical ways, such as by training with you or taking on tasks you normally handle in order to free up your time.
38 Any time you fail to make a change, consider it a step toward your goal. Why? Because each sincere attempt represents a lesson learned. When you hit a snag (碰钉子), take a moment to think about what did and didn’t work. Maybe you took on too big a challenge? 39
Give thanks for what you do. Set your sights on finishing that marathon, not on running it. If you compete to complete, you’ll be a winner even if you wind up walking as much as you run. With exercise and so many other goals we set — you’ll benefit even when doing less than you’d like to do.
40 If your goal for Tuesday is a 30-minute workout at the gym, but you only squeeze (挤出) in
10 minutes, feel grateful for that. It’s enough. Maybe tomorrow will be better. A．Learn from the failures.
B．Avoid repeating past failures.
C．Any activity is always better than none.
D．An ambitious aim often inspires others to help you.
E．Try the following tips to help you create long-lasting change.
F．Having a solid system can help you stay motivated and accountable.
G．If so, change into a less ambitious(有野心的) challenge, or break the big one into tinier steps.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 完形填空 (共 15 小题；每小题1 分，满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。
Most Africans are poor, not because they are really poor, but because 41 decides to describe them as such.
My 95-year-old grandfather is “poor”, too. He certainly lives on “less than a dollar a day”. But during all his past time, he has never been 42_ anything, and not begged. He was only in school for a year
in the 1930s and learned to read and write. This is 4 3 he is living.
My grandfather usually goes to pick up bananas for his dinner on his farm when he wants 44_ . There are other fruits and all kinds of vegetables. 365 days a year, he raises tens of cows that 45_
him with milk every day. He also has about 20 goats. In Uganda (乌干达), goat milk is generally not
considered 46 , possibly due to too much cow milk that tastes good, so we never milk goats. He would 47 a couple of them to get enough money to send his children to school. He also kept a few chicks 48 a hobby.
His farm produces more than he can use. He sells some of them to buy something 49 for life. He has eleven children, and my mother was his first kid. He sent 50 of them to school, and saw eight of them through college. He sold at least two cows, some goats and something else each school term to send his every child to school.
He has never 51 food and daily things. He has been like this for the past 75 years.
Why the long story? My grandfather is 52 poor, just like millions of other Africans. He holds almost no money with him, and in fact he 53_ needs it. He produces most of what he needs. But using the Standard World Bank, my grandfather is really poor.
But what’s the 54_ ? I live in the city and can earn about 12,000 dollars a year after tax, which is a high salary in Uganda. But I can hardly support my family as 55 and comfortably as my grandfather. So what on earth is poor?
41．A．something B．someone C．anything D．anyone
42．A．interested in B．proud of C．good at D．short of
43．A．why B．what C．how D．where
44．A．food B．speed C．money D．ability
45．A．allow B．require C．provide D．offer
46．A．special B．healthy C．expensive D．delicious
47．A．buy B．sell C．steal D．keep
48．A．than B．through C．by D．as
49．A．proud B．popular C．creative D．necessary
50．A．all B．most C．some D．none
51．A．sent out B．ended up C．worried about D．depended on
52．A．found B．proved C．considered D．suggested
53．A．just B．nearly C．usually D．seldom
54．A．truth B．secret C．reason D．method
55．A．wisely B．easily C．quickly D．heavily
第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下列材料，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或
使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
You already know the fact that regular exercise is important for controlling weight and 56 (avoid)a variety of health conditions. But it can also improve your academic 5 7_ (perform). And. if you’re a distance learning student, you may miss out on some of the opportunities for physical activity afforded to more traditional students who routinely walk around campus. But it’s well worth the effort
58 (put) the schedule exercise into practice.
The study, which 59_ (publish) in the Journal of Medicine & Science, describes physical activity as 60 vigorous movement that produces sweat and heavy breathing. Mike McKenzie found that students who studied over three hours per day were 3. 5 times 61 (likely) to be exercisers. Over a decade ago, McKenzie 62 (say) researchers discovered a link 63 exercise and focus in children.
