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2022-2023学年黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期开学考试英语试卷含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期开学考试英语试卷含解析，共32页。试卷主要包含了 B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
铁人中学2020级高三学年上学期开学考试
英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
1. What does the man mean?
A. His article is quite long. B. He is finishing the article. C. He can’t finish the article on time.
2. How does the woman go back home today?
A. By bus. B. By subway. C. By car.
3. What does the man mean?
A. She can only use the English dictionary in the library.
B. She is welcome to use the English dictionary at any time.
C. She can borrow the English dictionary from the library.
4. Who is the girl coming up to the speakers?
A. Lisa, the taller of twin sisters. B. Linda, the taller of twin sisters. C. Lisa, the shorter of twin sisters.
5. What does the woman most likely mean?
A. They have different mail ways. B. They have only one mail way. C. She doesn’t know how to answer.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. When will the plane take off?
A. At 4:30. B. At 5:00. C. At 5:30.
7. Where is the woman going?
A. To New York. B. To Washington. C. To New York then to Washington.
8. What is the woman probably going to do in Washington?
A. Go to work. B. Go to school. C. Stay with her sister.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9. What will the woman do at first after class?
A. Pick up her brother. B. Do some housework. C. Do her homework.
10. What does the man want to do?
A. Have a dinner. B. Listen to a concert. C. Watch a movie.
11. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. They will go out for a movie.
B. They might meet each other.
C. They will play computer game together.
听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。
12. What time do you think the plane takes off?
A. Five to ten. B. Five past ten. C. Five to eleven.
13. What is probably Tom?
A. A student. B. A teacher. C. Head teacher.
14. Which month do you think it is now?
A. July. B. November. C. March.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Tourist and tour guide. B. Tourist and designer. C. Two tourists.
16. What can we know about the hotel?
A. The queen Cleopatra used to live there.
B. It is named after a well-known person.
C. It is the tallest building in the world.
17. What is true about the hotel room?
A. It’s far from the beach.
B. It provides a splendid view of the sea.
C. The temperature of the room is comfortable.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is Enrique Iglesias?
A. A singer. B. An actor. C. A writer.
19. Where is Natalie Portman from?
A. Korea. B. The US. C. Latin America.
20. What will Ahn talk about?
A. His latest music and his wife. B. His life and his future plans. C. His past experiences and feelings.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Situated along the Pacific Flyway, a good migratory path that stretches from Alaskn to Patagonia, Santa Cruz plays host to hundreds of bird species. Just head to one of the spots listed below and see for yourself!
UCSC Arboretum
The diverse plants that attract a wide range of birds make these gardens a wonderful place to start. Mark your calendar for the Arboretum's popular Hummingbird Days, a family-friendly festival that celebrates the tiny birds on March 5th and 6th.
Natural Bridges State Beach
This scenic park is excellent for bird watchers due to its wide sampling of local habitats. Over 250 bird species have been recorded in the area.
Neary Lagoon
Birdsong fills the air at this peaceful oasis less than a 10-minute walk from the fun of the Santa Cruz Beach. A walkway allows visitors a front-row view of birds such as American Coots.
Watsonville Wetlands
The wetlands provide a year-round home for local birds and serve as a stop for migratory birds visiting from faraway. Drop by the Nature Centre for exhibits, maps, and suggestions for best spots to visit.
Birding Tips
●The early birder gets the worm. You’re likely to see more birds earlier rather than later in the day.
●No two visits are likely to be the same. Varying times and seasons bring different birds and behaviour.
●No matter how cute those little birds are, you should resist feeding them with your bread. It's unhealthy for the bird and the surrounding ecosystem.
How to Get More Involved
We recommend joining the Santa Cruz Birding Club for public events and abundant online guides. Contact us free at Birding & Wildlife Watch Kit for registration.
1. Why are there many birds in the UCSC Arboretum?
A. The place is very family-friendly.
B. There are many kinds of plants.
C. There are Arboretum's Hummingbird Days.
D. The place has wide sampling of local habitats.
2. Which place can one reach easily on foot from the Santa Cruz Beach?
A. Neary Lagoon. B. UCSC Arboretum.
C. Watsonville Wetlands. D. Natural Bridges State Beach
3. When is the best time to watch more birds?
A. In the morning. B. In the noon. C. In the afternoon. D. In the evening.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了圣克鲁兹岛观鸟场地以及人们观鸟时应该注意的一些事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据UCSC Arboretum部分的“The diverse plants that attract a wide range of birds…(各种各样的植物吸引了各种各样的鸟类……)”可知，UCSC Arboretum有很多鸟是因为有很多种植物。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Neary Lagoon部分的“Birdsong fills the air at this peaceful oasis less than a 10-minute walk from the fun of the Santa Cruz Beach. A walkway allows visitors a front-row view of birds such as American Coots.(在这片宁静的绿洲，鸟鸣弥漫着空气，距离圣克鲁斯海滩的乐趣步行不到10分钟。一条走道让游客可以在前排看到美国白骨顶等鸟类)”可知，从圣克鲁斯海滩步行就可以轻松到达Neary Lagoon。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Birding Tips部分第一点的“You’re likely to see more birds earlier rather than later in the day.(你可能会在一天的早些时候看到更多的鸟)”可知，在一天中，去得更早（在早上）会看到更多的鸟。故选A。
B
In the world of water, 2021 was another year for the record books. Parts of Western Europe suffered from deadly floods while large areas of the southwestern United States remained locked in a massive drought.
One might think that our impressive water management would safeguard society from such catastrophic events. Yet when it comes to water, the past is no longer a good guide for the future and most of the water engineering is unprepared for consequences of increasingly occurring extreme weather. One of the most alarming wake-up calls came from the city of Cape Town, where the water taps of 4 million residents were nearly forced to be shut off after severe drought dried up its reservoir (水库).
Appealing as it might be, the solution is not to further build bigger and higher dams (水坝) that often result in more disastrous flooding. Rather, it is to work more with natural processes.
The Netherlands avoided major damage from the historic floods in July 2021 thanks to its recently completed project, which gives river room to spread out by redirecting floodwaters into wetlands, lowering parts of the stormy river by more than a foot. Agricultural practices offer another strategy. Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil’s water-holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre, creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods. This means farmland practices such as the planting of cover crops can not only raise output but improve water management.
Solutions don’t come easily, but they are key to a livable future. While it’s too late to avoid the impacts of climate change, we can avoid the worst of those impacts by investing more in such nature-based water solutions.
4. Cape Town is mentioned to show__________.
A. the reservoir was of no use
B. new water management is in need
C. how awful it was without tap water
D. the existing water management is impressive
5. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A. The Netherlands was spared from flood damage.
B The river’s water level was reduced to over a foot.
C. Improving soil’s water-holding ability is practical.
D. Planting crops boosts organisms at the cost of production.
6. Which of the following water projects might win the author’s favor?
① “Restoring Healthy Soil”
② “Filling Wetland”
③ “Strengthening Dam”
④ “Making Room for River”
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Water disaster: way out of control
B. Investment in water: a key to the future
C. Nature-based solution: a way out for water
D. Good news: farming practices working well
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍水灾频发下给水治理带来的新启示。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“Yet when it comes to water, the past is no longer a good guide for the future and most of the water engineering is unprepared for consequences of increasingly occurring extreme weather. One of the most alarming wake-up calls came from the city of Cape Town, where the water taps of 4 million residents were nearly forced to be shut off after severe drought dried up its reservoir (水库). (然而，说到水，过去不再是未来的良好指南，大多数水利工程对日益发生的极端天气的后果毫无准备。其中一个最令人震惊的警钟来自开普敦市，在严重干旱导致水库干涸后，该市400万居民的水龙头几乎被迫关闭)”和下文“如何利用水治理应对灾害的方法”可知，极端天气日益频繁而以前的水利工程不适用于新的变化，开普敦就是一个例子，紧接着后文谈及应该如何做，所以提及开普敦是为了表明我们需要新的水治理方式。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的“Agricultural practices offer another strategy. Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil’s water-holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre, creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods. (农业实践提供了另一种策略。科学家们发现，将土壤中的有机质增加1%，可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英亩18000加仑，从而在强降雨和干旱期都具有灵活性)”可知，提高土壤有机物能提高其持水容量（从而有利于应对干旱和洪涝），这在农业实践上是可行的。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的“Agricultural practices offer another strategy. Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil’s water-holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre, creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods. (农业实践提供了另一种策略。科学家们发现，将土壤中的有机质增加1%，可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英亩18000加仑，从而在强降雨和干旱期都具有灵活性)”可知，提高土壤有机物，恢复土壤健康，这能提高其持水容量（从而有利于应对干旱和洪涝），这在农业实践上是可行的，说明作者赞同①“恢复土壤健康”；由第四段中的“The Netherlands avoided major damage from the historic floods in July 2021 thanks to its recently completed project, which gives river room to spread out by redirecting floodwaters into wetlands, lowering parts of the stormy river by more than a foot. (由于最近完成的项目，荷兰避免了历史性洪灾造成的重大损失，该项目通过将洪水重新导向湿地，将暴雨河流的一部分降到一英尺以上，使河流空间得以扩展)”可知，荷兰通过最近的水利项目使河流空间得以扩展，避免了历史性洪灾造成的重大损失，说明④“为河流腾出空间”会赢得作者的青睐；可得出作者会赞同①④水利工程。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。由第三段“Appealing as it might be, the solution is not to further build bigger and higher dams (水坝) that often result in more disastrous flooding. Rather, it is to work more with natural processes. (尽管这可能很有吸引力，但解决办法是不要进一步建造更大、更高的水坝，这往往会导致更严重的洪水。相反，要更多地利用自然过程)”，最后一段中的“While it’s too late to avoid the impacts of climate change, we can avoid the worst of those impacts by investing more in such nature-based water solutions. (虽然现在避免气候变化的影响为时已晚，但我们可以通过加大对此类基于自然的水解决方案的投资来避免最糟糕的影响)”和其它段落可知，文章以灾害引入，进而举例谈及用基于自然的方法解决问题，结尾呼吁对自然方法的投资，C项“基于自然的解决方案：水的出路”一语双关，既指自然方法提供出路，又指把水通过自然方式导出去。故选C项。
C
The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.
Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.
Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.
The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.
To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new businesses and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around ￡500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr. Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.
Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.
For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior(外部的) advertising space.
The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonhury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.
8. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents .
A. economically desirable
B. favorable to the environment
C. for holding music performances
D. designed for disaster relief
9. Mr. Dunlop established his business .
A. independently with an interest-free loan from Mint
B. with the approval of the City’s administration
C. in partnership with a finance group
D. with the help of a Japanese architect
10. It is implied in the passage that .
A. the weather in the UK. is changeable in summer
B. most performances at British festivals are given in the open air
C. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailored
D. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users
11. The passage is mainly concerned with .
A. an attempt at developing recyclable tents
B. some efforts at making full use of cardboards
C. an unusual success of a graduation project
D. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。为了让大型节日庆典更环保，James Dunlop获得灵感研发了一种可循环利用的帐篷，目前他的想法已经得到一家公司的支持。这种新型环保帐篷有望在明年上市。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.（eco-friendly 帐篷用纸板做，在乐队和人群离开回家后，可以重复使用）可知，这种帐篷是对环境有利的。另外，根据eco-friendly的构成也可猜出其含义为“对环境有利的”。 B. favorable to the environment.(对环境有力的)符合eco-friendly的意思。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new businesses and found a supporter in the finance group Mint.（为了筹钱，他去了本地为新业务提供资金的公司，其中财团Mint成为他的支持者）可知，Mr. Dunlop与Mint为合作关系。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。倒数第二段最后一句“They can be personalized"（它们可以个性化定制）暗示可以根据用户的要求来制作，选项C the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailored（他生产的帐篷可以为使用者专门定做）符合意思。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.（绿色商业的胜利一定会吸引有环保意识的音乐爱好者，一名设计专业的学生将获得财政支持，用纸板制作环保帐篷，这些帐篷在乐队和人群回家后可以回收）可知本篇主要讲，设计专业学生尝试使用纸板制作可回收的环保帐篷。A. an attempt at developing recyclable tents（开发可回收帐篷的尝试）可以概括本篇大意。故选A项。
D
Are you the only child in your family? If so, do you enjoy it or do you want more siblings（兄弟姐妹）?
On May 31, a key meeting of the Communist Party of China unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children.
The move is expected to maximize the population's role in driving economic and social growth, since this is a critical time for China to transform the world's most populous country into a powerhouse（强国）with a quality workforce, according to the National Health Commission.
The three-child policy is also expected to prevent the decline in the nation's birthrate and address the challenge of a rapidly aging population, China Daily reported.
China's annual number of newborns has fallen for four years in a row. The country's total birthrate—the average number of children born to each woman—stood at 1.3 in 2020. The number is below the rate of 2.1 that would maintain a stable population, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.
The declining birthrate has also brought a sharp increase in the proportion of the population aged 60 or above, rising from 10.3 percent to 18.7 percent in the past decade. An increasingly elderly population will increase the cost of labor and the pressure on the social security net. It also means there will be a lack of young labor force. Therefore, it's not good for economic growth, according to Chen Youhua, a professor at Nanjing University.
In fact, the new birth policy is a step to further relax the family planning policy. The one-child policy was introduced in the 1970s and aimed to control the fast-growing population. Then in 2013, China allowed couples to have a second child if either parent was an only child, and in 2016, all couples were allowed to have two children.
However, not all people have shown their support for this latest policy. Many couples complained about the rising costs of raising a child. A netizen named Qinfeng commented, "High cost of education and both the physical and mental exhaustion stopped me from having more than one child." Also, many women are reluctant（不情愿的）to give birth because that could mean sacrificing their career prospects, according to Mu Guangzong, a professor at Peking University.
In that case, Mu noted that it is better to implement supporting measures with the three-child policy, such as more preferential（优惠的）policies for couples that would ease their parental burden.
12. What might NOT be the main cause for the new policy?
A. To increase the population's role.
B. To stop the declining birthrate.
C. To improve the child- care service system.
D. To address the challenge of the aging population.
13. What can be known from the text?
A. China's annual number of newborns has fallen for decades.
B. The government will protect the legal rights of women in employment.
C. Measures will be taken to improve the high-quality education.
D. The new policy allows couples to have up to three children.
14. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "implement"?
A. To carry out. B. To get along with.
C. To make use of. D. To have a command of.
15. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To show his love of children healthcare.
B. To introduce the new family size policy.
C. To share his concerns about birthrate.
D. To emphasize the physical and mental exhaustion.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了即将实施的“三孩”政策。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“The move is expected to maximize the population's role in driving economic and social growth, since this is a critical time for China to transform the world's most populous country into a powerhouse（强国）with a quality workforce, according to the National Health Commission.(国家卫生健康委员会表示，此举预计将最大限度地发挥人口在推动经济和社会增长中的作用，因为目前是中国将世界上人口最多的国家转变为拥有高素质劳动力的强国的关键时刻。)”、第四段“The three-child policy is also expected to prevent the decline in the nation's birthrate and address the challenge of a rapidly aging population, China Daily reported.( 据《中国日报》报道，三孩政策还有望防止中国出生率的下降，并应对人口快速老龄化的挑战。)”可知，选择项A、B、D在文中都提到过。选择项C“完善托儿服务体系”不是新政策的主要原因。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On May 31, a key meeting of the Communist Party of China unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children.( 5月31日，中共中央召开重要会议，公布了一项政策，允许所有夫妇最多生育三个孩子。)可知，政府即将采取新政策，允许一对夫妻生育第三胎。故选D。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句“such as more preferential（优惠的）policies for couples that would ease their parental burden.(比如为夫妇提供更多的优惠政策，以减轻他们的负担。)”可知，为了实施三孩政策，需要配套相应的措施。所以implement应为“实施”之意。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了即将实施的“三孩”政策。所以可以推断，作者的写作意图是介绍一项（家庭规模）新政策。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Narcissists (自恋者) are people who are simply interested in themselves. They talk about themselves, demand admiration and recognition and believe everyone else should envy them.____16____. When you come across a narcissistic person, your initial reaction might be shocks but in some cases the best reaction might be none at all.
Understand that narcissism is a personality disorder.____17____. Often the person can’t help himself—he actually believes his idea of being superior to others. Remember that Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is classified as a mental illness.
____18____. A narcissist feeds off attention from others. When the person starts talking about himself excessively, the best thing to do is just walk away—leave the situation.
Have reasonable expectations about the person and his ability to stop being self-absorbed. This is not a disorder that goes away on its own—often the person will need intensive counseling to deal with his narcissism. Suggest counseling if you are in a close relationship with the person, such as a marriage. ____19____, his condition may improve with treatment
____20____. A narcissist can be a burden on his friends and family and will often put others down as a way of building himself up. It is important to have high confidence yourself, so that you do not start to believe and absorb what he says as if it is the truth.
A. Stay positive and strong-minded
B. Ignore the person whenever possible
C. Give him or her a hand whenever possible
D. While he may not be able to stop the behavior completely
E. Often it is rooted in childhood issues, such as abuse or neglect
F. When you are suffering from this kind of mental disorder occasionally
G. They might even lie or exaggerate (夸大) the truth as a way to lift themselves
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文，自恋者是指那些只是对自己很感兴趣的人。本文介绍了与自恋者打交道时应注意的一些问题和建议。
【16题详解】
上文“Narcissists (自恋者) are people who are simply interested in themselves. They talk about themselves, demand admiration and recognition and believe everyone else should envy them.(自恋者是指仅仅对自己感兴趣的人。他们谈论他们自己，要求别人的钦佩和认可，并相信其他人都应该嫉妒他们)”讲述了自恋者的一些表现，只对自己感兴趣，认为别人都应该嫉妒他，因此推断G项“他们甚至可能通过撒谎或夸大真相来提升自己”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，谈论自恋者的一些外在表现，故选G。
【17题详解】
上文“Understand that narcissism is a personality disorder.(要理解自恋是一种人格障碍)”讲述自恋是一种心理疾病，下文“Often the person can’t help himself—he actually believes his idea of being superior to others.(通常这个人无法控制自己——他实际上相信自己比别人优越的想法)”分析这种心理疾病的根源，因此推断E项“它通常植根于童年时期的问题，如虐待或忽视”符合语境，与下文是并列关系，分析自恋产生的根源，承上启下。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据下文提供的建议“A narcissist feeds off attention from others. When the person starts talking about himself excessively, the best thing to do is just walk away—leave the situation.(一个自恋者会吸引别人的注意力。当这个人开始过分地谈论自己时，最好的办法就是离开——离开这种情况)” ，遇到自恋者谈论自己选择离开是最好的办法。因此推断B项“尽可能地忽略这个人”符合语境，面对自恋者时的最好解决办法是忽视他，离开这种情况。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据下文“his condition may improve with treatment (他的病情可以通过治疗改善)”可知，此处谈论如何阻止自恋的产生，空处是一个从句，D项“尽管可能无法完全阻止这种行为”符合语境，与下文构成让步关系。故选D。
【20题详解】
下文“It is important to have high confidence yourself, so that you do not start to believe and absorb what he says as if it is the truth. (对自己有很高的自信是重要的，以便于你不会开始相信和理解他说的似乎是事实)”建议你要积极自信。因此推断A项“保持乐观和意志坚强”符合语境。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Williams, once a librarian, now 54-year old, became an elementary school teacher and tutor in Danville, Virginia, she wanted her students to fall in love with ____21____ just as she had. But early on, she ____22____ some kids had limited ____23____ to books. To Williams, the ____24____ was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, she ____25____ gave away 900 used children’s books over three days. Most people would be ____26____ with that.
