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2022-2023学年甘肃省兰州市第五十一中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年甘肃省兰州市第五十一中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共24页。试卷主要包含了15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届高三考试试题
英语试题
注意事项：
1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟。
2.答卷前,考生务必将自己的班级、姓名、准考证号、座号用0.5mm黑色签字笔和2B铅笔分别涂写在答题卡上。
3.选择题每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题直接答在答题卡相应区域，不能答在试卷上;试卷不交，请妥善保存，只交答题卡。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a copy shop.
2. What does the man have to do?
A. Queue up for the form. B. Call the woman. C. Wait for the doctor.
3. What is the man doing?
A. Raising money. B. Doing charity. C. Reading the materials.
4. How much is the dress now?
A. $15. B. $35. C. $50.
5. What happened to Amy’s friend?
A. She got injured in a car crash.
B. She was hurt while skating.
C. She caught a bad cold.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When will the man’s train leave?
A. At 10: 30. B. At 10: 40. C. At 11: 00.
7. Where does the man prefer to sit in the carriage?
A. Beside a window. B. Far from a window. C. In the front of it.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is Chuck going to do?
A. Sell his car. B. Move overseas. C. Get a newer car.
9. What do we know about Laurance’s car?
A. It’s a four-door vehicle. B. It’s electrically-powered. C. It has an automatic air-conditioner.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Receptionist and customer. B. Landlady and renter. C. Husband and wife.
11. Which room does the man decide to have?
A. The one on the first floor.
B. The one on the thirteenth floor.
C. The one on the fifteenth floor.
12. How much does the man have to pay in total?
A. $100. B. $120. C. $600.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. When does the man’s back hurt the most?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.
14. What does the doctor suggest the man do?
A. Stand more instead of sitting.
B. Take a long vacation.
C. Exercise less often.
15. When will the man see the doctor again?
A. In eight weeks. B. In six weeks. C. In four weeks.
16. What will the man do next?
A. Talk to the receptionist. B. See another doctor. C. Check the woman’s schedule.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the possibility of being left-handed?
A. 25%. B. 15%. C. 10%.
18. Which of the following statements will the experts agree to?
A. Male left-handers outnumber female left-handers.
B. Left-handers are cleverer than right-handers.
C. Left-handers are socially determined.
19. When did the International Left-handers Day first celebrated?
A. In 1976. B. In 1990. C. In 1997.
20. How do scientists probably think people actually become left-handers?
A. Through practising continually.
B. It is genetically handed down.
C. It is requested by their parents.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
General Camping & RV Info
Your 3-Day GA Pass includes camping for Friday, Saturday and Sunday night. If you’d like to camp at the park on Thursday night, you need to purchase a Thursday Pre-Party pass in addition to your 3-day pass. Thursday night campers definitely score the best camping spots, and there will be tons of great music and fun if you want to start partying early!
A general parking pass will need to be purchased per car upon entrance to the park (VIPs get a special parking area). NO VEHICLES ARE ALLOWED ON THE CAMPGROUNDS, unless you get an RV spot. As long as you pay to park your car in the parking lot and have a parking pass, you can come and go as you please. If you lose your parking pass or wristband, you will have to pay again. If you buy an RV spot, you must keep your RV in the park until the event is over. You will NOT be allowed to come and go with your RV. If you have an RV spot and you want to leave, you may leave but not return without paying again.
Camping Rules & Regulations
For the safety of everyone attending Summer Camp Music Festival, we ask that everyone follow this short list of rules and regulations.
●No outside alcoholic beverages will be allowed on the grounds; there will be alcoholic drinks available in the vending areas and the Summer Camp General Store.
●No campfires will be allowed though there will be a fire pit. The fire pit will be controlled and we ask that everyone stay at least 5 feet from the fire pit at all times.
●No laser pointers, drones, weapons, contraband or other banned items allowed in festival site.
●Please place all waste in the nearest waste station, no littering.
●Please do not set up your tent in the roadways.
1. Which pass guarantees you a camping from Thursday to Sunday?
A. A general parking pass. B. 3-Day GA Pass only.
C. Pre-Party Pass only. D. 3-Day GA Pass and Pre-Party Pass.
2. What can a camper with an RV spot do?
A. Get a special parking area for his RV. B. Get a general parking pass free of charge.
C. Be allowed to drive to the campgrounds. D. Be free to get in and out of the park in his RV.
3. Which is allowed for the people attending the festival?
A. Lighting a campfire in a fire pit. B. Enjoying alcoholic drinks in the park.
C. Setting up a tent anywhere as one pleases. D. Taking a laser pointer to liven things up.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加夏令营音乐节的一些事宜，包括通行证，停车位，以及每个人应该遵循的规则和条例。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Your 3-Day GA Pass includes camping for Friday, Saturday and Sunday night. If you’d like to camp at the park on Thursday night, you need to purchase a Thursday Pre-Party pass in addition to your 3-day pass.( 你的3天GA通行证包括周五、周六和周日晚上的露营。如果你想在星期四晚上在公园露营，除了三天的通行证外，你还需要购买一张星期四聚会前的通行证)”可知，3天GA通行证和聚会前通行证能使你从周四到周日露营。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“NO VEHICLES ARE ALLOWED ON THE CAMPGROUNDS, unless you get an RV spot.(营地不允许车辆进入，除非你有房车停车位)”可知，有野营车停车位露营者可以驾车到露营地。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Camping Rules & Regulations下的“No campfires will be allowed, though there will be a fire pit. The fire pit will be controlled and we ask that everyone stay at least 5 feet from the fire pit at all times.(不允许生篝火，但是这里有一个火坑。火坑将被控制，我们要求每个人在任何时候都离火坑至少5英尺)”可知，参加节日的人可以在火坑里点燃篝火。故选A。
B
Before arriving in China in 2017, I had read various books relating to China, and the seeds of my fascination were sown.
Therefore, when I arrived, I couldn’t have been more excited to be living in this huge historically and culturally rich country. The food, the landmarks, the mega cities and everyday life — I couldn’t wait to explore.
Yet despite my enthusiasm, learning Chinese hadn’t even entered my mind. This wasn’t ignorance or laziness, but rather fear at the prospect of attempting to learn what is regarded as the most difficult language in the world. Besides this, I was living in Shanghai, an international city, with many people speaking English as a second language — I decided English would suffice.
However, after a year in China I began to observe that while many expats did not speak Chinese, there were plenty who did. Perhaps it was achievable after all? In addition I felt uncomfortable with how many Chinese people could speak English and yet I couldn’t even speak the most basic Chinese. With these factors in mind and a thirst for a new challenge I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier.
Learning to speak Chinese isn’t as insurmountable as I once assumed. When I speak to native Chinese speakers in Chinese, they almost always understand me, I have also not found it too difficult to remember characters and I am now even able to write over 400 characters. The thing I find most challenging is listening since native speakers talk at such a speed. I can’t always understand what’s been said.
My biggest takeaway from learning Chinese is that it’s not only doable but can also be enjoyable. Learning Chinese not only helped me in day-to-day life, but deepened my cultural understanding of such a diverse and fascinating country. So, to all my non-Chinese friends I say this, embrace the challenge and take the leap of faith.
4. Why didn’t the author learn Chinese when he arrived in China in 2017?
A. He showed no enthusiasm for China. B. He was unwilling to make the effort.
C. He resisted learning a second language. D. He avoided doing something difficult.
5. What caused the author to learn Chinese?
A. His regret about starting learning late. B. Support from many expats around him.
C. Eagerness to rise to the challenge. D. A thirst to prove his gift for language.
6. What does the underlined word “insurmountable” in the 5th paragraph mean?
A. Valueless. B. Difficult. C. Unnecessary. D. Unacceptable.
7. What can we learn from the author’s experience?
A. Love breaks down barriers. B. Hard work pays off.
C. Persistence is the key to success. D. Bravery opens up a new world.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学习中文的经历，从一开始的恐惧到后来乐于接受挑战，学习中文给作者带来了新的体验。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yet despite my enthusiasm, learning Chinese hadn’t even entered my mind. This wasn’t ignorance or laziness, but rather fear at the prospect of attempting to learn what is regarded as the most difficult language in the world. Besides this, I was living in Shanghai, an international city, with many people speaking English as a second language—I decided English would suffice. (然而，尽管我满怀热情，学习中文却从未进入我的脑海。这并不是无知或懒惰，而是对学习被认为是世界上最难的语言的恐惧。除此之外，我住在上海，一个国际化的城市，很多人把英语作为第二语言——我认为英语就足够了)”可知，作者2017年到中国时没有学习中文是因为他避免做一些困难的事情。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“With these factors in mind and a thirst for a new challenge I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier.(考虑到这些因素和对新挑战的渴望，我决定开始我的语言之旅，我唯一的遗憾是我没有早点开始)”可知，乐于接受挑战促使作者学习中文。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“When I speak to native Chinese speakers in Chinese, they almost always understand me, I have also not found it too difficult to remember characters and I am now even able to write over 400 characters.(当我用中文和以中国为母语的人交谈时，他们几乎都能听懂我的话，我也没有发现记汉字太难，我现在甚至能写400多个汉字)”可知，作者如今认为记汉字不困难了，说明学习讲中文并不像自己曾经想象的那样困难。故划线词意思是“困难的”。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Learning Chinese not only helped me in day-to-day life, but deepened my cultural understanding of such a diverse and fascinating country. So, to all my non-Chinese friends I say this, embrace the challenge and take the leap of faith.(学习中文不仅对我的日常生活有帮助，而且加深了我对这个多元而迷人的国家的文化理解。所以，我想对我所有的外国朋友说，拥抱挑战，实现信念的飞跃)”可知，我们能从作者的经历中学到：勇敢开启新世界。故选D。
C
Most of us learn how to ride a bike during childhood. But as we grow older, many of us stop riding and put those once-beloved bikes in storage. Years later, when we discover these relics and hop on, it’s as if we never stopped biking.
This is surprising because our memories let us down in so many other instances. So how is it that we can ride a bicycle when we haven’t done so in years?
As it turns out, different types of memories are stored in distinct regions of our brains. Long-term memory is divided into two types: declarative and procedural.
There are two types of declarative memory. Memories of experiences such as the day we started school are called episodic memory(情景记忆). This type of recall is our interpretation of an episode or event that occurred. Factual knowledge, on the other hand, such as the capital of France, is part of semantic memory(语义记忆). These two types of declarative memory content have one thing in common—you are aware of the knowledge and can communicate the memories to others.
