2022-2023学年黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高二上学期开学考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高二上学期开学考试英语试题含解析，共40页。

 哈师大附中2021级高二上学期开学考试
英语试卷
（满分150分 时间120分钟）
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want?
A. Some books. B. Some envelopes. C. Some pencils.
2. What is the man’s hobby?
A. Playing computer games. B. Climbing mountains. C. Collecting coins.
3. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a museum. B. On a bus. C. At a bookstore.
4. What does the man mean?
A. The room doesn’t need painting.
B. The woman is not working hard.
C. The painting work should be finished this weekend.
5. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. A scientist. B. A book. C. A writer.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers doing?
A. Making a shopping list. B. Doing some shopping. C. Cooking dinner.
7. What have the speakers got at home?
A. Fish. B. Bread. C. Vegetables.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How does the man feel about his holiday?
A. Excited. B. Satisfied. C. Disappointed.
9. When does the conversation take place?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Who did the man mostly invite to the party?
A. His family. B. His co-workers. C. His schoolmates.
11. At what time is the party going to begin?
A. Around 8:00p. m. B. Around 7:00p. m. C. Around 6:00p. m.
12. What does the man suggest the woman take?
A. Beer. B. Juice. C. Music.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Show him around the school. B. Treat him to lunch. C. Look after a student.
14. When will Rosie Todd come to visit the school?
A. Next Monday. B. Next Tuesday. C. Next Wednesday.
15. Where can the woman find Rosie Todd at ten?
A. In the hall. B. In the lab. C. In the office.
16. What will the woman and Rosie Todd do together first?
A. Have a Spanish class. B. Practice English. C. Have lunch.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. A college. B. A course. C. A teacher.
18. What do we know about Helen Parkers?
A. She prepares the prize for the class.
B. She’s won many prizes for arts.
C. She is an experienced teacher.
19. What should students take to the courses?
A. Brushes. B. Paints. C. A notebook.
20. How often will the lessons take place a week?
A. Three times. B. Six times. C. Eight times.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）
第一节（共20小题：每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
American Express Gold: Best “non-travel” travel card
Why it’s great in one sentence: The American Express Gold card earns tons of valuable Amex travel points on practically all the food-related purchases you’re making even when you are not traveling, and the credits available on the card nearly offset (抵消) its annual fee.
This card is right for: People who can use all of the card’s various credits and who spend significant money at restaurants, on food delivery services or at U.S. supermarkets while they are not on the road.
Highlights:
First, with the Amex Gold, you’ll earn 4 points for every dollar you spend on restaurants worldwide, and on up to $25,000 in annual purchases at U.S. supermarkets (1 point per dollar afterwards). Most food delivery services count as “restaurants” on this card, so that means the vast majority of your food purchases will earn 4 points, regardless of how you’re eating.
You’ll also earn 3 points per dollar when you book airfare directly with an airline, so if you’re looking to jump on any sales for flights later in the year, you can pay for them with the Amex Gold and earn extra points on those as well.
The points earned on this card are American Express Membership Rewards points, which are extremely useful. You can redeem (兑取现金) them directly for flights via Amex Travel at 1 cent each, but if you put in some extra effort and research, you can potentially get much more value from them by transferring them to any of Amex’s 21 airline and hotel partners, which include Delta Air Lines, JetBlue, Marriott and many more.
1. What can we know about the American Express Gold card?
A. It requires no annual fee. B. It has a link with food purchases.
C. It is targeted at delivery services. D. It.is right for restaurant managers.
2. If you spend $ 25,800 annually at U.S. supermarkets, how many points will you earn?
A. 100,000. B. 100,800. C. 103,200. D. 400,000.
3. What can you do with these points on this card?
A. Change them into money to buy food.
B. Transfer guests from airlines to hotels.
C. Purchase services in suggested airlines.
D. Make some extra effort and do research.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是美国运通金卡的特点和优势。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“This card is right for: People who can use all of the card’s various credits and who spend significant money at restaurants, on food delivery services or at U.S. supermarkets while they are not on the road.(这张卡适用于：当你不在路上时，可以使用卡上所有的各种积分，或者在餐馆、外卖服务或美国超市花费大量金钱的人。)”可知，美国运通卡金卡与食品购买有关。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Highlights:部分的“First, with the Amex Gold, you’ll earn 4 points for every dollar you spend on restaurants worldwide, and on up to $25,000 in annual purchases at U.S. supermarkets (1 point per dollar afterwards).(首先，有了美国运通金牌，你在世界各地的餐厅每消费1美元就能获得4分，在美国超市每年消费最高25,000美元（之后每消费1美元可获得1分）。)”可获得的积分是25,000*4+800*1=100,800分，故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“You can redeem them directly for flights via Amex Travel at 1 cent each, but if you put in some extra effort and research, you can potentially get much more value from them by transferring them to any of Amex’s 21 airline and hotel partners, which include Delta Air Lines, JetBlue, Marriott and many more.(您可以通过美国运通旅行直接兑换机票，每张1美分，但如果你付出额外的努力和研究，你可以通过将它们转移到美国运通的21家航空公司和酒店合作伙伴，包括达美航空、捷蓝航空、万豪等那里，从而获得更多的价值。)”可知，你能用这张卡片上的积分在建议的航空公司购买服务。故选C。
B
Medha Gupta sometimes felt worried making the 20-minute walk from the corner where the school bus dropped her off to her home in Herndon, Va. — especially during the colder months in winter.
Her mother, Divya Gupta had a suggestion: write an app. She was half-kidding, but Medha took the challenge seriously. So she went to work.
The result was Safe Travel, an app designed by Medha to help walkers feel more secure when travelling alone. Using the iPhone, a person can program it to send a warning to someone he or she trusts if he or she fails to arrive at a destination within a certain time.
It was the first iOS app that Medha had created. While she didn’t think much would come from the project, her effort caught the eye of judges for the annual Congressional App Challenge, who selected her as the winner for Virginia’s 10th District.
The App Challenge is designed to encourage students to consider careers in science, technology, engineering, and math by experimenting with coding and computer science. Winning students are invited to attend a reception on Capitol Hill in April and also received $250 in Amazon Web Service credits.
Medha said it took her about 40 hours to design, program and test the app. As for her next app? Medha’s not certain. She temporarily has her app-development ambitions on hold because she’s busy teaching herself artificial intelligence to help deal with improper words on Facebook. Yes, she knows that there are teams of engineers probably doing the same thing. But she figures it can’t hurt her own part, too.