“I wanted to do something that’s going to ____27____ my faith, my work ethic, my everything.” So she ____28____ a new goal for herself: Give away one million books. It sounds like an ____29____ number, but as Williams ____30____ on Facebook: “Don’t complain in the bleachers (露天看台) if you aren’t willing to work hard out on the field.”
So she got down to ____31____, first by persuading friends to donate books.or ____32____ buy books. Before long, as news of Williams’s project ____33____, strangers started leaving packs of ____34____ on her front porch.
As quickly as the books come in, Williams ____35____ them to local schools—free of charge. She also ____36____ a book club for prisoners in the local jail.
In the four years she’s been doing all this, the Book Lady, as Williams has come to be known, has ____37____ more than 78,000 books—only 922,000 more to reach her ____38____! And she’s not slowing down. It’s too important for kids with ____39____ options. “Reading can take you anywhere. You can travel in time and ____40____. If you can read, you can learn almost anything.”
21. A. teaching B. reading C. drawing D. writing
22. A. assumed B. predicted C. realized D. heard
23. A. access B. energy C. time D. experience
24. A. proposal B. method C. enthusiasm D. solution
25. A. reluctantly B. occasionally C. constantly D. readily
26. A. astonished B. disappointed C. satisfied D. embarrassed
27. A. lose B. restore C. break D. stretch
28. A. set B. achieved C. kept D. expected
29. A. unavoidable B. unreachable C. irresistible D. unreliable
30. A. promoted B. discovered C. posted D. wrote
31. A. travel B. debate C. talk D. work
32. A. money B. projects C. libraries D. advertisement
33. A. came B. spread C. transported D. controlled
34. A. novels B. food C. books D. drinks
35. A. offers B. returns C. takes D. lends
36. A. continues B. prefers C. hosts D. joins
37. A. recommended B. contributed C. bought D. searched
38. A. responsibility B. judgement C. plan D. goal
39. A. few B. strange C. special D. wise
40. A. wonder B. space C. adventure D. passion
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了54岁的威廉姆斯自发为那些没什么机会接触到图书的孩子募捐图书的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现年54岁的威廉姆斯曾经是一名图书管理员，当她成为弗吉尼亚州丹维尔的一名小学教师和家庭教师时，她希望她的学生也能像她一样爱上阅读。A. teaching教学；B. reading阅读；C. drawing画画；D. writing写。结合后文威廉姆斯捐赠图书，可知她希望学生爱上阅读。故选B。
22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在早期，她意识到一些孩子接触书籍的机会有限。A. assumed假设；B. predicted预测；C. realized意识到；D. heard听见。根据后文“some kids had limited…to books”指意识到孩子接触书籍的机会有限。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在早期，她意识到一些孩子接触书籍的机会有限。A. access入口，使用；B. energy能量；C. time时间；D. experience经历。根据后文“to books”指接触书籍，短语为have access to。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对威廉姆斯来说，解决办法很简单：给孩子们书。A. proposal提议；B. method方法；C. enthusiasm热情；D. solution解决方案。上文提到了孩子接触书籍的机会有限的问题，后文“给孩子们”是解决方案。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：2017年，她很迅速在三天内送出900本用过儿童书籍。A. reluctantly不情愿地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. constantly持续地；D. readily迅速地。根据后文“gave away 900 used children’s books over three days”可知，2017年，她很迅速在三天内送出900本用过的儿童书籍。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人会对此感到满意。A. astonished吃惊的；B. disappointed失望的；C. satisfied满意的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。上文提到她在三天内送出900本用过的儿童书籍，颇有成绩，因此大多数会对取得的这一成就感到满意。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想做一些能够延伸我的信仰，职业道德，以及我的一切的事情。A. lose失去；B. restore恢复；C. break打破；D. stretch伸展。根据后文“my faith, my work ethic, my everything”可知威廉姆斯想做一些能够延伸信仰，职业道德，以及一切的事情。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她给自己定了一个新目标：捐出一百万本书。A. set设置；B. achieved实现；C. kept保持；D. expected期待。根据后文“a new goal for herself”指设定目标，应用set。故选A。
29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个无法完成的数字，但正如威廉姆斯在Facebook上发布的：“如果你不愿意在球场上努力锻炼，不要在看台上抱怨。”A. unavoidable不可避免的；B. unreachable无法达到的；C. irresistible无法抗拒的；D. unreliable不可靠的。上文“Give away one million books”提到要捐赠一百万本书，这听起来像是一个无法完成的数字，unreachable符合语境。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个无法完成的数字，但正如威廉姆斯在Facebook上发布的：“如果你不愿意在球场上努力锻炼，不要在看台上抱怨。”A. promoted提高；B. discovered发现；C. posted张贴，发布；D. wrote写。根据后文“on Facebook”指在Facebook上发布内容，应用post。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是她开始着手工作，首先说服朋友们捐书或出钱买书。A. travel旅行；B. debate辩论；C. talk谈话；D. work工作。根据后文“first by persuading friends to donate books or”可知威廉姆斯为了实现自己的目标，开始着手工作。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是她开始着手工作，首先说服朋友们捐书或出钱买书。A. money钱；B. projects项目；C. libraries图书馆；D. advertisement广告。根据后文“buy books”指出钱买书，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，威廉姆斯项目的消息传开后，陌生人开始把一包包的书放在她家的前廊上。A. came来到；B. spread传播；C. transported运输；D. controlled控制。根据后文“strangers started leaving packs of”可知陌生人也加入了捐书的行列，说明威廉姆斯项目的消息传开了。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久，威廉姆斯项目的消息传开后，陌生人开始把一包包的书放在她家的前廊上。A. novels小说；B. food食物；C. books书籍；D. drinks饮料。根据上文可知，威廉姆斯想要的是书籍，所以是把书籍放在门廊。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些书一到，威廉姆斯就免费提供给当地学校。A. offers提供；B. returns返回；C. takes带走；D. lends借给。根据后文“them to local schools”指给当地学校提供书籍。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还为当地监狱的囚犯举办了一个读书俱乐部。A. continues继续；B. prefers更喜欢；C. hosts主持，举办；D. joins加入。根据后文“a book club for prisoners in the local jail”指为当地监狱的囚犯举办了一个读书俱乐部。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她所做的这些事情的四年里，这位被人们所熟知的“读书女士”已经捐赠了78000多本书——仅再贡献922000本就能实现她的目标！A. recommended建议；B. contributed捐赠，贡献；C. bought购买；D. searched搜索。根据上文可知，威廉姆斯项目的目的就是捐赠图书，故此处指捐赠了78000多本书。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她所做的这些事情的四年里，这位被人们所熟知的“读书女士”已经捐赠了78000多本书——仅再贡献922000本就能实现她的目标！A. responsibility责任；B. judgement判断；C. plan计划；D. goal目标。呼应上文“a new goal for herself”指实现目标。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对那些别无选择的孩子来说太重要了。A. few很少的，几乎没有的；B. strange奇怪的；C. special特别的；D. wise明智的。呼应上文“some kids had limited”指那些接触书籍机会有限的孩子，故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以在时间和空间里旅行。A. wonder奇迹；B. space空间；C. adventure冒险；D. passion激情。根据上文“Reading can take you anywhere. You can travel in time and”可知，阅读可以带你去任何地方，即你可以穿越时间和空间。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hospitals haven’t always been clean and quiet places. Long ago they were dirty and crowded. Nurses were never taught ____41____ to look after their patients and many people died. It was Florence Nightingale who changed all this.
Florence was born in 1820. As a child, she often went with her mother ____42____ (visit) the poor people. They took food and medicine to the sick. It was these visits that first gave her the idea of becoming ____43____ nurse.
Her chance came in 1854 when Britain went to war with Russia. Florence ____44____ (ask) by the government to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the ____45____ (wound). The hospitals were dirty, and there wasn’t enough medicine. Florence and her team worked very hard, ____46____ (clean) the hospital rooms and made the bed every day. At night, she would go from room to room, ____47____ (check) on the patients. She often stayed to talk to the patients and provided comfort ____48____ them.