Skills such as playing an instrument or riding a bicycle are, however, based on a separate system, called procedural memory, which is responsible for performance.
One of the most famous studies showing the separate memory systems was that of an epileptic(癫痫病患者) named Henry Molaison (H. M.). In the 1950s he underwent the removal of portions of his brain. After the operation doctors found that many of H. M.’s memories of the time before the operation were also erased.
In one test, researchers asked H. M. to trace a five-pointed star on a sheet of paper while only looking at it and his hand in a mirror—meaning the image was reversed. Although H. M.’s hand-eye coordination(协调) skills improved over the several days he performed this task, he never remembered performing it. This meant that he could develop new procedural, but not declarative, memories.
So simple sequences of movements we internalize, even far in the past, are typically preserved for a lifetime. It’s “just like riding a bicycle.”
8. Why riding a bicycle is mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. To introduce the topic. B. To provide an example.
C. To support an argument. D. To make comparisons.
9. What do memories of experiences belong to?
A. Short-term memory. B. Declarative memory.
C. Semantic memory. D. Procedural memory.
10. What can we learn from Henry Molaison’s case?
A. Brain injury tends to erase people’s all past memories.
B. H. M. couldn’t develop new memories after the operation.
C. Declarative knowledge is stable and will last long.
D. Procedural memory contents aren’t easily forgotten.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Why don’t we forget how to ride a bike?
B. Learn to ride a bike for once and for all
C Is there a memory that never lets us down?
D. Where are memories stored in our brains?
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过多年不骑自行车但仍记得如何骑自行车这一现象来说明记忆的不同类型及其特点。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“Most of us learn how to ride a bike during childhood. But as we grow older, many of us stop riding and put those once-beloved bikes in storage. Years later, when we discover these relics and hop on, it’s as if we never stopped biking.(我们大多数人在童年时期就学会了如何骑自行车。但随着年龄的增长，我们中的许多人停止骑行，并将那些曾经心爱的自行车存放起来。多年后，当我们发现这些遗物并跳上去时，就好像我们从未停止过骑自行车一样。)”可知，我们尽管多年不骑自行车，但是再重新去骑自行车时仍然会骑，结合下文中的“This is surprising because our memories let us down in so many other instances. So how is it that we can ride a bicycle when we haven’t done so in years?(这是令人惊讶的，因为我们的记忆在许多其他情况下让我们失望。那么，当我们多年没有骑自行车时，我们怎么能骑自行车呢？)”可知，我们多年不骑车，怎么我们还会骑呢？所以首段的作用是引出本文的话题。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“There are two types of declarative memory. Memories of experiences such as the day we started school are called episodic memory(情景记忆). This type of recall is our interpretation of an episode or event that occurred.(有两种类型的陈述性记忆。诸如我们开始上学的那一天之类的经历的记忆称为情景记忆。这种类型的回忆是我们对发生的情节或事件的解释。)”可知，陈述性记忆有两种，其中一种就是与经历有关。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Although H. M.’s hand-eye coordination(协调) skills improved over the several days he performed this task, he never remembered performing it. This meant that he could develop new procedural, but not declarative, memories.(尽管H.M.的手眼协调技能在他执行这项任务的几天中有所提高，但他从未记得执行过这项任务。这意味着他可以发展新的程序性记忆，但不是陈述性的记忆。)”可知，他能够培养程序性记忆，但是不能培养陈述性记忆，由此可知，程序性记忆的更不容易忘记。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“This is surprising because our memories let us down in so many other instances. So how is it that we can ride a bicycle when we haven’t done so in years?(这是令人惊讶的，因为我们的记忆在许多其他情况下让我们失望。那么，当我们多年没有骑自行车时，我们怎么能骑自行车呢？)”可知，本文通过骑自行车的现象提出问题：为什么我们不会忘记骑自行车？再结合下文对这一问题的做出的回答，以及尾段“So simple sequences of movements we internalize, even far in the past, are typically preserved for a lifetime. It’s “just like riding a bicycle.”(因此，我们内化的简单运动序列，即使在遥远的过去，通常也会被保存一生。这“就像骑自行车一样”。)”做出结论性的回答，由以上内容可以判断出，本文主要讲述的是为什么我们不会忘记骑自行车。故选A项。
D
Have you ever wondered how astronauts clean their clothes in space? You may find the answer surprising—they do not.
They wear their clothes until they cannot take the dirt and smell anymore. Then, they throw them away.
NASA wants to change that—if not at the International Space Station (ISS), then the moon and Mars. This would mean the end to throwing away lots of dirty clothes every year. Up to now, they simply had to put them with other waste in old supply ships to burn up in the atmosphere. NASA is working with the U. S. company, Procter & Gamble (P&G), to learn how best to clean astronauts’ clothes in space. They could use the clothes for months or even years, just like on Earth.
NASA says rocket storage space is small and costly. So, why waste it on new clothes if they could keep their old clothes looking and smelling fresh? An astronaut needs 68 kilograms of clothes in space per year. The clothes would use a lot of storage space, especially on a three-year Mars mission.
There are also the problems of health and comfort.
Space station astronauts exercise two hours every day to fight the effects of weightlessness on their bodies. Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut, says their exercise clothing becomes so unpleasant that they use a new set every week, and that while NASA and the other space station partners have researched ways to lengthen wear time with special clothes, that is not a long-term solution.
In its first experiment, P&G will send up detergent(洗涤剂) made just for space in December. Scientists will then see how the compounds in the detergent react to six months of weightlessness. Next May, they will send stain-removal pens and cloths to the ISS for testing by astronauts. At the same time, P&G is developing a washer-dryer machine that could operate on the moon or even Mars. It would use small amounts of water and detergent. Such a machine could also be useful in dry places here on Earth.
12. What problem in space do NASA and P&G aim to solve?
A. Lack of detergents. B. Lack of comforts.
C. Lack of space. D. Lack of fund.
13. What can be inferred from what Leland Melvin says?
A. Exercise in space is physically demanding.
B. Lengthening wear time of clothes in space is practical.
C. The cooperation between NASA and P&G is workable.
D. New clothes are of benefit compared to used clothes.
14. What will P&G do in the next year?
A. Send detergent into space.
B. Send stain-removal pens and cloths into space.
C. Develop a washer-dryer machine using little water.
D. Operate a machine on the moon or even Mars.
15. In which section of a website may this text appear?
A. Science. B. Education. C. Culture. D. Politics.
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局与宝洁公司合作，研究如何在太空中最好地清洁宇航员的衣服。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“NASA is working with the U. S. company, Procter & Gamble (P&G), to learn how best to clean astronauts’ clothes in space. They could use the clothes for months or even years, just like on Earth.(美国宇航局正在与美国宝洁公司合作，了解在太空清洁宇航员衣物的最好方法。以便制作出可以像在地球上一样，能穿几个月甚至几年的衣服)”以及第四段中“NASA says rocket storage space is small and costly. So, why waste it on new clothes if they could keep their old clothes looking and smelling fresh? An astronaut needs 68 kilograms of clothes in space per year. The clothes would use a lot of storage space, especially on a three-year Mars mission.(美国国家航空航天局表示，火箭的存储空间小且昂贵。所以，如果他们可以让旧衣服看起来和闻起来都很新鲜，为什么要浪费在新衣服上呢？宇航员在太空中每年需要68公斤的衣服。这些衣服会占用大量的存储空间，尤其是在为期三年的火星任务中)”可推知，NASA和宝洁公司的目标是解决太空中的空间不足问题。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut, says their exercise clothing becomes so unpleasant that they use a new set every week, and that while NASA and the other space station partners have researched ways to lengthen wear time with special clothes, that is not a long-term solution.(前美国宇航局宇航员利兰·梅尔文（Leland Melvin）说，他们的运动服变得非常不舒服，以至于他们每周都要换一套新的。虽然美国宇航局和其他空间站合作伙伴已经研究了通过特殊服装来延长穿着时间的方法，但这不是一个长期的解决方案)”可推知，宇航员对衣服的需求量还是比较高的，单单是延长衣服在太空中的穿着时间，并不是一个长期的解决方案，所以NASA和宝洁的合作，能在太空中清洁宇航员的衣服是可行的。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Next May, they will send stain-removal pens and cloths to the ISS for testing by astronauts.(明年5月，他们将把污渍去除笔和布料送到国际空间站，供宇航员测试)”可知，宝洁公司明年会把去除污渍的笔和布送入太空。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered how astronauts clean their clothes in space? You may find the answer surprising—they do not.(你有没有想过宇航员是如何在太空中清洁衣物的？答案可能令你感到惊讶——他们不需要洗衣服)”可知，本文的主要讲述了宇航员的衣物清洁问题，目前不能洗衣服，然后后文说美国国家航空航天局想要改变这一点，开始和宝洁公司合作，一起开发在太空中清洗衣物最好的方法，可推知本文是在做科学普及，所以能在网站的科学部分出现这个文本。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Being self-motivated means being ready for driven, focused discussion and behavior. It also means being sharp and smart enough to be open to positive learning. ____16____. Luckily, you have every tool at your disposal to get started right now. Here we go!
____17____. It’s simple to know what we don’t want. Often it’s harder to pinpoint what exactly would make us happy and what exactly we’re striving for. However, to get anything done, we have to start thinking with positive goals, not negative fears. Instead of “I don’t want to be poor,” a better goal is “I’d like to save X amount of money each month.” See how the latter is much, much more doable? And less scary!
Track your progress. Whether you’re losing weight, working overtime, or studying for college, track what you’re doing! This will give you drive and show you the positive outcomes of your behavior. ____18____. Make sure to track your behaviors and their results. Not only do you need the results to look at and go, “Gee! I am awesome! Look at what I did!” you’ll need the results to see what does and does not work for you.
Keep good company. ____19____. We have that friend that desperately wants us to eat another piece of cheesecake. That person is not good company. To get going on our path to success, everyone needs cheerleaders along the way! Tell your friends and family what you’re trying to stay motivated with.
Use rewards. This is a point to be considered carefully. The last thing you want to do is to associate everything with a Snickers bar. However, rewards can be powerful when used sparingly and efficiently. ____20____.
