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专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇（名校最新期中真题）-高一英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版）
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这是一份专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇（名校最新期中真题）-高一英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版），共24页。
人教版 高一英语下学期期中复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期中真题)
专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2022春·广西南宁·高一南宁三中校考期中）Like the move from horse-drawn carriages to vehicles (车辆) powered by internal-combustion engines, the change from cars powered by fuels like oil to electric vehicles (EVs) will have a great effect on personal transport. The COVID-19 virus disease worldwide caused a 20% drop to about 70m in global light vehicle sales in 2020, but they pick up in 2021. And the proportion of vehicles powered by electricity in the market will grow quickly.
The increasing share price (股价) of Tesla, provides a big motivation for newcomers to catch up. Tesla may lead in battery technology and software, but to make those advantages stick, it must prove that “production hell” is behind it. Raising manufacturing has caused Tesla its biggest headaches.
Big name carmakers face an equally discouraging challenge: learning how to write software. Electric cars require integrated software, not just to ensure that batteries and motors work together to provide the best performance, but to connect the car to the outside world.
And what of the Tesla followers, from China’s Li, Nio and Xpeng to American firms such as Fisker, Lucid and Nikola? Cash from excitable investors (投资者) has poured in and it is the same with big name carmakers — as are high-tech companies, keen to get involved as transport goes digital. Can the followers make investors believe that they have patent technology that will give them a long-term advantage?
Eye-catching Advertisements of vehicles are one thing, but as the industry’s trouble shows, working out how to make cars in large amounts, when softwares are as important as brakes and bodywork, is quite another. The coming year will make clearer which of Tesla’s competitors, new and old, can stay in race.
1．Which word best describes the trend of electric cars industry?
A．Uncertain. B．Challenging. C．Disappointing. D．Promising.
2．Why is Tesla in trouble?
A．Its production capacity has become a bottleneck.
B．It may lose its advantage in software writing.
C．Its advertising is considered to be better than it really is.
D．It has to compete with many capable newcomers.
3．Which statement about Tesla’s competitors is TRUE?
A．Their share prices are catching up with those of Tesla.
B．They are all receiving money from eager investors.
C．Their problem lies in improving brakes and bodywork.
D．They are mostly well-established companies.
4．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．New EV Companies Are Catching up
B．The Battle Within the EV Industry
C．Electric Cars—Your Future Choice
D．Production Capacity—a Headache of EV Industry
（2022秋·重庆·高一重庆市武隆中学校联考期中）Travelers across China are showing a growing preference for camping and self-driving tours because of the increasing popularity of short-distance trips, many of which made over the just-concluded National Day holiday, according to the latest industry figures.
Camping remained popular among travelers during the holiday, with orders for camping-related tour packages on its website growing ten times year-on-year. Nearly 80 percent of the camping tour destinations were near users’ workplaces or homes, while about 15 percent involved travel to neighboring cities or suburban areas and, the group said, average expenditure on camping was about 650 yuan, up 30 percent from spending during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday in September.
Travelers aged 30 to 39 favored camping tours, especially families with children. About 83 percent of these travelers stayed overnight at campsites and enjoyed leisure activities such as fruit picking offered by local farms.
Chen Yi, 31, spent two days and one night at a farm in suburban Beijing with her family this National Day holiday. She said it was a relaxing trip. “We were concerned about COVID- 19 (新冠肺炎) control measures that may cause some uncertainty in work-related matters after the holiday, so we decided to spend the break in Beijing rather than visit other places,” she said. “It was my husband’s idea to go camping. He is a fan of such activities.” Chen chose a farmland about two hours’ drive from downtown. “The air is quite fresh there and the owner of the farmland is also friendly and generous. We made quite good memories there.”
A number of destinations not far from the city became top attractions during the recent national holiday, such as Nan’ao Island in Shantou, Guangdong province and Meizhou Island in Putian, Fujian province, catching travelers with breathtaking coastal views, figures from travel agencies showed.
Wu Ruoshan, a visiting researcher at the Tourism Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that travelers are changing their travel choices and consumption preferences, focusing more on safety in epidemic(流行病) prevention and control. “In addition to their tourism service, it is necessary for travel agencies and companies to be aware of travelers’ safety.” he said.
5．We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．The number of travelers increased by 30% from the same time last year
B．Orders for camping-related tour package went down year after year
C．Most of the camping destination were not far from travelers’ workplaces or homes
D．About 83% of the travelers stayed up and enjoyed themselves
6．What Chen Yi said in paragraph 5 is mainly about ______.
A．What she and her family worried about
B．Why she and her family chose to camp
C．Where she and her family chose to camp
D．How she and her family spent their holiday
7．Wu Ruoshan’s attitude towards travel choices and consumption preferences is ______.
A．favorable B．unreasonable C．uninterested D．worried
8．The best title of the passage is ______.
A．Camping, popular on holidays
C．National Day holiday, go and relax yourselves
D．Short trips, ride holiday high
（2022春·重庆·高一重庆八中校考期中）Britain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For more than a decade, the government has declared obesity (肥胖) a national emergency and promised to take action, only to produce disappointing plans that don’t reach what is required.
It should not have taken a disease like COVID-19 to ram home the awful consequences of the UK’s obesity. Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes (糖尿病) and high blood pressure, is strongly connected with a higher risk of death from COVID-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest COVID-19 death rate in Europe.
As the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson’s experience of catching the virus and being admitted to ICU has reportedly resulted in a complete change in him, who has previously prided himself on his dislike of an over-controlling state. The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few months—ahead of a possible second wave of infections—and the longer term.
This obvious change is welcome, but only if it results in a complete change in the government’s approach, which doesn’t rely on personal responsibility but on much tougher rules, as with tobacco and alcohol.
There is plenty of evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent years, many reports, including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer, have called for urgent action. Yet these calls were ignored by the government that has seemingly put the food and drink industry’s financial interests over the health of the nation.
9．What has the government done with obesity in the past ten years?
A．It has denied it is a national emergency.
B．It has called for immediate action on it.
C．It has taken effective steps to control it.
D．It has made unsatisfying plans to reduce it.
10．What does the underlined phrase “ram home” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Make people rather tired of. B．Make people highly doubtful of.
C．Make people fully aware of. D．Make people deeply ashamed of.
11．What might the British government do next?
A．Place less stress on financial interests.
B．Carry out a new strategy to cut obesity.
C．Set stricter limits on tobacco and alcohol.
D．Take action to reduce COVID-19 death rate.
12．What’s the best title for the text?
A．UK Suffering from COVID-19
B．UK Ready for a Complete Change
C．Obesity: An Urgent Problem in the UK
D．Obesity: A Cause of Highest COVID-19 Death Rate
（2022春·重庆·高一重庆八中校考期中）For many Chinese consumers, a satisfying breakfast is one that includes either hot porridge or steamed buns (馒头). Cold sandwiches, which are popular with Westerners, are probably one of the last options on their minds. But that is not to say that consumers, especially those in an international city like Shanghai, would avoid everything considered Western for breakfast. For instance, coffee, which has steadily grown in popularity in the country, is one drink that many cannot do without today.
To satisfy this growing demand for breakfast sets that combine elements from the East and the West, food companies have been rolling out (推出) a host of new offerings to attract the customer. One example is Shanghai Qiao Coffee, launched by local time-honored food company Qiaojiashan at the end of 2019. Apart from its traditional dim sum (点心), the store also sells various types of coffee.
According to Shen Yan, deputy manager of Qiaojiashan, the most popular breakfast set now is the steamed vegetable bun paired with black coffee. “The calories that one gets from a meal consisting of Chinese dim sum and coffee are less than those of a Western breakfast. Since a steamed bun has nearly 200 calories and a cup of black coffee barely has any calories, this combination can be considered healthy and delicious,” said Shen.
Even the smaller shoppers in the food scene are jumping on the East-West breakfast trend. Western food companies, too, have been rolling out Chinese breakfast options. “Consumers and even cultural heritage will also benefit from the increased competition. If not for the current trend which has revived interest in certain traditional dim sum, these foods could soon be lost to history,” Shen said.
13．What can we learn about breakfast in Shanghai in Paragraph 1?
A．Coffee is a must for many people.
B．Cold sandwiches are a popular choice.
C．People avoid western food for breakfast.
D．People prefer porridge and steamed buns.
14．Why does the set of the steamed vegetable bun with black coffee sell well?
A．Because it’s traditional.
B．Because it’s tasty and healthy.
C．Because it’s newly created.
D．Because it contains more vegetables.
15．What can be inferred from Shen’s words in the last paragraph?
A．Western food companies dislike East-West breakfast.
B．Big companies have the ability to seize the market share.
C．The competition for breakfast sets is of no benefit to consumers.
D．Some traditional foods may disappear without the combination trend.
16．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Chinese consumers show more interest in western food.
B．Western breakfast is warmly welcomed by Shanghai people.
C．The Chinese-Western breakfast set is becoming a hit in Shanghai.
D．Shanghai Qiao Coffee has won great success for its breakfast sets.
（2022春·辽宁沈阳·高一东北育才学校校考期中）Look for the word “regenerative” at your local grocery store. Chances are that you’ll spot it on boxes of cheese, cartons of milks, or even bags of chips. Regenerative agriculture, also called carbon farming, has become the latest darling of everyone from food companies to universities. But what is regenerative agriculture?
In essence, regenerative agriculture is farming done in a way that helps build soil health, increase organic matter, store water more effectively, and draw carbon out of the atmosphere.