After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients ____49____ (proper). However, she never really made a full ____50____ (recover) from the illness that she had in the war, and she died in 1910.
【答案】41. how
42. to visit
43. a 44. was asked
45. wounded
46. cleaned
47. checking
48. for 49. properly
50. recovery
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了改变医院肮脏不堪的环境并传授专业护理知识的英国女护士Florence Nightingale的事迹。
【41题详解】
考查疑问副词。句意：护士从来没有被教过如何照顾他们的病人，许多人因此死亡。此处是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，结合句意可知，此处指“如何照顾他们的病人”，用疑问副词how。故填how。
【42题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：作为一个孩子，她经常和她的母亲去拜访穷人。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to visit。
【43题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：正是这些探访使她第一次产生了成为一名护士的想法。nurse是可数名词，此处泛指“一名护士”，应用不定冠词。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：政府要求Florence带一群护士去照顾伤病员。结合“by the government”可知，主语Florence和动词ask之间是被动关系，且此处讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用was。故填was asked。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上。此处是“the+形容词”的用法，表示一类人，wounded受伤的，the wounded伤员。故填wounded。
【46题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：Florence和她的团队工作非常努力，每天打扫医院的房间和铺床。空处是和worked以及made并列的谓语动词，应用动词过去式。故填cleaned。
【47题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：晚上，她会从一个房间走到另一个房间，检查病人。动词check和主语she之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填checking。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意：她经常留下来与病人交谈，为他们提供安慰。provide sth for sb为某人提供某物，固定短语，故填for。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：战争结束后，Florence开设了一所学校，教护士如何正确照顾病人。修饰动词短语looked after，应用副词形式。故填properly。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，她从未真正从她在战争中所患的疾病中完全康复，她于1910年去世。结合空前的a可知，空处应填名词作make的宾语，recovery恢复，痊愈，名词。故填recovery。
第四部分 写作(共三节，满分45分)
第一节 单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据首字母或汉语提示用单词的适当形式填空。
51. He made a mistake, for he o______ one important fact.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】overlooked##verlooked
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他犯了一个错误，因为他忽略了一个重要的事实。设空处为从句谓语，根据主句时态可知是一般过去时，根据首字母和句意，可知是overlook“忽略”，故填overlooked。
52. People tend to make ______ (假设) about you based on your appearance.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】assumptions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们倾向于根据你的外表对你做出假设。空处填名词作宾语，结合汉语提示可知，assumption假设，可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填assumptions。
53. He knows little about American literature. No wonder your lecture was beyond his c______.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】comprehension##omprehension
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他对美国文学知之甚少。难怪你的演讲超出了他的理解力。根据单词首字母和句意“理解力”以及前文beyond his可知，此处应用名词comprehension单数形式作介词宾语。故填comprehension。
54. This books provides a detailed ______ (分析) of the crimes committed by teenagers and their causes. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】analysis
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这本书详细分析了青少年犯罪及其原因。分析句式结构再根据汉语提示可知，此处用名词analysis作宾语表示“分析”符合语境。故填analysis。
55. The maids spent the whole morning ______ (擦亮) the glass to get prepared for the party. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】polishing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：女仆们花了整个上午的时间擦玻璃，为聚会做准备。根据汉语提示“擦亮”以及spend time(in) doing可知，此处应用动词polish的动名词形式作宾语，故填polishing。
56. They argued against the notion that man should ______ (主宰) nature rather than live in harmony with it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】dominate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他们反对人应该主宰自然而不是与自然和谐相处的观点。根据汉语提示和情态动词should可知，此处用动词原形dominate表示“主宰”符合语境。故填dominate。
57. Mandela insisted his black people should use peaceful way instead of v______.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】violence##iolence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：曼德拉坚持认为他的黑人人民应该用和平而非暴力的方式。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应用名词violence作介词of后的宾语，意为“暴力，暴行”，抽象名词不可数。故填violence。
58. Addicted to computer games, Tom can’t concentrate on study, leading to the decline of a______ performance. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】academic##cademic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：Tom沉迷于电脑游戏，无法专心学习，导致学习成绩下降。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词performance，结合句意首字母提示可知，academic学业的，学术的，形容词。故填academic。
59. The scientist has made o______ (杰出的) achievements in the field of the outer space. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】outstanding##utstanding
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位科学家在外层空间领域取得了杰出的成就。根据句意，结合首字母和汉语提示可知，应使用形容词outstanding作定语修饰名词achievements，其意为“杰出的，优秀的”。故填outstanding。
60. All the ______ (代表) from different countries voiced their opinions on global warming. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】representatives
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：来自不同国家的代表都发表了他们对全球变暖的看法。分析句子结构，此处作主语，具有名词性。根据汉语提示“代表”，representative代表，结合前面all，representative为可数名词，可知用名词复数形式，representatives符合题意。故填representatives。
第二节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Recently, one of my friends have sent me a short message, say that true friends are one soul in two bodies. It moves me very much and makes me think how true friendship is.
Nowadays, the word friendship has been used very often that it has lost its meaning. Some jokingly put it that friends are made to be taken advantage. In my opinion, true friendship doesn’t mean that when you need your friends’ help, you’ll treat them for dinner. True friendship is the communication of the hearts and understand of the friends’ souls. True friends keep you in the mind, no matter where they are. Once you have found such true friends, do treasure him. With friendship, life proves happily and harmonious.
【答案】第一处： have→has
第二处：say→saying
第三处：how→what
第四处：very→so
第五处：advantage后加of
第六处：for→to
第七处：understand→understanding
第八处：the去掉
第九处：him→them
第十处：happily→happy
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述什么是真正朋友。
【详解】第一处：考查主谓一致。句意：最近，我的一个朋友给我发了一条短信，说真正的朋友是两个身体一颗心。主语是one of my friends指的是我朋友中的一个，所以谓语应用第三人称单数，故将have改为has。
第二处：考查现在分词。句意：同上。分析可知，本句中的say是非谓语动词，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填将say改为saying。
第三处：考查宾语从句。句意：它让我非常感动，让我思考什么是真正的友谊。分析可知how true friendship is为宾语从句，连接词在从句中做表语，意为“什么”，故将how改为what。
第四处：考查结果状语从句。句意：如今，“友谊”这个词被使用得太频繁了，它已经失去了它的意义。分析可知，本句为so…that…结果状语从句，故将very改为so。
第五处：考查固定短语。句意：有人开玩笑说，朋友是用来被利用的。短语take advantage of，意为“利用”，符合句意和语境，故在advantage后加of。
第六处：考查固定短语。句意：在我看来，真正的友谊并不意味着当你需要朋友的帮助时，你会请他们吃饭。短语treat sb.to，意为“用……款待某人”，符合句意和语境，故将for改为to。
第七处：考查名词。句意：真正的友谊是心灵的交流，是朋友灵魂的理解。分析可知understand在句中是表语，应用名词形式，故将understand改为understanding。
第八处：考查固定短语。句意：真正的朋友会把你记在心里，无论他们身在何处。短语keep...in mind，意为“记住”，符合句意和语境，故将the去掉。
第九处：考查代词。句意：一旦你找到了这样真正的朋友，一定要珍惜他们。分析可知，treasure的宾语指代的是true friends，应用代词them代替，故将him改为them。
第十处：考查形容词。句意：有了友谊，生活就变得幸福和和谐。分析可知prove是系动词，应用形容词做表语，故将happily改为happy。
第三节 书面表达(满分25分)
62. 假设你是李华，你校图书馆准备购置一批新书，以下是现有图书的情况（图表），现广泛征求学生们的意见。请你用英文发一封邮件至校长信箱，内容包括：
1.描述现有图书情况；
2.你希望购置哪一类图书；
3.你的理由。
参考词汇：学科辅导类lest-prep books
注意：1.词数100词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear headmaster,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear headmaster,
I’m Li Hua, a student from Grade 1, Class 1. I’m very glad to hear that our school has decided to buy new books for the library.
Although our library has a large collection of books, I don’t think they can meet students’ needs. Among all the books, test-prep books are in the majority, making up 60 percent. 20 percent of the books belong to biography and 10 percent art. Only 15 percent are literature books, which is too small.
So I think we should buy more literature books, especially the ones of traditional Chinese. They can not only make us feel relaxed in the busy study, but also broaden our vision and enrich our minds, helping us form the right attitude toward life.
I would appreciate it if you would take my suggestion into consideration.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，你校图书馆准备购置一批新书，以下是现有图书的情况（图表），现广泛征求学生们的意见。请你用英文发一封邮件至校长信箱。
【详解】1.词汇积累
购买：buy→purchase
高兴的：glad→pleased
放松的：relaxed→be at ease
建议：suggestion→advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：They can not only make us feel relaxed in the busy study, but also broaden our vision and enrich our minds, helping us form the right attitude toward life.