A. Get positive
B. Focus on positive goals
C. It will give you purpose
D. Being in this state of mind is the challenge
E. Unfortunately, people can also be demotivating
F. If you’ve made progress, you have nothing to be ashamed of
G. When you’ve completed something, be sure to do something you deserve
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. E 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些自我激励的方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Being self-motivated means being ready for driven, focused discussion and behavior. It also means being sharp and smart enough to be open to positive learning.(自我激励意味着准备好进行有动力的、集中的讨论和行动。这也意味着要足够敏锐和聪明，能够积极地学习)”以及后文“Luckily, you have every tool at your disposal to get started right now. Here we go!(幸运的是，你现在有各种工具可以使用。我们开始吧)”可知，后文提到了幸运的是，有各种工具可以使用，可知本句继续说明自我激励的困难。故D选项“处于这种精神状态才是挑战”符合语境，故选D。
【17题详解】
根据后文“It’s simple to know what we don’t want. Often it’s harder to pinpoint what exactly would make us happy and what exactly we’re striving for. However, to get anything done, we have to start thinking with positive goals, not negative fears. Instead of “I don’t want to be poor,” a better goal is “I’d like to save X amount of money each month.” See how the latter is much, much more doable? And less scary!(知道我们不想要什么很简单。通常很难确定到底什么会让我们快乐，我们到底在为什么而奋斗。然而，为了完成任何事情，我们必须开始以积极的目标来思考，而不是消极的恐惧。而不是“我不想变穷”，一个更好的目标是“我想每个月存X笔钱”。看到后一种方法更可行了吗？而且不那么可怕！)”可知，本段的主旨是说明专注于积极的目标。故B选项“专注于积极的目标”符合语境，故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Track your progress. Whether you’re losing weight, working overtime, or studying for college, track what you’re doing! This will give you drive and show you the positive outcomes of your behavior.(记录你的进步。不管你是在减肥，加班，还是在上大学，记录下你在做什么！这会给你动力，让你看到你行为的积极结果)”以及后文“Make sure to track your behaviors and their results. Not only do you need the results to look at and go, “Gee! I am awesome! Look at what I did!” you’ll need the results to see what does and does not work for you.(一定要跟踪你的行为和结果。你不仅需要看到结果，然后说：“哇！我很棒！看看我做了什么！”你需要结果来看看什么对你有用，什么对你没用)”可知，本段的主旨是记录进步，看到你行为的积极结果，故F选项“如果你取得了进步，你就没有什么好羞愧的”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Keep good company.(交个好朋友)”以及后文“We have that friend that desperately wants us to eat another piece of cheesecake. That person is not good company. To get going on our path to success, everyone needs cheerleaders along the way! Tell your friends and family what you’re trying to stay motivated with.(我们有一个朋友拼命地想让我们再吃一块芝士蛋糕。那个人不是好伙伴。在通往成功的道路上，每个人都需要一路的拉拉队！告诉你的朋友和家人你在努力保持动力)”可知，后文提到了朋友拖后腿，阻止完成目标的情况。故E选项“不幸的是，人们也会让人失去动力”符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Use rewards. This is a point to be considered carefully. The last thing you want to do is to associate everything with a Snickers bar. However, rewards can be powerful when used sparingly and efficiently.(使用奖励。这一点需要仔细考虑。你最不想做的就是把所有东西都和士力架联系起来。然而，如果适当而有效地使用奖励，它将具有强大的威力)”可知，上文提到了奖励具有强大的威力，本句为本段最后一句，应说明其威力是什么：它会给你目标。故C选项“它会给你目标”符合语境，故选C。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest. In the years since it has been a very ____21____ journey for those trying to bring life back to the ____22____ earth. But with a little canine(犬科的) help, Francisca and Constanza Torres have been struggling to help rebuild in face of the ____23____. And their three Border Collies(边境牧羊犬) could not be any cuter as they do their doggie ____24____ as well.
Two sisters have been using the help of their dogs, Das, Olivia, and Summer, to get seeds ____25____. They ____26____ their pups with special backpacks that release the seeds of ____27____ plants along the ground as the dogs ____28____ the burned forest. Francisca shared that not only is it benefiting the ____29____, but the dogs are more than happy for the playtime. _____30_____, they are seeing many _____31_____ flora and fauna(动植物群) making a _____32_____ to the areas that had been burned.
Besides using the dogs to help _____33_____ the forests, Torres also keeps busy _____34_____ assistance dogs in an environmental community that is dog-focused. The Border Collies are actually better for the work than others because they not only have the endurance and _____35_____ to run for miles across forest terrain, but they are focused dogs who don’t get _____36_____ by wildlife. The three dogs are about to cross 18 miles per day—much more compared to the only few miles that humans can _____37_____ a day. _____38_____, dogs are a lot cheaper than drones or robots, and they have a much _____39_____ carbon footprint. Overall it sounds like a(an) _____40_____ for everyone involved!
21. A. dangerous B. normal C. joyful D. hard
22. A. dirty B. lifeless C. terrible D. rich
23. A. waste B. pain C. destruction D. loss
24. A. thing B. part C. nature D. stuff
25. A. harvested B. planted C. watered D. grown
26. A. fitted B. supplied C. connected D. covered
27. A. multiple B. strong C. rare D. native
28. A. roll over B. run about C. walk past D. go through
29. A. environment B. development C. wildlife D. extinction
30. A. Temporarily B. Obviously C. Consequently D. Initially
31. A. significant B. new C. real D. weak
32. A. face B. living C. return D. difference
33. A. remove B. replace C. renew D. regrow
34. A. training B. improving C. saving D. treating
35. A. passion B. sense C. direction D. speed
36. A. scared B. driven C. distracted D. attracted
37. A. cover B. pave C. wander D. measure
38. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover
39. A. brighter B. greater C. lighter D. less
40. A. advantage B. win C. prize D. chance
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在2017年智利发生破坏性严重的野火之后，弗朗西斯卡和康斯坦萨·托雷斯在三只边境牧羊犬的帮助下重建被毁的森林的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那以后的几年里，对于那些试图将生命带回死气沉沉的地球的人来说，这是一段非常艰难的旅程。A. dangerous危险的；B. normal正常的；C. joyful快乐的；D. hard困难的。根据上文中的“Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest.”可知，智利发生了毁灭性的野火，结合下文“for those trying to bring life back to the ____2____ earth.”可知，要想恢复是一件非常困难的事情。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那以后的几年里，对于那些试图将生命带回死气沉沉的地球的人来说，这是一段非常艰难的旅程。A. dirty脏的；B. lifeless没有生命的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. rich富的。根据上文中的“Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest.”可知，这种破坏性的野火使得被毁的区域毫无生机。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是在一个小狗的帮助下，弗朗西斯卡和康斯坦萨·托雷斯一直在努力帮助重建，以应对破坏。A. waste浪费；B. pain疼痛；C. destruction破坏；D. loss损失。根据上文中的“Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest.”可知，这次野火烧毁了140万英亩的森林，所以是面对破坏，要重建被毁的森林。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的三只边境牧羊犬非常地可爱，因为它们也有狗狗的天性。A. thing东西；B. part部分，作用；C. nature自然；D. stuff物品。根据上文中的“And their three Border Collies(边境牧羊犬) could not be any cuter…”可知，他们的牧羊犬非常可爱，是这些狗狗的天性。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两姐妹一直在他们的狗达斯、奥利维亚和萨默的帮助下播下种子。A. harvested收获；B. planted种植；C. watered浇水；D. grown生长。根据常识可知，种子是被“播种”的，所以planted符合语境。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们给幼崽装上了特殊的背包，当狗在被烧毁的森林里跑来跑去时，这些背包会释放地面上多种植物的种子。A. fitted安装；B. supplied供应；C. connected连接；D. covered覆盖。根据下文中的“with special backpacks that release the seeds of…”可知，他们给狗狗安装了特殊的背包用来释放种子，be fitted with意为“安装”符合语境。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们给幼崽装上了特殊的背包，当狗在被烧毁的森林里跑来跑去时，这些背包会释放地面上多种植物的种子。A. multiple多样的；B. strong强大的；C. rare稀有的；D. native本族的。根据下文中的“____10____, they are seeing many ____11____ flora and fauna(动植物群) making a ____12____ to the areas that had been burned.”可知，他们看到很多的动植物群对被毁的地区产生很大的影响，所以此处播撒的种子是多样的。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们给幼崽装上了特殊的背包，当狗在被烧毁的森林里跑来跑去时，这些背包会释放地面上多种植物的种子。A. roll over翻滚；B. run about到处乱跑；C. walk past走过；D. go through经历。根据下文中的“…because they not only have the endurance and ____15____ to run for miles across forest terrain…”可知，此处指的是这些狗狗在被烧毁的森林里四处跑动。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：弗朗西斯卡分享说，这不仅有益于野生动物，而且狗对游戏时间也非常高兴。A. environment环境；B. development开发，发展；C. wildlife野生动植物；D. extinction灭绝。根据下文中的“…they are seeing many ____11____ flora and fauna(动植物群) making a ____12____ to the areas that had been burned.”可知，狗的四处跑动，四处播撒种子，所以下文才会有很多动植物群的出现。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们看到许多新的动植物群对被烧毁的地区产生了影响。A. Temporarily临时的；B. Obviously明显的；C. Consequently因此；D. Initially起初。根据空前句子和空后句子之间的逻辑关系可知，此处表示因果关系，正是由于前者的四处跑动，播散种子，才出现下文中看到很多的动植物群。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们看到许多新的动植物群对被烧毁的地区产生了影响。A. significant意义重大的；B. new新的；C. real真实的；D. weak虚弱的。结合语境可知，2017年智利的大火烧毁了140万亩的森林，经过重建后，出现的应该是新的动植物群。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们看到许多新的动植物群对被烧毁的地区产生了影响。A. face面部；B. living生计；C. return回归；D. difference区别。根据空前的“____10____, they are seeing many ____11____ flora and fauna(动植物群)”可知，由于狗狗的四处跑动，四处播撒种子，导致了新动植物群的出现，而这些新动植物群对被毁的森林有着很大的影响，make a difference to意为“对……有影响”符合语境。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了使用狗来帮助更新森林外，托雷斯还忙于在一个以狗的专注力为中心的环境社区训练协助犬。A. remove清除；B. replace取代；C. renew更新；D. regrow再成长。根据上文中的“____10____, they are seeing many ____11____ flora and fauna(动植物群) making a ____12____ to the areas that had been burned.”可知，在狗狗的帮助之下，被毁的森林又出现了生机，所以此处表示的是“更新”这片森林。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了使用狗来帮助更新森林外，托雷斯还忙于在一个以狗的专注力为中心的环境社区训练协助犬。A. training训练；B. improving改善；C. saving节省；D. treating对待，治疗。根据下文中的“in an environmental community that is dog-focused.”可知，此处表示的是托雷斯在忙着训练以狗的专注力为中心的辅助犬。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：边境牧羊犬实际上比其他牧羊犬更适合这项工作，因为它们不仅具有在森林地形上奔跑数英里的耐力和速度，而且它们是专心的狗，不会被野生动物分心。A. passion激情；B. sense感觉；C. direction方向；D. speed速度。根据下文中的“The three dogs are about to cross 18 miles per day—much more compared to the only few miles that humans can ____17____ a day.”可知，这些狗狗每天穿越18英里，比人要快得多，所以此处指的是狗的“速度”。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：边境牧羊犬实际上比其他牧羊犬更适合这项工作，因为它们不仅具有在森林地形上奔跑数英里的耐力和速度，而且它们是专心的狗，不会被野生动物分心。A. scared使害怕；B. driven驱使；C. distracted分散；D. attracted吸引。根据上文中的“Torres also keeps busy ____14____ assistance dogs in an environmental community that is dog-focused.”可知，这些狗狗都是经过专门训练的，很专注的，所以，不会被其它的野生动物分神。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三只狗每天要走18英里——与人类每天只能走的几英里相比，要多得多。A. cover覆盖，走了多少路；B. pave铺路；C. wander漫游；D. measure测量。根据上文中的“The three dogs are about to cross 18 miles per day—much more compared to the only few miles…”可知，此处是把狗每天所走的路程与人的几英里进行比较，cover意为“走多少路”符合语境。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，狗比无人机或机器人便宜得多，而且它们的碳足迹要少得多。A. Otherwise否则；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead然而；D. Moreover而且。根据空前与空后的内容可指，前后两句都是介绍的这些狗对于重建被毁森林地区的优势，所以此处表示“递进”关系，moreover意为“而且”符合语境。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，狗比无人机或机器人便宜得多，而且它们的碳足迹要少得多。A. brighter较明亮的；B. greater较伟大的；C. lighter较轻的；D. less较少的。根据上文中的“dogs are a lot cheaper than drones or robots, and…”可知，此处表示的意义与上文并列，上文说的是使用狗狗比使用无人机或机器人要便宜，所以此处为使用狗狗碳足迹也会“较少”。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，这听起来像是每个参与者的胜利！A. advantage优点；B. win赢；C. prize奖赏；D. chance机会。根据上文中的“Francisca shared that not only is it benefiting the ____9____, but the dogs are more than happy for the playtime.”以及“____18____, dogs are a lot cheaper than drones or robots, and they have a much ____19____ carbon footprint.”可知，在对被烧毁的森林重建的过程中，使用狗狗帮助重建有很多的优势，狗狗既可以很开心地四处活动，又帮助播撒了种子，以至于出现了很多的新的动植物群，同时又便宜又环保，由此可知，所有参与者都是获胜方。故选B项。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When a dog licks your face, jumps into your lap, or barks when you come through the front door, it ____41____ (simple) means they’re crazy about you. But did you know that your dog’s heartbeat actually increases when you tell them, “I love you.”?