This isn’t exactly a new idea—farming with soil health in mind is a concept nearly as old as agriculture itself. It wasn’t until the 1980s, however, that the Rodale Institute began using the term, and it’s only recently become a buzzword. It’s a farming philosophy focused on healing.
“It’s soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness,” says Birgit Cameron, head of Patagonia Provisions. “It goes together with organic. You can call it regenerative or not, but you can’t have a truly regenerative system if organic isn’t attached to it.”
Patagonia Provisions partners with farmers and producers interested in regenerative agriculture that are already practicing organic farming, and the company has strong animal welfare and social fairness philosophies. While regenerative agriculture is something that many small farmers have long specialized in, that doesn’t necessarily make the practice an easy one.
It’s hard to compare the regenerative agriculture products you find at the supermarket because (for the time being) General Mills’ definition will be different from Patagonia’s, whose definition might be different from your local CSA farmer’s.
“If at all possible, see the farm and purchase from them directly,” said Pettinelli. “If you can’t visit, explore their website and ask questions about their practices. It’s challenging to see past the marketing.” You can explore more about the Regenerative Organic Alliance label on their website and shop for certified products there.
17．The author make an assumption at the beginning mainly to show ______.
A．the concept of regenerative agriculture
B．the function of regenerative agriculture
C．the application of regenerative agriculture
D．the popularity of regenerative agriculture
18．What can we learn about regenerative agriculture?
A．It’s a brand-new idea.
B．It is convenient to practice.
C．It is environmentally friendly.
D．It became a buzzword in the 1980s.
19．According to Birgit Cameron, organic and regenerative are ______.
A．unrelated B．closely linked
C．opposite D．cause and effect
20．Where does Pettinelli suggest consumers buying certified products of regenerative agriculture?
A．Farm direct selling. B．Street markets.
C．Grocery stores. D．Supermarkets.
（2022春·辽宁沈阳·高一东北育才学校校考期中）A study by a team of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) psychologists has found a link between extraverts (外向的人) and their word choices. The finding highlights the need for stronger linguistic indicators to be developed for use in online personality prediction tools, which are being rapidly adopted by companies to improve digital marketing strategies.
Today, marketing companies use predictive algorithms (算法) to help them forecast what consumers want based on their online behaviors. For example, an extravert consumer might be attracted to marketing messages that match their personality, and retail brands could then choose to target such consumers by using more extraverted and creative language to advertise their products. However, personality prediction tools available today that are used by marketing firms are not entirely accurate due to a lack of theoretically sound designs. This may lead to a weakness affecting the performance of the machine learning algorithms. This begs the question—how should we create robust and accurate personality predictions?
The study found a correlation between extraverts and their tendency to use certain categories of words. The results showed a small strength of relationship between extraversion and the use of “positive emotion words” and “social process words.”
Positive emotion words are defined as words that describe a pleasant emotional state, such as “love”, ”happy”, or “blessed”, or that indicate positivity or optimism, such as “beautiful” or “nice”. Social process words include words containing personal pronouns except “I”, and words showing social intentions, such as “meet”, “share” and “talk”.
Moving forward, the NTU research team will investigate the relationship between extraversion and other word categories. They hope their work will provide clarity on the types of words that can help guide the development of more accurate machine learning tools for personality prediction.
21．We learn from the passage the findings of the study can be used to help ______.
A．observe consumers’ behavior
B．forecast the need of companies
C．create practical personality predictions
D．find correlation between extraverts and ads
22．What does the underlined word “robust” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Renewable. B．Forceful. C．Doubtful. D．Variable.
23．Which of the following words may belong to extraverts’ commonly used vocabulary?
A．Dispute. B．Interaction. C．Disaster. D．Loneliness.
24．What does the last paragraph focus on?
A．The direction of future research.
B．The theoretical basis of the study.
C．The strength of business strategies.
D．The development of machine learning tools.
（2022秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲二中校考期中）It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put my headphones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate?
Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration. In one small study, 133 students performed reading tasks while listening to either light music, hip hop, or no music at all. Students who performed the reading tasks in silence scored the highest. Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting and had a greater negative effect on task performance and concentration.
Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration. The type of music didn’t matter. Data from the study showed once again that silence was the best environment to improve concentration.
However, music has a positive effect on work performance. Studies have showed that listening to music leads to positive changes in mood, as well as creativity. In fact, in music-listening cultures, which students are certainly part of, there’s actually a change in mood when the music is taken away.
It’s hard to convince my students that music doesn’t help with their concentration. Taj, a senior told me, “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.”
“Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me. “You could actually be singing along with what you’re listening to and doing well in math.”
25．What does the underlined word “distracting” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．worrying. B．exciting. C．inspired. D．dramatical.
26．What can we learn from the small study?
A．Students do well in reading tasks while listening to music.
B．Music can’t improve people’s mood and creativity.
C．Different types of music lead to different performances.
D．The volume of music affects concentration.
27．What do Taj and Danela have in common?
A．They believe music doesn’t help concentrate.
B．They use music to help with their paper-writing.
C．They can’t focus on reading while listening to music.
D．They don’t listen to music while doing math problems.
28．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Should Students Listen to Music? B．Does Music Help Concentration?
C．Is Music Related to Reading? D．Can Music Change Mood?
（2022秋·浙江宁波·高一效实中学校考期中）The ability to use the left hand is referred to as left-handedness. Left-handedness is actually more common in the male population than in females. There is an amount of untrue information about them.
It is difficult for left-handed children to learn writing of the alphabet, without personal guidance. Not true at all. Take the left-handed kids for example. Everyone else is more bothered about his left-handedness than he himself is. The left-handed child adapts to writing, drawing and all other activities that require him to hold a writing tool as early as the right-handed. In fact, many left-handed people display neater handwriting than their right-handed partners.
Left-handed people have a lesser chance of surviving a hand-to-hand fight. This is anything but true. History has witnessed the advantage left-handedness had during hand-to-hand fights and even within the boxing ring. In fact, a common sight is that the left-handed fighter is able to attack their opponents by surprise on the open, unprotected right side.
Left-handed people are many a time at the disadvantage of using tools designed for the right-handed. Well, this is true, but today, there is a whole range of tools and equipment being designed for left-handed people. Many right-handed tools too are available, such that they can be changed to suit the needs of the left-handed craftsman (工匠). Even the computer mouse has been changed in use and the touch pad provides a left-handed professional equal opportunity.
Research shows that left-handed people are in fact high achievers. This is because their brains are structured to widen their abilities. A number of mathematical, artistic and sporting masters were and are left-handed. However, most left-handed people over the world, might have, at some stage in their life, been on the receiving end of an uncomplimentary (贬损的) remark or comment regarding their choice of hand. I am sure this list and discussion above would be reasonable enough to be proud of being left-handed.
29．In comparison with right-handed children, what can we learn about left-handed ones?
A．Left-handed children find it hard to learn writing.
B．Left-handed children are tired of the left-handedness.
C．Left-handed children are used to writing tools too late.
D．Plenty of left-handed children can write more beautifully.
30．What advantage do left-handed people have in hand-to-hand fights?
A．They could start a surprise attack with their left hands.
B．They could attack their partners’ left sides surprisingly.
C．They have a better chance to beat their partners in history.
D．They are good at fighting especially within the boxing ring.
31．What is the computer mouse mentioned to show us?
A．Left-handed people are in fact high achievers.
B．Left-handed people have many disadvantages.
C．Many tools are designed for the left-handed people.
D．Many left-handed people receive bad remarks daily.
32．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．History of left-handed people.
B．Advantages of left-handed people.
C．False facts about left-handed people.
D．Discussion about left-handed people.
（2022秋·广东珠海·高一珠海市第二中学校考期中）Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures (手势) that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr. Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they purposely sent a message to another group member.
“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr. Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr. Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was helpful in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness (模糊) of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information included in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”
33．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr. Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Communicating messages on purpose.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Understanding complex information.
34．What did Dr. Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a failure but the methods were admirable.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
35．What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Balance. B．Difference. C．Conflict. D．Connection.
36．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language communication gestures translated
（2022秋·广东珠海·高一珠海市第二中学校考期中）Raegan Byrd tries to complete her homework every night. But the high school student in Hartford. Connecticut, has to use her mobile phone to search for the necessary information because she does not have internet connection at home.
In May, the US Department of Education (DOE) published its findings that the number of homes without access (接入) to internet has been getting smaller, but 14 percent of homes in city areas and 18percent of homes in the countryside still do not have internet connections.
In some states, the problem is much more serious. For example, in the countryside of northern Mississippi, a third of the 294 homes in Maben do not have computers. And close to half have no access to internet whether they can pay for it or not.
Sharon Stidham, a mother in Maben, has to take her four boys to the school library at East Webster High School. Her husband works there, so the children can use the internet for their schoolwork. A signal tower can be seen through the trees from their home, but they could not put aside any money for the internet. Research results from the National Center for Education (NCE) have shown that students with internet at home get much better scores in reading, math and science than the ones who do not. Some teachers call this problem “the homework divide”. Jessica Rosenworcel, an NCE member, said, “The so-called homework divide is the cruelest part of the digital age and it is hurting the poor students and creating a big barrier to their dreams.”
Local communities (社区) have started to help. They made lists of restaurants and other businesses with Wi-Fi places where children are welcome to come and do their homework. And many public libraries have also planned to provide free access to the students next year.
37．What has DOE found out in its survey?