拓展句：They can not only make us feel relaxed in the busy study, but also broaden our vision and enrich our minds, which help us form the right attitude toward life.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Although our library has a large collection of books, I don’t think they can meet students’ needs. (运用了although引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] I’m very glad to hear that our school has decided to buy new books for the library. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
听力答案：1~5 BCABA 6~10 ACBAC 11~15 BCABA 16~20 BBABC
铁人中学2020级高三学年上学期开学考试
英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
1. What does the man mean?
A. His article is quite long. B. He is finishing the article. C. He can’t finish the article on time.
2. How does the woman go back home today?
A. By bus. B. By subway. C. By car.
3. What does the man mean?
A. She can only use the English dictionary in the library.
B. She is welcome to use the English dictionary at any time.
C. She can borrow the English dictionary from the library.
4. Who is the girl coming up to the speakers?
A. Lisa, the taller of twin sisters. B. Linda, the taller of twin sisters. C. Lisa, the shorter of twin sisters.
5. What does the woman most likely mean?
A. They have different mail ways. B. They have only one mail way. C. She doesn’t know how to answer.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. When will the plane take off?
A. At 4:30. B. At 5:00. C. At 5:30.
7. Where is the woman going?
A. To New York. B. To Washington. C. To New York then to Washington.
8. What is the woman probably going to do in Washington?
A. Go to work. B. Go to school. C. Stay with her sister.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9. What will the woman do at first after class?
A. Pick up her brother. B. Do some housework. C. Do her homework.
10. What does the man want to do?
A. Have a dinner. B. Listen to a concert. C. Watch a movie.
11. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. They will go out for a movie.
B. They might meet each other.
C. They will play computer game together.
听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。
12. What time do you think the plane takes off?
A. Five to ten. B. Five past ten. C. Five to eleven.
13. What is probably Tom?
A. A student. B. A teacher. C. Head teacher.
14. Which month do you think it is now?
A. July. B. November. C. March.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Tourist and tour guide. B. Tourist and designer. C. Two tourists.
16. What can we know about the hotel?
A. The queen Cleopatra used to live there.
B. It is named after a well-known person.
C. It is the tallest building in the world.
17. What is true about the hotel room?
A. It’s far from the beach.
B. It provides a splendid view of the sea.
C. The temperature of the room is comfortable.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is Enrique Iglesias?
A. A singer. B. An actor. C. A writer.
19. Where is Natalie Portman from?
A. Korea. B. The US. C. Latin America.
20. What will Ahn talk about?
A. His latest music and his wife. B. His life and his future plans. C. His past experiences and feelings.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Situated along the Pacific Flyway, a good migratory path that stretches from Alaskn to Patagonia, Santa Cruz plays host to hundreds of bird species. Just head to one of the spots listed below and see for yourself!
UCSC Arboretum
The diverse plants that attract a wide range of birds make these gardens a wonderful place to start. Mark your calendar for the Arboretum's popular Hummingbird Days, a family-friendly festival that celebrates the tiny birds on March 5th and 6th.
Natural Bridges State Beach
This scenic park is excellent for bird watchers due to its wide sampling of local habitats. Over 250 bird species have been recorded in the area.
Neary Lagoon
Birdsong fills the air at this peaceful oasis less than a 10-minute walk from the fun of the Santa Cruz Beach. A walkway allows visitors a front-row view of birds such as American Coots.
Watsonville Wetlands
The wetlands provide a year-round home for local birds and serve as a stop for migratory birds visiting from faraway. Drop by the Nature Centre for exhibits, maps, and suggestions for best spots to visit.
Birding Tips
●The early birder gets the worm. You’re likely to see more birds earlier rather than later in the day.
●No two visits are likely to be the same. Varying times and seasons bring different birds and behaviour.
●No matter how cute those little birds are, you should resist feeding them with your bread. It's unhealthy for the bird and the surrounding ecosystem.
How to Get More Involved
We recommend joining the Santa Cruz Birding Club for public events and abundant online guides. Contact us free at Birding & Wildlife Watch Kit for registration.
1. Why are there many birds in the UCSC Arboretum?
A. The place is very family-friendly.
B. There are many kinds of plants.
C. There are Arboretum's Hummingbird Days.
D. The place has wide sampling of local habitats.
2. Which place can one reach easily on foot from the Santa Cruz Beach?
A. Neary Lagoon. B. UCSC Arboretum.
C. Watsonville Wetlands. D. Natural Bridges State Beach
3. When is the best time to watch more birds?
A. In the morning. B. In the noon. C. In the afternoon. D. In the evening.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了圣克鲁兹岛观鸟场地以及人们观鸟时应该注意的一些事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据UCSC Arboretum部分的“The diverse plants that attract a wide range of birds…(各种各样的植物吸引了各种各样的鸟类……)”可知，UCSC Arboretum有很多鸟是因为有很多种植物。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Neary Lagoon部分的“Birdsong fills the air at this peaceful oasis less than a 10-minute walk from the fun of the Santa Cruz Beach. A walkway allows visitors a front-row view of birds such as American Coots.(在这片宁静的绿洲，鸟鸣弥漫着空气，距离圣克鲁斯海滩的乐趣步行不到10分钟。一条走道让游客可以在前排看到美国白骨顶等鸟类)”可知，从圣克鲁斯海滩步行就可以轻松到达Neary Lagoon。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Birding Tips部分第一点的“You’re likely to see more birds earlier rather than later in the day.(你可能会在一天的早些时候看到更多的鸟)”可知，在一天中，去得更早（在早上）会看到更多的鸟。故选A。
B
In the world of water, 2021 was another year for the record books. Parts of Western Europe suffered from deadly floods while large areas of the southwestern United States remained locked in a massive drought.
One might think that our impressive water management would safeguard society from such catastrophic events. Yet when it comes to water, the past is no longer a good guide for the future and most of the water engineering is unprepared for consequences of increasingly occurring extreme weather. One of the most alarming wake-up calls came from the city of Cape Town, where the water taps of 4 million residents were nearly forced to be shut off after severe drought dried up its reservoir (水库).
Appealing as it might be, the solution is not to further build bigger and higher dams (水坝) that often result in more disastrous flooding. Rather, it is to work more with natural processes.
The Netherlands avoided major damage from the historic floods in July 2021 thanks to its recently completed project, which gives river room to spread out by redirecting floodwaters into wetlands, lowering parts of the stormy river by more than a foot. Agricultural practices offer another strategy. Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil’s water-holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre, creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods. This means farmland practices such as the planting of cover crops can not only raise output but improve water management.
Solutions don’t come easily, but they are key to a livable future. While it’s too late to avoid the impacts of climate change, we can avoid the worst of those impacts by investing more in such nature-based water solutions.
4. Cape Town is mentioned to show__________.
A. the reservoir was of no use
B. new water management is in need
C. how awful it was without tap water
D. the existing water management is impressive
5. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A. The Netherlands was spared from flood damage.
B The river’s water level was reduced to over a foot.
C. Improving soil’s water-holding ability is practical.
D. Planting crops boosts organisms at the cost of production.
6. Which of the following water projects might win the author’s favor?
① “Restoring Healthy Soil”
② “Filling Wetland”
③ “Strengthening Dam”
④ “Making Room for River”
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Water disaster: way out of control
B. Investment in water: a key to the future
C. Nature-based solution: a way out for water
D. Good news: farming practices working well
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍水灾频发下给水治理带来的新启示。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“Yet when it comes to water, the past is no longer a good guide for the future and most of the water engineering is unprepared for consequences of increasingly occurring extreme weather. One of the most alarming wake-up calls came from the city of Cape Town, where the water taps of 4 million residents were nearly forced to be shut off after severe drought dried up its reservoir (水库). (然而，说到水，过去不再是未来的良好指南，大多数水利工程对日益发生的极端天气的后果毫无准备。其中一个最令人震惊的警钟来自开普敦市，在严重干旱导致水库干涸后，该市400万居民的水龙头几乎被迫关闭)”和下文“如何利用水治理应对灾害的方法”可知，极端天气日益频繁而以前的水利工程不适用于新的变化，开普敦就是一个例子，紧接着后文谈及应该如何做，所以提及开普敦是为了表明我们需要新的水治理方式。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的“Agricultural practices offer another strategy. Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil’s water-holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre, creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods. (农业实践提供了另一种策略。科学家们发现，将土壤中的有机质增加1%，可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英亩18000加仑，从而在强降雨和干旱期都具有灵活性)”可知，提高土壤有机物能提高其持水容量（从而有利于应对干旱和洪涝），这在农业实践上是可行的。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的“Agricultural practices offer another strategy. Scientists have found that boosting organic matter in the soil by 1% can increase the soil’s water-holding capacity by up to 18,000 gallons per acre, creating flexibility to both intense rains and dry periods. (农业实践提供了另一种策略。科学家们发现，将土壤中的有机质增加1%，可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英亩18000加仑，从而在强降雨和干旱期都具有灵活性)”可知，提高土壤有机物，恢复土壤健康，这能提高其持水容量（从而有利于应对干旱和洪涝），这在农业实践上是可行的，说明作者赞同①“恢复土壤健康”；由第四段中的“The Netherlands avoided major damage from the historic floods in July 2021 thanks to its recently completed project, which gives river room to spread out by redirecting floodwaters into wetlands, lowering parts of the stormy river by more than a foot. (由于最近完成的项目，荷兰避免了历史性洪灾造成的重大损失，该项目通过将洪水重新导向湿地，将暴雨河流的一部分降到一英尺以上，使河流空间得以扩展)”可知，荷兰通过最近的水利项目使河流空间得以扩展，避免了历史性洪灾造成的重大损失，说明④“为河流腾出空间”会赢得作者的青睐；可得出作者会赞同①④水利工程。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。由第三段“Appealing as it might be, the solution is not to further build bigger and higher dams (水坝) that often result in more disastrous flooding. Rather, it is to work more with natural processes. (尽管这可能很有吸引力，但解决办法是不要进一步建造更大、更高的水坝，这往往会导致更严重的洪水。相反，要更多地利用自然过程)”，最后一段中的“While it’s too late to avoid the impacts of climate change, we can avoid the worst of those impacts by investing more in such nature-based water solutions. (虽然现在避免气候变化的影响为时已晚，但我们可以通过加大对此类基于自然的水解决方案的投资来避免最糟糕的影响)”和其它段落可知，文章以灾害引入，进而举例谈及用基于自然的方法解决问题，结尾呼吁对自然方法的投资，C项“基于自然的解决方案：水的出路”一语双关，既指自然方法提供出路，又指把水通过自然方式导出去。故选C项。
C
The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.
Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.
Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.
The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.
To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new businesses and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around ￡500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr. Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.
Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.
For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior(外部的) advertising space.
The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonhury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.
8. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents .
A. economically desirable
B. favorable to the environment
C. for holding music performances
D. designed for disaster relief
9. Mr. Dunlop established his business .
A. independently with an interest-free loan from Mint
B. with the approval of the City’s administration
C. in partnership with a finance group
D. with the help of a Japanese architect
10. It is implied in the passage that .
A. the weather in the UK. is changeable in summer
B. most performances at British festivals are given in the open air
C. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailored
D. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users
11. The passage is mainly concerned with .
A. an attempt at developing recyclable tents
B. some efforts at making full use of cardboards
C. an unusual success of a graduation project
D. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。为了让大型节日庆典更环保，James Dunlop获得灵感研发了一种可循环利用的帐篷，目前他的想法已经得到一家公司的支持。这种新型环保帐篷有望在明年上市。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.（eco-friendly 帐篷用纸板做，在乐队和人群离开回家后，可以重复使用）可知，这种帐篷是对环境有利的。另外，根据eco-friendly的构成也可猜出其含义为“对环境有利的”。 B. favorable to the environment.(对环境有力的)符合eco-friendly的意思。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new businesses and found a supporter in the finance group Mint.（为了筹钱，他去了本地为新业务提供资金的公司，其中财团Mint成为他的支持者）可知，Mr. Dunlop与Mint为合作关系。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。倒数第二段最后一句“They can be personalized"（它们可以个性化定制）暗示可以根据用户的要求来制作，选项C the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailored（他生产的帐篷可以为使用者专门定做）符合意思。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.（绿色商业的胜利一定会吸引有环保意识的音乐爱好者，一名设计专业的学生将获得财政支持，用纸板制作环保帐篷，这些帐篷在乐队和人群回家后可以回收）可知本篇主要讲，设计专业学生尝试使用纸板制作可回收的环保帐篷。A. an attempt at developing recyclable tents（开发可回收帐篷的尝试）可以概括本篇大意。故选A项。
D
Are you the only child in your family? If so, do you enjoy it or do you want more siblings（兄弟姐妹）?
On May 31, a key meeting of the Communist Party of China unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children.
The move is expected to maximize the population's role in driving economic and social growth, since this is a critical time for China to transform the world's most populous country into a powerhouse（强国）with a quality workforce, according to the National Health Commission.
The three-child policy is also expected to prevent the decline in the nation's birthrate and address the challenge of a rapidly aging population, China Daily reported.
China's annual number of newborns has fallen for four years in a row. The country's total birthrate—the average number of children born to each woman—stood at 1.3 in 2020. The number is below the rate of 2.1 that would maintain a stable population, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.
The declining birthrate has also brought a sharp increase in the proportion of the population aged 60 or above, rising from 10.3 percent to 18.7 percent in the past decade. An increasingly elderly population will increase the cost of labor and the pressure on the social security net. It also means there will be a lack of young labor force. Therefore, it's not good for economic growth, according to Chen Youhua, a professor at Nanjing University.
In fact, the new birth policy is a step to further relax the family planning policy. The one-child policy was introduced in the 1970s and aimed to control the fast-growing population. Then in 2013, China allowed couples to have a second child if either parent was an only child, and in 2016, all couples were allowed to have two children.
However, not all people have shown their support for this latest policy. Many couples complained about the rising costs of raising a child. A netizen named Qinfeng commented, "High cost of education and both the physical and mental exhaustion stopped me from having more than one child." Also, many women are reluctant（不情愿的）to give birth because that could mean sacrificing their career prospects, according to Mu Guangzong, a professor at Peking University.
In that case, Mu noted that it is better to implement supporting measures with the three-child policy, such as more preferential（优惠的）policies for couples that would ease their parental burden.
12. What might NOT be the main cause for the new policy?
A. To increase the population's role.
B. To stop the declining birthrate.
C. To improve the child- care service system.
D. To address the challenge of the aging population.
13. What can be known from the text?
A. China's annual number of newborns has fallen for decades.
B. The government will protect the legal rights of women in employment.
C. Measures will be taken to improve the high-quality education.
D. The new policy allows couples to have up to three children.
14. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "implement"?
A. To carry out. B. To get along with.
C. To make use of. D. To have a command of.
15. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To show his love of children healthcare.
B. To introduce the new family size policy.
C. To share his concerns about birthrate.
D. To emphasize the physical and mental exhaustion.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了即将实施的“三孩”政策。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“The move is expected to maximize the population's role in driving economic and social growth, since this is a critical time for China to transform the world's most populous country into a powerhouse（强国）with a quality workforce, according to the National Health Commission.(国家卫生健康委员会表示，此举预计将最大限度地发挥人口在推动经济和社会增长中的作用，因为目前是中国将世界上人口最多的国家转变为拥有高素质劳动力的强国的关键时刻。)”、第四段“The three-child policy is also expected to prevent the decline in the nation's birthrate and address the challenge of a rapidly aging population, China Daily reported.( 据《中国日报》报道，三孩政策还有望防止中国出生率的下降，并应对人口快速老龄化的挑战。)”可知，选择项A、B、D在文中都提到过。选择项C“完善托儿服务体系”不是新政策的主要原因。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On May 31, a key meeting of the Communist Party of China unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children.( 5月31日，中共中央召开重要会议，公布了一项政策，允许所有夫妇最多生育三个孩子。)可知，政府即将采取新政策，允许一对夫妻生育第三胎。故选D。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句“such as more preferential（优惠的）policies for couples that would ease their parental burden.(比如为夫妇提供更多的优惠政策，以减轻他们的负担。)”可知，为了实施三孩政策，需要配套相应的措施。所以implement应为“实施”之意。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了即将实施的“三孩”政策。所以可以推断，作者的写作意图是介绍一项（家庭规模）新政策。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Narcissists (自恋者) are people who are simply interested in themselves. They talk about themselves, demand admiration and recognition and believe everyone else should envy them.____16____. When you come across a narcissistic person, your initial reaction might be shocks but in some cases the best reaction might be none at all.
Understand that narcissism is a personality disorder.____17____. Often the person can’t help himself—he actually believes his idea of being superior to others. Remember that Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is classified as a mental illness.
____18____. A narcissist feeds off attention from others. When the person starts talking about himself excessively, the best thing to do is just walk away—leave the situation.
Have reasonable expectations about the person and his ability to stop being self-absorbed. This is not a disorder that goes away on its own—often the person will need intensive counseling to deal with his narcissism. Suggest counseling if you are in a close relationship with the person, such as a marriage. ____19____, his condition may improve with treatment
____20____. A narcissist can be a burden on his friends and family and will often put others down as a way of building himself up. It is important to have high confidence yourself, so that you do not start to believe and absorb what he says as if it is the truth.
A. Stay positive and strong-minded
B. Ignore the person whenever possible
C. Give him or her a hand whenever possible
D. While he may not be able to stop the behavior completely
E. Often it is rooted in childhood issues, such as abuse or neglect
F. When you are suffering from this kind of mental disorder occasionally
G. They might even lie or exaggerate (夸大) the truth as a way to lift themselves
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文，自恋者是指那些只是对自己很感兴趣的人。本文介绍了与自恋者打交道时应注意的一些问题和建议。
【16题详解】
上文“Narcissists (自恋者) are people who are simply interested in themselves. They talk about themselves, demand admiration and recognition and believe everyone else should envy them.(自恋者是指仅仅对自己感兴趣的人。他们谈论他们自己，要求别人的钦佩和认可，并相信其他人都应该嫉妒他们)”讲述了自恋者的一些表现，只对自己感兴趣，认为别人都应该嫉妒他，因此推断G项“他们甚至可能通过撒谎或夸大真相来提升自己”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，谈论自恋者的一些外在表现，故选G。
【17题详解】
上文“Understand that narcissism is a personality disorder.(要理解自恋是一种人格障碍)”讲述自恋是一种心理疾病，下文“Often the person can’t help himself—he actually believes his idea of being superior to others.(通常这个人无法控制自己——他实际上相信自己比别人优越的想法)”分析这种心理疾病的根源，因此推断E项“它通常植根于童年时期的问题，如虐待或忽视”符合语境，与下文是并列关系，分析自恋产生的根源，承上启下。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据下文提供的建议“A narcissist feeds off attention from others. When the person starts talking about himself excessively, the best thing to do is just walk away—leave the situation.(一个自恋者会吸引别人的注意力。当这个人开始过分地谈论自己时，最好的办法就是离开——离开这种情况)” ，遇到自恋者谈论自己选择离开是最好的办法。因此推断B项“尽可能地忽略这个人”符合语境，面对自恋者时的最好解决办法是忽视他，离开这种情况。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据下文“his condition may improve with treatment (他的病情可以通过治疗改善)”可知，此处谈论如何阻止自恋的产生，空处是一个从句，D项“尽管可能无法完全阻止这种行为”符合语境，与下文构成让步关系。故选D。
【20题详解】
下文“It is important to have high confidence yourself, so that you do not start to believe and absorb what he says as if it is the truth. (对自己有很高的自信是重要的，以便于你不会开始相信和理解他说的似乎是事实)”建议你要积极自信。因此推断A项“保持乐观和意志坚强”符合语境。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Williams, once a librarian, now 54-year old, became an elementary school teacher and tutor in Danville, Virginia, she wanted her students to fall in love with ____21____ just as she had. But early on, she ____22____ some kids had limited ____23____ to books. To Williams, the ____24____ was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, she ____25____ gave away 900 used children’s books over three days. Most people would be ____26____ with that.