“If we see something wrong with the world, we should do something about it, ” she said. “After all, the only one stopping us from doing something is ourselves. ”
4. Why did Medha Gupta feel worried?
A. It took a long time to walk home.
B. It was colder than ever in winter.
C. It was unsafe to walk home alone.
D. It was difficult to write an app.
5. What is Medha’s attitude to her mother’s suggestion?
A. Curious. B. Sensitive. C. Uncertain. D. Optimistic.
6. What does the underlined phrase “on hold” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A. Delayed. B. Developed. C. Suspected. D. Satisfied.
7. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Medha registered for the App Challenge.
B. Medha designed Safe Travel successfully.
C. The App Challenge directs students to choose careers.
D. An app guides walkers home.
【答案】4 C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了Medha Gupta设计了一款名为“安全旅行”的应用，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。这款应用参加了应用程序挑战赛并成为获胜者。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Medha Gupta sometimes felt worried making the 20-minute walk from the corner where the school bus dropped her off to her home in Herndon, Va. — especially during the colder months in winter. (Medha Gupta有时会担心从校车停在的街角走20分钟到她在赫恩登的家——尤其是在寒冷的冬天。)”以及第三段中“The result was Safe Travel, an app designed by Medha to help walkers feel more secure when travelling alone.(结果就是Medha设计的一款名为“安全旅行”的应用，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。)”可知，Medha Gupta会感到担心是因为独自走回家不安全。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Her mother, Divya Gupta had a suggestion: write an app. She was half-kidding, but Medha didn’t take the challenge lightly. So she set out to work.(她的母亲Divya Gupta提出了一个建议：编写一个应用程序。但梅达认真对待这个挑战，但Medha并没有轻易接受这个挑战。于是她开始工作。)”可推知，Medha对母亲的建议持乐观态度。故选D。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“because she’s busy teaching herself artificial intelligence to help deal with improper words on Facebook.(因为她正忙着自学人工智能来帮助处理Facebook上的不当词汇。)”可知，Medha因为正忙着自学人工智能，帮助自己处理Facebook上的不当言论，所以让开发应用程序的雄心推迟了。划线词on hold意思是“推迟”。A. Delayed.推迟；B. Developed.发展；C. Suspected.怀疑；D. Satisfied.满足。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The result was Safe Travel, an app designed by Medha to help walkers feel more secure when travelling alone.(结果就是Medha设计的一款名为“安全旅行”的应用，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全) ”结合文章主要说明了Medha Gupta设计了一款名为“安全旅行”的应用，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。这款应用参加了应用程序挑战赛并成为获胜者。可知，文章主旨是Medha成功设计了“安全旅行”。故选B。
C
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
8. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
9. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.
A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely
10. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
11. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要电话运营商和消费者共同努力。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.可知，我们认识到了问题的严重性，支持和开发了旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number.可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话：自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。
D
When we’re busy doing things we love, we don’t think about how old we are or the state of our knees. But then something pulls us up short, like a polite young man offering his seat, or accompanying you to cross the road, and suddenly we’re walking more slowly, feeling just a little worse about life in general.
The way these internalized (内在化的) attitudes about aging affect us physically is a focus within a growing field in social psychology known as mind-body studies. In the next few months, the World Health Organization is expected to publish the results of a global investigation of ageism — discrimination toward the aged — that will address how to fight the prejudice. The report will also outline the various ways that ageist attitudes can affect the health and well-being of older people.
Psychologist Becca Levy is a contributor to the coming WHO report. She has spent her career linking negative aging attitudes to such measures as walking speed in older people, a greater likelihood of developing the brain changes of Alzheimer’s disease and even a reduction in life span. But it’s not all terrible. Levy, at the Yale School of Public Health, has also shown that something as simple as potential exposure to age-positive words can lead to physical improvements in older people of the sort. Those typically come about only after a program of regular exercise. If Levy and other scientists are correct, putting a more positive effect on our general view of aging might make a profound difference in the health of people over 65, the fastest-growing age group in America today. Some of the most surprising mind-body findings imply: A more positive attitude toward aging leads to improvements in older people’s memory, balance, speed and quality of life.
12. According to the passage, people will realize they’re at an advanced age when ______.
A. they are occupied with work B. their knees are easily hurt
C. someone helps them go across the street D. they offer seats to others
13. What can we know from the WHO report?
A. There is little prejudice to the elderly. B. Ageism may do physical and mental damage to the elderly.
C. People are supposed to fight against discrimination. D. Ageism is a main research field in social psychology.
14. What does Levy suggest people do?
A. Help the old to be more exposed to age-positive words. B. Communicate with the old using more complex words.
C. Help the old to take exercise regularly. D. Talk to the old more frequently.
15. What message is mainly conveyed in the passage?
A. Aging is an urgent problem to be solved around the world.
B. The internalized attitudes are determined by the aging process.
C. The senior citizens should live independently to slow aging.
D. Positive attitudes toward aging may pay off in older people’s health.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对衰老持更积极的态度会改善老年人的记忆力、平衡性、速度和生活质量。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When we’re busy doing things we love, we don’t think about how old we are or the state of our knees. But then something pulls us up short, like a polite young man offering his seat, or accompanying you to cross the road, and suddenly we’re walking more slowly, feeling just a little worse about life in general.(当我们忙着做自己喜欢的事情的时候，我们不会考虑自己的年龄和膝盖的状况。但突然有什么事让我们停下脚步，比如一个彬彬有礼的年轻人给我们让座，或者陪你过马路，突然我们走得更慢了，对生活的总体感觉有点糟糕。)”可知，我们只有别人在给我们让路、或者扶我过马路时才会觉得自己老了。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The report will also outline the various ways that ageist attitudes can affect the health and well-being of older people.(报告还将概述年龄歧视态度可能影响老年人健康和福祉的各种方式。)”可知，年龄歧视会影响老年人身心健康。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Levy, at the Yale School of Public Health, has also shown that something as simple as potential exposure to age-positive words can lead to physical improvements in older people of the sort.(耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的列维还表明，一些简单的事情，比如潜在地接触积极的年龄词汇，可以导致这类老年人的身体改善。)”可知，积极的年龄词汇对老年人有好处，所以人们可以帮助老年人多接触积极的年龄词汇。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“A more positive attitude toward aging leads to improvements in older people’s memory, balance, speed and quality of life.(对衰老持更积极的态度会改善老年人的记忆力、平衡性、速度和生活质量。)”及全文可知，如果对衰老抱有积极的态度，那么就会对老年人健康有好处。故选D。
E