According to a recent study, that may well be the case. After ____42____ (equip) four test dogs with heart rate monitors, the dogs ____43____ (guide) through a series of situations over the course of seven days to see ____44____ they would react to a variety of stimuli(刺激).
The tracking data revealed the four dogs averaged a resting heart rate of 67 beats per minute. When owners said “I love you.” to ____45____ (they) pets, the dogs’ heart rates shot to 98 beats per minute—____46____ 46.2% increase.
While your dog becomes ____47____ (cheer) just for setting eyes on you, some ____48____ (activity) actually had a calming effect. Quality couch time hug resulted in a 22.7% decrease in dog heart rates.
If you’re searching ____49____ unconditional love, consider adopting a dog from your local shelter and don’t forget ____50____ (tell) them daily that you love them.
【答案】41. simply
42. equipping
43. were guided
44. how 45. their 46. a
47. cheerful
48. activities
49. for 50. to tell
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项实验表明，当人们对狗狗说“我爱你”的时候，它们的心跳实际上会加快。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：当一只狗舔你的脸，跳到你的大腿上，或者当你从前门进来的时候叫，这只是意味着它们为你疯狂。此处应用副词修饰动词means，形容词simple(简单的)的副词为simply(仅仅)，故填simply。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意： 在给四只试验犬安装了心率监测器后，这些狗在七天的时间里被引导经历了一系列的情况，以观察它们对各种刺激的反应。介词after后面应用动名词equipping作宾语，故填equipping。
【43题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在给四只试验犬安装了心率监测器后，这些狗在七天的时间里被引导经历了一系列的情况，以观察它们对各种刺激的反应。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，且主语the dogs和动词guide是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动，主语是复数，be动词应用were，故填were guided。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在给四只试验犬安装了心率监测器后，这些狗在七天的时间里被引导经历了一系列的情况，以观察它们对各种刺激的反应。空处引导宾语从句，且从句缺少方式状语，应用how表示“如何”，故填how。
【45题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当主人对它们的宠物说“我爱你”的时候，狗的心率可以达到每分钟98次，增加46.2% 。此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词pets，故填their。
【46题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当主人对它们的宠物说“我爱你”的时候，狗的心率可以达到每分钟98次，增加46.2% 。此处increase是可数名词，且表示“增加46.2%”，为泛指，应用不定冠词来修饰，46.2%发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管你的狗狗仅仅因为看了你一眼而变得快乐，但是一些活动实际上起到了镇静的作用。此处应用形容词作表语，表示“快乐的”，应用形容词cheerful。故填cheerful。
【48题详解】
考查可数名词复数。句意：尽管你的狗狗仅仅因为看了你一眼而变得快乐，但是一些活动实际上起到了镇静的作用。由some可知，此处应用名词复数形式作主语，故填activities。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意： 如果你正在寻找无条件的爱，可以考虑从当地的收容所领养一只狗，别忘了每天告诉它们你爱它们。search for固定搭配，意为“寻找”，故填for。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你正在寻找无条件的爱，可以考虑从当地的收容所领养一只狗，别忘了每天告诉它们你爱它们。forget to do固定搭配，意为“忘记去做某事”，强调事情还没做，forget doing“忘记做了某事”，强调事情做了，此处表示“不要忘记去做”，应用don’t forget to do，故填to tell。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was in Grade Eight, I was the member of the school choir. Confident of my sweet voices, I was delighted to sign up a singing competition. The audience gave a long and loudly applause when I finished my last high note. I hope to win first prize. However, the result was that I came second. Shocking and sad, I couldn’t help but to weep in a small voice. Just then, my friend Alice passed I a handkerchief and told me not to cry for what I lost and appreciate what I have. A warm smile and words of comfort relieved me of my grief, and I was not longer in low spirits.
【答案】1. the→a
2. voices→voice
3. up后加for
4. loudly→loud
5. hope→hoped
6. Shocking→Shocked
7. 删掉to
8. I→me
9. and→but
10. not→no
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。讲述了作者参加歌唱比赛，只得到了第二名，感到十分伤心，朋友Alice安慰他说，人应该不要为失去的哭泣，而要珍惜所拥有的，这让作者深有感悟。
【详解】1. 考查冠词。句意：当我在八年级的时候，我是学校唱诗班的一员。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配辨析：a member of意为“……中的一员”，而the member of意为“…….的成员”，根据句意可知，a member of符合。故将the改为a。
2. 考查名词。句意：由于对自己甜美的嗓音充满信心，我很高兴地报名参加了歌唱比赛。分析句子结构可知，voice表示声音时不可数，表示嗓音时可数，根据句意，此处是指作者自己的嗓音，应用单数形式。故将voices改为voice。
3. 考查介词。句意：由于对自己甜美的嗓音充满信心，我很高兴地报名参加了歌唱比赛。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定短语：sign up for意为“报名参加”。故在up后加for。
4. 考查形容词。句意：当我唱完最后一个高音时，观众们报以长时间的热烈掌声。分析句子结构可知，applause为名词，前应该用形容词修饰，而loudly是副词。故将loudly改为loud。
5. 考查动词时态。句意：我希望能赢得一等奖。根据前文可知，本文描述的是过去发生的事，整体时态是用一般过去时，所以本句也应用一般过去时。故将hope改为hoped。
6. 考查形容词。句意：我既震惊又悲伤，忍不住低声哭泣。分析句子结构可知，shocking修饰的是“I”，修饰的是人时，应该用v-ed形式修饰，表示“震惊的”。故将Shocking改为Shocked。
7. 考查固定搭配。句意：我既震惊又悲伤，忍不住低声哭泣。can’t/couldn’t help but do sth.固定搭配，意为“忍不住做某事”。故将to去掉。
8. 考查代词。句意：就在这时，我的朋友爱丽丝递给我一块手帕，告诉我不要为失去的哭泣，要珍惜我所拥有的。分析句子结构可知，I位于谓语动词passed后，作间接宾语，应该用宾格形式。故将I改为me。
9. 考查连词。句意：就在这时，我的朋友爱丽丝递给我一块手帕，告诉我不要为失去的哭泣，要珍惜我所拥有的。no...but...固定搭配，意为“不是……而是”。故将and改为but。
10. 考查固定搭配。句意：一个温暖的微笑和安慰的话语使我从悲伤中解脱出来，我的情绪不再低落。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：no longer意为“不再”，通常放在be动词，助动词，或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。故将not改为no。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是学生会主席李华，本月你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛，请你写一则通知，号召同学们积极参加。要点如下：
1演讲话题：奥林匹克精神；
2.比赛目的、具体时间和地点；
3.报名截止时间：9月10日。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Notice
Ladies and gentlemen, Here is an announcement. To raise students’ affection to Olympic Games, our school will hold an English speech competition this month.
The topic is about Olympic spirits and you can share something that you learned from it. We will hold the contest in our school hall at 8:00 this Saturday. Students who are interested in it can sign up. Remember, you need sign up before Sept.10th. Make sure you’ll come on time and don’t be late.
Everybody is welcome to attend it. Thank you.
Students Union
Sept.4th
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是学生会主席李华，需要写一则通知，号召同学们参加本月学校举办的英语演讲比赛。并包括演讲话题，比赛目的时间及地点，还有报名截止时间的要点。
【详解】1.词汇积累建议:
通知：announcement→notice
比赛：competition→contest
参加：attend →join in
举办：hold→conduct
2.句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：To raise students’ affection to Olympic Games our school will hold an English speech competition this month.