A．Students with internet at home are doing better at school.
B．About 33% of the students in Mississippi do not have internet at home.
C．An increasing number of students do not have access to internet at home.
D．4% more homes in the countryside don’t have internet access than those in the city.
38．Why does Sharon Stidham take her sons to the East Webster High School library?
A．Her sons have to use the internet for their schoolwork.
B．She wants her sons to study in a better environment.
C．She does not want to pay for the internet at home.
D．Her husband is a teacher in the library.
39．How does Jessica Rosenworcel think of “the homework divide”?
A．Unimportant B．Useful C．Harmful. D．Positive
40．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Helps are coming from the public and the local communities.
B．Libraries have opened their doors to the students for free.
C．Restourants have volunteered to take in the children.
D．to real communities are called on to take actions.
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来特斯拉快速崛起，刺激了不同规模，甚至不同行业的“新选手们”投身电动汽车领域，电动汽车行业竞争加剧。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“And the proportion of vehicles powered by batteries will grow quickly.(电池驱动汽车的比例将迅速增长) ”可推断，电动汽车行业未来前景良好。故promising“有希望的，有前途的”最能描述电动汽车行业的发展趋势。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Raising manufacturing has caused Tesla its biggest headaches.(扩大生产规模是特斯拉最头疼的问题) ”可知，特斯拉会陷入困境是因为生产能力成为瓶颈。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“And what of the Tesla followers, from China’s Li, Nio and Xpeng to American firms such as Fisker, Lucid and Nikola? Cash from excitable investors (投资者) has poured in and it is the same with big name carmakers — as are high-tech companies, keen to get involved as transport goes digital.(从中国的Li、蔚来和小鹏，到美国的菲斯克、Lucid和尼古拉，特斯拉的追随者们又如何呢?来自兴奋的投资者的资金大量涌入，大牌汽车制造商也是如此——高科技公司也是如此，随着交通数字化，它们渴望参与进来) ”可知，特斯拉竞争对手都在接受热切投资者的资金，故“They are all receiving money from eager investors.”正确。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第二段“The increasing share price (股价) of Tesla, provides a big motivation for newcomers to catch up. (特斯拉股价的不断上涨，为后来者提供了巨大的追赶动力) ”可知，文章主要介绍了近年来特斯拉快速崛起，刺激了不同规模、甚至不同行业的“新选手们”投身电动汽车领域，电动汽车行业竞争加剧。由此可知，B选项“The Battle Within the EV Industry(电动汽车行业内部的斗争)”是文章最佳标题。故选B。
5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍短途旅行在中国越来越受欢迎。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Nearly 80 percent of the camping tour destinations were near users’ workplaces or homes, while about 15 percent involved travel to neighboring cities or suburban areas and, the group said, average expenditure on camping was about 650 yuan, up 30 percent from spending during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday in September. (近80%的露营旅游目的地靠近用户的工作场所或住所，而约15%的露营目的地是邻近城市或郊区，该组织表示，露营的平均支出约为650元，比9月份中秋节假期期间的支出增长了30%。)”可知，大多数露营地点都离旅行者的工作地点或家不远。故选C。
6．主旨大意题。根据第五段““We were concerned about COVID- 19 (新冠肺炎) control measures that may cause some uncertainty in work-related matters after the holiday, so we decided to spend the break in Beijing rather than visit other places,” she said. “It was my husband’s idea to go camping. He is a fan of such activities.” Chen chose a farmland about two hours’ drive from downtown. “The air is quite fresh there and the owner of the farmland is also friendly and generous. We made quite good memories there.”(“我们担心新冠肺炎疫情防控措施可能会给假期后的工作带来一些不确定性，所以我们决定在北京度过假期，而不是去其他地方。” 她说，“去露营是我丈夫的主意。他是此类活动的粉丝。”陈选了一块距离市中心约两小时车程的农田。“那里的空气很新鲜，农田的主人也很友好和慷慨。我们在那里留下了美好的回忆。”)”可知，本段主要介绍陈怡和她的家人为什么选择露营。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wu Ruoshan, a visiting researcher at the Tourism Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that travelers are changing their travel choices and consumption preferences, focusing more on safety in epidemic(流行病) prevention and control. “In addition to their tourism service, it is necessary for travel agencies and companies to be aware of travelers’ safety.” he said. (中国社会科学院旅游研究中心访问研究员吴若山表示，旅行者正在改变他们的旅行选择和消费偏好，在疫情防控中更加关注安全。“除了他们的旅游服务，旅行社和公司也有必要意识到旅行者的安全。”他说。)”可推断，吴若山对旅行选择和消费偏好的态度是赞成的。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Travelers across China are showing a growing preference for camping and self-driving tours because of the increasing popularity of short-distance trips, many of which made over the just-concluded National Day holiday, according to the latest industry figures. (根据最新的行业数据，由于短途旅行越来越受欢迎，中国各地的游客对露营和自驾游的偏好越来越大，其中许多是在刚刚结束的国庆假期进行的。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍短途旅行在中国越来越受欢迎。所以“Short trips, ride holiday high(短途旅行，尽情享受假期)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
9．D 10．C 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国的肥胖问题严重，政府采取了一些减少肥胖的措施，但是没有达到要求。
9．细节理解题。根据首段中的“For more than a decade, the government has declared obesity (肥胖) a national emergency and promised to take action, only to produce disappointing plans that don’t reach what is required.(十多年来，政府一直宣布肥胖为国家紧急状态，并承诺采取行动，只是制定了令人失望的计划，没有达到要求。)”可知，政府承诺采取行动减少肥胖问题，只是没有达到人们的要求。故选D项。
10．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes (糖尿病) and high blood pressure, is strongly connected with a higher risk of death from COVID-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest COVID-19 death rate in Europe.(肥胖及其相关的糖尿病和高血压疾病与COVID-19死亡风险较高密切相关，无疑是英国COVID-19死亡率最高的一个因素。)”可知，肥胖、糖尿病以及高血压都是英国COVID-19死亡率最高的一个因素，作者认为不应该用COVID-19这样的疾病让人们意识到这种可怕的后果，故划线单词的意思是“意识到”。故选C项。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few months—ahead of a possible second wave of infections—and the longer term.(预计政府本周将制定一项新战略，旨在在未来几个月内——在可能的第二波感染之前——以及长期内降低肥胖水平。)”可知，政府制定一项新策略，旨在未来降低肥胖水平，由此可知，政府接下来执行减少肥胖的新战略。故选B项。
12．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Britain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).(英国是经济合作与发展组织（OECD）中第六胖的国家。)”以及尾段中的“There is plenty of evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent years, many reports, including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer, have called for urgent action.(有大量证据表明需要采取什么措施来减少肥胖，近年来，包括英国公共卫生部和前首席医疗官在内的许多报告都呼吁采取紧急行动。)”可知，英国肥胖问题严重，引起来人们的重视，并分析了政府为此所做出了努力，由此可判断，本文标题应围绕英国的肥胖问题为主。故选C项。
13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如今在上海东西方元素结合的早餐很受人们欢迎。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For instance, coffee, which has steadily grown in popularity in the country, is one drink that many cannot do without today.(例如，咖啡在这个国家越来越受欢迎，如今很多人都离不开它。)”可知，在第一段中我们可以得知，在上海咖啡是许多人的必需品。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to Shen Yan, deputy manager of Qiaojiashan, the most popular breakfast set now is the steamed vegetable bun paired with black coffee. “The calories that one gets from a meal consisting of Chinese dim sum and coffee are less than those of a Western breakfast. Since a steamed bun has nearly 200 calories and a cup of black coffee barely has any calories, this combination can be considered healthy and delicious,” said Shen.(Qiaojiashan 副经理沈燕表示，目前最受欢迎的早餐套餐是配黑咖啡的包子。“人们从中式点心和咖啡中获得的卡路里比西式早餐要少。因为一个馒头含有近200卡路里，而一杯黑咖啡几乎没有任何卡路里，所以这种组合可以被认为是健康和美味的。”)”可知，黑咖啡包子套餐卖得好是因为它既美味又健康，故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Consumers and even cultural heritage will also benefit from the increased competition. If not for the current trend which has revived interest in certain traditional dim sum, these foods could soon be lost to history,” Shen said.(沈说，“消费者乃至文化遗产也将受益于竞争的加剧。如果不是当前的趋势重新唤起了人们对某些传统点心的兴趣，这些食品可能很快就会消失在历史中。”)”可推知，如果没有套餐组合的出现，一些传统食品可能会消失，故选D。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“To satisfy this growing demand for breakfast sets that combine elements from the East and the West, food companies have been rolling out (推出) a host of new offerings to attract the customer.(为了满足日益增长的对融合了东西方元素的早餐套餐的需求，食品公司已经推出了一系列新产品来吸引顾客。)”并结合文章其它内容可推断，文章主要说明了如今在上海东西方元素相结合的早餐受到人们的欢迎，并举例进行了说明。故选C。