Eddie McKay, a once-forgotten pilot, is a subject of great interest to a group of history students in Canada.
It all started when Graham Broad, a professor at the University of Western Ontario, found McKay’s name in a footnote in a book about university history. McKay was included in a list of university alumni (校友) who had served during the First World War, but his name was unfamiliar to Broad, a specialist in military history. Out of curiosity, Broad spent hours at the local archives(档案馆) in a fruitless search for information on McKay. Tired and discouraged, he finally gave up. On his way out, Broad’s glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old newspapers. His eye was drawn to an old picture of a young man in a rugby uniform. As he read the words beside the picture, he experienced a thrilling realization. “After looking for him all day, there he was, staring up at me out of the exhibiting case,” said Broad. Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his search. They combed old newspapers and other materials for clues. Gradually, a picture came into view.
Captain Alfred Edwin McKay joined the British Royal Flying Corps in 1916. He downed ten enemy planes, outlived his entire squadron (中队)as a WWI flyer, spent some time as a flying instructor in England, then returned to the front, where he was eventually shot down over Belgium and killed in December 1917. But there’s more to his story. “For a brief time in 1916 he was probably the most famous pilot in the world,” says Broad. “He was credited with downing Oswald Boelcke, the most famous German pilot at the time.” Yet, in a letter home, McKay refused to take credit, saying that Boelcke had actually crashed into another German plane.
McKay’s war records were destroyed during a World War II air bombing on London—an explanation for why he was all but forgotten.
But now, thanks to the efforts of Broad and his students, a marker in McKay’s memory was placed on the university grounds in November 2007. “I found my eyes filling with tears as I read the word ‘deceased’ (阵亡) next to his name,” said Corey Everrett, a student who found a picture of Mckay in his uniform. “This was such a simple example of the fact that he had been a student just like us, but instead of finishing his time at Western, he chose to fight and die for his country.”
16. What made Professor Broad continue his search for more information on McKay?
A. A uniform of McKay. B. A footnote about McKay.
C. A book on McKay. D. A picture of McKay.
17. What did the students find out about McKay?
A. He trained pilots for some time.
B. He lived longer than other pilots.
C. He died in the Second World War.
D. He was downed by the pilot Boelcke.
18. McKay’s flying documents were destroyed in .
A. Belgium B. Germany C. Canada D. England
19. We can learn from the last paragraph that McKay .
A. preferred fight to his study
B. went to war before graduation
C. left a picture for Corey Everrett
D. set an example for his fellow students
20. What is the text mainly about?
A. The research into war history.
B. The finding of a forgotten hero.
C. The pilots of the two world wars.
D. The importance of military studies.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一位被遗忘的飞行员McKay。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“His eye was drawn to an old picture of a young man in a rugby uniform. As he read the words beside the picture, he experienced a thrilling realization. “After looking for him all day, there he was, staring up at me out of the exhibiting case,” said Broad. Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his search. (他的目光被一张穿着橄榄球制服的年轻人的旧照片所吸引。当他读到图片旁边的文字时，他经历了一场激动人心的领悟。Broad说：“在找了他一整天之后，他就在那里，从展柜里盯着我”。Broad对这一发现感到兴奋，他要求他的学生继续他的搜索。)”可知，在看到McKay照片后，Broad继续了搜查McKay的信息，故选D。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“He downed ten enemy planes, outlived his entire squadron (中队)as a WWI flyer, spent some time as a flying instructor in England, then returned to the front, where he was eventually shot down over Belgium and killed in December 1917. (他击落了十架敌机，作为第一次世界大战的飞行者，他的整个中队都活了下来。在英国担任了一段时间的飞行教官，然后返回前线，最终在比利时上空被击落，并于1917年12月被杀。)”可知，学生们查明McKay在英国担任过飞行教官，故McKay曾指导过飞行员，故选A。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“McKay’s war records were destroyed during a World War II air bombing on London—an explanation for why he was all but forgotten. (McKay的战争记录在第二次世界大战对伦敦的一次空袭中被毁，这就解释了为什么他几乎被遗忘了。)”可知，McKay的飞行记录在英国伦敦被毁，故选D。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““This was such a simple example of the fact that he had been a student just like us, but instead of finishing his time at Western, he chose to fight and die for his country.”(“这是一个如此简单的例子，说明他和我们一样是一名学生，但他没有结束在西部大学的时间，而是选择为他的国家而战并死去”。)”可知，McKay毕业前就参战了，故选B。
【20题详解】
文章大意题。根据第一段“Eddie McKay, a once-forgotten pilot, is a subject of great interest to a group of history students in Canada. (Eddie McKay是一位曾经被遗忘的飞行员，他是加拿大一群历史系学生非常感兴趣的主题。)”可知，文章主要讲述一名被遗忘的英雄，故选B。
第二节（共10小题：每小题2分，满分20分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A
Dining alone is becoming more common, and there’s absolutely nothing to be embarrassed about if you want to take yourself out for a nice meal! Eating a meal on your own simply shows that you’re comfortable with yourself and confident that you’ll enjoy your own company. ____21____ Hopefully, you’ll be pleasantly surprised by the experience.
Sit on the patio when the weather is nice to enjoy the fresh air. Being alone on the patio is also a way to feel less conspicuous if you’re a little nervous dining alone. Just think of how many times you’ve passed a cafe and seen a solo diner reading their book and enjoying a lunchtime break! ____22____
Eat slowly and relish the flavors of your meal. You might want to eat as quickly as possible so you can leave, especially if you’re feeling self-conscious about eating alone. ____23____ Chew each bite thoroughly and think about the flavor profiles. Put your utensils down from time to time and look around or enjoy a sip of your drink.
Take a deep breath if you start to feel self-conscious. ____24____ You might feel like other people are looking at you or judging you, but try to remember that chances are, they’re too busy thinking about themselves. When negative feelings start to rise, pause, take a breath, and focus on your meal.
____25____ Stepping away from phone calls, texts, emails, and social media might be just the thing you need to unwind from a busy day. Doing away with your phone will help you be more present, enjoy yourself, and appreciate your meal.
A. Put your cell phone away.
B. Taste it in an active way.
C. Give it a try and see how it feels.
D. It’s much more common than you think.
E. Try to slow down and focus on your food.
F. Eating all by yourself may mean loneliness.
G. Eating alone can spark feelings of insecurity and anxiety.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. E 24. G 25. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了独自一人在外吃饭的几点建议。
【21题详解】
根据下文“Hopefully, you’ll be pleasantly surprised by the experience.”（希望你会对这次经历感到惊喜）可至此处鼓励读者尝试一下独自一人在外面吃饭，故C项（试一下，看看感觉如何）符合语境。
【22题详解】
根据上文“Just think of how many times you’ve passed a cafe and seen a solo diner reading their book and enjoying a lunchtime break!”（想想看，有多少次你路过一家咖啡馆，看到一个独自用餐的人在看书，享受惬意的午餐时间！）可知，独自一人在外吃饭很常见，how many times与选项中的much more common相对应，故D项（这比你想象的要普遍得多）符合语境。
【23题详解】