More recently, another study by Johnson reveals that even short ”microbursts“ of physical activity throughout the day can have positive effects. Jennifer tells that sitting for long periods of time,
64 college students tend to do, can have a negative health effect. In addition, the study found that five-minute bouts of walking every hour had a positive impact on mood, tiredness, and hunger at the end
of a day. This may be 65 (particular)beneficial to students who also work a full-time job and study in the evening and nighttime hours.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分15 分） 体育运动是校园生活中的重要元素，很多同学都有自己最喜欢的运动员，因此，你校英 文报
开设了一个“我最喜欢的体育运动员”专栏。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，介绍你最喜爱的体育运动 员，要点如下：
1. 该运动员的基本信息以及运动成就；
2. 你喜欢他/她的理由。 注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右，题目已拟好, 不计入总词数；
2. 可以适当増加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Favorite Sports Player
Just go ahead, the bridge won’t shake!” Daddy said behind Dudu. Dudu continued to go ahead. “Ha-ha! It’s true! The bridge really doesn’t shake anymore!” Dudu cried happily, going faster.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，可适当补充细节，使情节完整；
3.每段的开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Paragraph 1:
When Dudu went to the middle of the bridge, the bridge seemed to be broken.
Paragraph 2:
Dudu and his families climbed up to the top of the mountain.
第二节 读后续写（满分 25 分）
One day, Daddy Bear suggested having a really wild camping. “What is a really wild camping? Is it an adventure?” wondered Dudu. “Yes! Everything in the city is too comfortable; we need to go to wild to have an experience!” replied Daddy Bear.
“Can I play with my toy cars there? And can I watch cartoon there?” Dudu was a little worried. “There are more interesting things there! We can bathe in the clear pool, taste delicious wild fruits, fish by the clear lake and fall asleep in the quiet night.” Daddy described it in excitement. “It’s wonderful!” Dudu was deeply attracted to the description. “But maybe it’s dangerous!” Mama Bear worried. “Mummy always worries so much! I want to be an explorer this time!” Dudu thought.
Dudu and his families started off. First, they needed to cross a single-log (独木的) bridge. This
single-log bridge was the only way to the forest. Seeing the rushed water under the single-log bridge, Dudu had a little regret(后悔) to come here with Daddy Bear. “Don’t be afraid!” encouraged Daddy Bear. “Just go ahead, don’t look at the river!”
Dudu tried to toe (用脚尖走) on the bridge, and the bridge started to shake(摇晃). Dudu was so
scared (害怕的) that he kept his body unmoved. “The bridge frightens(惊吓) you on purpose(故意地)!
参考答案
听力：1~5.ABBCB 6~10.BCACB 11~15.ACCBA 16~20.CCBBA
阅读理解
阅读A : 21．C 22．A 23．D
阅读B: 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．C
阅读C: 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．C
阅读D: 32．D 33．D 34．C 35．C
七选五：36．E 37．D 38．A 39．G 40．C
完形填空：
41．B 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．C 46．D 47．B 48．D 49．D 50．A 51．C 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．B
答案详解：
阅读A : 21．C 22．A 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是世界上的四个著名的旅游景点。
1．细节理解题。根据The Little Mermaid部分的“The Little Mermaid is a statue(雕像) in Copenhagen, Denmark.(小美人鱼是丹麦哥本哈根的雕像。)”以及“And there are many tourists taking photos with the Little Mermaid every year.(每年都有很多游客与小美人鱼合影留念。)”可知，很多人每年与小美人鱼雕像拍照，所以参观小美人鱼时可以与雕像拍照。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据The Taj Mahal部分的“It is considered as the finest example of Mughal architecture, a mix of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles.(它被认为是Mughal建筑的最佳典范，融合了印度，波斯和伊斯兰风格。)”可知，泰姬陵是Mughal建筑的最佳典范，融合了印度，波斯和伊斯兰风格，所以如果对印度的历史建筑感兴趣，可以去泰姬陵。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据Niagara Falls State Park部分的“The Cave of the Winds closes during winter, so make sure it’s open before visiting.( The Cave of the Winds在冬季关闭，因此请确保在参观前开放。)”可知，在去The Cave of the Winds之前要确保开放，也就是去之前核实一下开放时间。故选D项。