17．A 18．C 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么是再生农业以及目前的发展状况。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Look for the word “regenerative” at your local grocery store. Chances are that you’ll spot it on boxes of cheese, cartons of milks, or even bags of chips. Regenerative agriculture, also called carbon farming, has become the latest darling of everyone from food companies to universities. But what is regenerative agriculture?(在你当地的杂货店寻找“再生”这个词。很可能你会在一盒盒奶酪、一盒盒牛奶，甚至一袋袋薯片上发现它。再生农业，也称为碳农业，已经成为从食品公司到大学的所有人的最新宠儿。但什么是再生农业？)”可知，作者在开篇做了一个假设，主要是为了引出再生农业这个概念。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段“In essence, regenerative agriculture is farming done in a way that helps build soil health, increase organic matter, store water more effectively, and draw carbon out of the atmosphere.(本质上，再生农业是一种有助于建立土壤健康、增加有机物、更有效地储存水和从大气中吸收碳的耕作方式)”可推知，再生农业是环保的。故选C项。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中““It’s soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness,” says Birgit Cameron, head of Patagonia Provisions. “It goes together with organic. You can call it regenerative or not, but you can’t have a truly regenerative system if organic isn’t attached to it.”(“这关乎土壤健康、动物福利和社会公平，”巴塔哥尼亚食品公司的负责人Birgit Cameron说。“它与有机食品相结合。你可以叫它再生或不再生，但如果没有有机连接，你就不可能有一个真正的再生系统。”)”可知，根据Birgit Cameron的说法，有机和再生是紧密相连的。故选B项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段““If at all possible, see the farm and purchase from them directly,” said Pettinelli. (佩蒂内利说:“如果可能的话，去看看农场，直接从那里购买。”)”可知，ettinelli建议消费者直接从农场购买。故选A项。
21．C 22．B 23．B 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现，外向者和他们的用词之间存在联系，这一发现突出表明，需要开发更强大的语言指标，用于在线个性预测工具，公司正在迅速采用这些工具来改进数字营销策略。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study by a team of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) psychologists has found a link between extraverts and their word choices. The finding highlights the need for stronger linguistic indicators to be developed for use in online personality prediction tools, which are being rapidly adopted by companies to improve digital marketing strategies.(新加坡南洋理工大学心理学家团队的一项研究发现，外向者和他们的用词之间存在联系。这一发现突出表明，需要开发更强大的语言指标，用于在线个性预测工具，公司正在迅速采用这些工具来改进数字营销策略)”可知，这项研究的发现可以用来做出实际的性格预测。故选C项。
22．词句猜测题。根据前文“However, personality prediction tools available today that are used by marketing firms are not entirely accurate due to a lack of theoretically sound designs.(然而，由于缺乏理论上合理的设计，如今营销公司使用的人格预测工具并不完全准确)”以及“This begs the question—how should we create robust and accurate personality predictions?(这就引出了一个问题——我们应该如何做出robust又准确的性格预测?)”可知，robust和accurate并列，为形容词，表达意思相近，根据前文推测如今营销公司使用的人格预测工具并不完全准确，所以此处表达“我们应该如何做出强有力而准确的性格预测”之意，robust意为“强有力的”之意，和B项“Forceful”意思相近。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段“The results showed a small strength of relationship between extraversion and the use of “positive emotion words” and “social process words.”(结果显示，外向性与“积极情绪词汇”和“社会过程词汇”的使用之间存在一定程度的关系)”以及第四段“Positive emotion words are defined as words that describe a pleasant emotional state, such as “love”, “happy”, or “blessed”, or that indicate positivity or optimism, such as “beautiful” or “nice”. Social process words include words containing personal pronouns except “I”, and words showing social intentions, such as “meet”, “share” and “talk”.(积极情绪词被定义为描述愉快情绪状态的词，如“爱”、“快乐”或“有福”，或表示积极或乐观的词，如“美丽”或“好看”。社会过程词包括除“我”外含有人称代词的词，以及表示社会意图的词，如“见面”、“分享”、“交谈”)”结合选线可知，B项“Interaction交互作用”是社会过程词，可能属于外向者的常用词汇。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Moving forward, the NTU research team will investigate the relationship between extraversion and other word categories. They hope their work will provide clarity on the types of words that can help guide the development of more accurate machine learning tools for personality prediction.(未来，南洋理工大学的研究团队将调查外向性和其他词汇类别之间的关系。他们希望他们的工作将澄清词语的类型，帮助指导开发更准确的机器学习工具，以进行性格预测)”可知，最后一段主要介绍南洋理工大学的研究团队未来的研究方向。故选A项。
25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是音乐是否有助于集中注意力。你从事的任务不同，音乐对你的注意力的影响也许会不一样。
25．词义猜测题。根据句意和划线单词后面的内容“and had a greater negative effect on task performance and concentration.（并且对任务表现和注意力有更大的负面影响）”可知，划线单词应该和后面的内容在意义上一致，根据后面所说的“负面影响”可知，划线单词distracting应该和worrying意义上一致。故选A项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration.（音量比音乐类型更重要。研究发现，音乐音量越大，注意力越不集中）”可知，音乐的音量会影响注意力。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据第五段中Taj所说的话“I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.（如果我一边听音乐一边看书，我就无法集中注意力。然而，当我写作时，我觉得音乐可以帮助我集中注意力。我没有文思枯竭。对我来说，把我的话写在纸上很容易）”和第六段中Danela所说的话“Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps（也许对阅读没有帮助，但在数学方面，听音乐肯定有帮助）”可知，Taj和Danela的共同之处是他们不能一边听音乐一边专心阅读。故选C项。
28．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是音乐是否有助于集中注意力。你从事的任务不同，音乐对你的注意力的影响也许会不一样。所以用C项“Does Music Help Concentration?（音乐有助于注意力集中吗?）”作为本文的题目和主题相符合。故选B项。
29．D 30．A 31．C 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现实生活中我们对左撇子的一些误解和不实言论，以及相应的事实。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“In fact, many left-handed people display neater handwriting than their right-handed partners.(事实上，很多左撇子比他们右撇子的伙伴显示出更整洁的笔迹)”可知，很多左撇子孩子的书法会更漂亮。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“In fact, a common sight is that the left-handed fighter is able to attack their opponents by surprise on the open, unprotected right side.(事实上，一个常见的现象是，左撇子拳击手能够在开放、无保护的右侧出其不意地攻击对手)”可知，在肉搏战中，左撇子可以用左手发动突然袭击。故选A.
31．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句话“Well, this is true, but today, there is a whole range of tools and equipment being designed for left-handed people. (嗯，这是真的，但今天，有一整套工具和设备是为左撇子设计的)”可知，举鼠标的例子就是为了证明现在很多的工具都是为了左撇子设计的。故选C。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一、二句话“It is difficult for left-handed children to learn writing of the alphabet, without personal guidance. Not true at all.(如果没有个人指导，左撇子儿童很难学习字母书写。根本不是真的)”以及第三段第一、二句话“Left-handed people have a lesser chance of surviving a hand-to-hand fight. This is anything but true. (左撇子在肉搏中生存的机会较小。这不是真的)”以及整篇文章可知，本篇文章主要介绍了现实生活中我们对左撇子的一些误解和不实言论。故选C。
33．B 34．D 35．B 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是研究者已经破译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的含义，与人类一样，野生黑猩猩也是有意图地去传达信息。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they purposely sent a message to another group member.(她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向另一个群体成员发送信息。)”可知，人类与黑猩猩都是有目的地传达信息。故选B项。
34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Dr. Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was helpful in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.(曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家Susanne Shultz博士说，这项研究有助于丰富我们对人类语言进化的了解。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”。)”和最后一段“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information included in their gestures and actions(手势含义的模糊意味着黑猩猩之间几乎没有交流，或者我们仍然缺少很多手势和动作中包含的信息。)”可知，这项研究结果是值得称赞的，但是由于缺少很多手势和动作中包含的信息结果也有些让人失望，即这是一次很好的尝试，但研究发现有限。故选D项。
35．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr. Hobaiter said.(这是呼叫和手势之间的显着差异，Hobaiter博士说。)”可知，在喊叫与手势之间是存在差距的，也就是动物与人类的交流方式上是有区别的，结合最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So…(此外，这些手势含义似乎并没有超出其它动物通过非语言交流传达的含义。所以……。)”可知，这些手势意义并没有超出其它动物通过非语言交流所传达的含义，所以与人类的语言交流之间是存在差异的，gulf意为“差异（Difference）”。故选B项。
36．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures (手势) that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate.(研究人员说，他们已经翻译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是研究者破译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义，并阐述了其研究发现的意义。故选D项。
37．D 38．A 39．C 40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述美国部分家庭没有安装网络，导致了一部分孩子不能完成家庭作业，因此社区和公共场所也大力提供帮助。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“14 percent of homes in city areas and 18 percent of homes in the countryside still do not have internet connections.(城市地区14%的家庭和农村地区18%的家庭仍然没有互联网连接)”可知，农村家庭没有网络连接的百分比比城市家庭要多出4%。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Her husband works there, so the children can use the internet for their schoolwork.(她的丈夫在那里工作，所以孩子们可以用互联网做功课)”可知，她带上四个孩子去他丈夫工作的地方是为了让孩子们有网络做作业。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Jessica Rosenworcel, an NCE member, said, “The so-called homework divide is the cruelest part of the digital age and it is hurting the poor students and creating a big barrier to their dreams.”(NCE成员Jessica Rosenworcel表示:“所谓的家庭作业鸿沟是数字时代最残酷的部分，它伤害了贫困学生，给他们的梦想制造了巨大障碍。”)”可知，essica Rosenworcel认为“家庭作业鸿沟”是对学生，尤其是平困学生是有害的。故选C项。
40．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Local communities(社区) have started to help.(当地社区已经开始提供帮助)”和“And many public libraries have also planned to provide free access to the students next year.(许多公共图书馆也计划明年向学生免费开放)”可知，当地社区和公共场所都在提供帮助。故选A项。
人教版 高一英语下学期期中复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期中真题)
专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2022春·广西南宁·高一南宁三中校考期中）Like the move from horse-drawn carriages to vehicles (车辆) powered by internal-combustion engines, the change from cars powered by fuels like oil to electric vehicles (EVs) will have a great effect on personal transport. The COVID-19 virus disease worldwide caused a 20% drop to about 70m in global light vehicle sales in 2020, but they pick up in 2021. And the proportion of vehicles powered by electricity in the market will grow quickly.