下文“Chew each bite thoroughly and think about the flavor profiles. Put your utensils down from time to time and look around or enjoy a sip of your drink.”（仔细咀嚼每一口，细细品味。不时放下餐具，环顾四周或啜饮一口）说明要慢慢品味美食，故E项（试着慢下来，专注于你的食物）符合语境。
【24题详解】
下文“You might feel like other people are looking at you or judging you”（你可能会觉得别人在看你或评判你）说明独自在外吃饭有时会引起紧张焦虑，且选项中的feelings of insecurity and anxiety与下文中的negative feelings一致，故G项（独自在外吃饭会引发不安全感和焦虑感）符合语境。
【25题详解】
下文“Stepping away from phone calls, texts, emails, and social media might be just the thing you need to unwind from a busy day. Doing away with your phone will help you be more present, enjoy yourself, and appreciate your meal.”（远离电话、短信、电子邮件和社交媒体可能正是你在忙碌的一天中需要放松的事情。收起你的手机会让你更现身，享受生活，享受美食）说明要收起手机，好好享受美食，故A项（把你的手机收起来）符合语境。
B
When we were kids, summer activities were a great escape. My only goal each day was to figure out the bigger thrill: hide-and-seek with my cousins, a ball game with my brother, or rereading detective stories for hours on end. Fun was the only endgame(最后阶段).
____26____ That comes with its own benefits. We can stay up as late as we’d like, go sailing on the sea or gather a group and go exploring islands. ____27____ However long ago it was, your next awesome fun day or week is on the way. Joy is the name of the game this Summer!
The first step towards having more fun with summer activities is setting aside time for it. ____28____ For example, turn off work email on Friday afternoon and leave it aside until Monday morning; say no to time-wasting requests.
Then be a tourist in your own town. When you live somewhere long enough, it stops being an interesting destination and becomes just the surrounding area. ____29____ Is it known for its museums, rivers or food? Take some time to tour some famous attractions.
Your interests have probably changed as you have got older, but that doesn’t mean what you did as a kid isn’t exciting. So invoke(唤起) your inner child. Head to the park and play a game of basketball with your cousins or take your dog to the park for a game of Frisbee. ____30____
Whatever you decide to do, make sure you enjoy yourself to the fullest because summer’s best days will be here and gone before you know it.
A. We are adults now or almost.
B. But that doesn’t mean it does no harm.
C. Treat your hometown like a new destination.
D. Carve out some quality time to do absolutely nothing.
E. Make weekends meaningful by setting good boundaries.
F. Borrow some baseball gloves and play catch with friends.
G. But when was the last time you actually did any of those things?
【答案】26. A 27. G 28. E 29. C 30. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。童年的夏天总是那么无拘无束，总有那么多趣事儿!长大后的我们拥有更多自由的同时，也失去了那份乐趣，何不像小时候那样尽情享受今年的夏天?本文作者告诉你这个夏天你该如何重拾快乐。
【26题详解】
根据第一段介绍了作者小时候的夏日活动和后文“That comes with its own benefits. We can stay up as late as we’d like, go sailing on the sea or gather a group and go exploring islands.(这有其自身的好处。我们可以想睡多晚就睡多晚，在海上航行或组团去探索岛屿。)”可知，此处谈论了一些不同于小时候的活动。故选项A“We are adults now or almost.(我们现在是成年人了，或者几乎是成年人了。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
【27题详解】
根据后文“However long ago it was, your next awesome fun day or week is on the way. (不管这是很久以前的事了，你的下一个有趣的一天或一周即将到来。)”可知，此处内容会涉及时间及实际做法。所以选择项G“But when was the last time you actually did any of those things? (但你上次做这些事是什么时候?)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【28题详解】
根据前文“The first step towards having more fun with summer activities is setting aside time for it.(要想在夏季活动中获得更多乐趣，第一步就是要留出时间。)”和后文列举的具体的做“For example, turn off work email on Friday afternoon and leave it aside until Monday morning; say no to time-wasting requests. (例如，在周五下午关掉工作邮件，把它放在一边，直到周一早上；对浪费时间的请求说不。)”可知，空处与预留时间有关，且能够统领下文提及的具体做法。所以选择项E“Make weekends meaningful by setting good boundaries. (设定好界限，让周末变得有意义。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
【29题详解】
根据前文“When you live somewhere long enough, it stops being an interesting destination and becomes just the surrounding area.(当你在一个地方生活的时间足够长时，它就不再是一个有趣的目的地，而变成了周围的地区。)”可知，在一个地方生活久了，熟悉了，也就失去了探索的乐趣；再结合后文“Take some time to tour some famous attractions. (花点时间游览一些著名的景点。)”可知，此处建议花些时间去游览一些著名的景点。所以选择项C“Treat your hometown like a new destination. (把你的家乡当作一个新的目的地。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【30题详解】
根据前文“So invoke(唤起) your inner child. Head to the park and play a game of basketball with your cousins or take your dog to the park for a game of Frisbee. (所以唤醒你内心的童心吧。去公园和你的表亲们打篮球，或者带你的狗去公园玩飞盘)”可知，空处可能还是在说唤起童真的一些做法。所以选择项F“Borrow some baseball gloves and play catch with friends. (借一些棒球手套和朋友们一起玩接球。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分70分）
第一节完形填空（共30小题：每小题1分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Last summer, I was suffering from too much stress, I’d just graduated from a challenging doctoral program and was ____31____ from the years of research, study and writing. I took a vacation to celebrate, but the academic intensity had become a ____32____ . Sitting on the beautiful lawn of the hotel on Mackinac Island, I just felt like I should be studying or working as usual.
____33____ seeing natural beauty would have relaxed me, but I couldn’t ____34____ . I couldn’t help looking at my cell phone repeatedly in case I missed something important. “ Enough,” I murmured. I needed to ____35____ , but why couldn’t I?
A dragonfly buzzed around me. With each ____36____ , this creature’s wings changed color — blue one moment, green the next. Dragonflies usually fascinated me with their quick movements that ____37____ me of acrobats (杂技演员) in the wind, but I wasn’t in the ____38____ that day. What I needed then was ____39____ , not movement. As if on cue, the dragonfly came to rest on a blade of grass in front of me.
I watched that dragonfly carefully for many minutes. So did the dragonfly. “It’s not a matter of relaxing,” it seemed to say. “It’s a matter of ____40____ the now, the here. Life is so short. Be here in the moment and let the ____41____ take care of itself.” Suddenly, I ____42____ this beautiful creature, who only had months to live, was “instructing” me about the ____43____ of life and felt much relaxed. The dragonfly seemed ____44____ that its message had been delivered. It sprang from the grass and flew away. I didn’t see it again. But I would never forget what it taught me: Be here and ____45____ yourself.
31. A. distracted B. withdrawn C. exhausted D. separated
32. A. tradition B. strength C. burden D. habit
33. A. Generally B. Eventually C. Particularly D. Exactly
34. A. settle down B. break down C. slow down D. get down
35. A. concentrate B. unwind C. continue D. pause
36. A. movement B. change C. advance D. performance
37. A. convinced B. informed C. reminded D. warned
38. A. way B. mood C. state D. position
39. A. progress B. admiration C. consideration D. stillness
40. A. remembering B. understanding C. appreciating D. recognizing
41. A. life B. history C. moment D. future
42. A. guessed B. realized C. agreed D. admitted
43. A. value B. content C. reality D. principle
44. A. concerned B. doubtful C. satisfied D. regretful
45. A. enjoy B. collect C. suit D. conduct
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. C 41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者在博士项目毕业后休假，但无法让自己从一贯的高强度学习状态中放松下来的事情，在这过程中作者通过观察一只蜻蜓，明白了珍惜当下的道理，心情豁然开朗。
【31题详解】
考查形容词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，我承受了太多的压力，我刚刚从一个具有挑战性的博士项目毕业，多年的研究、学习和写作让我筋疲力尽。A. distracted 分心的；B. withdrawn 沉默寡言的；C. exhausted 精疲力尽的；D. separated分居的。根据句意提到作者多年研究、学习和写作可知，这些事情让作者“精疲力尽”。故选C。