“I wanted to do something that’s going to ____27____ my faith, my work ethic, my everything.” So she ____28____ a new goal for herself: Give away one million books. It sounds like an ____29____ number, but as Williams ____30____ on Facebook: “Don’t complain in the bleachers (露天看台) if you aren’t willing to work hard out on the field.”
So she got down to ____31____, first by persuading friends to donate books.or ____32____ buy books. Before long, as news of Williams’s project ____33____, strangers started leaving packs of ____34____ on her front porch.
As quickly as the books come in, Williams ____35____ them to local schools—free of charge. She also ____36____ a book club for prisoners in the local jail.
In the four years she’s been doing all this, the Book Lady, as Williams has come to be known, has ____37____ more than 78,000 books—only 922,000 more to reach her ____38____! And she’s not slowing down. It’s too important for kids with ____39____ options. “Reading can take you anywhere. You can travel in time and ____40____. If you can read, you can learn almost anything.”
21. A. teaching B. reading C. drawing D. writing
22. A. assumed B. predicted C. realized D. heard
23. A. access B. energy C. time D. experience
24. A. proposal B. method C. enthusiasm D. solution
25. A. reluctantly B. occasionally C. constantly D. readily
26. A. astonished B. disappointed C. satisfied D. embarrassed
27. A. lose B. restore C. break D. stretch
28. A. set B. achieved C. kept D. expected
29. A. unavoidable B. unreachable C. irresistible D. unreliable
30. A. promoted B. discovered C. posted D. wrote
31. A. travel B. debate C. talk D. work
32. A. money B. projects C. libraries D. advertisement
33. A. came B. spread C. transported D. controlled
34. A. novels B. food C. books D. drinks
35. A. offers B. returns C. takes D. lends
36. A. continues B. prefers C. hosts D. joins
37. A. recommended B. contributed C. bought D. searched
38. A. responsibility B. judgement C. plan D. goal
39. A. few B. strange C. special D. wise
40. A. wonder B. space C. adventure D. passion
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了54岁的威廉姆斯自发为那些没什么机会接触到图书的孩子募捐图书的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现年54岁的威廉姆斯曾经是一名图书管理员，当她成为弗吉尼亚州丹维尔的一名小学教师和家庭教师时，她希望她的学生也能像她一样爱上阅读。A. teaching教学；B. reading阅读；C. drawing画画；D. writing写。结合后文威廉姆斯捐赠图书，可知她希望学生爱上阅读。故选B。
22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在早期，她意识到一些孩子接触书籍的机会有限。A. assumed假设；B. predicted预测；C. realized意识到；D. heard听见。根据后文“some kids had limited…to books”指意识到孩子接触书籍的机会有限。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在早期，她意识到一些孩子接触书籍的机会有限。A. access入口，使用；B. energy能量；C. time时间；D. experience经历。根据后文“to books”指接触书籍，短语为have access to。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对威廉姆斯来说，解决办法很简单：给孩子们书。A. proposal提议；B. method方法；C. enthusiasm热情；D. solution解决方案。上文提到了孩子接触书籍的机会有限的问题，后文“给孩子们”是解决方案。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：2017年，她很迅速在三天内送出900本用过儿童书籍。A. reluctantly不情愿地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. constantly持续地；D. readily迅速地。根据后文“gave away 900 used children’s books over three days”可知，2017年，她很迅速在三天内送出900本用过的儿童书籍。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人会对此感到满意。A. astonished吃惊的；B. disappointed失望的；C. satisfied满意的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。上文提到她在三天内送出900本用过的儿童书籍，颇有成绩，因此大多数会对取得的这一成就感到满意。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想做一些能够延伸我的信仰，职业道德，以及我的一切的事情。A. lose失去；B. restore恢复；C. break打破；D. stretch伸展。根据后文“my faith, my work ethic, my everything”可知威廉姆斯想做一些能够延伸信仰，职业道德，以及一切的事情。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她给自己定了一个新目标：捐出一百万本书。A. set设置；B. achieved实现；C. kept保持；D. expected期待。根据后文“a new goal for herself”指设定目标，应用set。故选A。
29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个无法完成的数字，但正如威廉姆斯在Facebook上发布的：“如果你不愿意在球场上努力锻炼，不要在看台上抱怨。”A. unavoidable不可避免的；B. unreachable无法达到的；C. irresistible无法抗拒的；D. unreliable不可靠的。上文“Give away one million books”提到要捐赠一百万本书，这听起来像是一个无法完成的数字，unreachable符合语境。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个无法完成的数字，但正如威廉姆斯在Facebook上发布的：“如果你不愿意在球场上努力锻炼，不要在看台上抱怨。”A. promoted提高；B. discovered发现；C. posted张贴，发布；D. wrote写。根据后文“on Facebook”指在Facebook上发布内容，应用post。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是她开始着手工作，首先说服朋友们捐书或出钱买书。A. travel旅行；B. debate辩论；C. talk谈话；D. work工作。根据后文“first by persuading friends to donate books or”可知威廉姆斯为了实现自己的目标，开始着手工作。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是她开始着手工作，首先说服朋友们捐书或出钱买书。A. money钱；B. projects项目；C. libraries图书馆；D. advertisement广告。根据后文“buy books”指出钱买书，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，威廉姆斯项目的消息传开后，陌生人开始把一包包的书放在她家的前廊上。A. came来到；B. spread传播；C. transported运输；D. controlled控制。根据后文“strangers started leaving packs of”可知陌生人也加入了捐书的行列，说明威廉姆斯项目的消息传开了。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久，威廉姆斯项目的消息传开后，陌生人开始把一包包的书放在她家的前廊上。A. novels小说；B. food食物；C. books书籍；D. drinks饮料。根据上文可知，威廉姆斯想要的是书籍，所以是把书籍放在门廊。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些书一到，威廉姆斯就免费提供给当地学校。A. offers提供；B. returns返回；C. takes带走；D. lends借给。根据后文“them to local schools”指给当地学校提供书籍。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还为当地监狱的囚犯举办了一个读书俱乐部。A. continues继续；B. prefers更喜欢；C. hosts主持，举办；D. joins加入。根据后文“a book club for prisoners in the local jail”指为当地监狱的囚犯举办了一个读书俱乐部。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她所做的这些事情的四年里，这位被人们所熟知的“读书女士”已经捐赠了78000多本书——仅再贡献922000本就能实现她的目标！A. recommended建议；B. contributed捐赠，贡献；C. bought购买；D. searched搜索。根据上文可知，威廉姆斯项目的目的就是捐赠图书，故此处指捐赠了78000多本书。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她所做的这些事情的四年里，这位被人们所熟知的“读书女士”已经捐赠了78000多本书——仅再贡献922000本就能实现她的目标！A. responsibility责任；B. judgement判断；C. plan计划；D. goal目标。呼应上文“a new goal for herself”指实现目标。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对那些别无选择的孩子来说太重要了。A. few很少的，几乎没有的；B. strange奇怪的；C. special特别的；D. wise明智的。呼应上文“some kids had limited”指那些接触书籍机会有限的孩子，故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以在时间和空间里旅行。A. wonder奇迹；B. space空间；C. adventure冒险；D. passion激情。根据上文“Reading can take you anywhere. You can travel in time and”可知，阅读可以带你去任何地方，即你可以穿越时间和空间。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hospitals haven’t always been clean and quiet places. Long ago they were dirty and crowded. Nurses were never taught ____41____ to look after their patients and many people died. It was Florence Nightingale who changed all this.
Florence was born in 1820. As a child, she often went with her mother ____42____ (visit) the poor people. They took food and medicine to the sick. It was these visits that first gave her the idea of becoming ____43____ nurse.
Her chance came in 1854 when Britain went to war with Russia. Florence ____44____ (ask) by the government to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the ____45____ (wound). The hospitals were dirty, and there wasn’t enough medicine. Florence and her team worked very hard, ____46____ (clean) the hospital rooms and made the bed every day. At night, she would go from room to room, ____47____ (check) on the patients. She often stayed to talk to the patients and provided comfort ____48____ them.