阅读B: 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了理解英国人幽默，其关键点是轻描淡写和喜欢开自己和他人的玩笑。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段二三句“However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The reason is that the British often use understatement. (然而，外国人往往很难理解他们的笑话。原因是英国人经常使用轻描淡写的手法。)”可知，外国人不太理解英国笑话的原因在于他们使用轻描淡写的手法。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中二三句“For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It’ a little damp (潮湿的) outside.” Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn’t exactly friendly.” (例如，如果某人在一场大雨中淋湿了，他可能会说：‘外面有点潮湿。’或者，如果某人非常不礼貌，对另一个人大喊大叫，其他人可能会说，‘她不太友好。’)”可知，作者通过举例来解释“轻描淡写的手法”。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Mr Bean doesn’t talk often, and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh. (憨豆先生不经常说话，而是用身体动作和面部表情来逗人发笑。)”可知，憨豆先生用自己的身体动作和面部表情让人们笑。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The British are known for their sense of humour. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The reason is that the British often use understatement. (英国人以幽默感著称。然而，外国人往往很难理解他们的笑话。原因是英国人经常使用轻描淡写的说法。)”可知，本文主要介绍英国式幽默，以及如何理解他们难懂的幽默笑话。故选C项。
阅读C:8．B 9．C 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。水下与陆地上的通信在之前是无法实现的，麻省理工学院的研究人员设计了一个系统TARF，使水中与外界的沟通成为可能。文章介绍了这个通信系统，及研究团队未来的研究方向。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段第二、三句“But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy.The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne devices has long been a frustration for scientists (但与潜艇或潜水员沟通并不是那么容易。长期以来，缺乏在水下和空中设备之间共享数据的实用方法一直是科学家们的一大难题。)”可知，从水里向空中传递信息，进行交流是很困难的，困扰着科学家们，故第一段主要介绍从水中向空气中传递信息的困难。故选B项。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Now,researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. (现在，麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种有可能彻底改变水下通信的方法)”可知，一种有可能彻底改变水下通信的方法已经被开发，因此海底与外界的沟通实际上可行了，所以feasible的意思是“可行的、办得到的”，与Achievable意思相近。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. (可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员设计了一个系统，该系统使用水下机器向地面发送声呐信号，使震动对应于数据l和0。 然后，表面接收器读取并解码这些微小的振动。研究人员将系统称为TARF。)”可知，TARF系统可以从水下发送信号、接收和读取水下发送来的信号。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne devices has long been a frustration for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar (声呐) signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of the water rather than reaching the air. (长期以来，缺乏在水下和空中设备之间共享数据的实用方法一直是科学家们的一大难题。这一困难源于无线电信号在空气中运行良好，但在水中却很差。水下传感器使用的声呐信号在水面折射，而不是到达空气。)”，以及第二段第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. (现在，麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种有可能彻底改变水下通信的方法)”可知，本文介绍的是水下与陆地上的通信在以前是无法实现的，但随着科技的进步，这一通讯逐渐能够变为现实。为突出本文介绍的TARF系统的潜在功能，使用C选项更合适，更能吸引读者的阅读兴趣。故选C项。B选项中“Full Air-to-water Communication”空中到水下的全面接连，在文中无法提现，Full一词夸大了介绍的内容。故选C。
阅读D:12．D 13．D 14．C 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了食物和文化之间的联系。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.(食物和文化之间的联系比你想象的要多。)”可知，第一段要表达的内容是食物和文化之间有着密切的关系。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“ When I was sick as a kid, my mother would cook soup and bring it to bed for me. The smell and taste of the soup became something very familiar to me. Now, whenever I feel tired or stressed, I feel hungry for that soup.(我小时候生病时，妈妈会煮汤端到床上给我喝。汤的气味和味道对我来说变得非常熟悉。现在，每当我感到疲劳或有压力时，我就会想喝汤。)”可知，因为作者小时候生病时，作者的妈妈会煮汤给作者喝，所以对他来说，这已经成为一种安慰的食物。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In China, harmony is a vital trait in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavor is used in a balanced way, creating delicious dishes with flavors that go well together. (在中国，和谐几乎体现在生活的方方面面。这反映在中国烹饪中，几乎每一种味道都被平衡地使用，创造出美味的菜肴，这些味道很好地搭配在一起。)”可知，中国的美食体现了中国的文化价值。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述的是食物和文化之间的密切联系，即不同的文化孕育着不同的食物，不同的食物反映着不同的文化。故选C。