【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我放了个假来庆祝，但学习的强度已经成为一种习惯。A. tradition传统；B. strength力量；C. burden负担；D. habit习惯。根据下文“Sitting on the beautiful lawn of the hotel on Mackinac Island, I just felt like I should be studying or working as usual.”可知，学习对于作者来说已经是一种“习惯”。故选D。

【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，看到自然美景会让我放松下来，但我不能放慢速度。A. Generally一般，通常；B. Eventually最终；C. Particularly特别地；D. Exactly准确地。根据句意和常识可知，看到美景“一般”会让人放松下来，故选A。

【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一般来说，看到自然美景会让我放松下来，但我不能放慢速度。A. settle down定居；B. break down分解，发生故障；C. slow down慢下来；D. get down下来。根据下文“I couldn’t help looking at my cell phone repeatedly in case I missed something important.”可知作者无法从学习中“慢下来”。故选C。

【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要放松，但为什么不能呢？A. concentrate集中，聚集；B. unwind放松；C. continue继续；D. pause暂停。根据前文内容可知，作者此时在休假，所以作者需要“放松”。故选B。

【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着每一个动作，这种生物的翅膀会改变颜色——一会儿是蓝色，一会儿是绿色。A. movement动作，运动；B. change改变；C. advance前进；D. performance表现。根据句意提到蜻蜓的翅膀变色，以及下文“Dragonflies usually fascinated me with their quick movements”中的movements可知，此处表示“蜻蜓的每一个动作”。故选A。

【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：蜻蜓的快速动作通常让我着迷，让我想起了风中杂技演员，但那天我没有心情。A. convinced使……确信；B. informed通知；C. reminded使想起；D. warned警告。根据句意可知，此处表示“蜻蜓的动作与杂技演员的动作相似”，所以是“使作者想起”，动词短语remind sb of sth.表示“使某人想起……”。故选C。

【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：蜻蜓的快速动作通常让我着迷，让我想起了风中杂技演员，但那天我没有心情。A. way路，方式；B. mood心情；C. state状态；D. position位置。根据前文可知，作者在休假中，还是无法从高强度的学习状态中慢下来，无法放松，所以此处表示作者那天“没有心情”。故选B。

【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时我需要的是沉静，而不是运动。A. progress进步；B. admiration钦佩；C. consideration考虑；D. stillness沉静，静止。根据前文提到作者没有心情，无法放松，结合“not movement”可推知，作者此时需要“沉静”。故选D。

【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个珍惜现在、珍惜这里的问题。A. remembering记得；B. understanding理解；C. appreciating珍惜，欣赏，感激；D. recognizing识别。根据下文“Suddenly, I 　12　this beautiful creature, who only had months to live, was “ instructing ” me about the 　13　of life and felt much relaxed. ”可知，蜻蜓在“指导”作者珍惜当下，故选C。

【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：活在当下，让未来顺其自然。A. life生命，生活；B. history历史；C. moment时刻；D. future未来，将来。根据“Be here in the moment”可推知，此处表示要“活在当下”，那么就让“未来”顺其自然，故选D。

【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我意识到这个只有几个月生命的美丽生物正在“指导”我生命的价值，我感到非常轻松。A. guessed猜想；B. realized意识到；C. agreed同意；D. admitted承认。根据句意提到“我感到非常轻松”，说明，作者意识到蜻蜓对自己的在生命价值方面“指导”。故选B。

【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，我意识到这个只有几个月生命的美丽生物正在“指导”我生命的价值，我感到非常轻松。A. value价值；B. content内容；C. reality真实；D. principle原则。根据前文“Life is so short. Be here in the moment and let the 11 take care of itself.”可知，这是对生命“价值”的指导。故选A。