拓展句：In order to raise students’ affection to Olympic Games, our school will hold an English speech competition this month.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The topic is about Olympic spirits and you can share something that you learned from it.(运用了that引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】 Students who are interested in it can sign up. (运用了who引导的定语从句)
2023届高三考试试题
英语试题
注意事项：
1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟。
2.答卷前,考生务必将自己的班级、姓名、准考证号、座号用0.5mm黑色签字笔和2B铅笔分别涂写在答题卡上。
3.选择题每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题直接答在答题卡相应区域，不能答在试卷上;试卷不交，请妥善保存，只交答题卡。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a copy shop.
2. What does the man have to do?
A. Queue up for the form. B. Call the woman. C. Wait for the doctor.
3. What is the man doing?
A. Raising money. B. Doing charity. C. Reading the materials.
4. How much is the dress now?
A. $15. B. $35. C. $50.
5. What happened to Amy’s friend?
A. She got injured in a car crash.
B. She was hurt while skating.
C. She caught a bad cold.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When will the man’s train leave?
A. At 10: 30. B. At 10: 40. C. At 11: 00.
7. Where does the man prefer to sit in the carriage?
A. Beside a window. B. Far from a window. C. In the front of it.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is Chuck going to do?
A. Sell his car. B. Move overseas. C. Get a newer car.
9. What do we know about Laurance’s car?
A. It’s a four-door vehicle. B. It’s electrically-powered. C. It has an automatic air-conditioner.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Receptionist and customer. B. Landlady and renter. C. Husband and wife.
11. Which room does the man decide to have?
A. The one on the first floor.
B. The one on the thirteenth floor.
C. The one on the fifteenth floor.
12. How much does the man have to pay in total?
A. $100. B. $120. C. $600.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. When does the man’s back hurt the most?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.
14. What does the doctor suggest the man do?
A. Stand more instead of sitting.
B. Take a long vacation.
C. Exercise less often.
15. When will the man see the doctor again?
A. In eight weeks. B. In six weeks. C. In four weeks.
16. What will the man do next?
A. Talk to the receptionist. B. See another doctor. C. Check the woman’s schedule.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the possibility of being left-handed?
A. 25%. B. 15%. C. 10%.
18. Which of the following statements will the experts agree to?
A. Male left-handers outnumber female left-handers.
B. Left-handers are cleverer than right-handers.
C. Left-handers are socially determined.
19. When did the International Left-handers Day first celebrated?
A. In 1976. B. In 1990. C. In 1997.
20. How do scientists probably think people actually become left-handers?
A. Through practising continually.
B. It is genetically handed down.
C. It is requested by their parents.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
General Camping & RV Info
Your 3-Day GA Pass includes camping for Friday, Saturday and Sunday night. If you’d like to camp at the park on Thursday night, you need to purchase a Thursday Pre-Party pass in addition to your 3-day pass. Thursday night campers definitely score the best camping spots, and there will be tons of great music and fun if you want to start partying early!
A general parking pass will need to be purchased per car upon entrance to the park (VIPs get a special parking area). NO VEHICLES ARE ALLOWED ON THE CAMPGROUNDS, unless you get an RV spot. As long as you pay to park your car in the parking lot and have a parking pass, you can come and go as you please. If you lose your parking pass or wristband, you will have to pay again. If you buy an RV spot, you must keep your RV in the park until the event is over. You will NOT be allowed to come and go with your RV. If you have an RV spot and you want to leave, you may leave but not return without paying again.
Camping Rules & Regulations
For the safety of everyone attending Summer Camp Music Festival, we ask that everyone follow this short list of rules and regulations.
●No outside alcoholic beverages will be allowed on the grounds; there will be alcoholic drinks available in the vending areas and the Summer Camp General Store.
●No campfires will be allowed though there will be a fire pit. The fire pit will be controlled and we ask that everyone stay at least 5 feet from the fire pit at all times.
●No laser pointers, drones, weapons, contraband or other banned items allowed in festival site.
●Please place all waste in the nearest waste station, no littering.
●Please do not set up your tent in the roadways.
1. Which pass guarantees you a camping from Thursday to Sunday?
A. A general parking pass. B. 3-Day GA Pass only.
C. Pre-Party Pass only. D. 3-Day GA Pass and Pre-Party Pass.
2. What can a camper with an RV spot do?
A. Get a special parking area for his RV. B. Get a general parking pass free of charge.
C. Be allowed to drive to the campgrounds. D. Be free to get in and out of the park in his RV.
3. Which is allowed for the people attending the festival?
A. Lighting a campfire in a fire pit. B. Enjoying alcoholic drinks in the park.
C. Setting up a tent anywhere as one pleases. D. Taking a laser pointer to liven things up.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加夏令营音乐节的一些事宜，包括通行证，停车位，以及每个人应该遵循的规则和条例。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Your 3-Day GA Pass includes camping for Friday, Saturday and Sunday night. If you’d like to camp at the park on Thursday night, you need to purchase a Thursday Pre-Party pass in addition to your 3-day pass.( 你的3天GA通行证包括周五、周六和周日晚上的露营。如果你想在星期四晚上在公园露营，除了三天的通行证外，你还需要购买一张星期四聚会前的通行证)”可知，3天GA通行证和聚会前通行证能使你从周四到周日露营。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“NO VEHICLES ARE ALLOWED ON THE CAMPGROUNDS, unless you get an RV spot.(营地不允许车辆进入，除非你有房车停车位)”可知，有野营车停车位露营者可以驾车到露营地。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Camping Rules & Regulations下的“No campfires will be allowed, though there will be a fire pit. The fire pit will be controlled and we ask that everyone stay at least 5 feet from the fire pit at all times.(不允许生篝火，但是这里有一个火坑。火坑将被控制，我们要求每个人在任何时候都离火坑至少5英尺)”可知，参加节日的人可以在火坑里点燃篝火。故选A。
B
Before arriving in China in 2017, I had read various books relating to China, and the seeds of my fascination were sown.
Therefore, when I arrived, I couldn’t have been more excited to be living in this huge historically and culturally rich country. The food, the landmarks, the mega cities and everyday life — I couldn’t wait to explore.
Yet despite my enthusiasm, learning Chinese hadn’t even entered my mind. This wasn’t ignorance or laziness, but rather fear at the prospect of attempting to learn what is regarded as the most difficult language in the world. Besides this, I was living in Shanghai, an international city, with many people speaking English as a second language — I decided English would suffice.
However, after a year in China I began to observe that while many expats did not speak Chinese, there were plenty who did. Perhaps it was achievable after all? In addition I felt uncomfortable with how many Chinese people could speak English and yet I couldn’t even speak the most basic Chinese. With these factors in mind and a thirst for a new challenge I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier.
Learning to speak Chinese isn’t as insurmountable as I once assumed. When I speak to native Chinese speakers in Chinese, they almost always understand me, I have also not found it too difficult to remember characters and I am now even able to write over 400 characters. The thing I find most challenging is listening since native speakers talk at such a speed. I can’t always understand what’s been said.
My biggest takeaway from learning Chinese is that it’s not only doable but can also be enjoyable. Learning Chinese not only helped me in day-to-day life, but deepened my cultural understanding of such a diverse and fascinating country. So, to all my non-Chinese friends I say this, embrace the challenge and take the leap of faith.
4. Why didn’t the author learn Chinese when he arrived in China in 2017?
A. He showed no enthusiasm for China. B. He was unwilling to make the effort.
C. He resisted learning a second language. D. He avoided doing something difficult.
5. What caused the author to learn Chinese?
A. His regret about starting learning late. B. Support from many expats around him.
C. Eagerness to rise to the challenge. D. A thirst to prove his gift for language.
6. What does the underlined word “insurmountable” in the 5th paragraph mean?
A. Valueless. B. Difficult. C. Unnecessary. D. Unacceptable.
7. What can we learn from the author’s experience?
A. Love breaks down barriers. B. Hard work pays off.
C. Persistence is the key to success. D. Bravery opens up a new world.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学习中文的经历，从一开始的恐惧到后来乐于接受挑战，学习中文给作者带来了新的体验。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yet despite my enthusiasm, learning Chinese hadn’t even entered my mind. This wasn’t ignorance or laziness, but rather fear at the prospect of attempting to learn what is regarded as the most difficult language in the world. Besides this, I was living in Shanghai, an international city, with many people speaking English as a second language—I decided English would suffice. (然而，尽管我满怀热情，学习中文却从未进入我的脑海。这并不是无知或懒惰，而是对学习被认为是世界上最难的语言的恐惧。除此之外，我住在上海，一个国际化的城市，很多人把英语作为第二语言——我认为英语就足够了)”可知，作者2017年到中国时没有学习中文是因为他避免做一些困难的事情。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“With these factors in mind and a thirst for a new challenge I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier.(考虑到这些因素和对新挑战的渴望，我决定开始我的语言之旅，我唯一的遗憾是我没有早点开始)”可知，乐于接受挑战促使作者学习中文。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“When I speak to native Chinese speakers in Chinese, they almost always understand me, I have also not found it too difficult to remember characters and I am now even able to write over 400 characters.(当我用中文和以中国为母语的人交谈时，他们几乎都能听懂我的话，我也没有发现记汉字太难，我现在甚至能写400多个汉字)”可知，作者如今认为记汉字不困难了，说明学习讲中文并不像自己曾经想象的那样困难。故划线词意思是“困难的”。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Learning Chinese not only helped me in day-to-day life, but deepened my cultural understanding of such a diverse and fascinating country. So, to all my non-Chinese friends I say this, embrace the challenge and take the leap of faith.(学习中文不仅对我的日常生活有帮助，而且加深了我对这个多元而迷人的国家的文化理解。所以，我想对我所有的外国朋友说，拥抱挑战，实现信念的飞跃)”可知，我们能从作者的经历中学到：勇敢开启新世界。故选D。
C
Most of us learn how to ride a bike during childhood. But as we grow older, many of us stop riding and put those once-beloved bikes in storage. Years later, when we discover these relics and hop on, it’s as if we never stopped biking.
This is surprising because our memories let us down in so many other instances. So how is it that we can ride a bicycle when we haven’t done so in years?
As it turns out, different types of memories are stored in distinct regions of our brains. Long-term memory is divided into two types: declarative and procedural.
There are two types of declarative memory. Memories of experiences such as the day we started school are called episodic memory(情景记忆). This type of recall is our interpretation of an episode or event that occurred. Factual knowledge, on the other hand, such as the capital of France, is part of semantic memory(语义记忆). These two types of declarative memory content have one thing in common—you are aware of the knowledge and can communicate the memories to others.
Skills such as playing an instrument or riding a bicycle are, however, based on a separate system, called procedural memory, which is responsible for performance.