The increasing share price (股价) of Tesla, provides a big motivation for newcomers to catch up. Tesla may lead in battery technology and software, but to make those advantages stick, it must prove that “production hell” is behind it. Raising manufacturing has caused Tesla its biggest headaches.
Big name carmakers face an equally discouraging challenge: learning how to write software. Electric cars require integrated software, not just to ensure that batteries and motors work together to provide the best performance, but to connect the car to the outside world.
And what of the Tesla followers, from China’s Li, Nio and Xpeng to American firms such as Fisker, Lucid and Nikola? Cash from excitable investors (投资者) has poured in and it is the same with big name carmakers — as are high-tech companies, keen to get involved as transport goes digital. Can the followers make investors believe that they have patent technology that will give them a long-term advantage?
Eye-catching Advertisements of vehicles are one thing, but as the industry’s trouble shows, working out how to make cars in large amounts, when softwares are as important as brakes and bodywork, is quite another. The coming year will make clearer which of Tesla’s competitors, new and old, can stay in race.
1．Which word best describes the trend of electric cars industry?
A．Uncertain. B．Challenging. C．Disappointing. D．Promising.
2．Why is Tesla in trouble?
A．Its production capacity has become a bottleneck.
B．It may lose its advantage in software writing.
C．Its advertising is considered to be better than it really is.
D．It has to compete with many capable newcomers.
3．Which statement about Tesla’s competitors is TRUE?
A．Their share prices are catching up with those of Tesla.
B．They are all receiving money from eager investors.
C．Their problem lies in improving brakes and bodywork.
D．They are mostly well-established companies.
4．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．New EV Companies Are Catching up
B．The Battle Within the EV Industry
C．Electric Cars—Your Future Choice
D．Production Capacity—a Headache of EV Industry
（2022秋·重庆·高一重庆市武隆中学校联考期中）Travelers across China are showing a growing preference for camping and self-driving tours because of the increasing popularity of short-distance trips, many of which made over the just-concluded National Day holiday, according to the latest industry figures.
Camping remained popular among travelers during the holiday, with orders for camping-related tour packages on its website growing ten times year-on-year. Nearly 80 percent of the camping tour destinations were near users’ workplaces or homes, while about 15 percent involved travel to neighboring cities or suburban areas and, the group said, average expenditure on camping was about 650 yuan, up 30 percent from spending during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday in September.
Travelers aged 30 to 39 favored camping tours, especially families with children. About 83 percent of these travelers stayed overnight at campsites and enjoyed leisure activities such as fruit picking offered by local farms.
Chen Yi, 31, spent two days and one night at a farm in suburban Beijing with her family this National Day holiday. She said it was a relaxing trip. “We were concerned about COVID- 19 (新冠肺炎) control measures that may cause some uncertainty in work-related matters after the holiday, so we decided to spend the break in Beijing rather than visit other places,” she said. “It was my husband’s idea to go camping. He is a fan of such activities.” Chen chose a farmland about two hours’ drive from downtown. “The air is quite fresh there and the owner of the farmland is also friendly and generous. We made quite good memories there.”
A number of destinations not far from the city became top attractions during the recent national holiday, such as Nan’ao Island in Shantou, Guangdong province and Meizhou Island in Putian, Fujian province, catching travelers with breathtaking coastal views, figures from travel agencies showed.
Wu Ruoshan, a visiting researcher at the Tourism Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that travelers are changing their travel choices and consumption preferences, focusing more on safety in epidemic(流行病) prevention and control. “In addition to their tourism service, it is necessary for travel agencies and companies to be aware of travelers’ safety.” he said.
5．We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．The number of travelers increased by 30% from the same time last year
B．Orders for camping-related tour package went down year after year
C．Most of the camping destination were not far from travelers’ workplaces or homes
D．About 83% of the travelers stayed up and enjoyed themselves
6．What Chen Yi said in paragraph 5 is mainly about ______.
A．What she and her family worried about
B．Why she and her family chose to camp
C．Where she and her family chose to camp
D．How she and her family spent their holiday
7．Wu Ruoshan’s attitude towards travel choices and consumption preferences is ______.
A．favorable B．unreasonable C．uninterested D．worried
8．The best title of the passage is ______.
A．Camping, popular on holidays
C．National Day holiday, go and relax yourselves
D．Short trips, ride holiday high
（2022春·重庆·高一重庆八中校考期中）Britain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For more than a decade, the government has declared obesity (肥胖) a national emergency and promised to take action, only to produce disappointing plans that don’t reach what is required.
It should not have taken a disease like COVID-19 to ram home the awful consequences of the UK’s obesity. Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes (糖尿病) and high blood pressure, is strongly connected with a higher risk of death from COVID-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest COVID-19 death rate in Europe.
As the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson’s experience of catching the virus and being admitted to ICU has reportedly resulted in a complete change in him, who has previously prided himself on his dislike of an over-controlling state. The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few months—ahead of a possible second wave of infections—and the longer term.
This obvious change is welcome, but only if it results in a complete change in the government’s approach, which doesn’t rely on personal responsibility but on much tougher rules, as with tobacco and alcohol.
There is plenty of evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent years, many reports, including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer, have called for urgent action. Yet these calls were ignored by the government that has seemingly put the food and drink industry’s financial interests over the health of the nation.
9．What has the government done with obesity in the past ten years?
A．It has denied it is a national emergency.
B．It has called for immediate action on it.
C．It has taken effective steps to control it.
D．It has made unsatisfying plans to reduce it.
10．What does the underlined phrase “ram home” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Make people rather tired of. B．Make people highly doubtful of.
C．Make people fully aware of. D．Make people deeply ashamed of.
11．What might the British government do next?
A．Place less stress on financial interests.
B．Carry out a new strategy to cut obesity.
C．Set stricter limits on tobacco and alcohol.
D．Take action to reduce COVID-19 death rate.
12．What’s the best title for the text?
A．UK Suffering from COVID-19
B．UK Ready for a Complete Change
C．Obesity: An Urgent Problem in the UK
D．Obesity: A Cause of Highest COVID-19 Death Rate
（2022春·重庆·高一重庆八中校考期中）For many Chinese consumers, a satisfying breakfast is one that includes either hot porridge or steamed buns (馒头). Cold sandwiches, which are popular with Westerners, are probably one of the last options on their minds. But that is not to say that consumers, especially those in an international city like Shanghai, would avoid everything considered Western for breakfast. For instance, coffee, which has steadily grown in popularity in the country, is one drink that many cannot do without today.
To satisfy this growing demand for breakfast sets that combine elements from the East and the West, food companies have been rolling out (推出) a host of new offerings to attract the customer. One example is Shanghai Qiao Coffee, launched by local time-honored food company Qiaojiashan at the end of 2019. Apart from its traditional dim sum (点心), the store also sells various types of coffee.
According to Shen Yan, deputy manager of Qiaojiashan, the most popular breakfast set now is the steamed vegetable bun paired with black coffee. “The calories that one gets from a meal consisting of Chinese dim sum and coffee are less than those of a Western breakfast. Since a steamed bun has nearly 200 calories and a cup of black coffee barely has any calories, this combination can be considered healthy and delicious,” said Shen.
Even the smaller shoppers in the food scene are jumping on the East-West breakfast trend. Western food companies, too, have been rolling out Chinese breakfast options. “Consumers and even cultural heritage will also benefit from the increased competition. If not for the current trend which has revived interest in certain traditional dim sum, these foods could soon be lost to history,” Shen said.
13．What can we learn about breakfast in Shanghai in Paragraph 1?
A．Coffee is a must for many people.
B．Cold sandwiches are a popular choice.
C．People avoid western food for breakfast.
D．People prefer porridge and steamed buns.
14．Why does the set of the steamed vegetable bun with black coffee sell well?
A．Because it’s traditional.
B．Because it’s tasty and healthy.
C．Because it’s newly created.
D．Because it contains more vegetables.
15．What can be inferred from Shen’s words in the last paragraph?
A．Western food companies dislike East-West breakfast.
B．Big companies have the ability to seize the market share.
C．The competition for breakfast sets is of no benefit to consumers.
D．Some traditional foods may disappear without the combination trend.
16．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Chinese consumers show more interest in western food.
B．Western breakfast is warmly welcomed by Shanghai people.
C．The Chinese-Western breakfast set is becoming a hit in Shanghai.
D．Shanghai Qiao Coffee has won great success for its breakfast sets.
（2022春·辽宁沈阳·高一东北育才学校校考期中）Look for the word “regenerative” at your local grocery store. Chances are that you’ll spot it on boxes of cheese, cartons of milks, or even bags of chips. Regenerative agriculture, also called carbon farming, has become the latest darling of everyone from food companies to universities. But what is regenerative agriculture?
In essence, regenerative agriculture is farming done in a way that helps build soil health, increase organic matter, store water more effectively, and draw carbon out of the atmosphere.