【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那只蜻蜓似乎很满意它的信息被传达了。A. concerned关心的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. satisfied满意的；D. regretful遗憾的。根据下一句“It sprang from the grass and flew away.”可知，蜻蜓似乎知道作者理解它的意思，所以是对传达出信息感到“满意”，然后飞走了，故选C。

【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我永远不会忘记它教会我的东西：在这里，享受自己。A. enjoy享受；B. collect收集；C. suit适合；D. conduct指导。根据前文“ “It’s not a matter of relaxing,” it seemed to say. “It’s a matter of 　10　 the now, the here. Life is so short. Be here in the moment and let the 　11　 take care of itself.””可知，蜻蜓教会作者“珍惜当下，享受自己”。故选A。

B
Our oldest daughter, Christy, told us she was running away. In disbelief, my wife, Cathy, and I stared at each other, at a loss for words. When she started ____46____ her suitcase, we knew she was serious. Her action left us ____47____ —after all, Christy was only six. We didn’t know whether to laugh or cry.
Our daughter ____48____ she was moving to Julia’s house across the street. My wife gave Julia’s mother a ____49____, telling her what was happening. Then, with mixed feelings, we watched Christy cross the street. Julia’s mother waited outside the door to ____50____ her. A few hours later, Julia’s mom ____51____ Christy it was Monday night and that our family always drove to the Golden Spoon for frozen yogurt. It was a tradition ____52____ by my threes girls—including our little Christy. To our ____53____ , she called and asked if she could go. A joyous ____54____ .
The yogurt run was part of our family identity. Even the neighbours knew our _____55_____ visit to the Golden Spoon. Our three daughters are now grown-up, but we _____56_____ visit the Golden Spoon as always. Its yogurt is still delicious. Our family _____57_____ are kept strong by one of those simple activities.
At some point, _____58_____ will come to every family. But when you build a strong family identity _____59_____ , there will be no doubt that your family can _____60_____ whatever winds and rains coming your way. Not surprisingly, a strong family identity will give your kids solid foundations to count on during those difficult times.
46. A. carrying B. removing C. packing D. employing
47. A. careless B. restless C. speechless D. hopeless
48. A. declared B. acknowledged C. whispered D. requested
49. A. bow B. response C. tip D. bell
50. A. hug B. treat C. assist D. greet
51. A. persuaded B. reminded C. answered D. promised
52. A. expected B. approved C. promoted D. shared
53. A. admiration B. regret C. satisfaction D. relief
54. A. recovery B. success C. reunion D. communication
55. A. daily B. monthly C. weekly D. yearly
56. A. occasionally B. automatically C. rarely D. regularly
57. A. origins B. traditions C. bonds D. honors
58. A. sufferings B. storms C. failures D. barriers
59. A. in return B. in particular C. in reality D. in advance
60. A. survive B. ignore C. avoid D. predict
【答案】46. C 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. C 56. D 57. C 58. B 59. D 60. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述六岁的女儿“离家出走”的故事，引出对家庭认同的思考。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她开始收拾行李箱时，我们知道她是认真的。A. carrying携带；B. removing消除；C. packing打包；D. employing雇佣。根据“Our daughter ____3____ she was moving to Julia’s house across the street.”可知，女儿要搬到街对面的朱莉娅家去，所以打包行李。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的行为让我们哑口无言——毕竟，克里斯蒂只有六岁。A. careless粗心的；B. restless不安宁的；C. speechless说不出话的；D. hopeless绝望的。根据“after all, Christy was only six. We didn’t know whether to laugh or cry.”可知，女儿要离家出走的行为让作者哑口无言。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的女儿宣布她要搬到街对面的朱莉娅家去。A. declared宣告；B. acknowledged承认；C. whispered低语；D. requested要求。根据“she was moving to Julia’s house across the street.”可知，作者女儿宣布她要搬到街对面的朱莉娅家去。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妻子给茱莉亚的母亲打了个电话，告诉她发生了什么事。A. bow鞠躬；B. response回复；C. tip建议；D. bell铃。根据“telling her what was happening.”可知，作者妻子给茱莉亚的母亲打电话，告诉女儿的事情。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：茱莉亚的母亲等在门外迎接她。A. hug拥抱；B. treat款待；C. assist帮助；D. greet迎接。根据“My wife gave Julia’s mother a ____4____, telling her what was happening. Then, with mixed feelings, we watched Christy cross the street.”可知，茱莉亚的母亲等在门外迎接作者的女儿。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个小时后，茱莉亚的妈妈提醒克里斯蒂今天是周一晚上，我们全家总是开车去金汤匙餐厅吃冻酸奶。A. persuaded劝服；B. reminded提醒；C. answered回答；D. promised答应。根据“it was Monday night and that our family always drove to the Golden Spoon for frozen yogurt.”可知，茱莉亚的妈妈提醒克里斯蒂。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我的三个女儿所期待的传统，包括我们的小克里斯蒂。A. expected期望；B. approved证明；C. promoted提升；D. shared分享。根据“To our ____8____ , she called and asked if she could go.”可知，周一晚上去金汤匙餐厅吃冻酸奶是作者三个女儿所期待的传统。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我们松了一口气的是，她打电话问她是否可以去。 A. admiration羡慕；B. regret遗憾；C. satisfaction满意；D. relief欣慰。根据“she called and asked if she could go.”可知，女儿也想去金汤匙餐厅吃冻酸奶，让作者一家感到欣慰。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：快乐的团聚。A. recovery恢复；B. success成功；C. reunion团聚；D. communication交流。根据“To our ____8____ , she called and asked if she could go.”可知，离家出走的女儿也想去金汤匙餐厅吃冻酸奶，所以一家人又能快乐的团聚。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：连邻居都知道我们每周去金汤匙餐厅。A. daily日常的；B. monthly每月的；C. weekly每周的；D. yearly每年的。根据“A few hours later, Julia’s mom ____6____ Christy it was Monday night and that our family always drove to the Golden Spoon for frozen yogurt.”可知，作者一家每周去金汤匙餐厅吃冻酸奶。故选C。
【56题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的三个女儿现在都长大了，但我们还是一如既往地经常去金汤匙餐厅。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. automatically自动地；C. rarely很少；D. regularly定期地。根据“The yogurt run was part of our family identity. Even the neighbours knew our ____10____ visit to the Golden Spoon.”可知，作者一家每周一定期去金汤匙餐厅吃冻酸奶。故选D。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的家庭纽带通过其中一项简单的活动得以维系。 A. origins起源；B. traditions传统；C. bonds纽带；D. honors荣誉。根据“Our three daughters are now grown-up, but we ____11____ visit the Golden Spoon as always. Its yogurt is still delicious.”可知，作者一家每周一定期去金汤匙餐厅吃冻酸奶，使得家庭纽带得以维系。故选C。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：总有一天，风暴会降临到每个家庭。 A. sufferings痛苦；B. storms暴风雨；C. failures失败；D. barriers障碍物。根据“But when you build a strong family identity ____14____ , there will be no doubt that your family can ____15____ whatever winds and rains coming your way.”可知，风暴总有一天会降临到每个家庭。故选B。