七选五：16．E 17．D 18．A 19．G 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种想要在2023年变得健康并决心坚持下去的方法。
16．根据上文“So how can you ensure that your determination to get healthier in 2023 sticks?(那么，如何确保你在2023年变得更健康的决心能坚持下去呢?)”可知，文章旨在介绍几种在2023年想要变得健康并决心坚持下去的方法。由此可知，E.Try the following tips to help you create long-lasting change.(试试下面的建议，帮助你创造持久的改变)位于第一段末起到了承上启下的作用。故选E项。
17．根据此空前一句“With perseverance, encouragement, and support, you can do it.(只要有毅力、鼓励和支持，你就能做到)”及下文“Many will cheer you on.Some will be happy to help in practical ways, such as by training with you or taking on tasks you normally handle in order to free up your time.(许多人会为你加油。有些人会很乐意以实际的方式提供帮助，比如和你一起培训，或者为了腾出你的时间而承担你通常处理的任务)可知，作者在此建议要有大的目标，这样会有很多人会为你加油打气。由此可知，D. An ambitious aim often inspires others around you.(一个雄心勃勃的目标通常会激励你周围的人)符合语境，“An ambitious aim”呼应小标题“Dream big”；“others”呼应下文“Many will cheer you on”。故选D项。
18．此空位于本段小标题的位置，根据本段的下文内容“Any time you fail to make a change, consider it a step toward your goal. Why? Because each sincere attempt represents a lesson learned. When you hit a snag (碰钉子)，take a moment to think about what did and didn’t work.(任何时候你没能做出改变，就把它看作是向你的目标迈进了一步。为什么? 因为每一次真诚的尝试都代表着一个教训。当你遇到困难时，花点时间想想什么有用，什么没用)”可知，本段主要介绍了过去的尝试虽然失败了，但是可以作为一种经验教训，帮助你了解自己制定的决心是否合适。由此可知A.Learn from failures.(从失败中学习)符合语境。故选A项。
19．根据空前一句“Maybe you took on too big a challenge?(也许你接受的挑战太大了?)”可知，失败时，反思是否这个挑战太大了，该段落主要讲失败了要从失败中学习并进行调整。由此可知，G. If so, change into a less ambitious challenge, or break the big one into tinier steps.(如果是这样的话，那就换个不那么有野心的挑战，或者把大的挑战分解成小的步骤)就是针对上一句做出的调整，与前文承接。故选G项。
20．根据本段的小标题“Give thanks for what you do.( 感谢你所做的一切)”和空前一句“With exercise-and so many other goals we set-you’ll benefit even when doing less than you’d like to do.(通过锻炼——以及我们设定的许多其他目标——即使做得比你想做的要少，你也会从中受益)”及下一句“If your goal for Tuesday is a 30-minute workout at the gym，but you only squeeze(挤出)in 10 minutes，feel grateful for that.( 如果你周二的目标是在健身房锻炼30分钟，但你只挤出了10分钟，心存感激吧)”可知，决心运动时，即使没有达到目标，也是很好的。做运动比不做好，C.Any activity is always better than none.(任何活动总比什么都没有做好)符合语境。故选C项。
完形填空：
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．D 29．D 30．A 31．C 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者外祖父的生活，告诉我们：大部分非洲人很穷，不是因为他们真穷，而是他们的生活自给自足，手里没有也不需要那么多钱，所以参照世界银行标准，他们被认为是穷的。
21．考查代词词义辨析。句意：大部分非洲人很穷，不是因为他们真穷，而是因为有人故意把他们说得很穷。A. something某物；B. someone有人；C. anything任何东西；D. anyone任何人。根据上文“Most Africans are poor, not because they are really poor”及下文“decides to describe them as such”可知，此处指有人故意把他们说得很穷。故选B。
22．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但在他过去的所有时间里，他从来没有缺少过什么，也没要过饭。A. interested in感兴趣；B. proud of引以为傲；C. good at擅长；D. short of缺少。根据下文“and not begged.”可知，祖父从来没有缺少过什么。故选D。
23．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是他的生活。A. why为什么，……的原因；B. what什么；C. how如何；D. where (在)……的地方。根据上文“But during all his past time, he has never been ___2___ anything, and not begged. He was only in school for a year in the 1930s and learned to read and write.”可知，此处指这就是祖父怎么生活的，即这就是他的生活。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的祖父需要食物的时候，他通常会去他的农场采摘香蕉作为晚餐。A. food食物；B. speed速度；C. money金钱；D. ability能力。根据上文“My grandfather usually goes to pick up bananas for his dinner on his farm”可知，此处指需要食物的时候，去农场采摘香蕉。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年365天，他养了几十头奶牛，每天为他提供牛奶。A. allow允许；B. require要求；C. provide提供；D. offer报价。固定搭配provide sb. with sth.“给某人提供某物”。故选C。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在乌干达普遍认为羊奶不好喝，可能是因为有太多味道不错的牛奶，所以我们从不挤羊奶。A. special特殊的；B. healthy健康的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. delicious美味的。根据下文“possibly due to too much cow milk that tastes good, so we never milk goats.”可知，在乌干达普遍认为羊奶不好喝，所以不挤羊奶。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会卖掉几只羊来赚足够的钱送他的孩子上学。A. buy购买；B. sell出售；C. steal偷窃；D. keep保持。根据下文“to get enough money to send his children to school”可知，此处指卖掉几只羊来赚足够的钱。故选B。