This isn’t exactly a new idea—farming with soil health in mind is a concept nearly as old as agriculture itself. It wasn’t until the 1980s, however, that the Rodale Institute began using the term, and it’s only recently become a buzzword. It’s a farming philosophy focused on healing.
“It’s soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness,” says Birgit Cameron, head of Patagonia Provisions. “It goes together with organic. You can call it regenerative or not, but you can’t have a truly regenerative system if organic isn’t attached to it.”
Patagonia Provisions partners with farmers and producers interested in regenerative agriculture that are already practicing organic farming, and the company has strong animal welfare and social fairness philosophies. While regenerative agriculture is something that many small farmers have long specialized in, that doesn’t necessarily make the practice an easy one.
It’s hard to compare the regenerative agriculture products you find at the supermarket because (for the time being) General Mills’ definition will be different from Patagonia’s, whose definition might be different from your local CSA farmer’s.
“If at all possible, see the farm and purchase from them directly,” said Pettinelli. “If you can’t visit, explore their website and ask questions about their practices. It’s challenging to see past the marketing.” You can explore more about the Regenerative Organic Alliance label on their website and shop for certified products there.
17．The author make an assumption at the beginning mainly to show ______.
A．the concept of regenerative agriculture
B．the function of regenerative agriculture
C．the application of regenerative agriculture
D．the popularity of regenerative agriculture
18．What can we learn about regenerative agriculture?
A．It’s a brand-new idea.
B．It is convenient to practice.
C．It is environmentally friendly.
D．It became a buzzword in the 1980s.
19．According to Birgit Cameron, organic and regenerative are ______.
A．unrelated B．closely linked
C．opposite D．cause and effect
20．Where does Pettinelli suggest consumers buying certified products of regenerative agriculture?
A．Farm direct selling. B．Street markets.
C．Grocery stores. D．Supermarkets.
（2022春·辽宁沈阳·高一东北育才学校校考期中）A study by a team of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) psychologists has found a link between extraverts (外向的人) and their word choices. The finding highlights the need for stronger linguistic indicators to be developed for use in online personality prediction tools, which are being rapidly adopted by companies to improve digital marketing strategies.
Today, marketing companies use predictive algorithms (算法) to help them forecast what consumers want based on their online behaviors. For example, an extravert consumer might be attracted to marketing messages that match their personality, and retail brands could then choose to target such consumers by using more extraverted and creative language to advertise their products. However, personality prediction tools available today that are used by marketing firms are not entirely accurate due to a lack of theoretically sound designs. This may lead to a weakness affecting the performance of the machine learning algorithms. This begs the question—how should we create robust and accurate personality predictions?
The study found a correlation between extraverts and their tendency to use certain categories of words. The results showed a small strength of relationship between extraversion and the use of “positive emotion words” and “social process words.”
Positive emotion words are defined as words that describe a pleasant emotional state, such as “love”, ”happy”, or “blessed”, or that indicate positivity or optimism, such as “beautiful” or “nice”. Social process words include words containing personal pronouns except “I”, and words showing social intentions, such as “meet”, “share” and “talk”.
Moving forward, the NTU research team will investigate the relationship between extraversion and other word categories. They hope their work will provide clarity on the types of words that can help guide the development of more accurate machine learning tools for personality prediction.
21．We learn from the passage the findings of the study can be used to help ______.
A．observe consumers’ behavior
B．forecast the need of companies
C．create practical personality predictions
D．find correlation between extraverts and ads
22．What does the underlined word “robust” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Renewable. B．Forceful. C．Doubtful. D．Variable.
23．Which of the following words may belong to extraverts’ commonly used vocabulary?
A．Dispute. B．Interaction. C．Disaster. D．Loneliness.
24．What does the last paragraph focus on?
A．The direction of future research.
B．The theoretical basis of the study.
C．The strength of business strategies.
D．The development of machine learning tools.
（2022秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲二中校考期中）It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put my headphones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate?
Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration. In one small study, 133 students performed reading tasks while listening to either light music, hip hop, or no music at all. Students who performed the reading tasks in silence scored the highest. Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting and had a greater negative effect on task performance and concentration.
Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration. The type of music didn’t matter. Data from the study showed once again that silence was the best environment to improve concentration.
However, music has a positive effect on work performance. Studies have showed that listening to music leads to positive changes in mood, as well as creativity. In fact, in music-listening cultures, which students are certainly part of, there’s actually a change in mood when the music is taken away.
It’s hard to convince my students that music doesn’t help with their concentration. Taj, a senior told me, “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.”
“Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me. “You could actually be singing along with what you’re listening to and doing well in math.”
25．What does the underlined word “distracting” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．worrying. B．exciting. C．inspired. D．dramatical.
26．What can we learn from the small study?
A．Students do well in reading tasks while listening to music.
B．Music can’t improve people’s mood and creativity.
C．Different types of music lead to different performances.
D．The volume of music affects concentration.
27．What do Taj and Danela have in common?
A．They believe music doesn’t help concentrate.
B．They use music to help with their paper-writing.
C．They can’t focus on reading while listening to music.
D．They don’t listen to music while doing math problems.
28．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Should Students Listen to Music? B．Does Music Help Concentration?
C．Is Music Related to Reading? D．Can Music Change Mood?
（2022秋·浙江宁波·高一效实中学校考期中）The ability to use the left hand is referred to as left-handedness. Left-handedness is actually more common in the male population than in females. There is an amount of untrue information about them.
It is difficult for left-handed children to learn writing of the alphabet, without personal guidance. Not true at all. Take the left-handed kids for example. Everyone else is more bothered about his left-handedness than he himself is. The left-handed child adapts to writing, drawing and all other activities that require him to hold a writing tool as early as the right-handed. In fact, many left-handed people display neater handwriting than their right-handed partners.
Left-handed people have a lesser chance of surviving a hand-to-hand fight. This is anything but true. History has witnessed the advantage left-handedness had during hand-to-hand fights and even within the boxing ring. In fact, a common sight is that the left-handed fighter is able to attack their opponents by surprise on the open, unprotected right side.
Left-handed people are many a time at the disadvantage of using tools designed for the right-handed. Well, this is true, but today, there is a whole range of tools and equipment being designed for left-handed people. Many right-handed tools too are available, such that they can be changed to suit the needs of the left-handed craftsman (工匠). Even the computer mouse has been changed in use and the touch pad provides a left-handed professional equal opportunity.
Research shows that left-handed people are in fact high achievers. This is because their brains are structured to widen their abilities. A number of mathematical, artistic and sporting masters were and are left-handed. However, most left-handed people over the world, might have, at some stage in their life, been on the receiving end of an uncomplimentary (贬损的) remark or comment regarding their choice of hand. I am sure this list and discussion above would be reasonable enough to be proud of being left-handed.
29．In comparison with right-handed children, what can we learn about left-handed ones?
A．Left-handed children find it hard to learn writing.
B．Left-handed children are tired of the left-handedness.
C．Left-handed children are used to writing tools too late.
D．Plenty of left-handed children can write more beautifully.
30．What advantage do left-handed people have in hand-to-hand fights?
A．They could start a surprise attack with their left hands.
B．They could attack their partners’ left sides surprisingly.
C．They have a better chance to beat their partners in history.
D．They are good at fighting especially within the boxing ring.
31．What is the computer mouse mentioned to show us?
A．Left-handed people are in fact high achievers.
B．Left-handed people have many disadvantages.
C．Many tools are designed for the left-handed people.
D．Many left-handed people receive bad remarks daily.
32．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．History of left-handed people.
B．Advantages of left-handed people.
C．False facts about left-handed people.
D．Discussion about left-handed people.
（2022秋·广东珠海·高一珠海市第二中学校考期中）Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures (手势) that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr. Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they purposely sent a message to another group member.
“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr. Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr. Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was helpful in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness (模糊) of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information included in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”
33．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr. Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Communicating messages on purpose.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Understanding complex information.
34．What did Dr. Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a failure but the methods were admirable.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
35．What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Balance. B．Difference. C．Conflict. D．Connection.
36．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language communication gestures translated
（2022秋·广东珠海·高一珠海市第二中学校考期中）Raegan Byrd tries to complete her homework every night. But the high school student in Hartford. Connecticut, has to use her mobile phone to search for the necessary information because she does not have internet connection at home.
In May, the US Department of Education (DOE) published its findings that the number of homes without access (接入) to internet has been getting smaller, but 14 percent of homes in city areas and 18percent of homes in the countryside still do not have internet connections.
In some states, the problem is much more serious. For example, in the countryside of northern Mississippi, a third of the 294 homes in Maben do not have computers. And close to half have no access to internet whether they can pay for it or not.
Sharon Stidham, a mother in Maben, has to take her four boys to the school library at East Webster High School. Her husband works there, so the children can use the internet for their schoolwork. A signal tower can be seen through the trees from their home, but they could not put aside any money for the internet. Research results from the National Center for Education (NCE) have shown that students with internet at home get much better scores in reading, math and science than the ones who do not. Some teachers call this problem “the homework divide”. Jessica Rosenworcel, an NCE member, said, “The so-called homework divide is the cruelest part of the digital age and it is hurting the poor students and creating a big barrier to their dreams.”
Local communities (社区) have started to help. They made lists of restaurants and other businesses with Wi-Fi places where children are welcome to come and do their homework. And many public libraries have also planned to provide free access to the students next year.
37．What has DOE found out in its survey?
A．Students with internet at home are doing better at school.
B．About 33% of the students in Mississippi do not have internet at home.