One of the most famous studies showing the separate memory systems was that of an epileptic(癫痫病患者) named Henry Molaison (H. M.). In the 1950s he underwent the removal of portions of his brain. After the operation doctors found that many of H. M.’s memories of the time before the operation were also erased.
In one test, researchers asked H. M. to trace a five-pointed star on a sheet of paper while only looking at it and his hand in a mirror—meaning the image was reversed. Although H. M.’s hand-eye coordination(协调) skills improved over the several days he performed this task, he never remembered performing it. This meant that he could develop new procedural, but not declarative, memories.
So simple sequences of movements we internalize, even far in the past, are typically preserved for a lifetime. It’s “just like riding a bicycle.”
8. Why riding a bicycle is mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. To introduce the topic. B. To provide an example.
C. To support an argument. D. To make comparisons.
9. What do memories of experiences belong to?
A. Short-term memory. B. Declarative memory.
C. Semantic memory. D. Procedural memory.
10. What can we learn from Henry Molaison’s case?
A. Brain injury tends to erase people’s all past memories.
B. H. M. couldn’t develop new memories after the operation.
C. Declarative knowledge is stable and will last long.
D. Procedural memory contents aren’t easily forgotten.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Why don’t we forget how to ride a bike?
B. Learn to ride a bike for once and for all
C Is there a memory that never lets us down?
D. Where are memories stored in our brains?
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过多年不骑自行车但仍记得如何骑自行车这一现象来说明记忆的不同类型及其特点。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“Most of us learn how to ride a bike during childhood. But as we grow older, many of us stop riding and put those once-beloved bikes in storage. Years later, when we discover these relics and hop on, it’s as if we never stopped biking.(我们大多数人在童年时期就学会了如何骑自行车。但随着年龄的增长，我们中的许多人停止骑行，并将那些曾经心爱的自行车存放起来。多年后，当我们发现这些遗物并跳上去时，就好像我们从未停止过骑自行车一样。)”可知，我们尽管多年不骑自行车，但是再重新去骑自行车时仍然会骑，结合下文中的“This is surprising because our memories let us down in so many other instances. So how is it that we can ride a bicycle when we haven’t done so in years?(这是令人惊讶的，因为我们的记忆在许多其他情况下让我们失望。那么，当我们多年没有骑自行车时，我们怎么能骑自行车呢？)”可知，我们多年不骑车，怎么我们还会骑呢？所以首段的作用是引出本文的话题。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“There are two types of declarative memory. Memories of experiences such as the day we started school are called episodic memory(情景记忆). This type of recall is our interpretation of an episode or event that occurred.(有两种类型的陈述性记忆。诸如我们开始上学的那一天之类的经历的记忆称为情景记忆。这种类型的回忆是我们对发生的情节或事件的解释。)”可知，陈述性记忆有两种，其中一种就是与经历有关。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Although H. M.’s hand-eye coordination(协调) skills improved over the several days he performed this task, he never remembered performing it. This meant that he could develop new procedural, but not declarative, memories.(尽管H.M.的手眼协调技能在他执行这项任务的几天中有所提高，但他从未记得执行过这项任务。这意味着他可以发展新的程序性记忆，但不是陈述性的记忆。)”可知，他能够培养程序性记忆，但是不能培养陈述性记忆，由此可知，程序性记忆的更不容易忘记。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“This is surprising because our memories let us down in so many other instances. So how is it that we can ride a bicycle when we haven’t done so in years?(这是令人惊讶的，因为我们的记忆在许多其他情况下让我们失望。那么，当我们多年没有骑自行车时，我们怎么能骑自行车呢？)”可知，本文通过骑自行车的现象提出问题：为什么我们不会忘记骑自行车？再结合下文对这一问题的做出的回答，以及尾段“So simple sequences of movements we internalize, even far in the past, are typically preserved for a lifetime. It’s “just like riding a bicycle.”(因此，我们内化的简单运动序列，即使在遥远的过去，通常也会被保存一生。这“就像骑自行车一样”。)”做出结论性的回答，由以上内容可以判断出，本文主要讲述的是为什么我们不会忘记骑自行车。故选A项。
D
Have you ever wondered how astronauts clean their clothes in space? You may find the answer surprising—they do not.
They wear their clothes until they cannot take the dirt and smell anymore. Then, they throw them away.
NASA wants to change that—if not at the International Space Station (ISS), then the moon and Mars. This would mean the end to throwing away lots of dirty clothes every year. Up to now, they simply had to put them with other waste in old supply ships to burn up in the atmosphere. NASA is working with the U. S. company, Procter & Gamble (P&G), to learn how best to clean astronauts’ clothes in space. They could use the clothes for months or even years, just like on Earth.
NASA says rocket storage space is small and costly. So, why waste it on new clothes if they could keep their old clothes looking and smelling fresh? An astronaut needs 68 kilograms of clothes in space per year. The clothes would use a lot of storage space, especially on a three-year Mars mission.
There are also the problems of health and comfort.
Space station astronauts exercise two hours every day to fight the effects of weightlessness on their bodies. Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut, says their exercise clothing becomes so unpleasant that they use a new set every week, and that while NASA and the other space station partners have researched ways to lengthen wear time with special clothes, that is not a long-term solution.
In its first experiment, P&G will send up detergent(洗涤剂) made just for space in December. Scientists will then see how the compounds in the detergent react to six months of weightlessness. Next May, they will send stain-removal pens and cloths to the ISS for testing by astronauts. At the same time, P&G is developing a washer-dryer machine that could operate on the moon or even Mars. It would use small amounts of water and detergent. Such a machine could also be useful in dry places here on Earth.
12. What problem in space do NASA and P&G aim to solve?
A. Lack of detergents. B. Lack of comforts.
C. Lack of space. D. Lack of fund.
13. What can be inferred from what Leland Melvin says?
A. Exercise in space is physically demanding.
B. Lengthening wear time of clothes in space is practical.
C. The cooperation between NASA and P&G is workable.
D. New clothes are of benefit compared to used clothes.
14. What will P&G do in the next year?
A. Send detergent into space.
B. Send stain-removal pens and cloths into space.
C. Develop a washer-dryer machine using little water.
D. Operate a machine on the moon or even Mars.
15. In which section of a website may this text appear?
A. Science. B. Education. C. Culture. D. Politics.
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局与宝洁公司合作，研究如何在太空中最好地清洁宇航员的衣服。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“NASA is working with the U. S. company, Procter & Gamble (P&G), to learn how best to clean astronauts’ clothes in space. They could use the clothes for months or even years, just like on Earth.(美国宇航局正在与美国宝洁公司合作，了解在太空清洁宇航员衣物的最好方法。以便制作出可以像在地球上一样，能穿几个月甚至几年的衣服)”以及第四段中“NASA says rocket storage space is small and costly. So, why waste it on new clothes if they could keep their old clothes looking and smelling fresh? An astronaut needs 68 kilograms of clothes in space per year. The clothes would use a lot of storage space, especially on a three-year Mars mission.(美国国家航空航天局表示，火箭的存储空间小且昂贵。所以，如果他们可以让旧衣服看起来和闻起来都很新鲜，为什么要浪费在新衣服上呢？宇航员在太空中每年需要68公斤的衣服。这些衣服会占用大量的存储空间，尤其是在为期三年的火星任务中)”可推知，NASA和宝洁公司的目标是解决太空中的空间不足问题。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Leland Melvin, a former NASA astronaut, says their exercise clothing becomes so unpleasant that they use a new set every week, and that while NASA and the other space station partners have researched ways to lengthen wear time with special clothes, that is not a long-term solution.(前美国宇航局宇航员利兰·梅尔文（Leland Melvin）说，他们的运动服变得非常不舒服，以至于他们每周都要换一套新的。虽然美国宇航局和其他空间站合作伙伴已经研究了通过特殊服装来延长穿着时间的方法，但这不是一个长期的解决方案)”可推知，宇航员对衣服的需求量还是比较高的，单单是延长衣服在太空中的穿着时间，并不是一个长期的解决方案，所以NASA和宝洁的合作，能在太空中清洁宇航员的衣服是可行的。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Next May, they will send stain-removal pens and cloths to the ISS for testing by astronauts.(明年5月，他们将把污渍去除笔和布料送到国际空间站，供宇航员测试)”可知，宝洁公司明年会把去除污渍的笔和布送入太空。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered how astronauts clean their clothes in space? You may find the answer surprising—they do not.(你有没有想过宇航员是如何在太空中清洁衣物的？答案可能令你感到惊讶——他们不需要洗衣服)”可知，本文的主要讲述了宇航员的衣物清洁问题，目前不能洗衣服，然后后文说美国国家航空航天局想要改变这一点，开始和宝洁公司合作，一起开发在太空中清洗衣物最好的方法，可推知本文是在做科学普及，所以能在网站的科学部分出现这个文本。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Being self-motivated means being ready for driven, focused discussion and behavior. It also means being sharp and smart enough to be open to positive learning. ____16____. Luckily, you have every tool at your disposal to get started right now. Here we go!
____17____. It’s simple to know what we don’t want. Often it’s harder to pinpoint what exactly would make us happy and what exactly we’re striving for. However, to get anything done, we have to start thinking with positive goals, not negative fears. Instead of “I don’t want to be poor,” a better goal is “I’d like to save X amount of money each month.” See how the latter is much, much more doable? And less scary!
Track your progress. Whether you’re losing weight, working overtime, or studying for college, track what you’re doing! This will give you drive and show you the positive outcomes of your behavior. ____18____. Make sure to track your behaviors and their results. Not only do you need the results to look at and go, “Gee! I am awesome! Look at what I did!” you’ll need the results to see what does and does not work for you.
Keep good company. ____19____. We have that friend that desperately wants us to eat another piece of cheesecake. That person is not good company. To get going on our path to success, everyone needs cheerleaders along the way! Tell your friends and family what you’re trying to stay motivated with.
Use rewards. This is a point to be considered carefully. The last thing you want to do is to associate everything with a Snickers bar. However, rewards can be powerful when used sparingly and efficiently. ____20____.