【59题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，当你事先建立起强大的家庭认同时，毫无疑问，无论遇到什么风雨，你的家庭都能挺过去。A. in return作为回报；B. in particular尤其；C. in reality事实上；D. in advance预先。根据“there will be no doubt that your family can ____15____ whatever winds and rains coming your way.”可知，我们要预先建立起强大的家庭。故选D。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当你事先建立起强大的家庭认同时，毫无疑问，无论遇到什么风雨，你的家庭都能挺过去。A. survive幸存；B. ignore忽略；C. avoid避免；D. predict预测。根据“whatever winds and rains coming your way.”可知，我们要预先建立起强大的家庭，只有这样，无论遇到什么风雨，家庭才能挺过去。故选A。
第Ⅱ卷
第二节 语法填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
No matter where you usually hear today’s top hits—the radio, Spotify, a mixtape on your Sony Walkman — you’ve probably noticed that they tend ___61___ (be) around three minutes long.
As VOX — a classic record company — explains, the custom ___62___ (date) back to the early 20th century, when shellac records (虫胶唱片) first appeared in the market. The rates at ___63___ these records spun (旋转) varied, but 78 RPM (每分钟转数) quickly became the norm. Two record sizes contributed to its ___64___ (popular): 10 inches — which could hold about three minutes of music per side—and 12 inches, which held ___65___ (rough) four to five minutes per side. To get radio stations to broadcast their music and get people to buy it, ___66___ (musician) pretty much had to accommodate those time limits.
The late 1940s ___67___ (see) the birth of the 45 RPM record: a smaller, cheaper disc that couldn’t manage much more ___68___ three minutes of music per side. Long-playing records (LPs) ___69___ (introduce) around the same time, but it was much easier for radio stations to play single tracks from 45 RPM record — which crowds of listeners then went out and bought. While 10-inch 78 RPM record had originated the three-minute trend, 45 RPM record really helped make ____70____ a necessity for radio singles throughout the mid-20th century.
【答案】61. to be
62. dates 63. which
64. popularity
65. roughly
66. musicians
67. saw 68. than
69. were introduced
70. it
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了歌曲时间通常在三分钟的原因，介绍了唱片的发展史。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你通常在哪里听到今天的热门歌曲——收音机、Spotify、索尼随身听的混音带——你可能已经注意到它们的长度往往在三分钟左右。此处为短语tend to do sth.表示“往往……”。故填to be。
【62题详解】
考查时态。句意：正如一家经典唱片公司VOX所解释的那样，这种习俗可以追溯到20世纪初，当时虫胶唱片首次出现在市场上。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为the custom，date无被动形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
【63题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这些唱片的转速各不相同，但78每分钟转数很快成为了标准。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词rates，作介词at的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【64题详解】
考查名词。句意：两种尺寸的唱片使它如此受欢迎：10英寸（每边可以容纳大约3分钟的音乐）和12英寸（每边可以容纳大约4到5分钟）。作宾语，表示“受欢迎”应用名词popularity。故填popularity。
【65题详解】
考查副词。句意：两种尺寸的唱片使它如此受欢迎：10英寸（每边可以容纳大约3分钟的音乐）和12英寸（每边可以容纳大约4到5分钟）。修饰动词hold应用副词roughly，作状语。故填roughly。
【66题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：为了让广播电台播放他们的音乐并吸引人们购买，音乐家们不得不适应这些时间限制。musician为可数名词，前文没有冠词，故用名词复数形式作主语。故填musicians。
【67题详解】
考查时态。句意：20世纪40年代末，45转每分钟的唱片诞生了：一种更小、更便宜的光盘，每面只能播放3分钟以上的音乐。描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填saw。
【68题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：20世纪40年代末，45转每分钟的唱片诞生了：一种更小、更便宜的光盘，每面只能播放3分钟以上的音乐。结合语境此处表示“超过”应用more than。故填than。
【69题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：长时间播放的唱片（LPs）大约在同一时期被引入，但广播电台播放每分钟45转的单曲要容易得多——听众成群地出去购买。主语Long-playing records与谓语introduce构成被动关系，结合后文but it was可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were introduced。
【70题详解】
考查it用法。句意：虽然10英寸78转唱片是3分钟趋势的发端，但45转唱片确实使之成为整个20世纪中期电台单曲的必需品。此处为make it a necessity for表示“使之成为必需品”。故填it。
B
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A teahouse is a special house which primarily serves tea and other light refreshments. Its function varies widely____71____ (depend) on the culture. In China, a teahouse is a place ____72____ people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialize. It ____73____ (consider) as a symbol of Chinese tea culture and people’s leisure life.
Chinese teahouses enjoy a long-standing history. They developed from tea stands in the Western Jin Dynasty,____74____ (take) shape in the Tang Dynasty, developed gradually in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and became booming in modern times.
In the Song Dynasty, teahouses existed all over cities and villages, at a rate comparable with ____75____ of restaurants. The owners preferred to decorate their teahouses ____76____ paintings of celebrities and rare and precious plants ____77____ (attract) customers. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, ____78____ number of teahouses went beyond that of restaurants, gaining more popularity and becoming more famous. Later, the acculturation of Western culture forces traditional Chinese teahouses to take on a new look. After reform and opening up, with the rapid development of the economy and ____79____ (evidence) improvement of people’s living ____80____ (standard), teahouses flowered in China.
【答案】71. depending
72. where 73. is considered
74. took 75. that
76. with 77. to attract
78. the 79. evident
80. standards
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。在中国，茶馆被认为是中国茶文化和人们休闲生活的象征。文章介绍了茶馆的兴起和发展过程。
【71题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知句中已有谓语动词varies，此处用非谓语形式。主语Its function和动词depend是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填depending。
【72题详解】
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，句中包含定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故填where。
【73题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：它被认为是中国茶文化和人们休闲生活的象征。此处表示客观事实，与上下句时态一致，用一般现在时。又主语It 和动词consider是被动关系，在句中作谓语用被动语态。故填is considered。
【74题详解】
考查动词时态。此处指茶馆从西晋时期的茶亭发展而来，在唐代形成。表示过去的时间，与句中developed和became并列，用一般过去时。故填took。
【75题详解】
考查代词。句意：在宋代，茶馆遍布城市和乡村，其发展速度堪比餐馆。此处指代上文出现的单数可数名词rate，茶馆的发展率和餐馆的发展率是同一类事物，并且后面有Of后置定语修饰，故填that。
【76题详解】
考查介词。此处指用名人字画和珍贵植物装饰茶馆，“用……装饰……”是decorate…with…，故填with。
【77题详解】