C．An increasing number of students do not have access to internet at home.
D．4% more homes in the countryside don’t have internet access than those in the city.
38．Why does Sharon Stidham take her sons to the East Webster High School library?
A．Her sons have to use the internet for their schoolwork.
B．She wants her sons to study in a better environment.
C．She does not want to pay for the internet at home.
D．Her husband is a teacher in the library.
39．How does Jessica Rosenworcel think of “the homework divide”?
A．Unimportant B．Useful C．Harmful. D．Positive
40．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Helps are coming from the public and the local communities.
B．Libraries have opened their doors to the students for free.
C．Restourants have volunteered to take in the children.
D．to real communities are called on to take actions.
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来特斯拉快速崛起，刺激了不同规模，甚至不同行业的“新选手们”投身电动汽车领域，电动汽车行业竞争加剧。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“And the proportion of vehicles powered by batteries will grow quickly.(电池驱动汽车的比例将迅速增长) ”可推断，电动汽车行业未来前景良好。故promising“有希望的，有前途的”最能描述电动汽车行业的发展趋势。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Raising manufacturing has caused Tesla its biggest headaches.(扩大生产规模是特斯拉最头疼的问题) ”可知，特斯拉会陷入困境是因为生产能力成为瓶颈。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“And what of the Tesla followers, from China’s Li, Nio and Xpeng to American firms such as Fisker, Lucid and Nikola? Cash from excitable investors (投资者) has poured in and it is the same with big name carmakers — as are high-tech companies, keen to get involved as transport goes digital.(从中国的Li、蔚来和小鹏，到美国的菲斯克、Lucid和尼古拉，特斯拉的追随者们又如何呢?来自兴奋的投资者的资金大量涌入，大牌汽车制造商也是如此——高科技公司也是如此，随着交通数字化，它们渴望参与进来) ”可知，特斯拉竞争对手都在接受热切投资者的资金，故“They are all receiving money from eager investors.”正确。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第二段“The increasing share price (股价) of Tesla, provides a big motivation for newcomers to catch up. (特斯拉股价的不断上涨，为后来者提供了巨大的追赶动力) ”可知，文章主要介绍了近年来特斯拉快速崛起，刺激了不同规模、甚至不同行业的“新选手们”投身电动汽车领域，电动汽车行业竞争加剧。由此可知，B选项“The Battle Within the EV Industry(电动汽车行业内部的斗争)”是文章最佳标题。故选B。
5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍短途旅行在中国越来越受欢迎。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Nearly 80 percent of the camping tour destinations were near users’ workplaces or homes, while about 15 percent involved travel to neighboring cities or suburban areas and, the group said, average expenditure on camping was about 650 yuan, up 30 percent from spending during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday in September. (近80%的露营旅游目的地靠近用户的工作场所或住所，而约15%的露营目的地是邻近城市或郊区，该组织表示，露营的平均支出约为650元，比9月份中秋节假期期间的支出增长了30%。)”可知，大多数露营地点都离旅行者的工作地点或家不远。故选C。
6．主旨大意题。根据第五段““We were concerned about COVID- 19 (新冠肺炎) control measures that may cause some uncertainty in work-related matters after the holiday, so we decided to spend the break in Beijing rather than visit other places,” she said. “It was my husband’s idea to go camping. He is a fan of such activities.” Chen chose a farmland about two hours’ drive from downtown. “The air is quite fresh there and the owner of the farmland is also friendly and generous. We made quite good memories there.”(“我们担心新冠肺炎疫情防控措施可能会给假期后的工作带来一些不确定性，所以我们决定在北京度过假期，而不是去其他地方。” 她说，“去露营是我丈夫的主意。他是此类活动的粉丝。”陈选了一块距离市中心约两小时车程的农田。“那里的空气很新鲜，农田的主人也很友好和慷慨。我们在那里留下了美好的回忆。”)”可知，本段主要介绍陈怡和她的家人为什么选择露营。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wu Ruoshan, a visiting researcher at the Tourism Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that travelers are changing their travel choices and consumption preferences, focusing more on safety in epidemic(流行病) prevention and control. “In addition to their tourism service, it is necessary for travel agencies and companies to be aware of travelers’ safety.” he said. (中国社会科学院旅游研究中心访问研究员吴若山表示，旅行者正在改变他们的旅行选择和消费偏好，在疫情防控中更加关注安全。“除了他们的旅游服务，旅行社和公司也有必要意识到旅行者的安全。”他说。)”可推断，吴若山对旅行选择和消费偏好的态度是赞成的。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Travelers across China are showing a growing preference for camping and self-driving tours because of the increasing popularity of short-distance trips, many of which made over the just-concluded National Day holiday, according to the latest industry figures. (根据最新的行业数据，由于短途旅行越来越受欢迎，中国各地的游客对露营和自驾游的偏好越来越大，其中许多是在刚刚结束的国庆假期进行的。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍短途旅行在中国越来越受欢迎。所以“Short trips, ride holiday high(短途旅行，尽情享受假期)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
9．D 10．C 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国的肥胖问题严重，政府采取了一些减少肥胖的措施，但是没有达到要求。
9．细节理解题。根据首段中的“For more than a decade, the government has declared obesity (肥胖) a national emergency and promised to take action, only to produce disappointing plans that don’t reach what is required.(十多年来，政府一直宣布肥胖为国家紧急状态，并承诺采取行动，只是制定了令人失望的计划，没有达到要求。)”可知，政府承诺采取行动减少肥胖问题，只是没有达到人们的要求。故选D项。
10．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes (糖尿病) and high blood pressure, is strongly connected with a higher risk of death from COVID-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest COVID-19 death rate in Europe.(肥胖及其相关的糖尿病和高血压疾病与COVID-19死亡风险较高密切相关，无疑是英国COVID-19死亡率最高的一个因素。)”可知，肥胖、糖尿病以及高血压都是英国COVID-19死亡率最高的一个因素，作者认为不应该用COVID-19这样的疾病让人们意识到这种可怕的后果，故划线单词的意思是“意识到”。故选C项。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few months—ahead of a possible second wave of infections—and the longer term.(预计政府本周将制定一项新战略，旨在在未来几个月内——在可能的第二波感染之前——以及长期内降低肥胖水平。)”可知，政府制定一项新策略，旨在未来降低肥胖水平，由此可知，政府接下来执行减少肥胖的新战略。故选B项。
12．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Britain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).(英国是经济合作与发展组织（OECD）中第六胖的国家。)”以及尾段中的“There is plenty of evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent years, many reports, including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer, have called for urgent action.(有大量证据表明需要采取什么措施来减少肥胖，近年来，包括英国公共卫生部和前首席医疗官在内的许多报告都呼吁采取紧急行动。)”可知，英国肥胖问题严重，引起来人们的重视，并分析了政府为此所做出了努力，由此可判断，本文标题应围绕英国的肥胖问题为主。故选C项。
13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如今在上海东西方元素结合的早餐很受人们欢迎。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For instance, coffee, which has steadily grown in popularity in the country, is one drink that many cannot do without today.(例如，咖啡在这个国家越来越受欢迎，如今很多人都离不开它。)”可知，在第一段中我们可以得知，在上海咖啡是许多人的必需品。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to Shen Yan, deputy manager of Qiaojiashan, the most popular breakfast set now is the steamed vegetable bun paired with black coffee. “The calories that one gets from a meal consisting of Chinese dim sum and coffee are less than those of a Western breakfast. Since a steamed bun has nearly 200 calories and a cup of black coffee barely has any calories, this combination can be considered healthy and delicious,” said Shen.(Qiaojiashan 副经理沈燕表示，目前最受欢迎的早餐套餐是配黑咖啡的包子。“人们从中式点心和咖啡中获得的卡路里比西式早餐要少。因为一个馒头含有近200卡路里，而一杯黑咖啡几乎没有任何卡路里，所以这种组合可以被认为是健康和美味的。”)”可知，黑咖啡包子套餐卖得好是因为它既美味又健康，故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Consumers and even cultural heritage will also benefit from the increased competition. If not for the current trend which has revived interest in certain traditional dim sum, these foods could soon be lost to history,” Shen said.(沈说，“消费者乃至文化遗产也将受益于竞争的加剧。如果不是当前的趋势重新唤起了人们对某些传统点心的兴趣，这些食品可能很快就会消失在历史中。”)”可推知，如果没有套餐组合的出现，一些传统食品可能会消失，故选D。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“To satisfy this growing demand for breakfast sets that combine elements from the East and the West, food companies have been rolling out (推出) a host of new offerings to attract the customer.(为了满足日益增长的对融合了东西方元素的早餐套餐的需求，食品公司已经推出了一系列新产品来吸引顾客。)”并结合文章其它内容可推断，文章主要说明了如今在上海东西方元素相结合的早餐受到人们的欢迎，并举例进行了说明。故选C。