A. Get positive
B. Focus on positive goals
C. It will give you purpose
D. Being in this state of mind is the challenge
E. Unfortunately, people can also be demotivating
F. If you’ve made progress, you have nothing to be ashamed of
G. When you’ve completed something, be sure to do something you deserve
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. E 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些自我激励的方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Being self-motivated means being ready for driven, focused discussion and behavior. It also means being sharp and smart enough to be open to positive learning.(自我激励意味着准备好进行有动力的、集中的讨论和行动。这也意味着要足够敏锐和聪明，能够积极地学习)”以及后文“Luckily, you have every tool at your disposal to get started right now. Here we go!(幸运的是，你现在有各种工具可以使用。我们开始吧)”可知，后文提到了幸运的是，有各种工具可以使用，可知本句继续说明自我激励的困难。故D选项“处于这种精神状态才是挑战”符合语境，故选D。
【17题详解】
根据后文“It’s simple to know what we don’t want. Often it’s harder to pinpoint what exactly would make us happy and what exactly we’re striving for. However, to get anything done, we have to start thinking with positive goals, not negative fears. Instead of “I don’t want to be poor,” a better goal is “I’d like to save X amount of money each month.” See how the latter is much, much more doable? And less scary!(知道我们不想要什么很简单。通常很难确定到底什么会让我们快乐，我们到底在为什么而奋斗。然而，为了完成任何事情，我们必须开始以积极的目标来思考，而不是消极的恐惧。而不是“我不想变穷”，一个更好的目标是“我想每个月存X笔钱”。看到后一种方法更可行了吗？而且不那么可怕！)”可知，本段的主旨是说明专注于积极的目标。故B选项“专注于积极的目标”符合语境，故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Track your progress. Whether you’re losing weight, working overtime, or studying for college, track what you’re doing! This will give you drive and show you the positive outcomes of your behavior.(记录你的进步。不管你是在减肥，加班，还是在上大学，记录下你在做什么！这会给你动力，让你看到你行为的积极结果)”以及后文“Make sure to track your behaviors and their results. Not only do you need the results to look at and go, “Gee! I am awesome! Look at what I did!” you’ll need the results to see what does and does not work for you.(一定要跟踪你的行为和结果。你不仅需要看到结果，然后说：“哇！我很棒！看看我做了什么！”你需要结果来看看什么对你有用，什么对你没用)”可知，本段的主旨是记录进步，看到你行为的积极结果，故F选项“如果你取得了进步，你就没有什么好羞愧的”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Keep good company.(交个好朋友)”以及后文“We have that friend that desperately wants us to eat another piece of cheesecake. That person is not good company. To get going on our path to success, everyone needs cheerleaders along the way! Tell your friends and family what you’re trying to stay motivated with.(我们有一个朋友拼命地想让我们再吃一块芝士蛋糕。那个人不是好伙伴。在通往成功的道路上，每个人都需要一路的拉拉队！告诉你的朋友和家人你在努力保持动力)”可知，后文提到了朋友拖后腿，阻止完成目标的情况。故E选项“不幸的是，人们也会让人失去动力”符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Use rewards. This is a point to be considered carefully. The last thing you want to do is to associate everything with a Snickers bar. However, rewards can be powerful when used sparingly and efficiently.(使用奖励。这一点需要仔细考虑。你最不想做的就是把所有东西都和士力架联系起来。然而，如果适当而有效地使用奖励，它将具有强大的威力)”可知，上文提到了奖励具有强大的威力，本句为本段最后一句，应说明其威力是什么：它会给你目标。故C选项“它会给你目标”符合语境，故选C。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest. In the years since it has been a very ____21____ journey for those trying to bring life back to the ____22____ earth. But with a little canine(犬科的) help, Francisca and Constanza Torres have been struggling to help rebuild in face of the ____23____. And their three Border Collies(边境牧羊犬) could not be any cuter as they do their doggie ____24____ as well.
Two sisters have been using the help of their dogs, Das, Olivia, and Summer, to get seeds ____25____. They ____26____ their pups with special backpacks that release the seeds of ____27____ plants along the ground as the dogs ____28____ the burned forest. Francisca shared that not only is it benefiting the ____29____, but the dogs are more than happy for the playtime. _____30_____, they are seeing many _____31_____ flora and fauna(动植物群) making a _____32_____ to the areas that had been burned.
Besides using the dogs to help _____33_____ the forests, Torres also keeps busy _____34_____ assistance dogs in an environmental community that is dog-focused. The Border Collies are actually better for the work than others because they not only have the endurance and _____35_____ to run for miles across forest terrain, but they are focused dogs who don’t get _____36_____ by wildlife. The three dogs are about to cross 18 miles per day—much more compared to the only few miles that humans can _____37_____ a day. _____38_____, dogs are a lot cheaper than drones or robots, and they have a much _____39_____ carbon footprint. Overall it sounds like a(an) _____40_____ for everyone involved!
21. A. dangerous B. normal C. joyful D. hard
22. A. dirty B. lifeless C. terrible D. rich
23. A. waste B. pain C. destruction D. loss
24. A. thing B. part C. nature D. stuff
25. A. harvested B. planted C. watered D. grown
26. A. fitted B. supplied C. connected D. covered
27. A. multiple B. strong C. rare D. native
28. A. roll over B. run about C. walk past D. go through
29. A. environment B. development C. wildlife D. extinction
30. A. Temporarily B. Obviously C. Consequently D. Initially
31. A. significant B. new C. real D. weak
32. A. face B. living C. return D. difference
33. A. remove B. replace C. renew D. regrow
34. A. training B. improving C. saving D. treating
35. A. passion B. sense C. direction D. speed
36. A. scared B. driven C. distracted D. attracted
37. A. cover B. pave C. wander D. measure
38. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover
39. A. brighter B. greater C. lighter D. less
40. A. advantage B. win C. prize D. chance
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在2017年智利发生破坏性严重的野火之后，弗朗西斯卡和康斯坦萨·托雷斯在三只边境牧羊犬的帮助下重建被毁的森林的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那以后的几年里，对于那些试图将生命带回死气沉沉的地球的人来说，这是一段非常艰难的旅程。A. dangerous危险的；B. normal正常的；C. joyful快乐的；D. hard困难的。根据上文中的“Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest.”可知，智利发生了毁灭性的野火，结合下文“for those trying to bring life back to the ____2____ earth.”可知，要想恢复是一件非常困难的事情。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那以后的几年里，对于那些试图将生命带回死气沉沉的地球的人来说，这是一段非常艰难的旅程。A. dirty脏的；B. lifeless没有生命的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. rich富的。根据上文中的“Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest.”可知，这种破坏性的野火使得被毁的区域毫无生机。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是在一个小狗的帮助下，弗朗西斯卡和康斯坦萨·托雷斯一直在努力帮助重建，以应对破坏。A. waste浪费；B. pain疼痛；C. destruction破坏；D. loss损失。根据上文中的“Back in 2017, Chile experienced some rather devastating wildfires that burned more than 1.4 million acres of forest.”可知，这次野火烧毁了140万英亩的森林，所以是面对破坏，要重建被毁的森林。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的三只边境牧羊犬非常地可爱，因为它们也有狗狗的天性。A. thing东西；B. part部分，作用；C. nature自然；D. stuff物品。根据上文中的“And their three Border Collies(边境牧羊犬) could not be any cuter…”可知，他们的牧羊犬非常可爱，是这些狗狗的天性。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两姐妹一直在他们的狗达斯、奥利维亚和萨默的帮助下播下种子。A. harvested收获；B. planted种植；C. watered浇水；D. grown生长。根据常识可知，种子是被“播种”的，所以planted符合语境。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们给幼崽装上了特殊的背包，当狗在被烧毁的森林里跑来跑去时，这些背包会释放地面上多种植物的种子。A. fitted安装；B. supplied供应；C. connected连接；D. covered覆盖。根据下文中的“with special backpacks that release the seeds of…”可知，他们给狗狗安装了特殊的背包用来释放种子，be fitted with意为“安装”符合语境。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们给幼崽装上了特殊的背包，当狗在被烧毁的森林里跑来跑去时，这些背包会释放地面上多种植物的种子。A. multiple多样的；B. strong强大的；C. rare稀有的；D. native本族的。根据下文中的“____10____, they are seeing many ____11____ flora and fauna(动植物群) making a ____12____ to the areas that had been burned.”可知，他们看到很多的动植物群对被毁的地区产生很大的影响，所以此处播撒的种子是多样的。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们给幼崽装上了特殊的背包，当狗在被烧毁的森林里跑来跑去时，这些背包会释放地面上多种植物的种子。A. roll over翻滚；B. run about到处乱跑；C. walk past走过；D. go through经历。根据下文中的“…because they not only have the endurance and ____15____ to run for miles across forest terrain…”可知，此处指的是这些狗狗在被烧毁的森林里四处跑动。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：弗朗西斯卡分享说，这不仅有益于野生动物，而且狗对游戏时间也非常高兴。A. environment环境；B. development开发，发展；C. wildlife野生动植物；D. extinction灭绝。根据下文中的“…they are seeing many ____11____ flora and fauna(动植物群) making a ____12____ to the areas that had been burned.”可知，狗的四处跑动，四处播撒种子，所以下文才会有很多动植物群的出现。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们看到许多新的动植物群对被烧毁的地区产生了影响。A. Temporarily临时的；B. Obviously明显的；C. Consequently因此；D. Initially起初。根据空前句子和空后句子之间的逻辑关系可知，此处表示因果关系，正是由于前者的四处跑动，播散种子，才出现下文中看到很多的动植物群。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们看到许多新的动植物群对被烧毁的地区产生了影响。A. significant意义重大的；B. new新的；C. real真实的；D. weak虚弱的。结合语境可知，2017年智利的大火烧毁了140万亩的森林，经过重建后，出现的应该是新的动植物群。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们看到许多新的动植物群对被烧毁的地区产生了影响。A. face面部；B. living生计；C. return回归；D. difference区别。根据空前的“____10____, they are seeing many ____11____ flora and fauna(动植物群)”可知，由于狗狗的四处跑动，四处播撒种子，导致了新动植物群的出现，而这些新动植物群对被毁的森林有着很大的影响，make a difference to意为“对……有影响”符合语境。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了使用狗来帮助更新森林外，托雷斯还忙于在一个以狗的专注力为中心的环境社区训练协助犬。A. remove清除；B. replace取代；C. renew更新；D. regrow再成长。根据上文中的“____10____, they are seeing many ____11____ flora and fauna(动植物群) making a ____12____ to the areas that had been burned.”可知，在狗狗的帮助之下，被毁的森林又出现了生机，所以此处表示的是“更新”这片森林。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了使用狗来帮助更新森林外，托雷斯还忙于在一个以狗的专注力为中心的环境社区训练协助犬。A. training训练；B. improving改善；C. saving节省；D. treating对待，治疗。根据下文中的“in an environmental community that is dog-focused.”可知，此处表示的是托雷斯在忙着训练以狗的专注力为中心的辅助犬。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：边境牧羊犬实际上比其他牧羊犬更适合这项工作，因为它们不仅具有在森林地形上奔跑数英里的耐力和速度，而且它们是专心的狗，不会被野生动物分心。A. passion激情；B. sense感觉；C. direction方向；D. speed速度。根据下文中的“The three dogs are about to cross 18 miles per day—much more compared to the only few miles that humans can ____17____ a day.”可知，这些狗狗每天穿越18英里，比人要快得多，所以此处指的是狗的“速度”。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：边境牧羊犬实际上比其他牧羊犬更适合这项工作，因为它们不仅具有在森林地形上奔跑数英里的耐力和速度，而且它们是专心的狗，不会被野生动物分心。A. scared使害怕；B. driven驱使；C. distracted分散；D. attracted吸引。根据上文中的“Torres also keeps busy ____14____ assistance dogs in an environmental community that is dog-focused.”可知，这些狗狗都是经过专门训练的，很专注的，所以，不会被其它的野生动物分神。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三只狗每天要走18英里——与人类每天只能走的几英里相比，要多得多。A. cover覆盖，走了多少路；B. pave铺路；C. wander漫游；D. measure测量。根据上文中的“The three dogs are about to cross 18 miles per day—much more compared to the only few miles…”可知，此处是把狗每天所走的路程与人的几英里进行比较，cover意为“走多少路”符合语境。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，狗比无人机或机器人便宜得多，而且它们的碳足迹要少得多。A. Otherwise否则；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead然而；D. Moreover而且。根据空前与空后的内容可指，前后两句都是介绍的这些狗对于重建被毁森林地区的优势，所以此处表示“递进”关系，moreover意为“而且”符合语境。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，狗比无人机或机器人便宜得多，而且它们的碳足迹要少得多。A. brighter较明亮的；B. greater较伟大的；C. lighter较轻的；D. less较少的。根据上文中的“dogs are a lot cheaper than drones or robots, and…”可知，此处表示的意义与上文并列，上文说的是使用狗狗比使用无人机或机器人要便宜，所以此处为使用狗狗碳足迹也会“较少”。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，这听起来像是每个参与者的胜利！A. advantage优点；B. win赢；C. prize奖赏；D. chance机会。根据上文中的“Francisca shared that not only is it benefiting the ____9____, but the dogs are more than happy for the playtime.”以及“____18____, dogs are a lot cheaper than drones or robots, and they have a much ____19____ carbon footprint.”可知，在对被烧毁的森林重建的过程中，使用狗狗帮助重建有很多的优势，狗狗既可以很开心地四处活动，又帮助播撒了种子，以至于出现了很多的新的动植物群，同时又便宜又环保，由此可知，所有参与者都是获胜方。故选B项。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When a dog licks your face, jumps into your lap, or barks when you come through the front door, it ____41____ (simple) means they’re crazy about you. But did you know that your dog’s heartbeat actually increases when you tell them, “I love you.”?