28．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他还养了几只小鸡作为业余爱好。A. than比；B. through通过；C. by通过；D. as作为。根据空后“hobby”可知，此处指他还养了几只小鸡作为业余爱好。故选D。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他卖掉其中的一些去买生活必需品。A. proud骄傲的；B. popular流行的；C. creative创造性的；D. necessary必需的。根据空后“for life”可知，此处指生活必需品。故选D。
30．考查代词词义辨析。句意：他送所有孩子上学，其中八个上了大学。A. all全部；B. most大多数；C. some一些；D. none全无。根据下文“He sold at least two cows, some goats and something else each school term to send his every child to school.”可知，他送所有孩子都上学了。故选A。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他从来没有担心食品和日常事物。A. sent out发出；B. ended up结束；C. worried about担心；D. depended on依赖。根据上文“But during all his past time, he has never been ___2___ anything, and not begged.”和“His farm produces more than he can use. He sells some of them to buy something ___9___ for life.”可知，他从来没有担心食品和日常事物。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖父被认为是穷人，就像数百万其他非洲人一样。A. found发现；B. proved证明；C. considered认为；D. suggested建议。根据下文“But using the Standard World Bank, my grandfather is really poor.”可知，祖父正如数百万其他非洲人一样被认为很穷。故选C。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他身上几乎没有钱，事实上他也很少需要钱。A. just恰好；B. nearly接近；C. usually通常；D. seldom很少。根据下文“He produces most of what he needs.”可知，事实上祖父很少需要钱。故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但事实是什么呢？A. truth事实；B. secret秘密；C. reason原因；D. method方法。根据下文“I live in the city and can earn about 12,000 dollars a year after tax, which is a high salary in Uganda. But I can hardly support my family as ___15___ and comfortably as my grandfather.”可知，此处指事实是什么。故选A。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是我几乎不能像我的祖父那样轻松舒适地养活我的家庭。A. wisely明智地；B. easily容易地；C. quickly快速地；D. heavily严重地。根据上文可知，祖父从来不担心食品和日常事物，而且还把11个孩子都送去上学，其中8个人上了大学，祖父能够轻松舒适地养活他的家庭。由转折连词But可知，尽管我拿着很高的工资，但是我几乎不能像我的祖父那样轻松舒适地养活我的家庭。故选B。
语法填空
36．avoiding 37．performance 38．to put 39．was published 40．a 41．more likely 42．said 43．between 44．which##as 45．particularly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经常锻炼不但有利于身体健康，而且能促进学生的学业成绩。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：你已经知道这一事实，经常锻炼对控制体重和避免各种健康状况很重要。空处与controlling weight并列，应用动名词形式，作介词for的宾语。故填avoiding。
37．考查名词。句意：但它还可以提高你的学业成绩。空处用于形容词academic之后，应用名词形式performance，表示“成绩”，为不可数名词，作动词improve的宾语。故填performance。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：但将日常锻炼付诸实践是很值得的。分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，空处应用动词不定式形式作真正的主语。故填to put。
39．考查时态语态。句意：这项发表在《医学与科学杂志》上的研究将体育活动描述为一种产生汗液和沉重呼吸的剧烈运动。结合语意可知，“发表”这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，且分析句子结构可知，which引导定语从句，指代先行词the study，publish与主语which之间是被动关系，且the study是单数，be动词应用was。故填was published。
40．考查冠词。句意：这项发表在《医学与科学杂志》上的研究将体育活动描述为一种产生汗液和沉重呼吸的剧烈运动。结合语意可知，此处表示“一种剧烈运动”，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，vigorous是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。
41．考查形容词。句意：迈克·麦肯齐发现，每天学习超过三小时的学生锻炼身体的可能性是平时的3.5倍。根据空前3.5 times以及语意可知，此处表示学习超过三小时的学生更有可能去锻炼身体，空处应用形容词的比较级形式more likely，表示“更有可能的”。故填more likely。
42．考查时态。句意：十多年前，麦肯齐说，研究人员发现了儿童锻炼和注意力之间的联系。根据时间状语Over a decade ago可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词应用过去式形式said。故填said。
43．考查介词。句意：十多年前，麦肯齐说，研究人员发现了儿童锻炼和注意力之间的联系。between...and...为固定搭配，表示“在……和……之间”，所以空处应用介词between，符合题意。故填between。
44．考查定语从句。句意：詹妮弗告诉，大学生倾向于做的事（正如大学生经常做的那样），长时间坐着，会对健康产生负面影响。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词sitting for long periods of time，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句，也可以用关系代词as表示“正如”。故填which/as。
45．考查副词。句意：这可能对从事全职工作并在晚上和夜间学习的学生特别有益。空处修饰形容词beneficial，应用副词形式作状语，particularly是副词，表示“尤其，特别”，符合题意。故填particularly。
书面表达
My Favorite Sports Player
If you ask me about the sports players I admire, Kobe Bryant’s name always tops the list. He played his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, and won 5 NBA championships with Lakers and was the all-time leading scorer in Lakers. Undoubtedly, he is one of the greatest scorers in NBA history.