17．A 18．C 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么是再生农业以及目前的发展状况。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Look for the word “regenerative” at your local grocery store. Chances are that you’ll spot it on boxes of cheese, cartons of milks, or even bags of chips. Regenerative agriculture, also called carbon farming, has become the latest darling of everyone from food companies to universities. But what is regenerative agriculture?(在你当地的杂货店寻找“再生”这个词。很可能你会在一盒盒奶酪、一盒盒牛奶，甚至一袋袋薯片上发现它。再生农业，也称为碳农业，已经成为从食品公司到大学的所有人的最新宠儿。但什么是再生农业？)”可知，作者在开篇做了一个假设，主要是为了引出再生农业这个概念。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段“In essence, regenerative agriculture is farming done in a way that helps build soil health, increase organic matter, store water more effectively, and draw carbon out of the atmosphere.(本质上，再生农业是一种有助于建立土壤健康、增加有机物、更有效地储存水和从大气中吸收碳的耕作方式)”可推知，再生农业是环保的。故选C项。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中““It’s soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness,” says Birgit Cameron, head of Patagonia Provisions. “It goes together with organic. You can call it regenerative or not, but you can’t have a truly regenerative system if organic isn’t attached to it.”(“这关乎土壤健康、动物福利和社会公平，”巴塔哥尼亚食品公司的负责人Birgit Cameron说。“它与有机食品相结合。你可以叫它再生或不再生，但如果没有有机连接，你就不可能有一个真正的再生系统。”)”可知，根据Birgit Cameron的说法，有机和再生是紧密相连的。故选B项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段““If at all possible, see the farm and purchase from them directly,” said Pettinelli. (佩蒂内利说:“如果可能的话，去看看农场，直接从那里购买。”)”可知，ettinelli建议消费者直接从农场购买。故选A项。
21．C 22．B 23．B 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现，外向者和他们的用词之间存在联系，这一发现突出表明，需要开发更强大的语言指标，用于在线个性预测工具，公司正在迅速采用这些工具来改进数字营销策略。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study by a team of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) psychologists has found a link between extraverts and their word choices. The finding highlights the need for stronger linguistic indicators to be developed for use in online personality prediction tools, which are being rapidly adopted by companies to improve digital marketing strategies.(新加坡南洋理工大学心理学家团队的一项研究发现，外向者和他们的用词之间存在联系。这一发现突出表明，需要开发更强大的语言指标，用于在线个性预测工具，公司正在迅速采用这些工具来改进数字营销策略)”可知，这项研究的发现可以用来做出实际的性格预测。故选C项。
22．词句猜测题。根据前文“However, personality prediction tools available today that are used by marketing firms are not entirely accurate due to a lack of theoretically sound designs.(然而，由于缺乏理论上合理的设计，如今营销公司使用的人格预测工具并不完全准确)”以及“This begs the question—how should we create robust and accurate personality predictions?(这就引出了一个问题——我们应该如何做出robust又准确的性格预测?)”可知，robust和accurate并列，为形容词，表达意思相近，根据前文推测如今营销公司使用的人格预测工具并不完全准确，所以此处表达“我们应该如何做出强有力而准确的性格预测”之意，robust意为“强有力的”之意，和B项“Forceful”意思相近。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段“The results showed a small strength of relationship between extraversion and the use of “positive emotion words” and “social process words.”(结果显示，外向性与“积极情绪词汇”和“社会过程词汇”的使用之间存在一定程度的关系)”以及第四段“Positive emotion words are defined as words that describe a pleasant emotional state, such as “love”, “happy”, or “blessed”, or that indicate positivity or optimism, such as “beautiful” or “nice”. Social process words include words containing personal pronouns except “I”, and words showing social intentions, such as “meet”, “share” and “talk”.(积极情绪词被定义为描述愉快情绪状态的词，如“爱”、“快乐”或“有福”，或表示积极或乐观的词，如“美丽”或“好看”。社会过程词包括除“我”外含有人称代词的词，以及表示社会意图的词，如“见面”、“分享”、“交谈”)”结合选线可知，B项“Interaction交互作用”是社会过程词，可能属于外向者的常用词汇。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Moving forward, the NTU research team will investigate the relationship between extraversion and other word categories. They hope their work will provide clarity on the types of words that can help guide the development of more accurate machine learning tools for personality prediction.(未来，南洋理工大学的研究团队将调查外向性和其他词汇类别之间的关系。他们希望他们的工作将澄清词语的类型，帮助指导开发更准确的机器学习工具，以进行性格预测)”可知，最后一段主要介绍南洋理工大学的研究团队未来的研究方向。故选A项。
25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是音乐是否有助于集中注意力。你从事的任务不同，音乐对你的注意力的影响也许会不一样。
25．词义猜测题。根据句意和划线单词后面的内容“and had a greater negative effect on task performance and concentration.（并且对任务表现和注意力有更大的负面影响）”可知，划线单词应该和后面的内容在意义上一致，根据后面所说的“负面影响”可知，划线单词distracting应该和worrying意义上一致。故选A项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration.（音量比音乐类型更重要。研究发现，音乐音量越大，注意力越不集中）”可知，音乐的音量会影响注意力。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据第五段中Taj所说的话“I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.（如果我一边听音乐一边看书，我就无法集中注意力。然而，当我写作时，我觉得音乐可以帮助我集中注意力。我没有文思枯竭。对我来说，把我的话写在纸上很容易）”和第六段中Danela所说的话“Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps（也许对阅读没有帮助，但在数学方面，听音乐肯定有帮助）”可知，Taj和Danela的共同之处是他们不能一边听音乐一边专心阅读。故选C项。
28．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是音乐是否有助于集中注意力。你从事的任务不同，音乐对你的注意力的影响也许会不一样。所以用C项“Does Music Help Concentration?（音乐有助于注意力集中吗?）”作为本文的题目和主题相符合。故选B项。
29．D 30．A 31．C 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现实生活中我们对左撇子的一些误解和不实言论，以及相应的事实。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“In fact, many left-handed people display neater handwriting than their right-handed partners.(事实上，很多左撇子比他们右撇子的伙伴显示出更整洁的笔迹)”可知，很多左撇子孩子的书法会更漂亮。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“In fact, a common sight is that the left-handed fighter is able to attack their opponents by surprise on the open, unprotected right side.(事实上，一个常见的现象是，左撇子拳击手能够在开放、无保护的右侧出其不意地攻击对手)”可知，在肉搏战中，左撇子可以用左手发动突然袭击。故选A.
31．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句话“Well, this is true, but today, there is a whole range of tools and equipment being designed for left-handed people. (嗯，这是真的，但今天，有一整套工具和设备是为左撇子设计的)”可知，举鼠标的例子就是为了证明现在很多的工具都是为了左撇子设计的。故选C。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一、二句话“It is difficult for left-handed children to learn writing of the alphabet, without personal guidance. Not true at all.(如果没有个人指导，左撇子儿童很难学习字母书写。根本不是真的)”以及第三段第一、二句话“Left-handed people have a lesser chance of surviving a hand-to-hand fight. This is anything but true. (左撇子在肉搏中生存的机会较小。这不是真的)”以及整篇文章可知，本篇文章主要介绍了现实生活中我们对左撇子的一些误解和不实言论。故选C。
33．B 34．D 35．B 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是研究者已经破译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的含义，与人类一样，野生黑猩猩也是有意图地去传达信息。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they purposely sent a message to another group member.(她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向另一个群体成员发送信息。)”可知，人类与黑猩猩都是有目的地传达信息。故选B项。
34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Dr. Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was helpful in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.(曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家Susanne Shultz博士说，这项研究有助于丰富我们对人类语言进化的了解。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”。)”和最后一段“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information included in their gestures and actions(手势含义的模糊意味着黑猩猩之间几乎没有交流，或者我们仍然缺少很多手势和动作中包含的信息。)”可知，这项研究结果是值得称赞的，但是由于缺少很多手势和动作中包含的信息结果也有些让人失望，即这是一次很好的尝试，但研究发现有限。故选D项。
35．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr. Hobaiter said.(这是呼叫和手势之间的显着差异，Hobaiter博士说。)”可知，在喊叫与手势之间是存在差距的，也就是动物与人类的交流方式上是有区别的，结合最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So…(此外，这些手势含义似乎并没有超出其它动物通过非语言交流传达的含义。所以……。)”可知，这些手势意义并没有超出其它动物通过非语言交流所传达的含义，所以与人类的语言交流之间是存在差异的，gulf意为“差异（Difference）”。故选B项。
36．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures (手势) that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate.(研究人员说，他们已经翻译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是研究者破译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义，并阐述了其研究发现的意义。故选D项。
37．D 38．A 39．C 40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述美国部分家庭没有安装网络，导致了一部分孩子不能完成家庭作业，因此社区和公共场所也大力提供帮助。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“14 percent of homes in city areas and 18 percent of homes in the countryside still do not have internet connections.(城市地区14%的家庭和农村地区18%的家庭仍然没有互联网连接)”可知，农村家庭没有网络连接的百分比比城市家庭要多出4%。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Her husband works there, so the children can use the internet for their schoolwork.(她的丈夫在那里工作，所以孩子们可以用互联网做功课)”可知，她带上四个孩子去他丈夫工作的地方是为了让孩子们有网络做作业。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Jessica Rosenworcel, an NCE member, said, “The so-called homework divide is the cruelest part of the digital age and it is hurting the poor students and creating a big barrier to their dreams.”(NCE成员Jessica Rosenworcel表示:“所谓的家庭作业鸿沟是数字时代最残酷的部分，它伤害了贫困学生，给他们的梦想制造了巨大障碍。”)”可知，essica Rosenworcel认为“家庭作业鸿沟”是对学生，尤其是平困学生是有害的。故选C项。
40．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Local communities(社区) have started to help.(当地社区已经开始提供帮助)”和“And many public libraries have also planned to provide free access to the students next year.(许多公共图书馆也计划明年向学生免费开放)”可知，当地社区和公共场所都在提供帮助。故选A项。
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