考查动词不定式。此处指茶馆老板用名人字画和珍贵植物装饰茶馆来吸引顾客，表目的用动词不定式，故填to attract。
【78题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在明清时期，茶馆的数量已经超过了餐馆的数量，越来越受欢迎，也越来越出名。表示“……的数量”是the number of，故填the。
【79题详解】
考查形容词。修饰名词improvement用形容词，指“明显的提高”，故填evident。
【80题详解】
考查名词。此处指人们的生活标准，standard作“标准”时是可数名词，用复数形式。故填standards。
【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。如小题1中主语Its function和动词depend是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填depending。
第三节 单句语法填空（共20小题：每小题1分，满分10分）
81. ________ you are coming to Beijing is the best news I have heard for a long time. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】That
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：你要来北京是我很久以来听到的最好的消息。分析句子结构可知，本句为主语从句，从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导，不可省略。故填That。
82. Not ________(persuade) my parents, I failed to go to a drama school, where my interest lay. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】having persuaded
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有说服父母，我没能上我感兴趣的戏剧学校。persuade在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，且动作明显发生在谓语动词之前，所以用现在分词的完成式，作原因状语。故填having persuaded。
83. We tried to get our point ________, but he just wouldn’t listen. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】across
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们试图把我们的观点讲清楚，但他就是不听。get across（使）被理解。根据句意，故填across。
84. The plane has been kept in service for longer than ________（original）intended. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】originally
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：这架飞机的服役时间比原计划的要长。修饰形容词intended，其前用副词形式。根据句意，故填originally。
85. _________(judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Judging
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词现在分词。句意：从表面上看判断，这是非常和平的，但事实上，战争很快就会爆发。judging from“从……判断”是现在分词固定用语，表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度，作状语。句子首字母大写，故填Judging。
86. He was apparently much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the ________（profession）one who ranked top ten. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】professional
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他显然对业余运动员击败排名前十的职业运动员的消息感到非常惊讶。修饰代词one，用形容词形式。根据句意，故填professional。
87. All he has to do now is ________(talk) with his teacher face to face. （所给词适当形式填空）
【答案】to talk
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他现在所要做的就是和他的老师面对面交谈。说明主语的内容，用不定式作表语。故填to talk。
88. By far，there are many problems_________(remain) to be solved. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】remaining
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，还有许多问题有待解决。句子谓语为are，故设空处为非谓语形式，problems与remain为主谓关系，应用现在分词，短语remaining to be solved作many problems的后置定语。故填remaining.
89. After being told her son was lost, a ________(concern) look appeared on her face. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】concerned
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：得知儿子失踪后，她脸上出现了担忧的表情。修饰名词look，表示人的心理活动应用-ed结尾形容词concerned。故填concerned。
90. We are not permitted ________(make) noises in the library, nor can we take books out with permission. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to make
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们不允许在图书馆里制造噪音，也不可以在得到允许的情况下把书带出去。permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，这里为被动语态sb. be permitted to do sth,。根据句意，故填to make。
91. It was several days before the floodwater ________（sink）and life returned to normal. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】sank
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：过了几天，洪水才沉下去，生活才恢复正常。It was + 一段时间 +before +从句，表示“过了多长时间才……”，从句用一般过去时。根据句意，故填sank。
92. The sound of the door closing deceived me ________ thinking they had gone out. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】into
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：关门的声音使我误以为他们出去了。deceive sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事。故填into。
93. The new secretary will relieve us ________ some of the paperwork.（用适当的词填空)
【答案】of
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查固定短语和介词。句意：新来的秘书将替我们减轻一些文书工作的负担。relieve sb. of…帮助某人减轻……的负担，固定搭配，符合题意。故填of。
94. He treated them with ________ (generous) and thoughtfulness. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】generosity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他对遇到的每一个人都慷慨体贴。根据空后“and thoughtfulness”可知，空处需用名词作介词with的宾语；generous对应的名词为generosity“大方，慷慨”，不可数。故填generosity。
95. Already this year, 115 measles cases ___________ (report) in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
【答案】have been reported
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：今年，美国已经报告了115例麻疹病例，而去年全年为189例。根据Already this year和语境可知，此处应用现在完成时；且115 measles cases与report之间为逻辑被动关系，因此应使用现在完成时的被动语态；又因主语是复数，故填have been reported。
96. How to make museums and their lifeless collections more attractive is a tough question worth________（attach）importance to. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】attaching
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如何使博物馆及其毫无生气的藏品更具吸引力，是一个值得重视的难题。be worth doing值得做某事。根据句意，故填attaching。
97. The church tower which________（restore）will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】is being restored
【解析】
分析】
【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：正在修复的教堂塔楼将很快对游客开放，工作已接近尾声。根据The work is almost finished可知，修复动作还在进行。且restore与which（即The church tower，第三人称单数）之间是被动关系，故应使用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being restored。
98. I can work ________ pressure and get along well with colleagues. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】under
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：能承受工作压力，与同事相处融洽。under pressure 在压力下。根据句意，故填under。
99. I wasn’t sure whether he _____(lend) me his book the next morning. (所给词适当形式填空)
【答案】would lend
【解析】
【详解】考查过去将来时。句意：我不确定第二天早上他是否会把书借给我。根据I wasn’t sure可知，此处过去将来时。故填would lend。
100. What seems to be ________（lack）is enough money for the project. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】lacking
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项工程似乎缺少足够的资金。seem to be doing似乎正在做某事。根据句意，故填lacking。
听力答案：1-5BABCC 6-10BACAB 11-15ABCBC 16-20ABCCA