After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients ____49____ (proper). However, she never really made a full ____50____ (recover) from the illness that she had in the war, and she died in 1910.
【答案】41. how
42. to visit
43. a 44. was asked
45. wounded
46. cleaned
47. checking
48. for 49. properly
50. recovery
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了改变医院肮脏不堪的环境并传授专业护理知识的英国女护士Florence Nightingale的事迹。
【41题详解】
考查疑问副词。句意：护士从来没有被教过如何照顾他们的病人，许多人因此死亡。此处是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，结合句意可知，此处指“如何照顾他们的病人”，用疑问副词how。故填how。
【42题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：作为一个孩子，她经常和她的母亲去拜访穷人。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to visit。
【43题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：正是这些探访使她第一次产生了成为一名护士的想法。nurse是可数名词，此处泛指“一名护士”，应用不定冠词。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：政府要求Florence带一群护士去照顾伤病员。结合“by the government”可知，主语Florence和动词ask之间是被动关系，且此处讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用was。故填was asked。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上。此处是“the+形容词”的用法，表示一类人，wounded受伤的，the wounded伤员。故填wounded。
【46题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：Florence和她的团队工作非常努力，每天打扫医院的房间和铺床。空处是和worked以及made并列的谓语动词，应用动词过去式。故填cleaned。
【47题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：晚上，她会从一个房间走到另一个房间，检查病人。动词check和主语she之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填checking。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意：她经常留下来与病人交谈，为他们提供安慰。provide sth for sb为某人提供某物，固定短语，故填for。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：战争结束后，Florence开设了一所学校，教护士如何正确照顾病人。修饰动词短语looked after，应用副词形式。故填properly。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，她从未真正从她在战争中所患的疾病中完全康复，她于1910年去世。结合空前的a可知，空处应填名词作make的宾语，recovery恢复，痊愈，名词。故填recovery。
第四部分 写作(共三节，满分45分)
第一节 单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据首字母或汉语提示用单词的适当形式填空。
51. He made a mistake, for he o______ one important fact.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】overlooked##verlooked
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他犯了一个错误，因为他忽略了一个重要的事实。设空处为从句谓语，根据主句时态可知是一般过去时，根据首字母和句意，可知是overlook“忽略”，故填overlooked。
52. People tend to make ______ (假设) about you based on your appearance.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】assumptions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们倾向于根据你的外表对你做出假设。空处填名词作宾语，结合汉语提示可知，assumption假设，可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填assumptions。
53. He knows little about American literature. No wonder your lecture was beyond his c______.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】comprehension##omprehension
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他对美国文学知之甚少。难怪你的演讲超出了他的理解力。根据单词首字母和句意“理解力”以及前文beyond his可知，此处应用名词comprehension单数形式作介词宾语。故填comprehension。
54. This books provides a detailed ______ (分析) of the crimes committed by teenagers and their causes. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】analysis
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这本书详细分析了青少年犯罪及其原因。分析句式结构再根据汉语提示可知，此处用名词analysis作宾语表示“分析”符合语境。故填analysis。
55. The maids spent the whole morning ______ (擦亮) the glass to get prepared for the party. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】polishing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：女仆们花了整个上午的时间擦玻璃，为聚会做准备。根据汉语提示“擦亮”以及spend time(in) doing可知，此处应用动词polish的动名词形式作宾语，故填polishing。
56. They argued against the notion that man should ______ (主宰) nature rather than live in harmony with it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】dominate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他们反对人应该主宰自然而不是与自然和谐相处的观点。根据汉语提示和情态动词should可知，此处用动词原形dominate表示“主宰”符合语境。故填dominate。
57. Mandela insisted his black people should use peaceful way instead of v______.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】violence##iolence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：曼德拉坚持认为他的黑人人民应该用和平而非暴力的方式。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应用名词violence作介词of后的宾语，意为“暴力，暴行”，抽象名词不可数。故填violence。
58. Addicted to computer games, Tom can’t concentrate on study, leading to the decline of a______ performance. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】academic##cademic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：Tom沉迷于电脑游戏，无法专心学习，导致学习成绩下降。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词performance，结合句意首字母提示可知，academic学业的，学术的，形容词。故填academic。
59. The scientist has made o______ (杰出的) achievements in the field of the outer space. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】outstanding##utstanding
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位科学家在外层空间领域取得了杰出的成就。根据句意，结合首字母和汉语提示可知，应使用形容词outstanding作定语修饰名词achievements，其意为“杰出的，优秀的”。故填outstanding。
60. All the ______ (代表) from different countries voiced their opinions on global warming. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】representatives
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：来自不同国家的代表都发表了他们对全球变暖的看法。分析句子结构，此处作主语，具有名词性。根据汉语提示“代表”，representative代表，结合前面all，representative为可数名词，可知用名词复数形式，representatives符合题意。故填representatives。
第二节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Recently, one of my friends have sent me a short message, say that true friends are one soul in two bodies. It moves me very much and makes me think how true friendship is.
Nowadays, the word friendship has been used very often that it has lost its meaning. Some jokingly put it that friends are made to be taken advantage. In my opinion, true friendship doesn’t mean that when you need your friends’ help, you’ll treat them for dinner. True friendship is the communication of the hearts and understand of the friends’ souls. True friends keep you in the mind, no matter where they are. Once you have found such true friends, do treasure him. With friendship, life proves happily and harmonious.
【答案】第一处： have→has
第二处：say→saying
第三处：how→what
第四处：very→so
第五处：advantage后加of
第六处：for→to
第七处：understand→understanding
第八处：the去掉
第九处：him→them
第十处：happily→happy
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述什么是真正朋友。
【详解】第一处：考查主谓一致。句意：最近，我的一个朋友给我发了一条短信，说真正的朋友是两个身体一颗心。主语是one of my friends指的是我朋友中的一个，所以谓语应用第三人称单数，故将have改为has。
第二处：考查现在分词。句意：同上。分析可知，本句中的say是非谓语动词，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填将say改为saying。
第三处：考查宾语从句。句意：它让我非常感动，让我思考什么是真正的友谊。分析可知how true friendship is为宾语从句，连接词在从句中做表语，意为“什么”，故将how改为what。
第四处：考查结果状语从句。句意：如今，“友谊”这个词被使用得太频繁了，它已经失去了它的意义。分析可知，本句为so…that…结果状语从句，故将very改为so。
第五处：考查固定短语。句意：有人开玩笑说，朋友是用来被利用的。短语take advantage of，意为“利用”，符合句意和语境，故在advantage后加of。
第六处：考查固定短语。句意：在我看来，真正的友谊并不意味着当你需要朋友的帮助时，你会请他们吃饭。短语treat sb.to，意为“用……款待某人”，符合句意和语境，故将for改为to。
第七处：考查名词。句意：真正的友谊是心灵的交流，是朋友灵魂的理解。分析可知understand在句中是表语，应用名词形式，故将understand改为understanding。
第八处：考查固定短语。句意：真正的朋友会把你记在心里，无论他们身在何处。短语keep...in mind，意为“记住”，符合句意和语境，故将the去掉。
第九处：考查代词。句意：一旦你找到了这样真正的朋友，一定要珍惜他们。分析可知，treasure的宾语指代的是true friends，应用代词them代替，故将him改为them。
第十处：考查形容词。句意：有了友谊，生活就变得幸福和和谐。分析可知prove是系动词，应用形容词做表语，故将happily改为happy。
第三节 书面表达(满分25分)
62. 假设你是李华，你校图书馆准备购置一批新书，以下是现有图书的情况（图表），现广泛征求学生们的意见。请你用英文发一封邮件至校长信箱，内容包括：
1.描述现有图书情况；
2.你希望购置哪一类图书；
3.你的理由。
参考词汇：学科辅导类lest-prep books
注意：1.词数100词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear headmaster,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear headmaster,
I’m Li Hua, a student from Grade 1, Class 1. I’m very glad to hear that our school has decided to buy new books for the library.
Although our library has a large collection of books, I don’t think they can meet students’ needs. Among all the books, test-prep books are in the majority, making up 60 percent. 20 percent of the books belong to biography and 10 percent art. Only 15 percent are literature books, which is too small.
So I think we should buy more literature books, especially the ones of traditional Chinese. They can not only make us feel relaxed in the busy study, but also broaden our vision and enrich our minds, helping us form the right attitude toward life.
I would appreciate it if you would take my suggestion into consideration.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，你校图书馆准备购置一批新书，以下是现有图书的情况（图表），现广泛征求学生们的意见。请你用英文发一封邮件至校长信箱。
【详解】1.词汇积累
购买：buy→purchase
高兴的：glad→pleased
放松的：relaxed→be at ease
建议：suggestion→advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：They can not only make us feel relaxed in the busy study, but also broaden our vision and enrich our minds, helping us form the right attitude toward life.
拓展句：They can not only make us feel relaxed in the busy study, but also broaden our vision and enrich our minds, which help us form the right attitude toward life.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Although our library has a large collection of books, I don’t think they can meet students’ needs. (运用了although引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] I’m very glad to hear that our school has decided to buy new books for the library. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
听力答案：1~5 BCABA 6~10 ACBAC 11~15 BCABA 16~20 BBABC
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