I have loved Kobe ever since I was 7 years old. I saw him when he strived for the highest standards and made 81 points. I saw him each time he got the MVP award in both the NBA and All-Star games. I saw everything he accomplished as a legend, and my role model in life. His life story will always inspire me to try my best in my study and future career.
【导语】这是一篇开放性作文。要求考生介绍一位自己最喜欢的体育运动员。介绍该运动员的基本信息以及运动成就，以及自己喜欢他/她的理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
毫无疑问：undoubtedly→there is no doubt that...
见证：see→witness
鼓励：inspire→encourage
钦佩：admire→compliment
2. 句型拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Undoubtedly, he is one of the greatest scorers in NBA history.
拓展句：There is no doubt that he is one of the greatest scorers in NBA history.
【点睛】[高分句型1]If you ask me about the sports players I admire, Kobe Bryant’s name always tops the list.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]I saw him each time he got the MVP award in both the NBA and All-Star games. （运用了each time引导的时间状语从句）
47．When Dudu went to the middle of the bridge, the bridge seemed to be broken. Dudu was so frightened that he closed his eyes, crying loudly. Anxiously but in a calm voice, Daddy shouted to him, “Don't be afraid, son. Now you are a true adventurer and run over before the bridge is broken. Run! Don't hesitate!” Dudu did as Daddy had said. He slowly opened his eyes, took a deep breath and flew at the fastest speed. He had just stepped onto the ground when the bridge became two parts and fell into the river. Daddy and Mama stunned and then hugged each other with relief. At this point, Daddy cried to Dudu again, “Well done, dear son! Now stay where you are. Don’t go any farther. We are going to find another tree trunk to replace this one.” When they came back, they carried a sturdy trunk and fixed it firmly across the river. Finally, Daddy and Mama appeared in front of Dudu.
Dudu and his families climbed up to the top of the mountain. They did what Daddy had described at home-bathing in the clear pool, tasting delicious wild fruits and fishing by the clear lake. When they were ready to sleep in the quiet night, Dudu said excitedly, “It’s really an adventurous day! So wonderful! I love it!”
【导语】本文以人物线索展开，讲述了一家三口在熊爸爸的激发之下进行真正意义上的野餐，熊妈妈虽然有所担心，但是也同意了一起。三人到达目的地之前要先过一座独木桥，小熊嘟嘟在爸爸的鼓励下勇敢地走上了独木桥。
【详解】段落续写：
由第一段首句内容“当嘟嘟走到桥中间时，桥似乎要断了。”可知，本段可以写嘟嘟的恐惧，爸爸的鼓励，嘟嘟勇敢面对，爸爸妈妈重新架桥并通过。
由第二段首句内容“嘟嘟和他的家人爬上了山顶。”可知，本段可以写他们实现了真正的野餐，做了很多有意思的事情，成为了真正的冒险家。
续写线索：桥似乎要断了——嘟嘟害怕，不敢前行——爸爸鼓励——嘟嘟安全通过——桥塌了——爸妈重新搭桥——爸妈通过——到达山顶——做了很多有意思的事情
词类激活
行为类
①喊叫：shout/cry
②搬着：carry/take
③寻找：find/look for/search for
情绪类
①焦急地：anxiously/in anxiety
②激动地：excitedly/thrilledly
③害怕的：frightened /scared
【点睛】【高分句型1】Dudu was so frightened that he closed his eyes, crying loudly. (运用了so…that…句型，现在分词作伴随状语)
【高分句型2】He had just stepped onto the ground when the bridge became two parts and fell into the river. (运用了had just done…when…句型
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