According to a recent study, that may well be the case. After ____42____ (equip) four test dogs with heart rate monitors, the dogs ____43____ (guide) through a series of situations over the course of seven days to see ____44____ they would react to a variety of stimuli(刺激).
The tracking data revealed the four dogs averaged a resting heart rate of 67 beats per minute. When owners said “I love you.” to ____45____ (they) pets, the dogs’ heart rates shot to 98 beats per minute—____46____ 46.2% increase.
While your dog becomes ____47____ (cheer) just for setting eyes on you, some ____48____ (activity) actually had a calming effect. Quality couch time hug resulted in a 22.7% decrease in dog heart rates.
If you’re searching ____49____ unconditional love, consider adopting a dog from your local shelter and don’t forget ____50____ (tell) them daily that you love them.
【答案】41. simply
42. equipping
43. were guided
44. how 45. their 46. a
47. cheerful
48. activities
49. for 50. to tell
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项实验表明，当人们对狗狗说“我爱你”的时候，它们的心跳实际上会加快。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：当一只狗舔你的脸，跳到你的大腿上，或者当你从前门进来的时候叫，这只是意味着它们为你疯狂。此处应用副词修饰动词means，形容词simple(简单的)的副词为simply(仅仅)，故填simply。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意： 在给四只试验犬安装了心率监测器后，这些狗在七天的时间里被引导经历了一系列的情况，以观察它们对各种刺激的反应。介词after后面应用动名词equipping作宾语，故填equipping。
【43题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在给四只试验犬安装了心率监测器后，这些狗在七天的时间里被引导经历了一系列的情况，以观察它们对各种刺激的反应。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，且主语the dogs和动词guide是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动，主语是复数，be动词应用were，故填were guided。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在给四只试验犬安装了心率监测器后，这些狗在七天的时间里被引导经历了一系列的情况，以观察它们对各种刺激的反应。空处引导宾语从句，且从句缺少方式状语，应用how表示“如何”，故填how。
【45题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当主人对它们的宠物说“我爱你”的时候，狗的心率可以达到每分钟98次，增加46.2% 。此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词pets，故填their。
【46题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当主人对它们的宠物说“我爱你”的时候，狗的心率可以达到每分钟98次，增加46.2% 。此处increase是可数名词，且表示“增加46.2%”，为泛指，应用不定冠词来修饰，46.2%发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管你的狗狗仅仅因为看了你一眼而变得快乐，但是一些活动实际上起到了镇静的作用。此处应用形容词作表语，表示“快乐的”，应用形容词cheerful。故填cheerful。
【48题详解】
考查可数名词复数。句意：尽管你的狗狗仅仅因为看了你一眼而变得快乐，但是一些活动实际上起到了镇静的作用。由some可知，此处应用名词复数形式作主语，故填activities。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意： 如果你正在寻找无条件的爱，可以考虑从当地的收容所领养一只狗，别忘了每天告诉它们你爱它们。search for固定搭配，意为“寻找”，故填for。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你正在寻找无条件的爱，可以考虑从当地的收容所领养一只狗，别忘了每天告诉它们你爱它们。forget to do固定搭配，意为“忘记去做某事”，强调事情还没做，forget doing“忘记做了某事”，强调事情做了，此处表示“不要忘记去做”，应用don’t forget to do，故填to tell。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was in Grade Eight, I was the member of the school choir. Confident of my sweet voices, I was delighted to sign up a singing competition. The audience gave a long and loudly applause when I finished my last high note. I hope to win first prize. However, the result was that I came second. Shocking and sad, I couldn’t help but to weep in a small voice. Just then, my friend Alice passed I a handkerchief and told me not to cry for what I lost and appreciate what I have. A warm smile and words of comfort relieved me of my grief, and I was not longer in low spirits.
【答案】1. the→a
2. voices→voice
3. up后加for
4. loudly→loud
5. hope→hoped
6. Shocking→Shocked
7. 删掉to
8. I→me
9. and→but
10. not→no
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。讲述了作者参加歌唱比赛，只得到了第二名，感到十分伤心，朋友Alice安慰他说，人应该不要为失去的哭泣，而要珍惜所拥有的，这让作者深有感悟。
【详解】1. 考查冠词。句意：当我在八年级的时候，我是学校唱诗班的一员。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配辨析：a member of意为“……中的一员”，而the member of意为“…….的成员”，根据句意可知，a member of符合。故将the改为a。
2. 考查名词。句意：由于对自己甜美的嗓音充满信心，我很高兴地报名参加了歌唱比赛。分析句子结构可知，voice表示声音时不可数，表示嗓音时可数，根据句意，此处是指作者自己的嗓音，应用单数形式。故将voices改为voice。
3. 考查介词。句意：由于对自己甜美的嗓音充满信心，我很高兴地报名参加了歌唱比赛。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定短语：sign up for意为“报名参加”。故在up后加for。
4. 考查形容词。句意：当我唱完最后一个高音时，观众们报以长时间的热烈掌声。分析句子结构可知，applause为名词，前应该用形容词修饰，而loudly是副词。故将loudly改为loud。
5. 考查动词时态。句意：我希望能赢得一等奖。根据前文可知，本文描述的是过去发生的事，整体时态是用一般过去时，所以本句也应用一般过去时。故将hope改为hoped。
6. 考查形容词。句意：我既震惊又悲伤，忍不住低声哭泣。分析句子结构可知，shocking修饰的是“I”，修饰的是人时，应该用v-ed形式修饰，表示“震惊的”。故将Shocking改为Shocked。
7. 考查固定搭配。句意：我既震惊又悲伤，忍不住低声哭泣。can’t/couldn’t help but do sth.固定搭配，意为“忍不住做某事”。故将to去掉。
8. 考查代词。句意：就在这时，我的朋友爱丽丝递给我一块手帕，告诉我不要为失去的哭泣，要珍惜我所拥有的。分析句子结构可知，I位于谓语动词passed后，作间接宾语，应该用宾格形式。故将I改为me。
9. 考查连词。句意：就在这时，我的朋友爱丽丝递给我一块手帕，告诉我不要为失去的哭泣，要珍惜我所拥有的。no...but...固定搭配，意为“不是……而是”。故将and改为but。
10. 考查固定搭配。句意：一个温暖的微笑和安慰的话语使我从悲伤中解脱出来，我的情绪不再低落。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：no longer意为“不再”，通常放在be动词，助动词，或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。故将not改为no。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是学生会主席李华，本月你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛，请你写一则通知，号召同学们积极参加。要点如下：
1演讲话题：奥林匹克精神；
2.比赛目的、具体时间和地点；
3.报名截止时间：9月10日。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Notice
Ladies and gentlemen, Here is an announcement. To raise students’ affection to Olympic Games, our school will hold an English speech competition this month.
The topic is about Olympic spirits and you can share something that you learned from it. We will hold the contest in our school hall at 8:00 this Saturday. Students who are interested in it can sign up. Remember, you need sign up before Sept.10th. Make sure you’ll come on time and don’t be late.
Everybody is welcome to attend it. Thank you.
Students Union
Sept.4th
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是学生会主席李华，需要写一则通知，号召同学们参加本月学校举办的英语演讲比赛。并包括演讲话题，比赛目的时间及地点，还有报名截止时间的要点。
【详解】1.词汇积累建议:
通知：announcement→notice
比赛：competition→contest
参加：attend →join in
举办：hold→conduct
2.句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：To raise students’ affection to Olympic Games our school will hold an English speech competition this month.
拓展句：In order to raise students’ affection to Olympic Games, our school will hold an English speech competition this month.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The topic is about Olympic spirits and you can share something that you learned from it.(运用了that引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】 Students who are interested in it can sign up. (运用了who引导的定语从句)
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